A Leaf
from the
Natural History
of
New Zealand;
or,
A Vocabulary of its Different Productions,
&c., &c.,
With Their Native Names.
by
Richard Taylor, M.A., F.G.S.
of the “New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait
Guardian,” Manners-Street, TE ARO; and Published by
J. Williamson, “New Zealander Office,” Auckland.
Preface.
IT is said by a distinguished writer, that no one should present the public with anything in such a crude and undigested form as to need an apology. Although, as a general rule, this may hold good, yet, fortunately for the author, it has its exceptions. In a country so little known, and so recently colonized as New Zealand, it is a duty each one owes to contribute his mite to the general fund of information; and, however imperfect these contributions may be, they are more likely to be appreciated than those of higher pretensions at some future period, when the difficulties which the inquirer has now to contend with will have been removed.
The author flatters himself, that however defective his vocabulary may be found, it will still furnish matter which others may turn to better account, and will prove not altogether uninteresting to the settler, for whose use it is chiefly intended.
Introduction.
The Natural History of these islands, compared with that of other countries, appears very defective. The only land animal which we are at present acquainted with, as being indigenous, is the rat; and the only imported one, prior to the arrival of Europeans, was the dog. The original rat is now nearly exterminated by the Norway rat, which has already multiplied to such an extent, as perhaps to be more numerous than the native one ever was.
Noxious reptiles have no place in New Zealand; neither snake, toad, nor frog, has been found. A snake was said to have been seen at Hokianga, which some captain brought with him from Sydney; but it is most probable, if such were the case, it accidentally came in the fuel, and there is every reason to hope it did not live to perpetuate its race.
The existence of a beaver in the Middle Island is also affirmed, but the foundation on which the report rests is uncertain.
Several varieties of the lizard were in existence until lately, but none of any size; since the introduction of the cat they have so rapidly disappeared, that ere long they will most probably be either totally extinct, or so scarce as seldom to be met with. The largest kind I have seen is the ruatara, which is about eighteen inches long; but, if native reports are to be credited, very large lizards have existed, which were as terrible to them as ancient legends represent the dragons to have been, which are said formerly to have inhabited every part of Christendom; and in some parts the natives affirm larger lizards than any we have seen are still in existence. The ruatara, though viewed with extreme dread by the natives, appears to be perfectly harmless. It has a large benevolent looking eye, rounded teeth, and a serrated white comb along its back. It burrows, and is extremely slow in all its movements.
The natives also speak of a wild man of the woods—the maero, who is represented as principally residing on the inaccessible heights of the Tararua range. He is said to be as tall as a man, and covered with hair, with very long arms; it is only in scarce seasons when he is seen; he then visits the plains and carries off any unfortunate straggler he may meet with. It is not improbable a few solitary remains of a more ancient race of natives still exist in the more remote and inaccessible fastnesses of the island, and that this is the origin of the tale; the natives themselves affirm when they first came they found a thinly scattered tribe in the occupation of the soil.
Though this country is so destitute of land animals, and there is no other of similar extent equally so, still its Ornithology presents a remarkable peculiarity. Cut off, as New Zealand is, from every other part of the globe, by a wide expanse of ocean, we cannot wonder that its fauna should be so small; still the ancient existence of several species of the apterix, and one of gigantic proportions, far exceeding any now found in any other part of the world, is very remarkable. The fabled roc here seems to have had an actual existence, except its being wingless. The bones of the Moa, which are scattered through the land on which it once lived in solitary grandeur, are equal in magnitude to those of the elephant, and on the most moderate computation, it must have stood fourteen feet high. Although native reports still assign it a place in the land of the living, we have little expectation of seeing it; like all these solitary birds it has disappeared, and as it was the largest, so has it probably been the first to depart. The dodo has followed it, and several varieties of the kiwi as well. The apterix appears to be a proscribed family, either the climate of the earth has changed, or the encroachments of men have prevailed. The natives have many proverbs alluding to the moa, from which we learn it was a fat bird, and of a red colour; and to express the total extinction of a tribe, it is said to have been destroyed as completely as the moa; there is still a hunting song in existence relative to it.
There are also the remains of another bird of the same family, equal to the emu of New Holland,
kiwi, which is yet by no means a scarce bird. It is found in the deep recesses of the forest, from whence it is only driven forth by violent storms, when, its haunts being covered with water, it seeks the plain, and then its shrill plaintive cry being heard it soon falls an easy prey. It is hunted with dogs, and surprised by the light of the torch. It has a long beak, with its nostrils at the extremity; its colour is a reddish-brown, and the construction of its feathers is similar to that of the emu's. The dog and cat hunt this bird of their own accord, and are, it is to be feared, too successful in their sport.
The next family of birds to be noticed is that of the rail, which naturally follows the apterix. There are about four known genera of this order in New Zealand; the largest, the moko, is described as being almost equal to a fowl in size, and formerly so abundant as to form no inconsiderable portion of the natives' support. It is a black bird, with a red bill and red legs, and scarcely any appearance of wings. Speaking of this bird, they say that, since the arrival of Europeans, it has almost become extinct; formerly it abounded. Wherever the European goes, the dog, the cat, and the rat follow, and these are greater enemies than man himself to these helpless denizens of the forest. Next comes the weka, which is an elegant bird, rather less than a barn-door fowl
kakatia; and the last is the moakorua, a very diminutive one of elegant form, not so large in the body as a sparrow, with long slender beak and feet; it is found in swamps. The rail, as well as the apterix, is a night bird.
After these two families must be noticed the kaka-po, a large ground parrot; its name signifies, the night-parrot; it scarcely flies: its colour is green and yellow, and its size quite that of the fowl. The natives describe two varieties, one as being larger than the kiwi. It was formerly very abundant, but now is rare, so that it is seldom met with in the Northern Island; it is more abundant in the Middle Island. I have only seen one.
There are only two birds of passage, the pipiwarauroa, a beautiful little bird, and the kohoperoa, the New Zealand cuckoo. These two birds are hailed as the harbingers of summer; they only remain about six weeks, and are called the birds of Hawaiki.
It is not improbable the pelican occasionally visits these islands, but this rests on native reports.
The white crane is sometimes seen, but so rarely, that there is a saying when any great
kotukutuku, which is only once seen in a man's life.
New Zealand possesses about six kinds of butterflies, and twice as many varieties of the beetle. The only noxious insects are the namu, a small black sand fly, the waeroa or mosquito, and a small black spider with a red spot on its back, the katipo, the bite of which appears to be very poisonous, occasioning a violent swelling of the part. In this department the most singular thing is the aweto or vegetating caterpillar, which is found in every part of the Northern Island.
New Zealand is rich in pines, possessing about twelve varieties, amongst which is the noble kauri and the durable totara, the hutu in the North and the toatoa, used in dyeing, in the South. In the North of this island the puriri flourishes, which is our teak, and by far the most durable of all the New Zealand trees, the timber of which in general is rather perishable. Several trees flourish in the North which are not seen in the South, as the hutu, a pine, the puriri, the tariri, the manawa, and the beautiful pohutukawa, which is found only on the sea coast, excepting on a small island in the Rotorua, and another in the Taupo, lake. The forest contains two species of the pepper, one resembling the cava of the South Sea Islands; the other the horopito, a laurel very pungent and aromatic. Of the trees it may be remarked, that one great proof of the natives having come from Tahiti is, that many of the names of the trees here are similar to those of that island, the natives naturally giving the names
New Zealand possesses several beautiful flowering shrubs, amongst the foremost of which must be placed the kowaingutukaka; it is however very doubtful whether it be indigenous.
New Zealand perhaps has a more scanty flora than any other country of equal extent, yet it has several beautiful flowers; two species of the hibiscus, one bearing a large flower equal to the holyoke in size; this is only found near the North Cape; and a beautiful salvia, which is also peculiar to that part. In the South are several kinds of the aster. It is especially rich in ferns, mosses, fungi, and lichens; of the ferns there are more than one hundred different kinds, of the fungi nearly twelve edible ones.
In Ichthyology it numbers the mako—the shark which has the tooth so highly prized by the natives; this is only found in a certain latitude, between 25° and 35° S.
The Conchology of New Zealand numbers several fine varieties of the trochus, particularly the trochus imperialis, which is very common in the vicinity of Kapiti, a fine large grooved strombus, only found near Cape Van Diemen, and a large V. triton, peculiar to the same part.
Though land shells are rare, yet there are many different kinds of them which are all extremely interesting. The finest and largest is a cone-shaped helix, found chiefly near the North Cape, and not seen south of the Bay of Islands. The next,
helix nearly three inches in diameter, is found between the Bay and Kawia. A third variety of the helix, about the size of the common English field snail-shell, is found as far south as the Waitara, and thence the shells become very minute; but amongst them there are three varieties of snails, which will be considered as great curiosities; they may be correctly termed the land haliolis: the largest possesses a shield one inch in length on its back, and inhabits the interior; it is very rare. The other two kinds I have only noticed in the Southern part of this island.
The Geology of New Zealand is highly interesting; but I shall only make a few general remarks upon it here. It is a volcanic country; the powers first employed in its elevation are still in action; there is a continued line of craters, which still have boiling springs in them, from one end of the North Island to the other; probably Mount Erebus, the recently discovered volcano of the South Pole, may be considered as our safety valve; in the middle and southern part of the North Island earthquakes are extremely frequent, seldom a month elapsing without a shock being felt; these are generally partial in extent, following the course of fissures, and according to their degree of power act upon the level of the land; the many changes of levels seen on the Western coast abundantly prove this to be the case, as well as the stages of elevation inland show how repeatedly the land has been raised above, or depressed below, the level of the sea; and that the same changes are going on here on a
Through the interior runs a limestone range which is remarkably destitute of fossils. In general it crops out in the form of pillars, and gives a very romantic appearance to the landscape. Chasms abound in those regions, but they contain no fossil remains. In the interior there are numerous craters, but from one only is fire occasionally emitted. Tongariro, the loftiest mountain of the North Island, always smokes, and sometimes sends forth flames, which the natives believe to be a sure token of a bloody war. Boiling springs are numerous both at Taupo and Rotorua; in the neighbourhood of the former they deposit silex, in the latter chiefly pipe-clay. One spring at Taupo possesses the power of turning whatever substance is immersed in it into stone, preserving all the original characteristics of its nature, but completely converting it into a beautiful silicious stone; but whatever substance any of the water happens only to flow over, is, on the contrary, merely covered by an incrustation. Sulphur in those parts abounds. Copper and lead ores, together with good coal,
From the Geographical position of these islands, it appears highly probable that they once formed part of a grand chain extending from Papua to the Auckland isles. There are soundings from the Three Kings to Norfolk Island; and whilst some of the productions of this country are found in Norfolk Island and Lord Howe's Island, many also are found in the Auckland isles.
The general features of the country are far from being pleasing, with the exception of the interior grassy plains—the country is covered either with dense forest or with fern; the greater portion of the surface is very mountainous; in this country all the hills are sharp pointed, as if nothing had disturbed them since their first upheavement. The present surface may be viewed as only the back bone of a future country. The shallow seas off both the East and West coasts, and the frequency of earthquakes, render it more than probable that at some future time extensive districts of level land will be gained from the sea, although it is now making great inroads on both those sides of the island.
The two highest mountains in this island are Tongariro and Taranaki, the former being estimated at 16,000 feet high, the latter at 9,000.
Wherever there are inland craters, there are lakes which are proportioned in size to the elevation of the mountain. Taupo has a diameter of thirty-five miles each way, and is styled te moana, the sea; and around Rotorua there is a cluster of about sixteen lakes of various sizes. The principal rivers take their rise from Tongariro; these are the Waikato and the Wanganui, the former having a course of about four hundred miles, the latter of half that distance.
There can be but little doubt that the aboriginal race, at no very remote period, came from some of the South Sea Islands. The resemblance of person, manners, customs, and language, clearly assures us of this; to which may be added their own traditions, which preserve the name of the country they came from, as well as the names of the canoes with the chiefs who came in them; they have also traditions of the food they introduced, and a genealogical table of their generations from the time of their arrival to the present period. Whether Hawaiki, the island they came from, be one of the Sandwich islands or not it is difficult to say, although the similarity of name seems to identify it. The affinity of language with that of the Malays seems to point out a common origin to the two; but it is not improbable the Malay, as well as the New Zealander, may have wandered from another spot. Where the source of this wide spread race is to be found is yet to be discovered. There is a tradition preserved amongst the natives of the interior, of their having had three distinct migrations before they reached New Zealand. The point from which they first came being called Hawaiki-tawiti-nui, from thence they arrived at Hawai-patata, where they remained for a certain period, until perhaps their numbers were too large for the island, when they abandoned it and came to Hawaiki-kite-moutere, where they also stayed some time, and thence finally reached New Zealand.
Few aboriginal races have been so distinguished for cruelty, love of war, and cannibalism, as this; yet it is remarkable that the natives of New Zealand have no regular canine tooth; and they say that their sanguinary disposition has been acquired only since their arrival in this country.
They have always been a religious people; and debased and degraded as they originally were, they still undertook no enterprise without prayer, and in all their difficulties invoked the aid of their deities, most of whom were deified chiefs; and it is remarkable that in the district of Wanganui only was image worship used. Their ideas of the Creation are curious; each department of nature not only having a separate Creator, but also the different divisions of the same department, the dog, the rat, the lizard, had each its particular father, as they styled him. The tapu, which is common to this wide spread aboriginal race, is to be viewed more as a political than a religious institution, intended to uphold the authority of the chief, and to maintain his dignity amongst those who viewed themselves too much on an equality to yield obedience to his will without this adjunct to his power. A more intimate acquaintance with the religious customs of this singular race will tend to throw light on their origin, and well repay the
Part I.: Natural History.
Animals.
arareheR
arata,
general name for tame animals.
Kararehe,
general name for wild animals.
Hipi, sheep. (Ovis aries)
Hoiho, horse (Equus caballus)
Kaihe, ass. (Asinus vulgaris)
Kararehe, dog. The true native dog is now perhaps extinct; it was rather a large kind, with a black muzzle and long hair. (Canis familiaris)
Kekeno, seal. (Arctocephalus ursinus)
Kiore, rat. The native rat is not above a third of the size of the Norway rat. (Mus ratus.) Remarkable on account of its scrotum being pendulous, like the ram, bull, &c.
Kirehe, dog. Syn. with Kararehe
Kuhukuhu, pig
Kuri, common name for dog; it is also frequently used for the horse. Syn. with Kararehe
Maero, wild man of the woods. Native report
Mimiha, seal. Syn. with Kekeno
Moimoi, a familiar name for dog. Syn. with Kararehe
Moki, rat. Syn. with Kiore Nane, dog. Syn. with Kararehe
Nanenane, goat. (Capra ægagrus)
Ngeru, cat. (Felis catus)
Patupaearehe, wild man of the woods. Syn. with Maero
Pekapeka, bat. (Vespertilis tuberculatus.) Very small
Peropero, a half starved dog
Poaka, pig. There are three varieties, the grey or Tongataboo; another having lateral parallel brown lines along its side; the third is a black one. (Sus scrofa)
Poipoi, familiar name for dog
Poti, cat. Syn. with Ngeru
Pouhawaiki, English rat. In the North this is called the Kiore Pakeha; in the interior it is called the rat of Hawaiki
Pukutuaro. Syn. with Maero
Punua, a little pig or dog
Reme, lamb
Riroi, rat. Syn. with Kiore
Tori, cat. Syn. with Ngeru
Waitoreke, otter. (Uncertain, perhaps the seal)
Wakahau, Syn. with Maero.
Reptiles.
Ngarara,
general name for all Reptiles.
Engaio, a long white worm. A parasite of the Hinanga in the Rotoaira lake
Hara, large centipede: sometimes six inches long; it is perfectly harmless. (Scolopendra)
Kakariki, green lizard. (Naultinus elegans)
Kaiwakaruaki. Syn. with Moko
Kakawariki, a green lizard with yellow spots on the back. (Naultinus punctatus)
Mokamoka, lizard. (Tiliqua Zelandica)
Moko, a large lizard said to be eight feet long
Mokomoko, lizard. Syn. with Mokamoka
Mokonui, a large lizard, said to be found up the Patea; their cry is koramoko: two young ones were once killed there three feet long
Mokopeke, a very large lizard, said to bite
Pipipi, guana
Pirirewa, lizard
Piritana, glow worm
Puratoke, a centipede luminous in the dark
Ruatara, a lizard eighteen inches long. (Guana.) Chiefly found on small islands
Toke, worm. Many of the worms are luminous in the dark; some attain the length of two feet
Tuatara, guana
Tuatete, guana. Syn. with Tuatara
Tupua, name of a snake said to have been seen in New Zealand
Wakatawatawa, lizard
Weri, centipede
Wheke, centipede.
Insects.
Ngarara,
general name for all insects.
Anuhe, large caterpillar
Aweto, caterpillar; feeds on the kumara; the grub which vegetates
Iroiro, grub
Hataretare, slug, snail
Hawato, caterpillar
Heiro, maggot
Hotete, a caterpillar which vegetates. (Sphæria Robt.)
Howaka, cerambyx
Huhu, a grub which bores into wood
Huhu, moth
Hurangi, fly
Kakaraiti, grasshopper
Kapapa, large cerambyx
Kapokapowai, dragon fly
Katipo, venomous spider. One kind red, and one black with a red spot on its back
Keha, flea
Kekeriru, large black wood-bug. (Cimex nemoralis)
Kekerewai, a little green beetle eaten by the natives
Kekewai, dragon fly. Syn. with Kapokapowai
Keriru. Syn. with Kekeriru
Ketoketo, maggot
Kihikihi, chrysalis
Kihikihi, grasshopper
Kikitara, dragon fly. Syn. with Kapokapowai
Kiriwenua, garden bug
Koeke, grasshopper
Kopi, chrysalis
Kowitiwiti, small grasshopper
Kurikuri, a grub which makes a small hole in the earth, and afterwards turns into a green bronzed beetle specked with white
Kutikuti, fly blow
Kutu, louse
Kutukutu, maggot
Kuwaru, grub
Makokorori, caterpillar
Mamahiti, small grasshopper. Syn. with Kowitiwiti
Mawitiwiti, grasshopper
Moeone, species of grub
Moko, caterpillar
Mokoroa, a large caterpillar
Mumutaua, a large brown beetle found on the sand-hills
Mumuwaru, large brown beetle
Muwaru, caterpillar
Naenae, mosquito
Naonao, small moth
Namu, sand fly
Ngairoa, mosquito. Syn. with Waeroa
Ngaro, fly
Ngata, slug, leach
Ngaungau, midge
Papapapa, small brown beetle
Pepe, a grub in wood
Pepe, moth
Pepe Atua, butterfly
Pepepe, butterfly
Pepe Tuna, very large green moth
Poko, ant
Pokorua, ant. Syn. with Poko
Puawere, spider
Purehurehu, large butterfly
Pukupuku, caterpillar
Purerehua, cadis fly
Puruhi, flea
Puwerewere, spider. Syn. with Puauwere
Pungawerewere, spider. Syn. with Puwerewere
Pungoungou, large chrysalis
Rango, large meat fly
Rika, nit
Riia, nit. Syn. with Rika
Riki, the eggs of the louse
Ro, mantis. It is a native saying, if a married woman sees this insect she will conceive
Tarakihi, locust
Tatarakihi, locust. Syn. with Tarakihi
Tuiau, flea. Syn. with Puruhi
Titiwai, a small luminous earth worm
Tunga, grub
Tungongo, chrysalis
Tungoungou, large chrysalis
Waeroa, musquito. Syn. with Naenae
Wairaka, a mantis. Syn. with Ro
Wenewene, an insect
Weri, caterpillar. Syn. with Hotete
Weta, large insect
Whe, caterpillar
Birds.
Manu,
general name for all birds.
Topatopa,
general name for all birds.
Hakoakoa, sea bird
Hawe, a sea bird as large as a goose; it has large skeleton feathers, which are highly prized as ornaments; it is only found near the Reinga
Hihi, a bird like the koromiko
Hihipopokero, a small brown bird with a white head, resembling the Canary. (Turdus albifrons)
Hioi, ground lark. (Ptilocinctatis.) Syn. with Kotihi
Ho-i-ho, penguin. Fam. Alcidæ. (Eudyptes antipodes)
Huia, a beautiful black bird, size of the jay; its tail feathers tipped with white; two little fleshy lappets under the beak. Fam. Upupidæ. (Neomorpha, genus, Melliphagus)
Hurukiwi, wild duck
Kahu, large hawk. (Falco harpe)
Kaiaia, hawk
Kaka, large brown parrot; the first bird that cries in a morning. Fam. Psittacidoe. (Nestor meridionalis)
Kakapo, ground parrot; it does not fly although it has wings, but hops from branch to branch; it is quite as large as a fowl; its colour is green and yellow, with black whiskers; it is a night bird, and extremely rare in the Northern Island. The natives state there are two kinds, one of which is larger than the Kiwi
Kakariki, green parrot. Fam. Psittacidæ. (Platycerus Novae Zelandicae)
Kakatai, a bird
Kakatarepo, a bird
Kao, a sea bird seen on shore only in the night
Karearea, hawk
Karewarewa, sparrow hawk. (Falco brunnea.) Syn. with Kauaua. Ka tangi te Karewarewa ki waenga te rangi pai ka ua apopo. Ka tangi ki waenga o te rangi ua ka paki apopo
Karoro, a sea bird. Ka paoa te karoro
Karuhiruhi, a bird
Katatai, a kind of rail. (Ralus assimilis)
Kataitai, a bird. Fam. Fringillidae alauda. (Novæ Zelandiæ)
Kauau, shag or cormorant. Fam. Pelicanidæ. (Grancalus carunculatus)
Kauaua, sparrow-hawk
Kawekawea, a bird of passage. Syn. with Kohoperoa
Kereru, wood pigeon. (Columbus Spadicea)
Kikimutu, a bird
Kiwi, Apterix Australis. Fam. Struthionidæ. Syn. with Kiwikiwi
Koekoea, a bird of passage. Syn, with Kohoperoa
Kohihi, a land bird. Fam. Cuculidæ. (Endynamys taitensis)
Kohoperoa, a bird of passage; the New Zealand cuckoo; it has a long tail, and spotted like the sparrow-hawk; its appearance a token for the kumara planting
Kokako, a black bird; the New Zealand crow. Fam. Corvicallaeas cinerea. (Glaucopia.) Syn. with Kakako
Koko, the mocking or parson bird. (Arthoceros.) Syn. with Tui
Kokoka, a bird
Kokomako, a bird. Fam. Meliphagidæ. The chief singing bird of the New Zealand grove. (Anthornis melanura)
Kokoreke, quail. Syn. with Koutareke
Kokorimoko, the sweetest songster of the New Zealand grove. Syn. with Korimoko. Genus Melliphagus
Kokotai, a little land bird
Komiromiro, a little bird
Konini, a bird. Syn. with Kataitai. (Ralus assimilis)
Kopaopao, bell bird
Korimako, a bird. Syn. with Kopaopao
Korimoko, the chief singiny bird of New Zealand. Syn. with Kokorimoko
Korora, small green and white penguin. Fam. Alcidæ. (Epheniscus minor)
Korowatito, a little bird. Syn. with Matata
Kotare, kingfisher. Fam. Alcedinidæ. (Halcyon vagrans)
Kotaretare, a bird. Syn. with Kotare
Kotata, a bird
Kotihe, a bird. (Melliphaga cincta)
Kotihetihe, a variety of the korimako; white on the neck. (Philotis cincta)
Kotuku, large white crane, chiefly found in the Middle Island, but occasionally in the Northern. Kotahi ano te rerenga o te Kotuku
Koukou, an owl; small size; easily killed with a stick in the day. Syn. with Ruru
Koutareke, a little bird
Kuaka, a small sea bird frequenting the shores, resembling a snipe; much prized as food
Kuku, pigeon; this word is also used for the oil extracted from it, which is highly prized as food
Kukupa, pigeon. Syn. with Kereru
Kuruengo, the shoveller; a duck of Taupo
Kurupatu, a land bird; very tame; when he hears the beating of fern root he flies to the pa, and is killed
Kuweto, a bird
Makomako, a bird. Syn. with Korimako
Mata, fern or swamp sparrow a small brown bird with four long feathers in its tail; it is regarded as being sacred
Matapouri, teal
Matata, a swamp bird; its flight short; is easily killed with a stick. Syn. with Mata. Fam. Luscindae (Sphinacacus)
Matuku, bittern. Fam. Ardcidæ. (Botaurus melanotus.) It makes three hollow cries at a time
Matukuhurepo, a bird, Syn. with Matuku
Miromiro, small land bird; very tame; can be caught by the hand. Fam. Museicapidæ. (Miro albifrons)
Mirotoitoi, Fam. Muscicapidæ. (Muscipeta toitoi)
Moa, supposed to be extinct. (Apterix giganteus.) The common name for the domestic fowl in all the domestic fowl in all the South Sea Islands
Moakerua, a black bird with red bill and feet; a fresh water bird; a water hen
Moakoru, very small rail
Moeriki, rail of the Chatham Isles. (Rallus Dieffenbachii)
Moho, rail; color black; said to be a wingless bird as large as a fowl, having a long bill; it is nearly exterminated by the cat; its cry was keo, keo
Mohoua, a bird. Fam. Certhidæ. (Ochrocephala)
Momohoua, a bird. Fam. Lasindæ. Syn. with Riroriro. (Carthiparus maculecordus)
Momoroua, small bird with a white head
Morunga, a bird
Motingitingi, a small land bird
Ngirungiru, a bird. Fam. Muscicapidæ? Syn. with Merotoitoi
Okioi, a land bird (perhaps the Pelican)
Okiuai, lark
Onge, bird
Pakura, a bird. Syn. with Pukeko
Papa awa, a bird
Parekareka, a social bird. Fam. Pelecaidæ. (Granculus auritus)
Parera, wild duck (Anas superciliosa)
Pekeha, a sea bird
Pi, young birds
Pihaua, a little black-and-white bird
Pihipihi, a bird
Pihoihoi, the New Zealand ground lark
Pimirumiru, hawk
Piopio, a little red land bird
Piopio, a bird of passage from the South. Fam. Turdidæ. (Turnagracrassirostris)
Pipiawa, a small bird
Pipipi, wren. Syn. with Riroriro. Ka tangi te Riroriro ko te raumati
Pipipi, turkey
Pipitori, a small land bird
Pipiwarauroa, a beautiful bird of passage, in its habits resembling the swallow;
Cuculidae. (Chrysococcyx lucidus)
Pipiwawaroa, a bird. Syn. with Pipiwarauroa. The Pipiwarauroa and the Kohoperoa are called birds of Hawaiki
Pirangirangi, the smallest New Zealand bird; color black and yellow. Syn. with Miromiro. (Muscicarpa)
Piripiri, a very small bird
Pitoitoi, a small sea bird
Pitoitoi, a small land bird
Piwakawaka, a bird. Fam. Muscicapidæ. (Rhipidura flabellifera)
Piwauwau, a bird. Fam. Certhidæ. (Acanthisit a tenui rostris)
Popokatea, New Zealand canary bird. Syn. with Mohoua. (Orthornyx heteroalytus)
Poporoihewa, a bird; bill long like a snipe; it destroyed the kumara; hence the saying, E haere ano te Poporoihewa, e noho ana te kiore
Popotai, small bird; rail
Popotai, a sea bird
Popotai, a land bird (extinct)
Poreterete, species of duck
Porihawa, a bird
Porohaua, a bird
Powaitere, green parrot. Syn. with Kakariki
Puetoeto, a bird living in swamps
Pukeko, a bird; red bill and feet; back black; breast bright blue; and white under the tail. (Porophyrio melanotus)
Pukunui, a bird. Fam. Charidridae. (Charactrius obscurus)
Pututangiatama, duck with a very short tail
Purourou, a bird. Fam. Sturnidae
Putangitangi, Paradise duck. Fam. Anatidae. (Casarca variegata)
Pututo, a bird. Syn. with Pukunui
Puweto, a bird
Reoreo, a sea bird
Rirerire, half-grown kiwi
Riroriro, wren. Fam. Luscindae. Syn. with Pipipi and Momohoua
Ruru, owl; a stupid bird; easily killed with a stick. Fam. Strigidae athene. (Novae Zelandiae)
Taia, a bird
Taiko, a sea bird. Syn. with Takupu
Takahikahi, a sea-shore bird Syn. with Tuturiwatu
Takupu, a bird. Syn. with Taiko
Takupu, white gull; nankeen head
Tara, sea swallow. Pelecanidae. (Sula Australis)
Tarapo, night bird as large as a fowl; ground parrot. Syn. with Kakapo
Tarapunga, sea bird found at Taupo
Tataiato a small bird. Fam. Luscindae
Tatarihuka, a sacred bird; if killed it is said to cause rain or snow to fall
Tatariki, a small bird. Fam. Luscindae
Tatawai, a small land bird which cries in the night
Tawaki, large brown and white Penguin. Fam. Alcidae
Tei, brown widgeon
Teiwaka, teal or shoveller
Tewakawaka, fantail flycatcher. Fam. Muscica pidae Rhipidura flabellifera
Tiaki, a bird. Fam. Sturnidae
Tieki, a bird. Fam. Sturnidae. (Creadion carunculatus)
Tierawaki, a bird. Fam. Sturnidae
Tieutieu, a night bird
Tikaokao, barn-door fowl
Tiotio, a bird
Tirakaraka, small land bird
Titi, mutton bird; only heard on shore at night; lays inland in holes in the rocks one egg, and is very fat. Procellaria. (Pelecanoides urinatrix.) He manu wangainga tahi
Titimako, bell bird. Syn. with Korimako
Titipu, a sea bird
Titoitoi, a bird
Tiutiu, a night bird
Tiwaewaka, a very small bird
Toetoe, a bird. Fam. Luscindae. (Certhiparus Novae Zelandiae)
Toitoi, a bird. Fam. Fringillidae. (Fringilla albici)
Tokitoki, small duck; widgeon
Torea, a sea bird with red legs and beak. Fam. Chardridae. (Haematopus picatus)
Toroa, albatross. Fam. Procellaridae. (Diomedea exulans)
Toroa-hau-nui, black albatross
Totoara, bell bird. Syn. with Toutouai
Totawara, a bird. Syn. with Tatawai
Toutouai, a small black bird
Toutouwai, a small land bird which cries in the night
Tui, parson bird, also called the mocking bird; a beautiful black bird size of a thrush, with white delicate hair feathers under the throat. Fam. Meliphagidae.
Prosthemadera Novae Zelandiae)
Tukuraroa, a bird
Turituripourewa, a bird
Turuatu, a bird
Tutumata, a bird. Fam. Scolopacidae. (Himantopus Novae Zelandiae)
Tuturiwatu, a sea bird found inland. Fam. Charadridae. (Charadrius Xanthocheitus)
Warauroa, a bird of passage. Syn. with Pipiwarauroa
Weka, rail as large as a hen; the wood hen. (Ralus Australis. Ocydromus Australis)
Wio, green duck
Wioi, a sacred bird given as an offering to the gods
Wiorau, small grey duck found on the forest streams.
Fish.
Ika,
general name for all fish.
Ngohi,
general name for all fish.
Aihe, a large fish 24 feet long; small head like a porpoise with similar teeth; yields a large quantity of oil. Syn. with Rarihi
Araara, a fish like the Kahawai
Atuhakona, a fish
Ature, a sea fish
Aturere, a fish
Atutai, a sea fish
Aua, a small fish
Awa, like a roach; a sea fish frequenting rivers. Syn. with Takeke
Awa, a small fish found in tidal rivers
Awapaka, a fish
Angengi, a fish
Hahari, a fish
Hahau, a fish
Hako, a large fish, like a salmon in shape. (Brosmiui venustus)
Haku, like the tamure found at Kapiti
Hapuku, cod
Hatoketoke, young eel
Hawiwi, young eel
Hekemai, large shark
Hepara, rock trout. (Galaxias alepidotus)
Hiwihiwi, a fish
Hopuhopu, porpoise
Huamutu, a fish
Hue, a fish
Ihe, a scaleless fish 4 inches long, full of oil, much prized. Syn. with Takeke
Inanga, a small fresh water fish, found in Taupo and most rivers, 3 to 6 inches long, has scales. (Elacotris basalis)
Kahawai, like a mackarel
Kanae, mullet. (Mugil fosteri)
Karahu, a fish
Karohi, a very small scaly fish in tidal rivers
Kauwaitaiea, large eel
Kawia, a fish
Kawiri, a fish
Kehe, a fish
Koaro, a small fresh water fish, 3 inches long, much prized, found in most rivers and in Rotoairo and Taupo.
Koheru, a fish
Kohihoi, a fish. (Haemerocaetes acanthorhynchus)
Kohua, eel
Koinga, a species of shark
Koiro, Conger eel
Kiriri, a rough skinned fish with one or two spines which it can elevate at pleasure, springing from its back, it grunts like a pig
Kokopu, a scaly fish, found in Taupo and most rivers, from 5 to 9 inches long and rather thick in proportion
Kokopu, a scaleless fresh water fish, as large as the Kahawai.
Kopakopa, a large eel
Kopaopao, an eel
Kopuatotara, a fish. Syn. with Kopuawai
Kopuawai, round fish covered with spines. (Diodona Globulas)
Kopuhuri, a fish. Syn. with Kahawai
Koputaputa, fish bladder
Koroama, a fish
Korowawa, a fish
Kotoretore, sea anemone
Kouarea, snapper like a bream
Koukauka, a fish. Syn. with Kahawai
Koura, sea cray fish; it attains a very large size. (Potomobius)
Koura, cray fish found in most fresh water streams; it is about four inches long. In Rotorua lake it attains a length of nearly eight inches.
Kowaitau, a fish. Syn. with Kahawai
Kowiti, a fish
Kuai, a fish
Kumu, a fish. (Trigla Papilionacea)
Kumukumu, a red fish; it derives its name from grunting like a pig. (Trigla Papilionacea)
Kungongingongi, a fish, Syn with Kahawai
Kuparu, a fish. (Pagrus latus)
Kuruhunga, a fish
Mahoa, a fish. (Platessa Scapha)
Makawito, a small sea fish like the herring. Syn. with the Auture
Mako, a shark peculiar to this latitude, teeth prized as ear ornaments
Manga, a long beautiful fish with few scales; the Baracoota
Mangonui, pike-headed or black physeter whale
Mango, shark
Mangopare, hammer-headed shark
Maomao, a fish
Marari, like a mackarel
Maratea, a fish
Maru, a small fish found in tidal rivers
Maru, a very small sea fish
Mata, a red fish
Matawa, a large sea fish larger than the shark
Mimiha, black whale
Mohi, a sea fish found at Kapiti
Mohiaru, a fish. Fam. Discoboli. (Lepadogastus pinnulatus)
Moki, a fine sea fish. (Latris ciliaris)
Nauhuri, a small fresh water fish
Ngaiore, a small fresh water fish
Ngakoikoi, a fish
Ngauri, a small fresh water fish
Ngehe, a rock fish; curiously spotted white and brown
Ngehi, a fish
Ngoetoeto, species of eel
Ngoiro, conger eel. Syn. with Koiro
Ngohengohe, a fish. Syn. with Pangohengohe
Ngohiwe, species of eel
Ngu, a sea fish; the squid
Ngutukao, a fish
Oke, species of shark
Orea, species of eel
Oru, large stingaree
Paewai, large eel
Pakake, black whale
Pakaurua, stingy ray; the wound inflicted by this fish is frequently mortal. Puhi a Taupo chief was killed by a stingy ray. (Raia rostrata)
Pakirikiri like a perch or a haddock
Pakurakura, a fish
Pangarangara, a fish
Pangoengoe, a fresh water fish, 4 to 8 inches long; scaleless. Syn. with Papangoko
Pangohengohe, a scaleless fish 6 inches long
Pangoungou, a fish
Papaka, a fish found at Putiki; a crab
Papaka crab; there are two kinds, both very small
Papaki, kind of cat fish having two curious projectors like feet, and the ventral fins united
Papana, a fish
Papangoke, a fresh water fish 4 to 8 inches long; scaleless. Syn. with Pangoengoe
Parae, a fish
Parake, a fish. Syn. with Takeke
Parakoko, a fish Syn. with Takeke
Parakoko, a fish
Paratohe, a sea fish
Paratuna, a fish. Syn. with Kokopu
Paraua, sperm whale
Parekirikiri, a fish. (Labrus pæcilopleura)
Parera, a fish
Parikou, species of eel
Parohea, a small fish
Parore, a fish
Paru, a fish
Patangatanga, a red fish
Patiki, a flat fish found in the rivers. (Rhombus plebeius)
Pawerawera, a beautiful red fish with streaks
Pihapiharau, a lamprey which ascends the rivers from the sea to their source; it has no bones, but an ugly head, which enlarges as it recedes from the sea, when it attains three times its natural size; it is much esteemed; eats like the sardine; its mouth like a leech, but has teeth
Piharau, lamprey. Syn. with Pihapiharau
Pikitara, species of eel
Piokeoke, small shark
Puhaiao, small fish spotted white and red
Puhanga, eel
Puhi, species of eel
Puhikorokoro, species of eel
Pura, a fish
Puraruraru, red fish streaked with spines on the back and gills; it is not eaten
Putaiore, small eel
Puwaiau, a fish. Syn. with Kumukumu
Rari, a fish
Rarihi, a fish. Syn. with Aihe
Raukura, a fish
Rarihi, a fish. Syn. with Aihe
Raukura, a fish
Raumarie, a beautiful fish shaped like a mackarel
Rawaru, a fish. Syn. with Hapuku and Pakirikiri; also a large Kokopu
Repo, stingaree
Reremai, shark
Rerepari, cray fish; the crab
Ringatawaka, eel
Roha, stingaree
Roroai, a fresh water fish
Rota, a fish
Ruahine, large eel
Tahimaro, large eel
Tahimaro, large eel
Taiharakeke, red eel found at the roots of flax
Takeke, a small fresh water fish
Takeke, a fish. Syn. with Tikiheme
Takeke, smelt; a sea fish frequenting rivers; very small. Syn. with Awa.
Takeketonga, unicorn fish
Takiekie, eel
Tamure, snapper; like a bream. Syn. with Kouarea
Tarao, scaleless fish as large as the Kahawai. Syn. with Kokopu
Tarau, a fish. Syn. with Tarao
Tarekihi, a beautiful flat silvery fish with a black spot on the back
Tatera, a fish. Syn. with Ururoa
Tauwauwau, a fish
Tawaka, fish like a shark
Tawatawa, mackarel
Tawatawa, a fish. Syn. with Tawatawa
Tikihemi, scaleless fish 4 in. long; full of oil, much prized. Syn. with Ihe and Takeke
Timaariki, small eel
Tohitohi, a sea fish
Tohora, black whale
Tohoroa, black whale
Toiki, species of shark
Toke, a fish
Torere, small kind of stingy ray
Torewai, fresh water fish
Toruhi, a fish
Totoke, a fish
Totorongu, a small fish found in tidal rivers
Tuatina, a fish. Syn. with Ururoa.
Tuaweta, a variety of the Inanga
Tuna, eel; found two yards long, and as thick as a man's thigh; it is then called Ruahine
Tuoro, large headed eel; it is said to attack man
Tupoupou, porpoise
Tutuira, small stingaree
Uoro, eel
Upokohue, porpoise; like a small whale
Upokororo, scaly fish; 1 ½ ft. long; like a kahawai
Ururoa, species of shark; 8 ft. long; very voracious
Waerau, cray fish
Wai, stingaree
Waiaua, a fish. Syn. with Upokohue
Waiehu, a fish
Waikeo, a fish
Waingenge, shark
Wairepo, stingaree
Wakatupua, a fish
Wakawaiata a fish
Wapuku, cod. Syn. with Hako.
Warawara, black whale
Warehenga, a fish found at Kapiti
Warehou, a highly prized sea fish which attains a length of two feet, and breadth of eighteen inches. Syn. with Warehenga.
Warepu, species of shark
Wareware, a fish
Wariwari, a fish. Syn. with Takeke
Weke, a sea fish of Taranaki.
Shells.
Pipi,
general name for Bivalves
Pupu,
general name for Univalves
Anga, cockle shell
Angarite, a shell fish. Syn. with Kokota
Eneni, largest New Zealand trochus
Hahari, a shell fish
Hauru, a shell fish
Hinangi, cockle. Syn. with Pipi
Huai, a shell fish
Huamutu, a shell fish
Hunangi, bivalve
Hururoa, a shell fish
Huwai, white cockle
Kaeo, a shell fish
Kahitua, a shell fish
Kaikaikaroro, triangular shaped bivalve
Kainga, small bivalve; the Wanganui Pipi
Kakahi, a shell fish. Syn. with Karo
Kakara, a shell fish
Karahue, a shell fish
Karangaungau, a shell fish
Karikawa, a sea shell
Karo, fresh water muscle. (Unio)
Karoro, a shell fish
Kawari, a shell fish
Kina, sea egg. (Echinus)
Kiwi, nanina
Kokota, a shell fish. (Pinna)
Kokota, a cockle
Kokuta, large flat white shell fish; bivalve
Koramu, helix; sea shell
Kororiwa, a shell fish
Kota, cockle shell
Kotawatawa, a shell fish
Koura, sea cray fish. (Palinurus)
Kuakua, pecten
Kuku, large sea muscle, sometimes 10 in. long.
Kukuku, a shell fish
Kukupara, small sea muscle
Kupa, pinna
Kutai, muscle
Kuwaru, a shell fish
Maikukukarewarewa, a shell fish
Makoi, cockle shell
Makui, cockle shell
Mangopare, a shell fish
Mitimiti, small trochus
Mokamoka, small snail shell
Ngaingai, a shell fish
Ngakahi, limpet
Ngakihi, limpet
Ngaongao, a shell fish
Ngarahutaua, a shell fish
Ngaruru, large trochus
Ngengeti, a shell fish
Ngoronga, a shell fish
Onareroa, Pollia lincolata fusus; the throat is grooved
Papa, mutton fish. (Haliotis)
Patara, a shell fish
Patiotio, a shell fish
Pawa, mutton fish. (Haliotis)
Peraro, a shell fish
Pipi, venus intermedia
Pipi, cockle; mesodesma chemnitzii. Syn. with Popoti
Piwara, pecten. Syn. with Kuakua
Popoti, cockle
Porohe, large muscle
Poue, a shell fish
Pupuwaharoa, bulla
Pungorungoru, general name for spunges
Pupu, helix
Pupukarikawa, a fresh water shell
Pupurangi, a shell fish
Purewa, fresh water muscle
Purewa, small muscle
Rehoreho, a shell fish
Takai, struthio laria vermis
Tanitani, flat ribbed bivalve
Tarawera, a shell fish
Tawiri, ribbed univalve
Tihi, Taranaki, beautiful trochus
Tio, oyster; at the full and change of the moon for three days they are said to be fatter and finer than at other times. (Patella.)
Tipa, a shell fish
Titiko, a shell fish
Toheroa, a shell fish
Toimanga, large bivalve; Amphidesma
Toretore, muscle. Syn. with Kuku
Toriwai, muscle. Syn. with Karo
Totokea, a shell fish
Totoreka, a shell fish
Totorere. Fam. Struthiolarioe
Tuatua, a shell fish
Tungangi, a shell fish
Turionge, kind of cockle
Ururoa, a shell fish
Uwere, white cockle
Wahawaha, a shell fish. Syn. with Ururoa.
Trees.
Rakau,
general name for all trees.
Ake, hardest New Zealand wood. Ord, Sapindaccæ. Syn. with Akerautangi (Dodonæa spathulata)
Akeake, a hard wood tree
Akepiro. Ord. Asteroidaceæ (Hoxtonia furfuracea)
Akerautangi, a tree
Angiangi, a tree
Aute, paper-mulberry. (Broussonetia papyrifera)
Emiemi, a tree
Hangehange, a tree; the bark used as a black dye. (Dicera dentata)
Hohere, a tree. (Hoheria propulnea)
Hohoeka. Syn. with Horoeka
Horoeka, a small tree with a remarkable long narrow leaf. (Aralia crassifolia)
Horope, a tree having a fragrant smell
Hou kumera. Syn. with Warangi
Houhi, a tree. Syn. with Hohere
Hutu kaua. Syn. with Pohutukawa
Kahika, a tree. (Podocarpus excelsus.)
Kahikaieka, a tree resembling the Pohutukawa, bearing a red flower, but grows inland
Kahikatea, pine; the wood white, light, and perishable if exposed to weather. Syn. with Katea and Kahika. (Tremperus or Dacrydium excelsum)
Kahikatoa, a tree. Syn. with Kaoa and Manuka. (Leptospermum scoparium)
Ka—i, pine tree
Kaikaro, turpentine tree
Kaikomako, a tree
Kaiwiri, a tree
Kapu, a variety of the Ti tree, having a very large and broad leaf
Karaka, a tree; the natives affirma this tree was brought by their ancestors from Hawaiki. Ord. Myrsinacea. (Corynocarpus lævigata.)
Karamea, a tree; its fruit the size of an orange; its juice being a bright red; native of the East Cape. (Native report)
Karamu, a tree. Ord. Cinchonaceæ. (Coprosma lucida)
Karangu, a tree
Karo, a tree
Katea, a tree. Syn. with Kahikatea
Katoa, a tree. Syn. with Kahikatoa
Kauere, a tree. Syn. with Puriri
Kauri, the monarch of the New Zealand forest; produces much resin. (Damaria Australis or Pinus Kauri)
Kawaka, pine tree. (Dacrydium plumosum)
Koaka, pine growing near Tongariro, which is described as being equally durable with the Totara.
Koakoa, a tree
Koare, a tree
Koeka. Syn. with Hohoeka and Horoaka
Kohekohe, a tree. (Laurus Kohekohe)
Kohekohe, a tree; leaves bitter; used medicinally; wood red; the New Zealand mahogany or cedar; the flowers spring from the sides of the stem; very fragrant. Ord. Meliaceæ. (Hartighsea spectabilis)
Kohukohu, a tree having a resinous smell. Syn. with Tawiri.(Pittosporum Tenuifolium)
Kohutuhutu, a tree; fruit edible; flowers, some purple, some green
Kohutukutuku, a tree. Syn. with Kohutuhutu
Koroi, a tree. Syn with Kahikatea
Kotaratara, a tree
Kopi. Syn. with Karaka
Kotukutuku, a tree. Syn. with Kohutuhutu and Kohutukutuku. I whea koe i te tahuritanga o te rau o te Kotukutuku
Kouka, a tree. Syn. with Ti and Wanake
Kowai, acacia bearing a yellow flower. (Edwardsia microphylla)
Kowiwirau, a sweet smelling leafed tree
Mahoe, a tree. (Melicytus ramiflorus)
Mahoewao, a tree
Mai, pine. Syn. with Matai
Maire, a tree; sandal wood family. (Mira salicifolia)
Mairetawake, a tree. (Eugenia Maire)
Makamaka, a tree. Ord. Cunoniaceæ. (Ackama rosæfolia)
Mako, a tree; the bark used as a black dye
Makomako, a tree. (Friesia racemosa)
Manawa, mangrove. Ord. Myoporinaceæ. (Aricennia tormentosa.) The mangrove swamps are peculiar to the Northern part of the island.
Mangiao, a tree; the ash of this country
Manuka. Syn. with Kahikatoa
Mapau, a tree. Syn. with Tipau.
Matai, pine. Syn. with Mai. (Taxus matai)
Matipo, an ornamental tree; like the Takaka
Matipoa, a tree containing turpentine
Maukoro, a tree. Ord. Leguminaceæ. (Carmichaelia Australis)
Miko, a tree. Syn. with Nikau
Mingi, a tree. (Cyathodes acerosa)
Miro, pine; the fruit is like
(Podocarpus ferruginea)
Neinei, a tree. (Dracophyllum latifolium)
Ngaio, a tree growing in the vicinity of the sea. (Myoporum lætum)
Nikau, native palm tree. (Areca sapida)
Ohoeka, a tree. Syn. with Horoeka
Ongaonga, an elegant tree; a species of lime; said by the natives to be a nettle when young
Papa, a tree
Patate, a tree
Pate, a tree. (Arelia schlefflera)
Patete, a tree with a palmated leaf; it bears bunches of purple berries from which ink is made
Pohutukawa, grows near the sea; bears a beautiful red flower; wood hard and red (Callistemon ellipticus)
Ponga, a pithy wood. (Cyathea medullara or dealbata)
Poporokaiwiri, a tree. (Hedycaria scabra)
Poutakaua, a tree. (Metros)
Puka, a tree. (Polygonum Australe.) A variety of the Manuka
Pukapuka, a tree. (Brachyglottis repanda)
Pukatea, a tree. (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ)
Pukerangiora, a tree. Syn. with Rangiora
Puriri, a tree; the New Zealand teak; the most durable of all the timber trees in this country; it is not found South of New Plymouth. Syn. with Kauere. (Vitex littoralis)
Rakapika, a tree. (Metrosideros florida)
Raki, a small tree. bearing a black flower
Ramarama, a tree. (Myrtus bullata)
Rani, a tree. (Brachyglottis Rani)
Rangiora, a tree with a large leaf, white underneath
Rata, a tree; at first a climber; it throws out aerial roots; clasps the tree it clings to, and finally kills it, becoming a large tree. (Metrosideros robusta.) Proverb—Na te moa i takai te Rata ka piko ka tupu ake ano te komatatiki o te Rata. A hard but not durable wood
Raurekau, a tree
Rewarewa, a tree. (Knightia excelsa)
Rimu, pine. (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Rohutu, a tree
Rororo, young maire tree
Tanekaha, pine. Syn. with
(Podocarpus asplenifolius or Phyllocladus Trichomanoides)
Tanoeo, a tree. (Laurus caliearis)
Taraire, a tree (Laurus macrophylla)
Taraiti, a tree
Tarata, a tree producing turpentine. (Pittosporum crassifolium)
Tataka, a tree producing turpentine
Taua, a tree. (Laurus Taua)
Tawai, beech tree
Tawaiwai, a tree. Syn. with Tanekaha
Tawero, a tree. Syn. with Towai. (Leiospermum racemosum)
Tawiri, a tree. Syn. with Kohuhu
Ti, grass tree; when young the root is baked and eaten, is very sweet; it is then called mauku. Syn. with Kouka. Ord. Asphodelaceæ. (Cordyline Australis. Dacedra)
Tingahere, forest grass tree (Cordyline stricta)
Tipau, a tree. Syn. with Mapau. (Myrsine Urvilliæ)
Titoki, a beautiful tree; bears its seed, a black berry surrounded by a red pulp; oil extracted from the seed. Syn. with Titongi. (Alectryon excelsum)
Titongi, a tree. Syn. with Titoki
Toatoa, pine growing in the interior; the bark used by the natives as a brown dye
Toi, a tree like the Ti, the fibre of which is remarkably strong and durable; the root is eaten, and when baked it is called ‘Kauru’
Toro, a tree. (Drimys axillaris)
Toru, a tree. Bay of Islands. (Persoonia Toru)
Totara, pine; its timber the most durable of all the New Zealand pines. (Taxus.)
Totera, a tree. (Fuchsia procumbens)
Towai, a tree. Syn. with Tawero
Tuhuhi, a tree producing a bright berry agreebly acid; the bark and wood producing a blue black dye
Tuputupu, mangrove
Wakou, a tree producing a blue dye
Wanake, a tree. Syn. with Ti
Warangi, a tree bearing a large broad leaf; white. (Melieope ternata)
Warangipiro, a tree. Syn. with Warangi
Wau, a tree. Ord. Tiliaceæ (Entelia arborescens)
Waupaku, a beautiful Aralia (Panax arboreum)
Wautaka, a tree bearing seed like the elder.
Wauwau, a tree
Wauwaupaku, a tree. Syn. with Waupaku
Wauwi, a tree
Wawakau, a tree.
Ferns.
Aruhe, the root of the Rarauhe, which is eaten. (Pteris esculenta)
Hapunga, fern tree
Hiaue, creeping lycopodium
Huruhuru-wenua. (Asplenium lucidum)
Kiokio, polypodium
Kopakopa, epiphytical fern bearing a beautiful round leaf. (Tricomanes)
Korau, edible fern tree; pulp eaten. Syn. with Pitau and Mamaku. (Cyathea medullaris)
Kowarawara,
Kurakura, small kind of lycopodium
Maerere, small leafed fern. Te matua aruhe
Makaka, lady's hair. (Adianthum)
Mamaku, fern tree. Syn. with Korau.
Mangemange, creeping fern. (Lygodium articulatum)
Mokimoki, long leafed low fern
Mouku, edible fern; having a long slender leaf. Syn. with Paratawito, &c.
Ngutu - Kakariki, parrot's bill fern; so called by the natives from the resemblance its foot stalk bears to the parrot; a beautiful plume-like fern
Panaka, a fern. (Asplenium)
Paratawiti, edible fern. Syn. with Mouku
Paretau, large leafed fern. (Asplenium)
Pehiakura, species of fern
Peka, fern
Penako, edible fern. Syn. with Mouku
Pitau, edible fern tree. Syn. with Korau
Ponga, fern tree. (Cyathea dealbata or medullara)
Puaka-rimu, the tree lycopodium
Pukuotuki, fern
Rahurahu, fern plant
Raorao, common edible fern. (Pteris esculenta)
Rarahu, fern
Rarauhe, common fern. Syn. with Raorao
Rauaruhe, fern leaves
Raumanga, broad leafed fern (Polypodium)
Tapui-kotuku, creeping lycopodium
Tarakupenga, creeping lycopodium
Tarawera rarauhe
Taropara edible fern. Syn. with Mouku
Ti Taranaki, fern growing in the plains, having its fructification on a separate stalk; the whole is eaten
Tawatawa, adianthum
Tote, fern tree. Syn. with Ponga
Tuakura, fern tree. Syn. with Tukura
Tuakura, fern tree growing chiefly in swamps and by the side of streams. (Dicksonia squamosa)
Tukura, fern tree. Syn. with Tuakura
Tupari, fern
Uwipara, edible fern; the root, which separates into scales, is eaten; the leaf is very long; it is extremely rare. Syn. with Mouku.
Warengarenga, fern
Weki, fern tree. Syn. with Tuakura.
Shrubs.
Aki, a shrub. (Metrosideros buxifolia)
Amiami, a sweet smelling shrub
Emiemi, a beautiful species of Aralia growing on the Wanganui
Hangehange, a shrub. (Geniostoma ligustrifolium)
Hohoeka, a shrub
Horoeka, a shrub with curious long narrow leaves; wood hard
Horopito, a shrub; a pepper. (Drimys axillaris)
Hupiro, a shrub having a very fætid smell; growing in the interior near Taupo
Huruhuruwenua, a shrub
Kaikomoko, a small shrub
Kakariki, a shrub
Karamu, a shrub. (Coprosma.) The New Zealand coffee
Kawakawa, Cava of the islands; leaves and fruit used as medicine for the toothache. (Piper excelsus.) Proverb—Eaha te tohu o te Ringaringa he kawakawa
Koheuheu, a shrub. Syn. with Poroporo
Kohoho, a shrub. (Solanum laciniatum)
Kohoihoi, a shrub. Syn. with Poroporo
Kohuhu, a shrub
Kokihi, a shrub with red berries
Kokimiki, a shrub, same as the Kokoroiko. (Veronica salicifolia) [nica)
Kokomuka, a shrub. (Vero-
Kokoroiko, a shrub; the dry branches when burnt have a greasy appearance; hence the native saying—Te rakaui tunua ai te moa
Kokoromiko, a shrub. Syn. with Kokomiko
Kokotaiko, a shrub bearing a dark pink trumpet flower
Kopeka, a shrub; long narrow leaves
Koroika, a shrub. Syn. with Kokoroiko
Korokiataranga, a shrub. (Korokia buddlæoides)
Korokio, a shrub. Syn. with Kokomuka
Koromike, a shrub. Syn. with Kokoroiko [trifolia)
Koromiko. (Veronica ligus-
Korimiko Tongariro, a shrub bearing a beautiful pink flower; an Aralia
Koropuka, a prickly shrub bearing a white berry. Taupo
Kowaingutukaka, parrot's bill acacia; a beautiful scarlet flowering shrub. (Clianthus puniceus)
Kumarahou, a shrub bearing a yellow flower. Ord. Rhamnaceæ. (Pomaderris Kumarahou)
Mahimahi, a sweet scented shrub
Makaka, a kind of broom bearing a small white pencilled pea flower
Makaka, a shrub
Manuka, a shrub. (Leptospermum ericoides)
Matata, a shrub bearing a beautiful orange like flower
Maukoro, a shrub. Syn. with Makaka
Monoai, a Taupo shrub having pink shaped leaves; an Aralia; flower red. Ki te mea ka tahuna i te ahi ka ua
Napuka, a shrub six feet high, bears a blue flower. Ord. Scrophularinaceæ. (Veronica speciosa)
Ngaupata, a large shrub like the Karamu
Peoi, a shrub. (Solanum)
Poporo, a shrub. (Solanum laciniatum)
Poroporo. Syn. with Poporo
Puhou, a shrub. Syn. with Tutu, &c.
Pukerangiora, a shrub. Syn. with Warangi
Rakapika, a shrub. (Metrosideros florida)
Raorao, heath; bears a white berry [coides)
Rawiri, (Leptospermum eri-
Reua, a shrub
Tatara, a shrub
Tauhinu, a shrub. Ord. Rhamnaceæ
Tauhinukorokiu, a shrub
Tauhinukoromiko, a shrub
Taweku, a shrub. Syn. with Tutu
Tipore, a shrub
Toretore, a graceful shrub with orange flowers
Tumatakura, a low thorny bush
Tumi
Tumingi, a Tongariro shrub having small thick leaves, white underneath
Tupakihi, a shrub. Syn. with Tutu
Tutu, a fruit bearing shrub; fruit hanging in bunches like the currant; the juice drank, but the seeds and leaves highly poisonous to man and beast; it produces a black dye, also a red. (Coriaria sarmentosa)
Upirau-ririki, a small leafed bush bearing red berries
Waiuatua; grows in the woods and bears an organe coloured flower. (Rhabdothamnus solandri)
Warangi, a broad leafed shrub. (Melicope ternata)
Flowers, Plants, &c.
Puwha,
general name for all leaves of plants which are used as vegetables.
Aoanga, variegated flax
Ate, flax requiring to be scraped with a shell
Emiemi, a plant growing in the woods
Eruerueka, pig's ear or Mesembryanthemum
Hanea, large cress growing on the edge of rivers
Hangoangoa, a plant
Harakeke, notiveflax. (Phormium Tenax.) Ekore e ngaro e mimimonga nui harakeke tomai no roto no waiwiriara
Heruna. (Polygonum ad-
Hioi, a plant [pressum)
Horokio, a plant
Huruhuruwenua, a plant. (Asplenium lucidium)
Hutiwai, burr
Kahakaha, a plant
Kaiarurerure, butter cup
Kaikaiarure, butter cup
Kaikaiatua, a plant. (Rabdothamnus solandri. Pimelia virgara.)
Kawariki, a plant
Kohiriki, cowitch. Ord. Senecionideæ)
Kohukohu, chickweed
Kohukohu. Ord. Amaranthaceæ. (Miniarum biflorum)
Kohunga, fine kind of flax
Kokoiko, a small plant like the Heliotrope
Kokota, minute willow plant (Epilobium minuta)
Konini, solanum
Kopakopa, ribbed grass. (Plantain)
Kopata, fennel; growing on the interior plains
Korari, native flax. Syn. with Harakeke
Korikori, species of ranunculus; buttercup
Koropuku, a plant bearing a red berry resembling a cranberry
Koru, a beautiful blue and white flower; slavia
Kowaikura, large buttercup
Kowarawara, epiphyte. (Astelia Banksii)
Kowitiwiti, watercress
Kukuta, a fresh water weed growing in the lake at Horowenua; hollow jointed; Equisetum
Kutakuta, a pretty white flower
Kutakutawai, burr. Syn. with Piripiri
Kuweo, a prickly plant. Syn. with Papai
Mahimahi, a plant
Mahua, a plant
Maikaika, orchis; the general name for the Orchis. (Thelymytra Forsteri. Orthoceras strictum microtis Banksii)
Makaka, a plant growing in pools
Marowarakihi, a plant; native lily. Syn. with Rengarenga. (Arthropodium cirrhatum)
Maru, a plant growing in pools
Matuakumara, a plant. (Geranium)
Maukauku, a plant
Mauku, a plant
Mingi. Ord. Epacrideceæ. (Cyathodes acerosa)
Nahinahi, a plant. Syn. with Panahi
Nahui. Ord. Amaranthaceæ (Alternanthera denticulata)
Nakinaki, a plant
Naupiro, a plant
Neine, a beautiful flowering shrub up the Wanganui
Nene. (Draceophyllum latifolium)
Ngau, cress; growing like the wallflower
Ongaonga, nettle. (Urtica)
Otea, sowthistle. Syn. with Puwa
Oue, fine kind of flax
Ouhe, flax plant
Outatoranga. Ord. Thymelaceæ. (Pimelia arenaria)
Panahi, convolvulus. (Calystegia soldanella)
Panapana, small cress
Panara, Taupo primrose
Papai, a prickly plant; Taramea. Syn. with Kuweo
Papataniwaniwa, a plant like daisy. Ord. Asteroidaceæ. (Lagenophora Forsteri)
Paraihia, a diminutive kind of spinach with a very dark leaf
Parataniwa. Ord. Ortocarpaceæ. (Elatostemna rugosa)
Pareke, sowthistle [ago)
Parerarera, a plant. (Plant-
Paritaniwa, fine kind of flax
Patotara, a diminutive plant bearing a small white flower very fragrant; like heath
Pekawani, a weed
Pekepeke, Taupo daisy
Pekepeke, a white everlasting
Pepepe, a plant
Piahaere, a plant
Pikopiko, a plant
Pinaihere, a native carrot. (Taupo)
Pingau, a plant
Piraurau, a little low plant. Syn. with Tarakupenga
Piripiri, a plant. (Eoniocarpus tetragynus)
Piripiriwata, a plant. Ord. Rhamnaceæ. (Carpodetus serratus)
Piupiu, a plant
Pohua, convolvulus
Poipapa. (Chenopodium triandrum)
Porewarewa, crane's bill geranium
Porokaiwiri. (Hedycaria dentata)
Poroporo, an edible night shade; the natives eat the leaves both fresh and cooked; flower white
Pororua. Syn. with Pareke. Sowthistle
Puarere, cress
Puatea, a white leafed weed. Syn. with Pukatea. (Enaphalium)
Puatea, fine yellow daisy; a common weed with a white leaf
Puka. (Polygonum Australe)
Pukatea, a white leafed weed Syn. with Puatea
Punaioro, a plant
Punaketere, wild carrot. Syn. with Runaruna
Putoa, a plant
Puwa, sowthistle. Syn. with Otea
Rahoraho, a little low plant. Syn. with Tarakupenga
Rarau, a plant
Ratawa, fine kind of flax
Raukawa, a plant
Raumoa, flax; requiring to be scraped with a shell
Raupeti, solanum. Syn. with Remuroa
Remuroa, solanum
Rengarenga, New Zealand spinach
Rengarenga, a plant. (Arthropodium cirrhatum)
Rerehape, fine kind of flax
Retireti, sorrel. Syn. with Tutaikahu. (Oxalis urvillei)
Returetu, a water plant
Rimuroa, a kind of campanula; also a cress
Ririwa, flox; bearing a white flower of a shrubby character; growing about two feet high; a linum
Ririwaka, a plant
Roneu, peppermint
Runa, common name for dock
Runaruna, wild carrot. Syn. with Punaketere
Taihinu, a beautiful white flower of Taupo
Taniwaniwa, Taupo fennel
Tarakupenga, a little low plant bearing a blue transparent berry; it grows on the sand hills
Taramea, a prickly plant with a palm shaped leaf; also a prickly shrub. Taku he piripiri taku hei mokemoke taku kati taramea i hara mai ai e i runga te angai
Tarariki, flax plant
Tarawera, a plant
Taretu, a plant like a coarse grass, bearing blue berries
Tauwau, euphorbium
Tawara, watercress
Tihauora, a plant
Tikupenga, a plant. (Cordyline stricta)
Ti Taranaki, a plant
Tihore, best flax plant
Toatoa, a weed. (Cereodia erecta)
Toi, white star flower like a Campanula; a linum
Toitako, kind of dandelion
Totara, a diminutive plant. Syn. with Patotara; also the name of a sorrel
Totaratara, a diminutive shrub, like a heath, bearing a small white flower without scent
Tukorehu, a plant. (Plantago)
Tupapa, native daisy. (Lagenophora Forsteri)
Turepo, a little plant growing in swamps, having a black leaf and red fruit
Turuki, a red flag leafed plant growing in the grassy plains, bearing a beautiful white three leafed flower
Turutu, a plant. Ord. Asphodelacæ. (Dianella intermedia)
Tutaikahu, sorrel. Syn. with Retireti. (Oxalis urvillei)
Tutaikaka, sorrel. Syn. with Tutaikahu
Tutaiwioe, scarlet flowering burr of the interior
Tutunawai, persecaria
Tutunahua. (Polygonum prostratum)
Uhi, name of a yam and of a winter potatoe
Uhiroa, a variety of the flax plant
Waekahu, a plant. (Lycopodium)
Waewaekaka, ground ivy. (Eleichenia hecystophylla)
Waikaua, sowthistle
Wara, a plant
Waranui, flax plant
Warariki, flax plant
Wararipi, coarse flax
Wenewene, gourd
Werewerekokako, buttercup
Weuwea, chickweed. Syn. with Kohukohu.
Creeping, Climbing Plants, Epiphites and Parasites.
Aka, a creeper bearing a beautiful red flower. (Metrosideros buxifolia)
Akakiore, a creeper
Akakongohe, a creeper
Akakura, a creeper
Akatea, a creeper
Kareao, a climbing shrub; the supple-jack. (Ripogonum parviflorum)
Kareao, misletoe bearing a white slimy berry; growing on the Tataku. Ord. Lorantheæ
Kiekie, a plant producing an edible flower and fruit. Syn. with Tawera, &c. Ord. Pandanaceæ. (Freycinetia Banksii)
Kohe, a climbing plant. Syn. with Kohia
Kohia, a climbing plant. (Passiflora tetrandra)
Kohurangi, a parasitical plant
Kotukatuka, vine producing a fruit full of juce like the Tupakihi
Kowarawara, a parasitical broad leafed grass growing ing in tufts on trees bearing an edible berry in bunches
Kowia, passion flower; colour green and orange; small fragrant fruit size of a large nut. Syn. with Kohia
Makaka, a climber
Mangemange, creeping fern, having a woody pliant stem; used in making eel baskets; very durable. (Lygodium articulatum)
Mawai, New Zealand byrony Ord. Cucurbitaceæ. (Sicyos Australis)
Mawai, a creeping plant resembling the cucumber in its leaf. (Sicyos Australis)
Omoomo, melon
Panahi, (Calystegia soldanella)
Patangatanga, flower white or tinged with purple. (Freycenetia Banksii) Syn. with Kiekie
Pikiarero, clematis bearing a large white flower
Pipiarero, a creeper
Pirikahu. Ord. Rosaceæ. (Acæna sanguisorbæ)
Piripiri. Syn. with Pirikahu
Pirita, misletoe. Syn. with Kareao
Pirori, a plant. Syn. with Kiekie
Pohuehue, a creeper. (Polygonum complexum)
Pohuehue, a creeper; the convolvolus sepium of Linnaeus. (Calystegia sepium)
Popohue, a climber. Syn. with Makaka
Powenua, a climbing plant
Powiriwiri, a creeper with green flowers
Powiwi, passion flower. Syn. with Kowia
Puatataua, clematis with a small green fragrant flower
Puawananga, a climber
Puawananga, clematis bearing a white scentless flower
Puka, a parasitical plant; a misletoe
Putawiwi, a creeper. (Parkinsonia)
Puwara, parasite
Taihinu, a creeping plant with white flowers
Taraheke, a creeper
Tataramoa, a climber; the bramble; a rasp. Ord. Rosaceae. (Rubus Australis)
Tawara, a plant. Syn. with Kiekie
Tirauriki, parasite. Ord. Lorantheae. (Viscum antarcticum)
Torotoro, a creeper Syn. Aka
Torotoro, a creeper used in tying up fencing
Ureure, a plant. Syn. with Kiekie
Wakapiopio, a creeper. Syn. with Aka
Wakarengarenga, parasitical plant
Wakatangitangi, a creeper. (Metrosideros.)
Grasses.
Tarutaru,
general name for all grasses.
Kakaho, tall grass or reed; the stem used in place of reeds in lining houses. (Arundo Australis)
Kapokapowai
Karetu, a grass smelling like the sweet vernal. (Torresia redolens)
Karito, species of flag
Kopupungawa, bulrush
Kowangatara, a grass growing near the sea side, sending out long shoots among the sand hills
Mata, a coarse grass bearing a thin reed; used for thatching
Mauti, a grass. Kia whena tou kainga tupuria ana e te mauti
Moku, a grass
Ngawa, bulrush. Syn. with Kopupungawa
Otaota, grass. Ekore e horo te opiopi o te Otaota
Papa, a grass
Parakerake, fine grass. Taupo
Patiti, a grass
Piahaere, Canary grass
Pihi, a grass
Pingao, a coarse grass growing on sand banks near the sea (Epacris)
Pouaka, a fine grass, growing in great abundance at Kapiti, nearly resembling the meadow fescue, having a strong disagreeable smell
Puapuatea, a grass; like goose grass
Pureirei, tuft of grass growing in a swamp
Raupo, flag used in building houses. (Typha angustifolia)
Taramaro, a grass
Tarutaru, a grass
Toekiwi, a grass
Toetoe, a coarse cutting grass. (Epacris panciflora)
Toetoe. Ord. Lyperaceæ. (Lepidosperma elatior)
Toetoenatepakau, a grass used in making kites
Toetoekakapo, another variety
Toetoepainangamoho, a grass
Toetoetahae, a grass
Toetoewatumanu, a grass
Tupari, a broad flag-leaved grass, like the flax
Turutu, a reed; used in making baskets
Tutaikuri, a swamp grass; a native couch
Warariki, a kind of flag growing like the Korari, with a broad leaf
Wi, fine grass. Taupo
Wiwi, rush.
Sea Weed.
Rimu,
general name for sea weed.
Karengo, a green sea weed, edible
Koiri, a sea weed, like beads, edible
Kopukohu, a sea weed
Kohukohu o te moana, a sea weed
Koukou, a sea weed
Ngu, a gelatinous fish; the food of the Tamure
Ongaonga, a sea weed; a Medusa which stings
Papataura, a sponge
Potipoti, Portuguese man-of-war. Syn. with Ongaonga
Pungoungou, a sponge
Rimu, a sea weed, edible; the natives boil it with the juice of the tutu, which it converts into a thick jelly. (Chondrus crispus.) Syn. with the Carrigeen moss
Rimurapa, a sea weed, edible; the largest kind
Weki, a gelatinous fish; the food of the Tamure.
Mosses, Fungi, And Lichens.
Hakekakeka, an edible fungus, like brown fungus; grows on trees
Harori, a white edible fungus
Haroritui, a fungus on trees
Hawa, a lichen
Hawai, a fungus on trees
Karengo, a slimy plant growing on stones in the water
Karerarera, a slimy plant. Syn. with Karengo
Kohukohu, moss on trees
Kokirikiriwetu, a globular fungus, like a net which bursts out of shell; like a hen's egg
Kopura, a sweet scented moss
Kurakura, a red fungus
Maru, stag's horn moss
Matukutuku, a moss
Okaoka, a fungus
Paheke, a slimy plant. Syn. with Karengo
Pakekakeka, a plant growing on stones in the water
Pakipakitai, a slimy vegetable matter in the sea
Panako, a truffle
Pangu, a fine white fungus growing on the Hutu
Paoke, a fungus growing on the Taua
Papapa, moss
Papataura, a red fungus growing on rocks
Pawa, small lichen
Piritaua, a fungus on trees
Piritaua, a fungus. Syn. with Pangu
Porotaua, a fungus on trees. Syn. with Piritaua
Pukorukoru. Syn. with Kokirikirwetu
Putaua, a fungus growing on the Hutu; used as under
Tikitikiwenua, a toad stool
Tipitipi, a fungus
Waekahu, licopodium
Wairuru, a fungus.
Kumara, Taro, and Potatoes.
Akaaka, root of the potatoe
Anurangi, a variety of the kumara
Aotea, a native potatoe, said to be indigenous
Harikaka, finest kind of kumara
Hiwai, potatoe
Horotai, potatoe; said to be indigenous
Horuhoru, wild turnip
Huamango, potatoe
Hupere, a plant without leaves, bearing a fungus-like flower, producing many tubers at its root, not unlike the Kumara in their form; very sweet and well flavoured
Ipurangi, large kind of taro
Kaikaheka, a variety of the kumara
Kakatupari, a variety of the taro
Kakaunaturi, a variety of the kumara
Kaunaunga, large kind of taro; the best
Keakea, large kind of taro
Keha, turnip
Kepo, early white potatoe
Kopana o Tatairongo, a potatoe; grows amongst the Ngatiruanui only
Kumara, sweet potatoe. (Convolvolus Batatus)
Kurawakapeki, a variety of the kumara
Maehe, a variety of the taro
Mangaro, a mealy potatoe
Manuwenua, a variety of the taro
Monehurangi, a variety of kumara
Mouku
Naho, potatoe
Ngangarangi, potatoe
Ongaonga, light red potatoe
Orotaira, large potatoe
Pakua, a variety of the kumara
Papa, potatoe
Papauia, a variety of the kumara
Parareka, large white potatoe
Parea, kumara, said to be indigenous; propagated by the strings of the root
Paretaua
Pau, potatoe
Penaku
Perei, a plant. Syn. with Hupere
Piakoroa, purple potatoe
Piha, small kumara.
Pokerekahu, black kumara
Pongi, black taro
Poranga, purple sweet potatoe
Puangana, a variety of the kumara
Pungapunga, potatoe
Putawe, large potatoe
Rangiora, a variety of the kumara
Raparaparuru, potatoe. Syn. with Waeruru
Rape, potatoe
Repo, potatoe
Riwai, potatoe
Ropi, potatoe
Tahore, large light red potatoe
Taewa, potatoe
Tangae, a kind of taro
Taore, native potatoe. Syn. with Aotea
Tapapa, potatoe
Taputini, a variety of the kumara
Taro, an esculent plant. (Caladium esculentum)
Tatariongo, red late potatoe
Topatopa, very small kumara
Torowenua, kumara
Tutaiatara, a variety of the kumara
Uwi, winter potatoe
Waeruru, potatoe
Wakahekerangi, kind of taro
Wakarewa, large kind of taro
Stones, Earths, &c.
Kowatu,
general name for all stones.
Wenua,
general name for all earths.
Hamoamoa, clay
Haupapa, ledge of rocks
Hinangakore, green stone
Hinangarewa, green stone
Hinangatuhi, green stone
Hohanga, sandstone. Syn. with Onetai
Hohapa, green stone
Horete, a stone. Syn. with Ngahu
Ihu, swamp mud
Kahurangi, finest kind of green stone, having an opaline glistening look
Kamaka, a rock
Kamuka
Kapiti Kowatu, a stone cliff or precipice
Kapowai, petrified wood
Kara, a basaltic stone
Karakatau, round pebbles; used as shot for pigeons
Kawakawa, green stone
Kawakawaaumoana, green stone
Kawakawarewa, green stone
Kawakawatongarerewa, green stone; very fine
Kawakawawatumu, bad kind of green stone
Keretu, clay
Kerewenua, yellow clay
Kerikeri, gravel
Kiripaka, flint stone
Kokowai, red ochre
Koma, basaltic stone
Kotiatia, a boulder
Kotore, steatite; eaten by the natives when much pressed by famine
Koropungapunga, pumice-stone
Kowatukara, limestone
Kowatukura, a red stone
Kupapahi, pyrites
Kurutai, green whinstone
Kurutongarerewa, green stone
Makahuri, a stone
Makowa, indurated sand
Manatuna, a whinstone
Mata, obsidian
Mataratara. Syn. with Kotiatia
Moa, a layer of stone; iron pyrites; ironstone
Mokehu, a white stone
Nehu, dust
Ngahu, a stone. Syn. with Horete
Nganga, a stone
Ngarahu, charcoal
Ngawa, sulphur
Ohanga
Okehu, pipe-clay rock
Oneone, earth
Oneharuru, good soil, like Taranaki
Onekeretu, stiff clay; same as the soil of Kerikeri and Kaitaia
Onekotai, swampy soil, subject to floods
Onekura, red earth; volcanic table land; Waimate soil
Onemangu, black or bog soil
Onematua, (Fatherland); strong marly valley, alluvial soil
Onepu, sea sand
Onetai. Syn. with Onepu
Onetai, sandstone. Syn. with Hohanga
Onetaipu, sand soil on the banks of rivers; light sandy alluvial loams
Oneware, waxy soil; rich greasy soil
Onoke, pipe-clay rock. Syn. with Okehu
Pahu, a sonorous stone; a bell
Pakeho, limestone
Papa, a ledge of rock
Pararahi, a flat stone
Parataua, green stone; a bad kind
Parau-umu, black soil
Paru, mud
Paru-ma, pipe-clay
Piaronga, iron
Piauau, iron
Pikiki
Piripiriwata, a burr. (Carpodetus serratus)
Pora, iron. Syn. with Piauau
Pounamu, green stone; of which there are kinds; jade
Puehu, dust. Syn. with Nehu
Pungapunga, pumice stone
Pungarehu, ashes
Pungawerawera, brimstone
Pungawera, pumice stone
Rahoto, a scoriaceous stone
Rangitoto, lava
Rino, iron. Syn. with Pora
Tahoata, pumice stone
Tangiwai, green stone
Teko, a soft red stone
Toka, a stone; a rock in the sea
Totoeka, green tone
Tuhua, obsidian
Tungaherehere, green stone; bad
Wanariki, brimstone
Waro, coal
Wi.
Religion.
Aheihei, the rainbow
Aitu, in most of the islands, a spirit; here, a spirit of revenge, satisfaction, atonement
Aitua, an ill omen; a satisfaction for injury
Aniwaniwa, the rainbow. Syn. with Aheihei. Ki te koma te Aniwaniwa ka mate te tangata
Apiti, a curse. Syn. with Kanga
Ariki, a priest of the first rank; the chief priest; the first born; the head of a family or tribe is an Ariki by birth
Atamira, a bed; a coffin; a tomb
Ati, ancient name for God
Atua, a god; a demon; a spirit. Great chiefs say they have an atua in them or different spirit; any destroying cause, as a pestilential wind, epidemic, or disease; a lizard which is supposed to gnaw the entrails of departed men; not formerly known in our sense as a self-existent eternal Being. This term is applied to any moving substance the cause of whose motion is not apparent, as a clock or watch
Atuakikokiko, a spirit taking up its abode in some one's body, and through him,
speaking to those who came to worship or consult him
A wiowio, a whirlwind; this was the way their gods were supposed to manifest themselves to men
A whiro, a deified ancestor
A wipapa, a god
Eiomaki, an offering
Engahu, a praying stone
Haehae, to cut, as with a shell in crying
Haere a wawa, the father of the weka; the native idea is that everything had its own creator, who is styled its ‘father’
Hahu, to remove the bones of the dead
Hahunga, removal of bones; a feast on the same occasion
Hapiro, eating at a sacred spot
Hau, wind; blowing through the hair, a token of the presence of the Deity
Haumia, Te aha haumia, fern root worshipped as a god
Hawepotiki, a great chief killed by Turi
Henga, a god
Hika, to perform a religious service by which people are supposed to be preserved from the evil effects of eating at a sacred spot
Hongi, salute with the nose; this is considered sacred by the New Zealanders; so much so that a chief, whose pa might be attacked, would save himself and tribe by thus saluting his enemy
Horohoronga, a rite to take off the tapu from a new born child; it consists in cooking food in three ovens, one potion being for the Atua, one for the priest, and the other for the parents; a Karakia (prayer) accompanied the offering to the Atua
Horomatua, a priest of the third rank
Horonga, sacred food
Hukere, a god
Hurianga, a god
Hurukakariki, a god
Hurukokoea, a god
Ihenga, a spirit; the god of the Kumara
Irawaru, father of dogs, lizards, rats
Iri, Iro, native baptism
Irirangi, a voice from heaven; a voice from a deity
Kaauwa, a celebrated man
Kahaukura, Kahukura, a deified man
Kaiakarara, a god
Kanga, a curse
Kapua, a deified ancestor
Karakia, a religious service
Karukaru, a god
Kauika, the individual who
placed the seed of fire in the trees; he appears to have been the native Adam
Kauikanui, the son of the above
Kauikaroa, the grandson of do.
Kaukapapa
Kehua, a ghost
Kereru, wood pigeon; originally he came from heaven seeking his sister, A Rupe; when he found her he tangi'd, and then remained on earth; he went on the top of the tawa and after he had fed on its fruit it gave him a hoarseness so that he lost his voice and now can only say ku, ku. Na te ngana o tahuhu a Rupe i tukituki ki runga ki tawa tupapa
Ketu, removing a corpse
Koko tangata
Korongomai, a deified man
Kotemata, a god
Kumara, in going to war they did not eat of the kumara because it was the son of Tiki
Kurihetuna, an offering to Rehua from the sick, if not he died
Maikukumakaka, wife of Tawaki
Maimai, a dance used at Tangi hangas, where those who engage in it put their bodies in peculiar postures and distort their features; it is a slow procession, the parties engaged appear to be stretching out their arms to the spirits of the deceased friends
Mangoikuroa, a sea god
Manu, tapu, matata; a small bird living amongst reeds; was offered as a propitiatory sacrifice in the north; in the south the Koroatiti or Wetito were offered for the same purpose
Marongorongo, a god
Maru, great god of Wanganui; offerings of food were made unto him; if these were omitted he was angry
Marua, a grave
Mata, the natives always offered their first fruits to their gods; they placed a part by itself, and when cooked laid it on a small altar or stage as an offering to their god, this offering was called Mata
Mate, a spirit worshipped at Rangitikei and Manawatu
Mataao, a man said to have turned the world upside down. Te hurianga i Mata ao
Mataika, first killed or taken captive in a fight
Mataiki, this word may be derived from the custom of putting a hair plucked
Matamua, Matua the first and first born, derived from Mata
Mauhika, the person who placed the seeds of fire in the Patate, Kaikomako, Mahohe, Totara, and Puketea; he tried to put them in the Rata, Hinau, Kaikatea, Rimu, Matai, and Miro, but they would not take it
Mawe, the father of the island; he fished up the island, hence the saying:—te hi o Mawe; his sons were Tangaroa, Tane, Irawaru, Ngarangihore, and Ru
Mere, green stoneimplement, about 8 inches long; an emblem of rank; the sceptre of the New Zealand chief; highly prized; it is used as an instrument of war, especially for cleaving the skulls of the captured; also formerly used for the purpose mentioned, Deut. 23, 13
Mititoto, a god
Moehewa, a dream. Syn. with Rekangakanohi; it is by dreams the natives suppose they hold converse with their deceased friends; it is a common expression, I was in the Reinga last night and saw so and so
Moiri he hau, a corpse exposed to the wind
Moituturu, placing the heads of enemies upon the pins used in making mats
Mokaikai, dried human head
Mokoikuwaru, a lizard god
Mokomokai, dried human head
Moko tawhiorangi, a god
Mokotiti, lizard, 6 in. long; prayed to as a god; it eats the liver
Mouri, a sacred place; the open space in a pa where strangers are received
Nahirangi, name of the house in the sky
Natuaririki, a sea god
Nenguku, a man; he was prayed to in war
Ngahu, a religious service. Syn. with Tuahu
Ngana, the man upon whose account the world was upset by Mataao
Ngarangihore, father of stones, rocks; a son of Mawe
Ngarara, lizard the supposed cause of every pain; the Tohungas profess to be able to call them out and so heal the sick
Ngatoirangi, a deified man; a tupuna
Niu, name of sticks used in the religious service called Tuahu
Ohoeua, the man who ate Turi's dog
Oka, a sea god
Orangipatiki, a god who ascended into heaven
Otuna i a rangi, god of the fern root, of the Kokohiko or Koromiko, and of the Rito of the Harakeke
Ouenuku, a rainbow
Owa, father of the dog
Owahieroa, a deified man
Pahaka, a god of kumara
Pahiko, father of the kaka
Pakuhua, a marriage, or the giving up of a woman to be another's property
Paireiti, a god
Pakoko, barrenness; if a man was childless he cut his shoulders with a flint and uttered a karakia whilst the blood was flowing
Pananuku, the earth
Pani, god of the kumara; the first fruits were always offered to him
Paniireira, a sea god
Paouru, a god
Paroro, a god
Papa, father of the kiwi; the earth; a female
Papapa, a sea god
Papapapakura, a sea god
Papatupuna, a board about 3 feet long notched like a saw; used to count their generations by
Paraoa, a high priest of the ware kura
Parapara, a sacred place; first fruits of fish cooked before the rest are ashore
Parauri, father of the tui
Parawenuamea, a sea god
Pareho, spirits of departed
Paretaua, a god [men
Patuanuko, a spirit; a deified man; a god of the kumara
Penaku
Pepe, moth or butterfly; the form often assumed by the gods when they manifest themselves to men
Pipiwarauroa, a god; the name of a cloud extending across the sky commonly called Noah's Ark; when seen it is a sign of the arrival of strangers or distant friends
Pito, expiatory offering
Po, Hades; place of departed spirits; a lower and darker region than the Reinga
Potiki, infant gods; or the spirits of infants supposed to be the most malignant of all; they appear to be a totally different race from the fairies, who do not appear to have visited the antipodes
Puhi kai ariki, water used in native baptism
Punga, father of the lizard
Pungawerewere, spider; a favourite form assumed by the gods; it is generally in this shape they manifest themselves
Purakau, he atua makutu
Pure, sacred service over the dead; sacred food
Purei, cutting of the hair; which was considered a very sacred operation; when a number of persons required it to be performed on them the tohunga repeated a karakia over them and then cut the hair of the principal chief and his children, after that the rest acted as barbers for each other; the act of cutting the hair rendered the person unclean for some time; a portion of the hair was cast into the fire; cutting the hair was supposed to cause thunder and lightning; the karakia used on this occasion was:—Oe he pikinga he kakenga ka e kei tua, kei waho, kei tua tua, kei te karawa kei te rangi nui e tu nei pikimai te rangi tua tahi pikimai te rangi tua rua, pikimai te rangi tua toru pikimai te rangi tua wa pikimai te rangi tua rima pikimai te rangi tua ono he rangi he hei te uru uru. The following was also used on the occasion:—Mori mori ta kiki morimo rita kaka I te waruhanga a te mata ko i to, ko ata i taku ipu waka iro iro
Pureinga, removing of the tapu
Putai, a god
Rahui, a mark denoting a sacred place
Rakautapu, the Matipou, Karamu, Mahoe, Pitoa, Karaka, and Manoa were sacred trees, also the Hara Keke
Rakiora, a god prayed to for kumara
Rangi, heaven; the husband of Papa
Rangiawatea, a woman taken up into heaven
Rangimatinitini, a name of one of the heavens
Rangimoetane, husband of Pananaku; the earth; the sky
Rangitutawaki, a deified ancestor
Rangitawaki, owner of the staff of life. Tokotoko o turoa
Rangiwakanohinohi, highest heaven; there are eleven heavens according to the native idea
Reheua, a deified man
Rehua, a spirit to whom offerings of food were made, especially by the sick, who
were thought to be certain of dying if they omitted doing so
Reinga, abode of spirits; or more properly, the entrance to their abode; a place at Cape Van Diemen where the spirits are said to jump into the sea from a ledge of rock; the same custom prevails in the island of Upolu, where the name of the jumping off stone is Fatuasafia
Reua, a spirit
Ririho, principal god worshipped at Rangitikei
Rita, an evil spirit
Rohe, a mark denoting a sacred place. Syn. with Rahui
Rokuariro, one of three men taken up to heaven
Rona, a woman who went one night to draw water and dip the Upaki, or kets, and leaves used in covering the oven, in the stream; the moon suddenly becoming obscured she struck her foot against a stone, which caused her to vent her wrath against the moon, who, to punish her, immediately descended and took both her and the things she held in her hands, and the spot she was standing on as well, and placed them in her bosom
Rongomai, great god of Taupo; he presided over war; in form like a large eel; a star also bears his name
Rongorongo, wife of Turi
Roparoa, a god
Ru, father of lakes, rivers; an earthquake
Ruawahine, priestess of the third rank
Rupa whenua mea, a god
Rupe, father of the pigeon
Taipo, female dreamer; a prophetess; an evil spirit
Takaka, a god
Takapotiri, father of the Kakariki or green parrot
Takati, a sea god; like a patiki or flat fish
Takawaenga, mediator or peace maker
Takiura, sacred food; cooked at the removal of the bones of the dead
Takitaki, one of three men taken up to heaven
Tamaikuku, a celebrated person in the native mythology
Tamangemange, a man deified by Tu; he was prayed to in the North the same as Tawaki in the South, and is perhaps the same individual
Tamure, a sea god; also a fish
Tane, father of the Tui and of birds and trees in general
Taniwa, a god or large fish supposed to reside in deep holes in rivers, or under mountains; if a cliff falls it is said to be occasioned by a Taniwa who is hid beneath and struggles to get free
Tangaroa, father of all fish
Tangaroa matipua, a god
Tangi, a wail for the dead. Taku hei piripiri Taku hei mokimoki Taku kati taramea. E hara mai ai-e i runga te angai-e
Tanumanga, burial place
Tapatapa, giving the name of a person to anything, whereby that thing is made sacred
Tapu, a sacred rite
Tarapakiwa, a karakia for a child
Tarauri, name of an immense lizard; said to have lived on the banks of the Wanganui; it was killed by falling down a precipice; its putrid body destroyed all the fish in the river
Taukanuku, tapu on new potatoes for Tawaki
Tauatapu, or taua toto, fight for blood; the party sallies out and kills the first person who is met, whether friend or foe; if not successful, the Matata, a small bird, is killed and the Tohunga pulls up some grass and throws it into a running stream, or ties it with the bird to the top of a pole, and utters a certain form of karakia before it
Taunga piki, a god
Taupotiki, the god who, when the heaven at first laid flat on the earth, lifted it up and propped it in its present position, and placed the sun, moon, and stars in it to give light to the earth
Tautika, a deified man; god of the kumara
Tawaki, a deified man; the grandson of Maru, and Waitiri; the only person in the native mythology who did no evil; he is said to have gone about doing good, working miracles, healing the sick, and afterwards ascended up into heaven; when he prayed it thundered and rained; he lived in the highest heaven, and ascended or descended like a spider by its thread; the natives say he was their Christ; he was combing his hair and washing in the stream when a Ngarara killed him; when baskets of food were offered to him to heal the sick, they counted out the tenth basket, and lifted it up to the god, and then
Tawaki, inferior god of Taupo; he fed on human bodies; he was a deified man, and was taken up alive into heaven
Tawiorangi, green stone; a god
Tearatukutuku, mother of Teihi; a great Taniwa
Teihi, chief of the Taniwa; he is said to have been a man who, when rowing with another at Taupo, suddenly left the canoe and took to the water
Temangoaururua, a god
Temataoterangi, a god
Tepouatehuri, a god
Terimurapa, a god
Tetautari, tomb surrounded with wicker work
Tiki, the first man; he took clay and kneaded it with his own blood and formed man
Tipua, a divinity whose place of abode is often marked by a large stone
Tohekitewai, native baptism
Tohi, a religious ceremony performed after a battle, and also at the baptism of a child
Tohunga, a priest of the second rank
Tokotoko, tongitongi, the staff laid up in the ware kura which Kauika broke; it belonged to Maierangi
Tokotokooturoa, the staff of life laid up in the ware kura; it belonged to Rangitawaki
Tote, god of sudden death
Toma, a place where the dead are deposited
Torere, an abyss. Ko te ara tonu ia i haere ai toku torere
Toroa, a sea bird; a form assumed by the gods
Toto, to perform the ceremony of native baptism
Totowahine, brother of Ron gorongo, Turi's wife
Tu, a god; he was supposed to be the wind, or to reside in the wind. He atua mo te riri. He was the first murderer. Tu signifies to stand up to strike; jealousy was the cause of the crime; before the committed it he took some flax and girded himself with it; hence, in going to battle the warrior is girded
Tua, native baptism
Tuaahau, a sacred house or place
Tuahu, native religious service with sticks to ascertain whether the omens are favourable for war or peace, answering to the augury of
Tuahu, a post or stone stuck in the ground, to which the priest addresses his prayers for success in battle; he takes a small piece of fern stalk, which he pretends to throw against the enemy and to send against the hostile god; he makes it appear to be hurled back against him, and if it be broken in pieces it is a sign they shall be conquered; if only a little bit is broken off the stalk it is a sign that there will be a few killed on their side, and consequently that they will conquer; it is evident that all depends on the inclination of the priest for war
Tuawakaparuate, he atua makutu
Tuhioterangi, a sea god
Tumutumuwenua, father of rats
Tupapaku, a dead body; touching a corpse rendered the person unclean for several days, who was obliged to be fed by another, as he could not touch food
Tupana, a deified man
Tupe, a prayer used in battle by one who is pursuing an enemy. Tupe hinga, tupe takoto
Tupua, name of a god; also of a large lizard
Turange, eldest son of Turi
Turi, first man who came to the Western coast and the commander of the Kuruaopo
Tutangatakino, a lizard god
Tutekoronaki, a god
Tuuatai, a god
Tuwawakiaterangi, name of Mawe's fish hook. Ka hi ra taku matau tuwawakia te rangi
Tuwarea, the tenth heaven
Uenguku, god of the rainbow; he was chiefly worshipped by the Ngatiraukaua; if a taua was seen approaching under the arch of a rainbow it was a sure sign it would be conquered, if on one side that it would be victorious. A star also bears his name; with some tribes he is the chief god; the feathers of the hawk are sacred to him
Uhu, a ceremony performed over the bones of the dead. Syn. with Hahu
Uhunga, name of the ceremony
Uira, lightning
Uripapa, the posts of an Urupa
a god; one of three men taken up to heaven
Urupa, a burial place, literally the fence round it
Wahitapu, a sacred grove
Wainga, a ceremony performed in a new house
Wairua, a spirit; a soul
Wairua, the soul; whilst a canoe was making (to convey it across the styx perhaps) it remained with its body; they placed food in the canoe for three days, with sail, paddles, &c.
Waitiri, the ancestor of Tawaki, who cured her of her blindness, by kneading clay with his spittle and anointing her eyes with it
Waiwaia, witchcraft
Wakaaiho, operation of cutting the hair pure; the name given to the shell with which it is done
Wakahapainga, a causing to be lifted up; the native term for a sacrifice; the food offered in sacrifice was cooked by the priest and lifted up as it was carried to the place where it was offered, when it was placed on an elevated stage
Wakahere, sacred food; propitiatory to a deity; an offering
Wakamahunga, name of the ceremony for rendering sacred those who planted or dug up the kumara; certain persons were set apart for this duty, who were tapued, and others were appointed to feed them, for they were not allowed during that period to touch food themselves; these planted the kumara, and during that period they were put, as it were, out of the camp; they first dug up a portion of the kumara, part they offered to Pani, and part they eat themselves apart from the rest of the people
Wakanoa, to make common; to take off the Tapu
Wakapakoko, an image; an idol; idol worship was confined to the Wanganui river; the images carved on houses; Watas and other places were not objects of worship, although frequently emblematical of ancestors, neither the green stone ornament; the idols were about 18 inches long, being sticks with carved heads, which were pointed at the other extremity to be stuck in the earth when worshipped
Wakapakoko ware, a house-hold god; an image of a child generally carved with great care and adorned
Wakapapa, Turi's dog
Wakatau, the person who burned down the ware kura with a thousand persons in it, who all perished in the flames
Wakatapu, making sacred
Wakataurotiki, a god
Wakatohua, a karakia for a child
Wakau, a religious rite performed by a person who arrives at a certain place for the first time; it consists in uttering a short prayer and then casting a stick with a bit of grass tied to it on the stone, rock, or whatever constitutes the sanctity of the spot. Piki piki maunga a tangaengae Kake maunga tangaengae Ta hau ariki mau e kai Te manawa o te tau hou
Wakaumu, a hole dug in the ground, or a stone to mark the spot where any one has fallen in battle
Wangaihau, feeding of the wind; a native expression for a sacrifice; a song over the dead. Syn. with Pihe
Warau, a sepulchre
Warekura, an ancient temple in which all the tribes assembled to worship; in it were placed the images of all their gods; it had its priests, high priest, its adytum, &c.; it is said to have been burned by Wakatau, and thence to have become the cause of every subsequent evil
Wariwari, a god; like a cloud Syn. with Pipiwarauroa
Weke, a lizard god
Weroiteone, a karakia to the stars
Whike, a voice heard in trees like a female crying
Wiro, the evil spirit; the god of thieving; he could steal anything; he walked on stilts
Witikikaeaea, a god
Original Canoes.
Aotea, came to Aotea; Ko Hou the chief of it; this is said to have been the first canoe which arrived; some say Turi commanded it, and had Turanga and Tamate in it
Arawa, a double canoe with a house upon it. Ngatoro i rangi, Temate Kapua Rangi tu, Tangaroa, Mahani
Ko Arowa, wife of Ngatori i rangi transgressed with Te Mate Kapua; this canoe also contained Rarawa and Ngapuhi at the head; Ngate Wakaua in the middle, and Ngatoro i rangi in the stern; it came to Maketu, the first settlers of Taupo came in it, Nga ti kahununui
Matatua, Nga te awa Wakatane, Taranaki Maka
Tainui, o Turoa landed at Kawia, Ko Huturoa
Takitumu, Ko pou
Kuruhaupo, Turi; the great ancestor of the Ngatiruanui and Wanganui natives
Tawawao
Teuanga Ki o Kupe
Totara Karia, Rangi tu Te mute kapua
Ko Routa
Kuratawa
Tokomuru, Manaia
Thuwareware, Rangiora
Kauau, a Turu
Te Rimarapa
Otearoa
The tradition as preserved by Te Heuheu, the principal chief of Taupo, is, that their forefathers first came from Hawaiki, Tawiti nui to Hawaiki Patata, where they remained some time, and thence reached Hawaiki ki te Moutere, from which place they finally arrived at New Zealand.
I kunei mai i ha hawaiki, te kune kai te kune tangata.
The seed of our coming is from Hawaiki, the seed of man.
Parts of the Human Body.
Ahei, Ahi, collar bone
Anganga, head; the skull
Areare. Syn. with Haku
Arero, tongue
Aroaro, countenance
Arore, lobe of the ear
Ataotemata, corner of the eye. Syn. with Kape
Ate, liver
Ateate, calf
Atewatekuhu, lungs
Au, gall
Eiho, lack of hair
Haku, name for some part of the inside
Hamu, back of the skull
Hetapa, inside of the thigh
Hiako, skin
Hina, grey hair
Hinengaro, reins, mind or conscience, the seat of thought
Hoi, lobe of the ear
Hope, loins
Hueho, navel string
Humu, hip bone
Huruhuru, hair
Hurukaikama, eye lashes
Huwa, thigh
Iaia, cross veins
Iho, os humeri
Ihu, nose
Ihupinu, crooked nose
Io, lock of hair
Ira, mole on the skin
Iwi, a bone
Iwiroa, back
Kakaoteihu, nose between the eyes
Kakaoteiwiroa, neck vertebra
Kaki, neck
Kamokamo, Kamoraro, eye lash
Kamorunga, eye brow
Kamu, eye lash
Kanohi, eye; the face
Kaokao, side
Kape, eyebrows; corner of the eyes
Kapitiotewaewae, lesser leg bone
Kapu, Kapukapu, sole of the foot
Karaua head
Karu, eye; the under eyelid
Karupango, pupil of the eye
Katau, right hand
Kauae, jaw; the chin
Kauaeoraro, lower jaw
Kauaeorunga, upper jaw
Keha, front of the skull
Keke, arm pit
Kiko, Kikokiko, flesh
Kikonui, thigh
Kiriwai, inner skin
Kohamo, back part of the head
Koikara, finger
Koiwi, skeleton
Komatamata, toe
Komekomengangutu, lips
Kona, lower inside of the stomach
Konae, chin
Kopani, knee cap
Kopu, abdomen; the entrails
Koroa, fore finger or first toe
Koroiti, little finger or toe
Korokoro, throat; toes
Koromatua, thumb or great toe; also a name applied to ministers and teachers
Kumikumi, beard
Kumu, anus
Kurakura, excrement voided
Kuwa, thigh; the seat; the inside of the knee
Mahanga, twins
Mahunga, hair of the head; the head
Maikuku, finger nails
Maitiko, toes
Makaurangi, under side of the thumb and finger
Makawe, hair. Syn. with Mahunga
Mama, part of the inside; perhaps Syn. with Hinengaro
Manawa, belly; the breath
Manawa, lungs; the seat of life; the ring finger
Mangai, mouth
Manumanu, collar bone
Mapere, middle finger or toe
Mata, eye; the face; the under eyelid
Mataara, face
Matau, right hand
Matenga, head
Matihao, finger
Matikara, finger
Matikuku, finger or toe nail; toes
Matimati, toe
Matu, fat
Maui, heart
Mawera, mouth
Mikau, finger or toe nails
Mona, knee cap
Monamona, knuckles; the ancle joint; the knee cap; the wrist joint
Murikokai, back part of the head
Mutikukuwaewae, toe nails
Mutu, joining of the skull and neck
Mutuoteate, stomach
Nehu, lock of hair. Syn. with Eiho
Ngaengae, heel
Ngakaokao, vertebræ
Ngakau, heart
Ngako, fat
Ngakoko, kidneys
Ngamakau, toes
Ngangore, gums
Ngao, palate
Ngapewa, arch of the eye
Ngaputaoteihu, nostrils
Ngaraho, testicles
Ngarakauanganga, gall
Ngatukemata, arch of the eye
Ngawiti, vertebræ
Ngoto, head
Ngutu, lips
Nguturaro, lower lip
Nguturunga, space between nose and lip
Niho, tooth
Nihokata, front teeth
Nihopu, molar teeth
Nono, excrement inside
Pae, gums
Pahau, Paihau, beard
Pakihiwi, shoulder; joint of the os humeri
Pakiwaha, sides of the mouth
Pakoko, oss innominatum;
Pane pane, skull
Pani, head
Papa, thigh
Papaahuahua, shoulder blade
Papanui, sole of the foot
Paparinga, cheek; the skull above the ear
Pareho, head
Parihirihi, head
Paro, hollow of the hand
Paroparo, skull
Patingoi, false ribs
Patito, crown of the head
Pawa, gall bladder
Pea, upper part of the arm; the humerus
Pewa, eyebrows
Pi, corner of the eye or mouth
Pikiarero, roof of the mouth
Pikikarea, palate
Piro, bowels; the entrails
Pirotoke, gall bladder
Pirotutai, entrails
Pito, navel
Pitorehu, navel string
Poanganga, skull; the lower part of the nose
Poho, pit of the stomach
Pokohiwi, Pokowiwi, shoulder
Pona, joint of the body
Ponana, nostrils; the extremity of the nose
Ponapona, joint of the body
Pongaponga, nostrils; also a joint
Poroiwi, os sacrum; also the excrescences of the back bone
Porokaki, back of the neck
Porongawe, back of the neck
Poroporo, skull
Pukapuka, spleen or smelt
Puke, lower inside of the stomach. Syn. with Kona
Puku, stomach
Pungapunga, ancle
Puta, nostrils
Putaka, superior joint of the os femoris
Rae, forehead
Raparapa, sole of the foot
Rara, rib
Rei, chest; the breast
Ringaringa, arm or hand
Ringaringamatau, right hand
Ringaringamane, left hand
Reke, Rekereke, heel
Rewa, eyelids
Rongoiti, little finger. Syn. with To iti
Rongomatua, thumb
Roro, brains
Tahau, radius
Taiki, rib; the os sacrum. Syn. with Poroiwi
Takapu, belly
Tako, gums or tusk
Tara, papillæ on the skin
Taringa, ear
Taiahau, leg; the thin bone of the leg
Taupa, separating cartilage of the nostrils; fat about the kidneys
Teketeke, elbow
Tenetene uvula
Tenga, part of the throat; the Pomum Adami
Tepai, clear untattooed face; a disgrace to a man and a sign he would be made a slave
Tinana, body
Toa, anus
Tohetohe, uvula. Syn. with Tenetene
Toiti, little finger or toe. Syn. with Rongoiti
Toinui, fore finger
Toipoto, fourth finger
Toiroa, middle finger
Toke, uvula
Tongamimi, bladder
Torino, drum of the ear
Tuara, back
Tukemata, eyebrows
Tuketuke, elbows
Tuku, pit of the stomach
Tumaki, crown of the head
Tumu, shoulder
Tumuaki, crown of the head
Tungu, shoulder
Turi, knee
Turipoto, os femoris
Turiroa, tibia
Turipona, knee joint
Tuta, windpipe; it was supposed that after death this part ascended to heaven
U, breast of a female
Ua, back bone
Uaua, vein; an artery; a sinew
Uma, breast; the chest
Upoko, head; though extremely sacred, the New Zealander does not consider it the seat of thought
Uri, penis
Utea, beard
Wae, Waewae, foot; a leg
Waha, mouth
Wakahipi, hair of the head
Wakaraparapa, skin of the entrails
Wanewane, liver
Watu, pupil of the eye
Watukuku, kidney
Watumanawa, kidney
Wekau, entrails
Wenua, placenta
Weua, bone
Witi, rib
Witimutu, last rib.
General Names.
Ariki, head of a tribe; but only given to the first born
Autane, brother-in-law
E hika, man or boy; voc. case
E hine, girl; voc. case
E hoa, man; voc. case
E ko, girl; voc. case
E koro, young man; voc. case
E kui, old woman; a mother
E maki, sick person
E mara, man or woman
E pa, man; voc. case
E ta, man or boy; voc. case
E tai, grown up woman; voc. case
Hapu, a family
Harake, half witted person; a scapegrace
He hina, aged person
Hoa, friend; a wife
Hoahoa, wife
Hunaonga, son-in-law
Hungarei, mother-in-law
Hungawai, father-in-law
Hupeki, old woman
Ikopora, name for Europeans; a shell fish
Iramutu, nephew
Iwi, tribe
Kaiha, thief. Syn. with Wanako
Kara, old man
Karana, old man
Kaumatua, an elder
Keha, red; applying to the European complexion, and the colour of their hair
Kewa, bald person; term of reproach
Kikiki, drunken or mad slave; a name for Europeans
Kohine, girl
Koroheke, old man
Kotiro, girl
Kuia, old woman
Mahanga, twins
Maki, sick person
Matua, parent
Matuakeke, uncle
Mokai, slave
Mokopuna, grandson
Pakeha, European; Pa-ke-ha a person from a far distant place
Pakeke, grown up person
Paora, drunken or mad slave; name given to Europeans
Peharoa, hatchel; a name for a white man
Piauau, iron; a name given to Europeans
Piharoa, hatchet; European
Pononga, servant
Porangi, deranged person
Porewarewa, European. Syn. with Paora
Poroteke, slave
Potiki, infant; youngest son
Rangatira, gentleman; a chief
Rorirori. Syn. with Porangi
Ruruhi, old woman
Taha, thief
Tahu, husband
Taitamariki, young man
Tama, son; the first born
Tamaiti, son; boy
Tamahine, daughter
Tamariki, boys
Tane, man
Tangata, man
Taokete, brother-in-law
Tiwa, red; name for Europeans
Tupuna, ancestor
Tutua, slave
Waea, mother
Wahine, woman
Wakarau, captive
Wanaunga, relative
Waraki, European
Ware, slave
Weke, old man
Wanako, person who takes anything he fancies without asking leave
Wanakoroa. Syn. with Wanako
Wanoke. Syn. with Wanako
Wenako. Syn. with Wanako
List of the New Zealand Tribes, With Their Principal Sub-Divisions.
Aupouri, N. Cape; Three Kings, and Wangaroa Bay
Rarawa, Kaitai
Ngapahu, Wangaroa; Bay of Islands; Hokianga
Ngatiwhatua, Kaipara; Manukau; Waitemata
Ngatipaoa, Gulf of Hauraki
Waikato, Manukau; Aotea
Waikato, Waingawa; Kawia
-
Ngatimaniapoto, Waipa; Waikato; Matamata; Mokau
-
Ngatipakura
-
Ngatihinita, Maungatautara
-
Ngatiruru
-
Ngatimahuta
-
Ngatitoata
-
Ngatihikaira
-
Ngatikinobaku
-
Tungaunga
-
Ngatihauwa
-
Ngatitohunga
-
Ngatipa
-
Ngatimahunga
-
Ngatipuiawa
-
Ngatimaru
-
Ngatikorokiu
-
Tetaou
-
Ngatitama
Ngatimaru, Thames
Ngatipehi, Taupo
Ngatituaritoa, Taupo
Ngatiterangiita, Taupo
Ngatiwakaue
-
Ngatipikiao, Maketu; Wakatane
-
Ngatirangita, Rotorua lake
-
Tahourangi, Tarawera lake
Ngatiruanui, W. Coast; Taranaki
Ngatirua. Patea; Waitotara
Ngatiapa, Wangaehu; Turakina; Rangitikei
Ngatipau, Wanganui river
Patutokotoko, do.
Ngatitoa, Manawatu
Ngatiawa,
-
Ngatitama,
-
Ngatimutunga, Chathm Is. and Pt. Nicholson
-
Puketapu, Wanganui Ngatitahi
Ngatiraukawa, Otaki; Manawatu
Ngatiporou, Waiapu; E. Cape
Te Urangawera, Tokomaru
Titangahauiti, Uawa
Titangamahaki, Turanga
Te Rongowakaata, Turanga
Ngatikahununu, Hawke's Bay; Ahuriri
Rangitane, Ngahitao, Middle Island; principally at Otakou
War, Murder, &c.
Haupapa, ambuscade
Karere, herald
Kohuru, murder
Mataika, first person killed or taken prisoner
Morunga, to place the head of an enemy on a pole
Parekura, battle field; and then only used for a spot where men have been killed
Papa, battle field
Takahi, to plunder
Tangaika, spoil taken in war
Tatauranga, fighting; a place of fighting
Taua, hostile party
Taunga, numbering
Torohe, a party going by stealth to fight
Torotoro, person sent by the Taua to spy out the strength of the pa
Tutei, spy; one who goes before a fight
Waitaua, a party which goes to another's aid in war
Wakapiko, a murder committed upon persons who are in the act of eating food prepared by the murderers
Wakariki, army; a hostile party
Wakarua, surprise
Wakatakoto, ambuscade.
Fortifications.
Awina, inside fence
Huahua, cross pole to which the upright posts are tied in the fence of the pa
Keretehi, outer fence
Koki, sort of bastion
Maioro, bank inside of the trench
Pa, an obstruction; a fence round a village; if a place is thus inclosed it is a pa, or town, if not, a kainga
Parepare toruarua, fosse
Pekerangi, shed in which the hostile party sleeps
Taita, barriacade
Taumahi, small tower or elevated stage
Teawakari, ditch
Teki, outer fence of a pa
Waharoa, entrance to a fortification.
Tattooing.
E rewa, upper eyelid
Hotiki, tattooing on the forehead of females
Hupe, at the point of the nose; in the rima nasi
Kokoti, on the cheeks
Koroaha, on the lower maxilla; where the masseter lies
Korohaha, lower spirals of the cheeks
Moko, general name for the tattooed lines on the face
Ngu, at the summit of the nose
Paepae, on the malar bones
Pongiangia, at the wings of the nose
Puhoro, upper part of the thighs
Putaringa, on the ears
Rapa, posteriors
Rerepehi, tattooing on the cheek
Repi, lines from the nose to the chin
Rito, outer lines of the spirals on the posteriors
Ta, to tattoo
Tipai, untattooed face; a sign the man would be made a slave of
Titi, four lines on the middle of the forehead
Tiwana, over the brows and temples.
Salutations.
Aitimai, welcome
Haehae, to cut the flesh for grief or respect
Haere, Haere atu ra, go in peace
Hongi, to salute by the nose
Inakoe, welcome
Momi, to kiss
Mote, to kiss
Naumai, welcome
Owha, to salute
Tangi, to cry; the most common form of salutation.
Part III.
Time.
The Natives count time by nights, moons, and stars, and instead of distinguishing the days by names, they confer that honor on the nights; different tribes rather vary in their names and order, but there is a general resemblance between them, as will be seen by the following list, in which four different names, in use among the different tribes, are given to each lunar night respectively. The first three names are those of the nights when the moon is invisible:
Po
-
Nonihape kamate, Nonihape, Nonihape, Noniape
-
Takatakaputeikeiraro, Takatakaputei, Takatakaputei, Takatakaputei ngaromuia
-
Witikirawekakitea, Witikiraua, Witikiraua, Witikiraua
-
Mawetu, Ohata, Ohata, Ohiro
-
Tuhahi, Owenguku, Ohiro, Ohawata hetireo
-
Wakapou, Mawetu, Ohowata, Owenguku
-
Hehotama, Tutahi, Tuhahi, Mawetu tamatea
-
He pa, Wakapou, Mawetu, Tamateatuatahi
-
He ari, Pa, Wakapou, Pa tamateawakapa
-
He huna, Ari, Pa, Hari
-
He mowaru, Hua, Ari, Huni
-
He hua, Huna, Huni, Mawaru
-
He atua, Mawaru, Mawaru, He hua
-
He otu, Atua—full moon, Hua, Atua
-
He maure
orMahure, Otu, Atua, Otu -
He oturu, Mahire, Otu, Oturu
-
He rakaunui, Rakaunui, Oturu, Rakaunui
-
He rakaumatoke, Rakaumatohe, Rakaunui, Rakaumatohe
-
Takirau, Takirau, Rakaumatohe, Takirau
-
Te ohika, Ohika, Takirau, Ohika
-
Korekoretutahi, Korekoretahi, Ohika, Korikorituhahi
-
Korokorowakapou, Korekorewakapou, Tangaroa, Korikori wapou
-
Tangaroa amua, Tangaroa amua, Tangaroa amua, Tangaroa amua
-
He Roto, Roto, Tangaroa a roto, Tangaroa a roto
-
Kiokio, Kiokio, He kiokio, Kiokio
-
He o tane, Otane, Otane, Otane
-
He Rongonui, Rongonui, Rongonui, Rongonui
-
He Mouri, Mouri, Mouri, Mouri
He Oho mutu, Ohomutu, He Oa mutu, O a mutu.
Po
-
He Noniape,
invisible -
He Ngaromuia, he Ohowata
-
Witiki rawa, he tireo
-
He Oenguku
-
He Okoro
-
Tamatea tutahi
-
Tamatea tuarua
-
Tamatea Wakapa
-
He Ari
-
He Hua
-
He Hune
-
He Mawaru
-
He Whiro
-
He Otu
-
He Atua
-
He Turu. He Rakaununui
-
He Matohe
-
He Takirau
-
He Oeke
-
He Korekore, he korehe
-
He Korekorepiri
-
Piritangaroa
-
Tangaroa amua
-
Tangaroa a roto
-
Tangaroa a kiokio
-
He Otane
-
He Rongonui
-
He Mauri
-
He Mutu
There appears also to have been a kind of division of the nights into decades, as ten nights to the full moon, ten to its disappearing.
The native year commences with the first new moon after the star Puanga is seen in the morning, which is in June:
June, moon 1. Puanga*
July, moon 2. Wakaau* The karaka flowers
Augt. moon 3. Wakapoupoto*Mangere* Kaiwaka*
Sept. moon 4. Te wa
Oct. moon 5. Te Rima takapoupoto
Novr. moon 6. Ono. The Rewarewa and Rata flower
Decr. moon 7. Witu, Wakakumu; the karaka is ripe
Jany. moon 8. Waru, Uruao*
Feby. moon 9. Iwa iti, Rehua.* This star is the great sign of Summer as it shines during the whole of it. Iwa nui, Matiti.* Te Marama ka pau te wai; the dry month. Ko te pake o matiti
March, moon 10. Ngahuru. Te Kahue rua; the kumara ripe
April, moon 11. Tuma, Ngahuru tuarua, Mahu and Ko te pae nga wawa, Haratua
May, moon 12. Ko tetahi pipiri, Kai waka, Matariki te marua roa,* Patutahi, Watutahi
Moon 13. Tahi ngungu, grumbling month, little food, bad weather, smoky houses, watery eyes, constant quarrels.
N.B.—The names marked with an* are stars.
The signs of the approach of Summer are the flowering of the following trees and plants:
-
The Pikiarero,
clematis -
The Kotukutuku,
fuschia -
The Pukapuka. Syn. with Warangi
-
The Ho
-
The Kowai
-
The Rewarewa, the Rora
-
The Pohutukaua
-
The Rata.
The Winter months are distinguished by the rising of the following stars:
-
Puanga, in May
-
Matariki, in June, and Te ra o Tainui
-
Kopu and Tautoru, in July
-
Wakaau and Mangere, in August.
Matariki shines all the winter, and is therefore called the great Winter star, as Rehua, which shines all the Summer, is called the great summer star.
The sign that Summer has commenced, and that the Kumara are ripe, is the arrival of the two birds of passage, the
fascialus Forst.) and the beautiful little Pipiwawaroa (cuculus nitens) which arrive about Christmas, and mark the potatoe harvest; they only remain about six weeks.
The names of the four seasons are:
Ko Toru, Ko Tahi, Ko Takarua, Spring—September, Oct., Nov.
Raumati, Summer—characteristically named from the fall of the leaf, the trees now shedding their old foliage—Dec., Jan., Feb.
Ngahuru, Autumn—March, April, May
Hotoke, Makariri, Winter — June, July, August.
The Summer months are called Waka au nguku, or the season when the sun begins to warm the ground. They are also distinguished by the following names:
Waka au nguku
Waka ahu rangi
Waka ahu Tau
Waka ahu Papa
Waka ahu kerekere tai, tapu ki Hawaiki
Time,
(in continuation)
Ahiahi, evening
Ahiahitanga, time of evening
Aianei, to-day; directly
Ake, onwards, either in time or space
Akeakeake, Akenei, henceforth
Akengokengo, to-morrow
Akenoi, until
Akuanei, this evening; presently
Amua, Amuri, hereafter
Anamata, hereafter
Ao, day; light
Aoake, next day
Aoinaake, day after to-morrow
Aongaake, following day
Aotea, when the sun has been up some time
Apopo, to-morrow
Arohirohi, fine day: the quivering heat of the sun when it shines on a clear summer's day; mirage
Ata, morning
Atahapara, break of day
Atapo, before it is light
Atarau, moonlight
Atatu, break of day
Atetahi ra, day after to-morrow
Awaki, day after; two days after to-morrow
Awaki nui atu, three days after to-morrow
Awatea, daylight; noon
Hinakipouri, quite dark
Hotoke, winter
Huaki, dawn
Hutoke, winter
Inaianei, to-day; just now
Inakuara, a little while ago
Inamata, formerly; quickly; immediately
Inanahi, yesterday
Inangeto, quickly
Inaoake, three days ago
Inaoakenui, four days ago
Inapo, last night
Inatahi ra, day before yesterday
Ina tetahi ra, three days ago
Ina waki, four days ago
Ina waki nui atu, five days ago
Ite awatea, at daybreak
Ka tu te ra, noon
Kua po, the day is ended
Kua riko te ra, the sun has waned
Kua titaha te ra, the sun has declined
Maruao, dawn of day
Maru po, midnight
Meake, soon; presently
Nomua, before; formerly
Nonaianei, to-day
Nonakuara, little while ago
Nonamata, long time ago
Nonanahi, yesterday
Nonao ake, day before yesterday
Nonaoakenui, three days ago
Nonapo, last night
O mua, formerly
Parawea, noon
Po, night; also a season
Po hotoke, winter season
Po raumati, summer season
Puaotanga, time of dawn
Ra, daylight; a day
Raumati, summer
Rehurehu, to decline, as the sun
Riko, to wane, as the moon
Rikoriko, dark; twilight
Takiri, dawn of day
Takurua, winter
Taro, short time; soon
Tau, a year
Tetahi wahi, moment
Tirakiraki te hua, full moon
Toene, to set; as the sun
Toenetanga, act or time of sitting
Wa, time; season
Wawe, suddenly
The Heavens, Stars, &c.
Aokai, star
Arohirohi, radiation of the sun on a hot day
Atutahi, star; ruling over September
Auroa, star; a comet; he tohu kai, he tohu tapatupatu; a sign of a fruitful season or war
Autahi, star, ruling over September
Auwahiroa, comet
Haereahiahi, evening star; ka nohomai i tai ko mata i umu
Haereiti, star
Hawiorangi, te toke o Turi
He umu hau, circle round the moon; halo; sign of wind
Hihi, ray of the sun
Hua, full moon
Ka hoki pouri, Ka hinaki pouri, E haere ano ki te mate—no moon
Ka hua te marama, full moon
Kahui, star
Kaiwaka, star, presiding over August
Kaiwaka, star which appears in April and May
Kaiwaka, star, presiding over August
Ka iti, new moon
Ka iti haere te marama, the moon wanes
Ka mate, no moon
Ka mate te marama, ina hoki e tarakau, one rim only of the moon is seen
Kamohani, Kanuihaere, 2nd quarter
Ka puta atamai, increasing moon
Kariko, Ka tino nui, 3rd quarter
Karipiripi, star
Kawitiwiti, star
Kirikiri, star
Kokopu, bright morning star
Komaru, sun
Kopuanga, star
Koteuanui, star
Kotiri, meteor; a falling star
Kowiti, to appear as the new moon
Kukumi, cock crow; morning star
Kuru a auia, star
Kuru a wewinga, star
Mahutonga, star
Mamaru, sun
Mangatawa, star
Mangere, star
Marama, moon; if the moon appears more than usually surrounded with stars, when an enemy approaches, it is a sign the pa will fall; the moon represents the pa, the stars the enemy
Matakokiri, falling star
Mataoturoe, star
Mataka, star
Matiti, star; sign of summer
Matitikura, star
Matariki, star which appears in June, and continues the whole of the winter; it disappears in the spring; it is the great sign of winter
Matitire, star
Matititerauangina, star
Mauhuia, star
Meremere, morning star
Mongoroiata, milky way; when distinctly seen, it is
Ngahuihui, star
Nga kawainga, star
Nga tapuwai, star
Ngawata, this star belongs to Nga tuke; a Taitoru, nana i takiri te ra te marama—presides over April
Oetahi, star, presiding over September
Pae, horizon
Patutahi, star, which rules over May
Pioreore, lesser Magellan cloud; it is known by its appearance from what quarter the wind will blow
Pipiri, star
Pipiwarauroa, large white cloud extending across the heavens, commonly called Noah's ark—a sign of strangers coming
Pongoihoro, blue sky
Ponoitaratahi, star
Puanga, star which presides over June and ends the year
Puhera, red color of Mars
Purehurehu, luminous cloud
Ra, sun
Raotainui, star in the constellation of Tainui
Rangawenua, star
Rangi, heaven
Rangiatea, clear atmosphere
Rangimatanuku, greater Magellan cloud
Rauatapatu, star
Rauawehea, star
Rangiwiu, upper regions of the atmosphere; the heavens
Rehua, star which shines during summer, and is, therefore, a sign of summer
Reinga, Hades
Rereahiahi, evening star
Reua, star
Roke, star
Ruamahu, star
Takiara, very bright morning star
Takiri, dawn of day
Takurua, star
Tapupua, star
Taraka, star
Tareao, evening star
Taumanga, star
Tautoru, bright morning star; part of the constellation of the rapa in the waka of Tamarereti
Tawera, morning star
Tawitorangiuru, star; the father of Matariki
Tioreore, star
Tukapotewahi, star
Tuke-o-mawe, constellation in form of an elbow
Uamakau, star
Uanui, star
Uaroa, star
Uatutuki, star
Wakaahu, star, presiding over July
Waka o Tamarereti, three stars in the East forming a constellation of a canoe
Wariwari. Syn. with Pipiwarauroa
Watutahi, star
Wetu, general name for star
Wetukokiri, falling stars
Wetukura, star; when it appears the natives commence their planting
Weturaka, starry firmament
Wetuteme, star
Wetuwero, star; Mars
Wewengu, star.
Elements.
Ahi, fire
Aniwaniwa, rainbow
Anu, cold misty air
Ao-ma, white clouds
Aonga, light
Aopango, clear blue sky
Au, Auahi, smoke
Awiouro, whirlwind
Hahana, to shine as fire
Hungurunguru, rumbling noise; the human voice at a distance
Haruru, rumbling noise
Hatete, fire
Hau, air; wind
Hauhunga, ice
Hauku, dew
Haunui, dew
Haupapa, ice
Haurahi, dew; frost
Haurutu, dew
Hautoru, dew
Hehengi, to blow
He rangi tukupu, cloudy day, without rain
Hihi, hissing of boiling water
Huka, cold
Hukapapa, Hukarere, snow
Kanaku, fire
Kapa, sea clouds
Kapua, cloud
Kapura, fire
Kopaka, ice
Kopata, dew
Korakora, spark
Korohu, Korowanake, steam
Maeke, Makariri, cold
Maku, wet
Mamaha, Mamaoa, steam
Mapura, fire
Marama, light
Maru, to melt
Mataotao, Matoke, coldness
Ngunguru, echo
Oro, echo
Pahunu, fire
Paina, Painaina, to warm
Paki, fine; fair
Paorohine, Paorooro, to tingle
Parikarangaranga, echo; a calling precipice
Pouri, dark
Puaheihei, rainbow
Puhi, to blow
Puia, boiling spring; the noise of escaping gas
Rangi, sky
Rangirangi, to scorch
Rewa, to melt
Taituri, dew
Tokawakawa, dew
Tomairangi, dew
Totoraurau, dew
Tutapue, to rain
Ua, rain
Uira, lightning
Wai, water
Wakatau mai, echo
Watitiri, thunder
Watu, hail.
Of The Water.
Aio, calm
Akau, sea side
Amai, swell
Au, current or rapid
Auha, to jump out of the water
Auhoki, backwater; an eddy
Awa, river
Heru, to flow, as the tide
Honu, water
Huka, foam
Ia, current
Iho, general name for when the current runs through a weir
Kare, ripple
Karekare, the break on a bar
Kauanga, ford
Kere, wetness
Koriparipa, whirlpool
Kuao, squall
Makau, to be low water
Maku, Makuku, wet
Marangai, gale
Marino, Marinoto,
Marinotokitoki, calm
Mata, face of the sea
Matapuna, fountain head
Matahawai, clear transparent water
Matatara, dam
Matawai, source of a river
Marinoke, quite calm
Miru, bubble; a rill of water
Moana, the sea
Ngae, swamp
Ngaru, wave
Ngongi, pure water
Ngote, water
Parata, spray, or breath of the sea
Pata, drop
Pokaka, squall
Pokaretanga, ripple
Puna, spring
Purorohu, current in the sea
Ranga, bar; shoal water
Repo, swamp
Rere, waterfall
Reto, deep water
Rire, deep water; the deep
Roma, current; the wake of a ship
Roto, lake
Taheke, a rapid
Tai, tide; salt water
Taikatoka, tide flowing
Taimate, calm
Taipakoa, Taipakokorawa, dead low water
Taipari, tide coming in; high water
Tairaki, gentle current in the sea
Tairikiriki, neap tide
Taita, obstruction in a river of wood, &c.
Taitimu, ebb tide
Taitutuki, high water
Tangangao, to be calm
Tawi, to ebb
Tepangatai, beginning of flood tide
Tepuna, a spring
Toro, to spread, as the tide
Torere, an abyss
Tuatea, waves
Tukituki, high water
Tutaki, dam
Waikawa, bitter, or brackish water
Waikauau, running water
Waikeri, rivulet or drain
Waikowetaweta, thick muddy water
Waimaori, fresh water
Waimatao, cold water
Waiparariki, iron water, filled with red ochre
Waipouri, thick or dark water
Waireka, good water
Wairere, water fall
Waitowari, clear as crystal
Waiwera, hot water.
Winds.
Aheu, changeable wind from the South West
Auru, S. wind
Autui, N. W. wind
Awa, storm
Awanui, W. wind
Hauarahi, W. wind
Hauatui, N. W. wind
Hauaruru, W. wind
Hauaurunui, S. wind, fine
Hauaurupuapuawai, W.wind; bad for the kumara
Haumoana, sea breeze
Haupa, beating wind
Haupai, N. E. wind
Haupake, S. wind
Haupapa, N. E. wind
Hauparo, long beating wind
Haupurorohu, eddying wind
Hauraro, N. wind
Hauroro, long wind
Hautunu, head wind
Hauwenua, land wind
He parau anake, false wind
He puhi, when it only rains
He tiu, rainy blowing wind
He tupuhi, contrary wind
Kotieu. Syn. with Aheu
Kotiu, N. W. wind; very changeable and rainy
Kotengitengi, gentle wind
Marangai, E. or N. E. wind
Ori, gale, a wet and windy quarter
Pakia, N. W. wind
Parera, N. W. wind
Putongamarangai, S. E. wind
Taparaki, S. W. wind
Tonga, S. wind
Tongamoananui, cold S. E. wind; a cold frosty wind
Tongapai, S. S. E. wind
Tuaraki, N. W. wind
Tukipoho, head wind
Urupuapai, wind
Wakarua, sea breeze
Wakaruhe, windy
Watihu, wind.
Of the Land.
Ahuriri, heap of stones
Akau, sea beach
Akeaka, sloping side
Ana, cave
Arapawa, name for the Middle Island
Aria, promontory
Apiti, precipice
Awaawa, valley
Haupapa, gravelly
Horo, land slip
Hu, promontory
Kakata, cracks in the ground
Kapiti, Kaputi, double precipice
Kaweku, ridge on the ascent of the hill
Keokeonga, peaks of a mountain
Ko papa, name of the earth
Kurae, promontory
Kurutongia, thin soil
Maheno, island
Mania, grassy plain
Mata, face of the earth
Matatatanga, chasm
Maunga, mountain
Motu, an island
Pahiki kura, red land
Pairoa, Middle Island
Papa, ledge of rocks
Parae, plain
Pi, sand spit
Puke, hill
Pukeamoamoa, barren hill
Rae, promontory
Rao, plain
Raorao, flat land
Raro, applied to the North
Reoreo, plain
Ru, an earthquake
Runga, applied to the South of these islands
Taiororua, valley
Tairua, sea sands
Taituauru, West coast
Tahatika, a coast
Tahora, plain
Tahuna, sea beach
Tahunga, sand banks
Tapokopoko, bog
Tarua, valley
Tatahi, sea beach
Te hinga o Mawe, name of the North Island; literally the fishing of Mawe
Titore, fissure, crack, chasm
Toitoi, summit
Tokerau, Eastern coast
Topito, end or extremity
Toropuke, hill
Torouka, a point
Tuauru, Western coast
Tumu, a point
Tupoa, steep
Uta, shore, land
Wai Pounamu, name of the Middle Island
Warekauri, Chatham Isles
Waroa, valley.
Manufactured Substances, Apparel, &c.
Aho, string; cord; the cross threads of a mat
Aronui, mat
Aute, band for the hair made from the bark of a tree
Hakihaki, worn out mat
Hakuku, to scrape flax
Hana, mat
Hanahana, garment besmeared with red ochre and oil
Haro, flax scraped with a shell
Haronga, short garment for rough weather; a garment made from the coarse part of flax
Hei, ornament for the neck; a chain of beads
Heitiki, ornament for the neck, made of greenstone
Heru, comb
Hitau, a small narrow mot for the waist
Hou, feather worn as an ornament in the hair
Hukahuka, strings of a mat
Huru, dogskin mat
Hutihuti, a rope
Ihupuni, dogskin mat
Itau, garment worn round the waist
Kaha, rope
Kahu, garment
Kaitaka, bordered mat
Kaka, Kakahu, garment
Kapara, comb
Kapeu, an ornament of green stone
Karau, comb
Karawai, knot of thread
Karure, to twist flax
Katekate, small mat to cover the shoulders
Kauko, side border
Koheuheu, fan
Koka, native mat
Koriranga, mat; strings of a mat which are not twisted
Koroai, mat with black tags
Korohe, large garment
Korohunga, mat
Kurupatu, border of a garment
Mapara, comb
Maro, small apron worn on the naked body in battle
Miro, thread
Miri, black mat
Moko, tooth of the shark; so called worn as an ear ornament
Muka, flax
Napenga, act of weaving; a piece of work which has been wove
Ngeri, rough native mat
Ngetangata, worn out mat
Ngore, mat. Syn. with Tatata
Paipairoa, mat with a border
Pake, rough mat made of flax leaves. Syn. with Haronga. Strings of a mat
Paki, small garment for the waist
Pakipaki, mat
Pakurakura, red garment
Para, mat
Parawai, mat
Pare, bandage for the head; an ornament
Pareare, Parekereke, Parengarenga, snow shoe; a covering for the sole of the foot; a sandal
Pata, native mat
Patai, garment worn round the waist
Patapata, strings of a mat
Patutu, garment, of which the inner part is wove flax, and upon this strips of prepared dogskin are sewed
Pauku, native garment
Pekapeka, ornament for the ear
Pekerangi, a mat
Pekerere, small garment for the shoulders
Pihepihe, small narrow mat for the waist
Pingao, belt, made from a plant of that name
Pingau, strings of a mat
Pohoi, bunch of feathers worn in the ear
Pokai, ball of twine
Pongi, native girdle
Porera, floor mat for sleeping on
Potae, covering for the head
Puihihi, strings of a mat
Pureki. Syn. with Koko. A rough outer mat with loose flax stalks outside
Pute, Putea, a bag; a basket
Puweru, native mat
Reke, top knot; the hair of the head tied up in a bunch
Reko, white dogskin mat
Remu, hem or border of a garment
Rena, to be stretched out as a garment
Repa, mat
Routu, comb; made from the wood of a tree of that name
Ruruku, girdle; a band
Taheha, small mat
Taniko, embroidered border of a garment
Tapa, thin cloth (qy. is it a N. Z. word?)
Tarahau, mat. Syn. with Haronga
Tatara, mat
Tatara, mat
Tatua, girdle. Syn. with Witiki
Tau, string; as of a garment
Taupiko, ornament of green stone
Taura, rope
Tihei, garment
Tihitihi, mat
Tihore, flax; scraped with the nail
Tiki, green jade ornament
Tipuna, knot
Titaha, mat
Toi, black rough mat; like the thatch of a house
Topuni, dogskin mat
Tuahau, rough mat. Syn. with Pake
Turuturuparawai, sticks to which the web of the mat is fastened in weaving
Ukiuki, hen
Waihinau, mat
Wakaewa, strings of a mat
Wakaheke, rope
Wakakai, ornament for the ear
Wara, mat; used as a carpet
Warariki, Wariki, mat; used as a carpet; a word applied to any covering of a floor, whether fern or grass, or branches of trees
Watu, web of the mat
Watunga, piece of work which is being wove
Uenu, loose, unwove threads
Werotaringa, rough mat. Syn. with Ngeri
Weruweru, garment of any kind
Weweru, garment. Syn. with Weruweru
Witiki, girdle; belt. Syn. with Tatua.
Of A Canoe.
E a, to be hauled on shore as a canoe
Haumi, piece of wood by which the body of a canoe is lengthened; the joint by which it is connected to the canoe
Hautu, a man, who stands in a canoe to keep time for the rowers
Honga, strip of wood on the side of a canoe
Hirau, paddle
Hoe, paddle
Hokai, stay or brace
Hutihuti, rape
Ihu, head of a ship or boat
Kaituki, captain of a canoe
Kaupapa, fleet
Kei, stern of a canoe
Koke, to go ahead, as a canoe
Kopapa, small canoe
Koki, small canoe
Komaru, sail of a ship or canoe
Konia, canoe
Kopapa, canoe
Kopiupiu, to swing, as a vessel to her anchor
Koporo, square sterned canoe or boat
Korea, small canoe
Kotokoto, sheet of a sail; the sprit
Mama, to leak
Mamaru, sail of a canoe or ship
Manu, to float
Moki, canoe, made of raupo; a raft
Neke, skid, upon which canoes are dragged into the sea; a canoe
Niao, gunwale of a canoe or boat
Noko, stern of a canoe
Oe, paddle
Pahua, board sewed on the body of the canoe
Paremata, stern of a vessel
Pinaku, war canoe
Pitau, war canoe with a carved stern
Punga, anchor; a stone used as an anchor
Purengi, stay for a mast
Puwenua, stay for a mast
Ra, sail of a canoe or boat; it includes the mast, which, separately, is called the rakau
Rahiri, rope
Rango, skid; a piece of wood laid upon the ground, over which boats or canoes are dragged
Rapa, stern part of a canoe; carved stern
Ranawa, side boards of a canoe. Syn. with Pahua
Rauwawa, boards sewed on the body of a canoe. Syn. with Pahua
Rere, to sail
Rewa, mast
Riu, interior of a canoe
Ta, vessel to bale water with in a canoe; also to bale
Ta, carved stern of a canoe
Takere, keel
Takotokoto, sprit of a sail
Tangere, keel of a ship or canoe
Tangi, to bale water
Tata, vessel with which water is baled out of a canoe
Tatai, to ornament with feathers
Tau, carved stern of a canoe
Taumaru, cross bars of a canoe
Taurua, double canoe
Tawai, canoe, without attached sides
Tete, figure head of a canoe; a war canoe
Tiheru, vessel with which to bale a canoe
Tiratu, mast of a native sail
Tirou, to steer a canoe by dashing the paddle into the water and drawing it towards one
Titoko, sprit of a sail
Tiwai, small canoe, having no carved stern
Tokai, strip of wood which covers the joint of the sides of a canoe
Toko, pole, to shove with
Tuki, song during the time of rowing a canoe
Tute, to shove with a pole
U, to arrive by water
Umere, song, repeated in dragging a canoe
Uruku. Syn. with Taurua
Urunga, Urungi, rudder, or steering paddle
Uta, to put on board a ship or canoe
Wahu, sheets of a sail
Waka, canoe
Wakaheke, rope
Wakarei, carved work, at the head and stern of a canoe
Wakarewa, to cause to float; to launch
Wakawito, sail for a canoe or boat.
Houses, &c.
Amohanga, elevated platform for food; the posts of a Wata
Anga, aspect of a house or garden
Arahanga, bridge or ladder
Arai, shade; a screen
Arawata, bridge; a ladder
Au, Awe, smoke soot; these two are added, as they are inseparable adjuncts to every native house
Hamoko, opening between the small bundles of raupo which form the sides of a house
Hangi, oven
Hapoki, potatoe house
Haurangi, verandah
Heke, rafter
Hereumu, cooking house
Herupe, top of a window
Hoka, screen, made of bushes
Hopekiwi, potatoe house under ground
Hopi, native oven
Hau, screen from the wind
Huahua, rails of a fence
Ikuiku, eaves of a house
Kaeaea, verandah; the image over the centre of the verandah
Kaho, battens
Kakaka, fern stalks, used in building
Kamuri, cooking house or shed
Kangatungatu, verandah
Karahu, oven
Karapi, sticks put crossways in building a house to keep the reeds or rushes in their places
Karawa, bed in a garden
Karupe, lintel of a door
Kauae, beam of a building
Kauta, cooking house or shed
Kawawa, palings of a fence
Kereteki, outer fence of a fortified village
Koaka, floor mat
Koihi, verandah
Kokonga, corner
Komanga, stage upon which food is kept in store
Konakitanga, corner. Syn. with Kokonga
Konao, oven
Kopa, oven
Kopae, house ornamented with carved work
Kopanga, inner corner
Kopuha, small house
Korere, funnel or spout
Kori, native oven
Koronae, stile
Koropu, house
Kotopihi, window
Kuhu, cooking house
Kuhunga, hiding place
Kukaware, soot
Kurupae, joist or sleeper of a house
Kuwaha, verandah
Mahau, verandah
Maehe, fence; verandah
Maihi, verandah; the facing boards of the roof of a native house
Marae, verandah; an enclosure in a pa belonging generally to one individual or family; properly the space before the Tohunga's house
Matapihi, window
Matatara, dam for water
Moa, bed in a garden
Nati, to tie up raupo in constructing the walls of a house
Nehe, rafter of a house
Ngawaewae, door posts
Nohoanga, seat
Okeoke, oven
Pa, fortified place; a name taken from the fence which surrounds the village
Paenga, site to build upon; a boundary
Paepae, threshold
Pahoka, screen from the wind
Pahuki, shade or screen
Pakahokaho, skirting board of the verandah
Pakitara, walls of a house
Pakorokoro, stile; fence
Pakuka, screen from the wind Syn. with Pahoka
Paparahi, stage upon which kumara are dried
Pare, carving above the door
Paru, coat of raupo on the walls of a house
Pataka, store house raised upon posts; a stage upon which food is laid up in store; an enclosure
Patakitaki, dividing board inside
Patengitengi, house wherein kumara are kept
Patu, wall of a house
Patutu, screen
Pehipehi, sill of a door frame
Pekirangi, outer fence of a pa
Pihi, watertight; as a house
Pikitara, house
Poro, to be flat, as a roof
Poti, inner corner, as of a room
Pou, post for a house or fence
Poupou, side posts of the house
Poutahu, middle post inside
Poutokomanawa, centralpost of the verandah
Puni, shed for a taua or hakai
Raihi, small enclosure; a pig stye
Rara, stage
Ri, Rianga, screen
Roau, rail
Rona, to put mangemange upon the roof of a native house
Ropa, fortified village
Roro, verandah
Rua, storehouse
Ruakoauau, kumara store
Ruatahuhu, potatoe store
Ruatirawa, store, the floor of which is excavated
Rueke, verandah
Taepa, fence
Tahu, Tahuhu, ridge pole
Taiepa, fence. Syn. with Taepa
Takipai, rails of a fence
Takapau, floor mat
Takitaki, fence. Syn. with Taiepa
Tangotango, rails of a fence
Tapatu, to roof a house
Tapi, oven
Tara, walls
Tarahu, oven
Taraware, storehouse for kumara
Tata, Tatara, fence
Tatau, door
Tatauhauhunga, window
Taumahi, small tower of a fortified village; facing boards of the roof of a house
Taura, little piece of wood which fastens the window
Tautari, to tie up reeds to the side of a house
Tawaha, bed in a garden
Teki, outer fence of a pa
Tekoteko, figure placed at the top of the gable end of a native house
Tia, peg
Tienga, floor mat
Tihokahoka, shed
Timanga, stage upon which food is placed. Syn. with Wata, Pataka
Toko, side post of a window
Tuahau, sacred house
Tuanui, roof of a house
Tuaroa, Tuarongo, back part of a house
Tuhi, stitching of the reeds
Tumatakihou, smaller side posts between the large ones
Tumatapu, small binding batten
Tumu, Tumutumu, posts
Tuparuparu, to build with raupo
Tupuni, to build up the sides of a house. Syn. with Tuparuparu
Tutaka, carved ridge pole of the verandah
Tuturu, door post; to leak, as through the roof
Tuwaru, stuffing of the walls
Tuwatawata, fence
Uhi, to thatch
Ukiuki, verandah
Urupa, fence round a grave
Waitoka, doorway
Wakairo, carving
Wakamahau, verandah
Wakamarumaru, screen from the wind
Wakaporo, tops of the posts of the pa cut to represent the heads of their enemies
Wakarawa, fastener for a door
Wakaruru, screen
Wana, upright sticks of a fence; battens
Wao, nails
Warariki, mat used as a carpet
Warau, temporary sleeping shed
Ware, house
Warekohuku, house with a gable end
Warepuni, good house; a warm house; a sleeping house
Waretuturu, house with a hipped roof
Wareumu, cooking house
Warewarau, shed
Wata, stage on which food is kept. Syn. with Timanga
Watitoka, doorway
Wawa, fence.
Implements, &c.
Aho, string; cord
Amo, bier or platform on which a sick man is carried
Arawata, bridge; a ladder
Aropaua, double net for small fish
Aruaru, small hand net
Atamira, bed
Auau, basket of seed potatoes
Hake, bowl
Hako, spoon
Hamaru, part of an implement for digging upon which the foot is pressed
Hanganoa, small basket for cooked food
Hangere, basket half full
Hangohango, implement for digging
Hani, implement of war
Hao, basket in which cockles are collected
Hapainga, basket of food carried in the hand
Haronui, large adze, requiring to be used with both hands
Hawe, that part of a net which is last in the water, and completes the enclosure
Hemanga, basket half full
Here, spear for birds
Heru, comb
Heu, razor
Hikirewa, crate for holding food
Hinaki, basket in which eels are caught
Hipoki, lid or cover
Hirau, paddle
Ho, spade
Hoanga, stone to sharpen tools
Hoe, paddle
Hoto, wooden spade
Hua, handspike
Huata, long spear
Hukihuki, stick upon which is put fish, &c., to be roasted
Ipu, calabash
Kahaka, calabash
Kahaki, ropes or straps by which a load is carried on the back
Kahararo, rope of the under side of a net
Kaharunga, rope of the upper side of a net
Kaheru, digging implement
Kaikohure, smaller of two sticks by which fire is procured
Kairawaru, spear in its rough state
Kaka, fishing net
Kakapu, basket of cooked food
Kakau, handle of a tool
Kani, saw or file
Kapu, adze
Karaha, calabash
Karau, comb
Karehu, spade
Karewa, buoy
Karo stick to parry off blows
Kauati, stick with which fire is procured
Kauhoa, native palanquin
Kaukau, spear
Kaukau, spear
Kawe straps by which a load is carried
Kete, native basket
Kia, calabash
Kimi, calabash
Kiwe, handle of a basket
Ko, spade
Koaka, calabash
Kohaohao, basket of food
Kohna, even excavated in the ground
Kokiri, spear
Koko, spoon
Kono, small basket for cooked food
Kopere, sling; a bow
Korere, funnel or spout
Korotete, basket
Korou, channel
Kota, knife; scissors
Kotaha, sling
Kuku, pair of pincers; a pair of muscle shells
Kukuti, net
Kumeti, native bowl; a basin cut out of solid wood
Kupenga, fishing net
Kutikuti, scissors
Mahanga, snare
Mahe, sinker for a fishing
Maihea, line
Makahi, wedge
Manana, fishing rod
Mapara, native comb
Mapu, squirt
Maripi, knife
Mata, point of a spear; a bullet, lead; meshes of a net
Mataora, wedge
Matata, pad for the back
Matau, fish hook
Matia, spear
Matika, Matikara, fish hook
Matika, to carry on a litter
Mekameka, chain
Mere, implement of war made of stone
Mowiti, hoop of a cask
Nape, fishing line
Ngutu, brim of a vessel
Noni, fish hook
Oka, stick used as a fork
Oko, bowl; an eating vessel made of wood
Ora, wedge
Paepa, native basket; a piece of a calabash
Pahaka, calabash
Pahai, basket used in catching fish
Pake, small triangular implement of war about 18 in. long
Panehe, small war hatchet; a small adze used with one hand
Panekeneke, small edge tool
Paoi, implement to pound fern root with
Papa, back of the fish hook
Papapa, calabash
Paparahua, kind of table from which food is eaten
Papari, crate for food
Paraharaha, small iron implement; an edge tool
Pate, stick used by natives to make fire
Patiti, hatchet
Peketua, basket half full, carried on the back in addition to the one that is full
Pepepe, basket
Pewa, snare for birds
Poha, native basket
Poneke, sledge
Popoia, handles of a basket
Pooti, long basket for cooked food
Poukoro, long net
Pouwerawera, basket to catch small fish
Pu. gun
Puapua, shield
Puka, spade
Pukoro, small net
Pukororoa, large basket
Pukorutuna, eel basket
Pukupuku, close made met, wetted and tied round the arm as a shield
Punga, anchor; a stone used as an anchor; a basket used for catching eels
Pupuhi, bellows
Purou, fork
Puru, plug or cork
Purupuru, chisel
Pute, bag; a basket to contain clothes
Putea, bag; a basket to contain clothes
Rahu, basket. Syn, with Kete
Rakuraku, implement to scratch with; a rake; a small hoe
Rama, rozor or torch
Rapa, flat part of a spade or paddle
Raro, implement with which cockles are collected
Rawi, basket
Reti, snare
Ripi, stick to kill eels with
Rohe, hand net for fish
Roherohe, torch
Rore, snare
Rori, basket in which cockles are gathered under water
Rou, implement by which cockles are collected
Rourou, basket for cooked food
Rohutu, comb
Rukuruku, basket half full
Ta, hammer or mallet; a vessel to bale water with in a canoe
Taha, calabash
Tahe; calabash
Taiaha, implement of war; also used as a walking staff. Syn. with Hani
Takekenga, mesh of a net
Tao, spear
Tapakuri, basket
Tara, spear head of the Here; a point, a thorn
Tare, snare for birds
Tareke, very small edge tool
Taruke, basket for catching cray fish
Tata, vessel with which water is bailed out of a canoe; a small net
Tatari, sieve
Tau, handle, as of a bucket
Taukoro, large basket
Taupoki, lid; a covering
Tauwatu, fishing net
Tawa, calabash
Tawiti, trap for rats; not unlike our mole trap in construction, but more ingenious
Teka, part of a digging implement, called Ko, upon which the foot is pressed
Tetere, trumpet
Tia, stake; a peg
Tiheru, vessel to bale a canoe with
Timati, short spear
Tirau, peg; a small stick
Tirou, fork; a pointed stick used as a fork
Titaha, axe
Titi, nail
Toeke, rope tied round each ankel, by the assistance of which trees are climbed
Toemi, hand net
Tohake, basket
Toki, axe; an edged tool
Tokotoko, walking stick
Toroai, implement of war made of wood, flat at one end and pointed at the other
Tu, part of a fishing net which is first in the water
Tumere, weapon of war
Tupe, snare for birds
Turupou, walking stick; a post upon which anything is put
Umu, oven made in the earth
Urunga, pillow; a rudder or steering paddle
Urungi, rudder or steering paddle
Wahaika, warlike instrument made of wood
Wai, calabash; bag of a fishing net
Wairu, file
Wakahaehae, any thing to frighten; a scarecrow
Wakapipinga, work which is constructed in a regular manner, by placing one thing upon another, as in masonry
Wakaturi, pad to defend the back when a load is carried; a covering to keep off wet and dirt
Wakarapa, fish basket
Wakatomo, large basket
Wakatungangi, stile
Wakamurakau, cloth wrapped round the arm as a defence
Wakawai, fishing net
Wana, bent stick which forms part of a rat trap
Wao, nail
Wiri, gimlet
Witi, hoop
Wiu, whip.
Amusements.
Araporaka, stilts
Haka, dance
Kahu, native kite; made in shape like a bird, of reeds stitched together
Kaihora, whippingtop; much the same as the European one, only rather longer
Kaihotaka. Syn. with Kaihora
Kanikani, dance of a jeering character
Kokiri, pole: flattened on the top for a person to stand on, and inclined over deep water; a favorite amusement to run up to the top, and then jump into the water
Kopere, to sling by a stick with a piece of string tied to the end of it
Kotaha, sling
Mawi, game something like cat's cradles; the cord being made to assume the form of houses, canoes, and men; Mawi was its author; it appears to be connected with ancient tradition
Meke, pugilistic game
Morere, swing; a lofty pole with ropes attached to its top
Moto, to fight with the fist
Mu, draughts: an introduced game
Neti, game of skill, in which young men try who can dart a fern stalk to the greatest distance along the surface of the ground
Ngaoreore-tamaiti, nursery song
Pakau, Pakaukau, Syn. with Kahu
Patere, dance in a canoe
Piu, to skip; a skipping rope
Poi, ball, with a string appended, with which it is played; a game with the hands also
Ponokawakawa, game
Porotiti, game which consists in twirling about a small oval piece of wood
Potaka. Syn. with Kaihora
Pouturu, stilts
Raratuna, game
Rorekiore, game
Ruriruri, native play of singing in chorus
Ta, whip for a top
Takaro, general name for play; also, to wrestle
Tureureu, game
Tau, game
Tauramaki, game which is played in deep water, by two persons trying who can keep the other longest under water
Ti, game played with the fingers
Tutukai, played with a number of stones; a game consisting of the opening and shutting of the fingers and bending the arm in a certain manner, and uttering the whole of the following words at a breath:—Ka tahi tikarua, ka haramai tapati tapato reka rau ua ka noho te kiwi ka pohe wa tautau topi topa ka huia mai ka toko te rangi kai ana te wetu kai ana te marama o te tui e rere ra runga o te pera peka o hua kauere turakina te are to wiwi wawa ke ke ke te manu kei Taupiri
Tutungarau, to dance the war dance.
Part IV.
Native Pharmacopeia.
Eruerueka, pigs' ear; a Mesembryanthemum; the juice expressed used for Boils
Harakeke, leaf and root; Paipai and internal complaints
Horopito, leaves bruised and steeped in water; a remedy for the Paipai
Kahikatoa, leaf; drunk for internal complaints; also used for a steam bath
Kareao, decoction of the root, used as sarsaparilla; the young shoot eaten as medicine for the Hakihaki; the root is commonly used by females to procure abortion
Kawakawa, leaf and bark; for cuts, wounds, Paipai, and pains of the stomach; it is also used for the Gonorrhœa, and in making steam baths
Kohekohe, weak infusion of the leaf stops the secretion of milk; it is used for women who have lost their infants; it is also a powerful tonic
Kohukohu, lichen; which, when reduced to powder, is rubbed into the skin for cutaneous eruptions
Kokowai, red ochre; used as an ointment for scald head and for spear wounds
Kopakopa, leaves; used for ulcers, over which it is bandaged; one side of the leaf draws, whilst the other heals
Koromiko, tender leaves of this shrub are bruised and applied as a poultice for ulcers, and especially for the Pakiwara (venereal disease)
Kowai, inner bark, for itch
Mamaku, bruised pith, applied as a poultice for swellngs of the foot and sore eyes
Mapu, to syringe the ears
Miro, infusion of the bark is drunk for stomach ache
Mouku, root; an infusion used as a wash for cutaneous complaints; the juice is also drunk and the root eaten
Ngaio, bark; to heal ulcers and eruptions
Ngarehu, charcoal powdered fine, used for cutaneous eruptions
Oka; the natives were accustomed formerly to bleed for several complaints, especially for Rheumatism, and for acute local pains; for this purpose they used either a sharp splinter of Obsidian or a fragment of a shell, with which they made lateral cuts into the skin, causing the blood to flow freely
Papa, bark; used for the itch
Papaunga, bark, infused, is drunk for the itch
Papaauma, misletoe; the bark is bruised and applied for the itch
Paretau, root; cutaneous eruptions
Patete, sap; scrofulous sores and ringworm
Ponga, pith; a poultice for cutaneous eruptions
Poroporo, leaf; inner skin, for the itch; when boiled with lard makes a very healing salve
Puka, misletoe; used the same as the Papaauma
Pukatea, Pautea bark used for scrofulous sores, Totatoka, and for the Tooth-ache
Rata, bark; used for the Ringworm and venereal disease
Rauriki, sowthistle; used for the Tokatoka; a drink for stomach complaints
Rimu, bark, infused, to heal up running ulcers, and for burns, scalds, &c.
Taewa, potatoe; the water in which they have been boiled used as a lotion for Piauau, pimples, and all cutaneous eruptions, also for burns
Te Huhu, or Te Hu, grub found in Rimu, Matai, and Kahikatea trees; it is eaten as a medicine
Tawa, bark; used for pains in the stomach and colds
Toto Kuri, the ear of the dog is slit and the blood boiled; a remedy for spear wounds, it is both eaten and applied externally
Ti, drink; internal complaints; dysentery
Toatoa, strong hardy weed; the infusion of its leaves used for all scrofulous diseases, also the juice expressed
Tutu, leaf, tender shoot, or pith; dysentery; its sap used as a remedy for madness; though producing madness in the healthy, it is said to be very efficacious as a cure for those so affected
Wawa, leaf juice; for blindness
Wawaku, inner bark; used for the Ringworm
Umuroa, Umu, oven or vapour bath, for sick persons affected with Rheumatism or other complaints was covered up with leaves of the Ngaio, Kawakawa, Tataramoa, Kaiwiria, Koromiko, Manuka, Karetu, Karamu, Papa, Kaikaiaruhe, and the Poroporo, each being supposed to have its particular virtue; the way it is formed is very simple and worthy of being noted:—the stones being heated are replaced in the oven (which is about 18 inches deep) on which a quantity of water is poured; a thick bed of the leaves enumerated is made over the stones, and then a number of kits are laid, on which the patient is seated, who is entirely covered with a blanket or native mat; a copious perspiration is speedily induced; this kind of bath is called He Tieki, and was considered very efficacious; the covering of leaves for the Umu is called Wariki
Te Wakaeke, Te Tarewa, to recover drowned or strangled persons; they suspend the body head downwards over smoke that it may ascend and inflate the lungs, or cause re-action by its stimulating effects
He Kauhoa, He Amo, frame ingeniously made with the kareao to carry the sick on
He Moroiti, cover for a sore place formed by a hoop with cross bars at right angles
He Papa Kiri, splint formed of the bark of a tree to suit the form of the fractured limb
Matete, plaster
Matua, to quicken; kua matua te tamaiti
Roromi, to shampoo or squeeze
Puncturing was also used for several complaints.
Native Diseases.
Aku, dysentery
Amiomio, to turn round; to be giddy
Anini, head ache; giddiness. Syn. with Ngaruru
Anu, complaint of the eyes; cold
Ape, Apeape, club foot. Syn. with Hape
Aroaroea, pain in the stomach
Arohirohi, to turn round; to be giddy
Aurere, groaning
Autakauta, contagion
Awiowio, indistinctness of vision
Hake, crooked back
Hakihaki, cutaneous eruption; pimples; itch
Haku, a cold; cholic
Hanginenga, dysentery
Hape, crooked feet
Harehare, eruption; the itch
Haua, swollen
Hauaitu, benumbed
Hauhauwaitu, falling down without any perceptible cause
Haurangi, deranged person. Syn. with Porangi
Hautete, one who jabbers
Hauware, saliva
Hawareware, to be full of saliva
Hetu, fester
Hi, dysentery
Hoha, weariness
Hoi, deafness
Hore, large swelling, or running sore
Huahua, small pimple
Huhu, dysentery
Huhunu, yellow skin; jaundice
Huware, saliva
Ipuipu, swelling on the sole of the foot
Iramata, spot in the eye
Kakati, sting; a bite
Kanikani, complaint in the thighs
Karukowiti, complaint of the eyes when the lid is turned inside
Kea, secretion from the nose
Keha, scrofulous swelling of the neck. Syn. with Ngene
Keke, cramp
Keko, squinting
Kerekerewai, numbness
Kero, maimed
Ketoketo, sick person
Kikiki, shivering or ague. Syn. with Poanau
Kirihoko, dry scurfy skin
Kirika, fever
Kirikiritona, complaint of the eye; the lid being turned inside out
Kiritona, pimple on the eyelid; a wart; a stye
Koangi, diarrhoea
Koea, dysentery
Kohari, to be in pain
Kohoi, thin; lean
Koipuipu, to be sore in the feet from walking. Syn. with Ipuipu
Kokeke, lameness
Koki, limping
Koko, lean; thin
Komaoa, raw state of the mouth; an ulceration
Komiromiro, stomach ache. He komiromiro o te ngakau. Stomach ache from eating Pitau or cooked fern tree
Konao, diarrhæa
Kongenge, belonging to sickness or disease; rheumatism
Kopa, lameness
Koparu, crushed; bruised
Kope, loss of the sense of smelling from a violent cold
Kopeke, costiveness
Kopiri, lameness of the feet
Kopito, pain in the abdomen
Kopupu, blister
Kopurua, swelling of the abdomen; dropsy
Koputa, blister
Korangaranga, to be in pain
Korere, dysentery
Korewarewa, disease which spread over the island about forty years ago and carried off great numbers; whole families were buried in the same grave; it commenced with violent purging, the hair of the head and eyebrowsentirely came off; it originated in the North of the island
Koripi, diarrhæa
Korongenge, to be benumbed
Kotere, swelling; dysentery
Kotiuru, headache
Kupa, to belch
Kuruenga, running of the nose, with a loss of the sense of smelling. Syn. with Hupe and Kope
Maeingi, dysentery
Mahaki, disease of the skin
Mahihore, flayed; peeled
Mahore, broken, as the skin
Mahorehore o te Kiri, a peeling of the skin
Mahu, to be healed
Maki, sick person
Makoko, name of a very fatal pestilence which carried off great numbers of the natives
Mamae, painful
Manawanawa, to sneeze
Mangeo, itching
Mangio, to burn; to itch
Mangiongio, chilblain
Mania, to be on edge, as the teeth; to be jarred
Mare, cough or cold
Marere, to fall; to die
Karu, to be bruised; killed
Matakoma, swollen
Matangerengere, benumbed; cramped
Matangurunguru, numbness
Matapo, blind
Matarekereke, to be benumbed
Mate, sickness
Matenga, death sickness
Materawa, severe illness; death
Matengatenga, to be sore or benumbed; to be cramped
Matihe, to sneeze
Matorutoru, benumbed
Matutu, to be well; to be convalescent
Mauiui, weariness
Menemene, to hackle; to cough
Momoe, to blink; to wink
Motu, cut; severed
Muna, Munamuna, ringworm; a circular scab
Mungutu, scab; a swelling of the head and entire body
Mutumutu, kind of leprosy; when the first joint of the fingers and toes fall off
Nanakia, gnawing, as pain
Nanati, Natinati, to be tight or contracted
Natu, to scratch
Natunatu, to scratch
Nawe, scar; a burn
Ngahoahoa, headache
Ngaoko, to itch
Ngaruru, headache
Ngau, to bite
Ngene, scrofula of the neck; the Goitre
Ngenge, weariness
Ngerengere, swelling of the eyeball; the leprosy; said to be communicated by the touch
Ngerengeremumutu, swelling of the head from the heat of the sun, which causes blood to flow from the nose
Ngoikore, weakness; infirmity
Ngongengonge, lame man; a cripple
Ngongo, sick person; to waste away; to grow thin
Ngoni, extreme weakness
Ngungu, hump backed person
Nguturiwa, hair lip; a split lip
Nohu, sinking with pain
Nonoti, to strangle
Nope, gnawing pain
Nuke, to be bent; crooked
Oka, to bleed
Okeoke, to be weak; restless; a sick person
Paeoki, consumption of the lungs
Pahoahua, headache
Pahore, graze
Pahunu, to burn
Pahupahu, fester
Paipai, ringworm; it is also applied to the excoriations of infants, to chafings, &c.
Pakira, bald person
Pakiwara, venereal disease
Pakoko, barren; fruitless
Panapana, to throb
Papahanga, sore eyes
Papahewa, sore eyes
Paparewa, thin; emaciated
Para, to be affected with pimples
Pararutiki, naturalized word generally applied to a kind of chicken pox
Paroparo, withered; decayed
Parori, sprain
Patito, scald head
Patotoi, to be chapped
Pawera, fever
Piko, hump back
Poauau, ague
Poe, Poepoe, complaint of the eye
Pohe, blindness
Pokapoka, scrofulous sores
Pokapoka o te kanohi, bursting of the lachrymal duct, &c.
Porangi, deranged person. Syn. with Haurangi
Porewarewa, mad person
Potete, deranged person
Poupou, boils on the skin
Pouturi, deafness
Puhipuhi, swelling and scabs
Puhoi, deaf
Pukaki, scrofulous swelling of the neck
Puku, swelling or boil, not broken
Pumuka, to stab
Puni, retention of urine
Pupuhi, swelling
Pura o te kanohi, blindness; a film mote
Raku, scratch
Rakuraku, cutaneous eruption. Syn. with Hikihaki
Rangiroro, giddiness
Raupa, sore or crack of the skin
Raurau. Syn. with Parukotiki
Rekareka, itching
Renga, secretion of the eye
Rewarewa, sickness; an epidemic; influenza attended with violent pains of the head, throat, and chest. Syn. with Korewarewa
Ringamutu, kind of leprosy. Syn. with Mutumutu
Ro, matter
Roke, indurated fæces
Roromi, infanticide
Rou, club foot. Syn. with Ape
Ruaki, sickness; vomiting
Ruwa, weary
Taeawa, cold; catarrh
Tahu o te kiri, fever
Taipo, deranged person
Takarau, venereal disease. Syn. with Pakiwara
Takoki, sprain. Syn. with Parori
Tangorongoro, blister
Tanihi, blind of one eye
Tanoe, sprain; rheumatism
Tanoni, sprain
Tanuku, internal pain
Tapa, chapped
Tarakura, complaint on the skin
Tare, to groan
Taringaturi, deafness
Taru, disease
Taruku, dysentery
Tatao, to bleed from the nose
Taui, swelling in the foot from walking
Tawiri, sprain
Tengatenga, cramp
Teteka, benumbed
Tetere, swelling
Tihe, Tihewa, Tiia, to sneeze
Tikuku, dysentery
Tingara, name of a pestilence which formerly visited this island and carried off great numbers
Tioro, to be jarred
Tipu, scrofulous sores. Syn, with Pokapoka
Tiputa, scrofulous sore; swelled eyes
Titere, swelling. Syn. with Kotere
Titupu, chapping of the skin
Tiwa, slight baldness; to squint
Tokatoka, cutaneous eruption
Tokeroa, thin, lean person
Tokohana, Tokomaori, hiccough
Tona, wart
Tongako, scabbed; festered
Toretore, inflamation of the eyes
Toriwai, watery eyes
Toriwaitia, to be affected with watery eyes
Toroea, dysentery
Torotini, dysentery
Tote, Totete, to limp
Toto, to bleed
Touwa, to swell
Tuarapiko, bent person
Tuhauwiri, shaking with cold
Tunga, toothache
Tungapuku, gum boil; a swelled cheek
Tungaraupapa, toothache
Tupua, fester. Syn. with Hetu
Turi, deafness
Turingongengone, lameness; weakness in the knee
Turiwataitai, benumbed; a shivering
Turiwetautau, benumbed
Turorirori, to shake; to totter, as the legs of a sick person
Turoro, sick person
Tuwenua, kind of leprosy. Syn. with Ringamutu
Uruumu, swelling
Waea, weary
Waehaua, lame person
Wahangu, dumb
Waihakihaki, disease of the skin; the itch
Wakaahu, to swell
Wakahemo, to consume or waste away
Wakahemohemo, to attend to a person in his last illness
Wakaka, rheumatic fever
Wakakikiwa, to blink the eyes, as in pain
Wakamahu, to heal
Wakamamae, to cause pain
Wakangaromia, to choke
Wakaomoomo, to attend upon a sick person
Wakaraaki, to make sick
Wango, groan
Wango, defective in speech
Warehaua, lame person
Waro, cough
Watero, to put out the tongue
Waturama, rupture
Wawati, chap on the skin
Weminga, sneezing
Weoro, to be jarred
Wera, burn; a scald
Wewe, boil which has burst.
Part V.
Parts of Trees.
Auru, to break off
Eka, mouldy substance
Harakeke, flax
Heu, brushwood
Hiako, bark; rind
Hua, fruit
Ikararaua, middle fibre of a leaf
Kakano, grain
Karo, fruit of the Tataka
Kauru, head of a tree; the crooked root of the Toi
Kiri, bark; rind
Korari, flax; the stalk of the flax
Korito, heart of the fern tree
Koroi, fruit of the Kahikatea
Mahuri, young tree
Makowa, expanded, as a leaf
Manga, branch
Mati, fruit of the Fuschia
Mauku, cooked fruit of the Ti tree
Mauti, grass
Mimiha, resin; a bituminous substance
Mingimingi, knot in timber
Muka, fine flax
Otaota, weeds
Pakiaka, root
Peka, branch; firewood
Peke, fork of a tree
Pia, gum of the flax plant, and of the fern tree; also the saccharine exudation from the Manuka
Pokere, pulp of the Tawa berry
Pona, joint, or knob, in a tree
Poporo, potatoe apple
Pota, prepared flax
Pua, flower
Puaka, flower; small branches of trees
Puawai, flower
Pumanga, knot in timber
Pureke, outside of the flax leaf
Putake, root
Rahurahu, fern
Rakau, tree
Rarahu, fern
Rarauhe, fern
Rau, leaf
Renga, good fern root
Rito, heart of the fern tree
Take, root
Takirikau, best flax, scraped with the nail
Tanikoniko, vein in timber
Tarutaru, grass
Tihore, Syn. with Takirikau
Tipoto, prepared flax
Ti-waranui, best flax
Tohika, manna obtained from the Manuka
Toko, Tokotoko, stick
Tumu, stump
Tumutumu, stump
Tuware, worked flax
Ururua, thicket
Wahia, firewood
Ware, resin
Witau, common flax.
Parts of Fish, Birds, &c.
He weke, lateral fin
Hiawero, beast's tail
Hiore. Syn. with Hiawero
Hiku, tail
Kopai, bird's nest
Kowanga, nest with young birds in it
Kurutu, bird's tail
Pi, young of birds
Piha, gill
Pikari, young birds
Popoia, lateral fin
Rapa, dorsal fin
Raurau, caudal fin
Titiko, bird's tail
Toretore, roe of fish
Unahi, scales of fish
Waero, tail of an animal.
A List of Some of the Vegetable Productions of New Zealand, Available as Food for Man.
N.B.—Intended for the use of travellers in the interior of the country.
Dicotiledones.
Nat. Ord. Cruciferæ; Cress Fam.; Genus Cardamine.
-
Panapana,
small cress, growing abundantly in most damp, shady places; it has a diminutive white flower; the leaf, in taste, resembles the common cress. -
Hanea,
larger kind; an aquatic species, found by the side of rivers; it bears a yellow flower, and somewhat resembles the Ladies' Smock. -
Nau,
large plantvery similar in size and appearance to the common wall flower; it is found in rocky places, and bears a white flower.
Nat. Ord. Eleocarpeæ.
Hinau Eleocarpus, Hinau Dæcira dentata.
A beautiful and valuable timber tree, producing a berry with a hard stone. The berry is edible, but unless prepared in the native way it has a very harsh taste. Before it is used as food the natives steep it for several days in running water, after which the farinaceous part is easily separated from the stone and becomes a fine meal of an olive colour, which is kneaded into cakes; these are are highly prized, so
Nat. Ord. Oxalidaceæ.
Reti-reti, Tutaekahu, Oxalis Urvillei. There are four varieties of the sorrel; the largest, and most abundant, bears a pretty yellow flower and is found on the sand hills, by the sea side, as well as in the woods; it is a wholesome vegetable when boiled.
Nat. Ord. Rosaceæ.
Taraheke, leafless kind.
Taramoa; there are three varieties of the bramble; the more common one is abundant in the forest, where it climbs to the tops of the loftiest trees, and sometimes is found with a stem eight inches in diameter; its fruit is small with large seeds, but it has an agreeable flavour, and might be improved by cultivation.
Nat. Ord. Piperaceæ.
Kawa kawa; Piper excelsus; this elegant shrub bears a fruit similar in shape and taste, before it is ripe, to the Jamaica long pepper; when fully ripe it is of a yellowish cream colour, with black seeds, and has an agreeable flavour; the leaves are infused as tea, and when brewed, make a very refreshing beer.
Nat. Ord. Myrtaceæ.
Ramarama, Rohutu, New Zealand Myrtle; it produces an ill flavoured, though edible berry.
Kahikatoa, Manuka, Lepto spermum scoparium; the leaves of this shrub are a very common substitute for tea; it produces also a saccharine substance, like manna, called Pia and Tohika, which is eaten.
Nat. Ord. Umbelliferæ.
Pinaikere, Fæniculum; this plant grows in great abundance in the interior plains; it has a strong smell of the aniseed or fennel; both the leaves and root are eaten; the latter resembles the carrot in size.
Kuweo, He Paipai, Taramea, thorny plant abounding in the central plains; its tender shoot and carrot shaped root are both eaten.
Nat. Ord. Passifloreæ.
Aka, Popohue, Kohia, Kohi, Powiwi, Tawiwi, passion flower of this country; it bears a fruit of a bright orange colour, about the size of a cherry; the seeds are embedded in a crimson pulp, and from them the natives formerly expressed a fragrant oil; the pulp has an agreeable flavour.
Nat. Ord. Onagrariæ.
Kohutukutuku, Kohutuhutu, Kotukutuku, Konini, Fuschia excortica; the fruit is of the size and shape of a horsebean, of a deep purple color; it is sweet, though rather insipid.
Nat. Ord. Ficoideae.
Naupiro, Mesembryanthemum; pig's ear; this plant produces an insipid fruit, which can be eaten; the leaves make a very good pickle; it is generally found in the vicinity of the sea.
Nat. Ord. Compositæ.
Korau, Poronea, Puwa, Rauriki, Aotea, Puroa, sowthistle, springs up spontaneously in every spot which has been cultivated, and is generally used as a vegetable by the natives.
Nat. Ord. Eriaceæ.
Patotara, diminutive shrub bearing a bright orange berry, as large as a currant.
Nat. Ord. Epacrideæ.
Tarakupenga, low shrub growing on sandhills; it produces a small edible berry, like a currant.
Nat. Ord. Convolvulaceæ.
Pohue, Panapa, Pohuehue, Calystegia sepium, Calystegia solbanella, convolvulus edulus; there are three varieties of the Convolvulus, each having a long fleshy root which was formerly used as a vegetable.
Nat. Ord. Coriaræ.
Tupakihi, Tutu, Puhoa, Taweku, Coriaria sarmentosa; there are three varieties of this shrub, each diminishing in size; the least not growing more than three inches high; they all bear fruit, which is produced in clusters, not unlike
Nat. Ord. Solanae.
Poroporo, Turunui, Koheuheu, Raupeti laciniatum; there are two or three varieties of this family; one, a large shrub, producing a berry about the size of a gooseberry, which is eaten. The leaves of the other, Raupeti, resembling the common English night shade, are eaten by the natives either raw or cooked.
Nat. Ord. Chenopodeæ.
Rengarenga, Tetragonia expansa, New Zealand Spinach; it was first brought into notice by Captain Cook, who found it useful as an antiscorbutic; the natives use it as food; it is chiefly found in low swampy grounds near the sea, and is easily propagated from seed; it is perennial; there are several varieties.
Nat. Ord. Coniferae.
Rimu, Dacridium cupressinum; a noble tree, and by far the most beautiful of the New Zealand pines; it produces a small fruit, with the seed externally attached, which is much prized by the natives, the smallness of the size being made up by its abundance; this tree produces a resin which is both sweet and bitter; the wood, also, possesses the same qualities; an infusion might be used for beer.
Te Mai, Matai, Taxus matai: this pine resembles the English Yew in the form of its leaf; the fruit is a black, or purple berry, about the size of a wild cherry; it is sweet and rather slimy, but of an agreeable flavour.
Miro, Podocarpus ferruginea; the fruit of this pine is about the size of a small plum, rather flattened; it is a bright red externally, with a yellow pulp inside, which covers a large hard stone; the flavour is sweet but rather bitter, very
Kahikatea, Podocarpus excelsus; the fruit of this pine is similar to that of the Rimu; its wood and resin also have the same qualities as the former; Captain Cook brewed beer from it for his men during his stay in New Zealand.
Nat. Ord. Laurineae.
Karaka, Corynocarpus laerrigator; this beautiful Laurel produces a fruit about twice the size of a large Acorn, of an orange colour, having somewhat the flavour of an apricot, but by far too strong to be agreeable; the kernel is as large as an Acorn; until it has been cooked and steeped in a running stream for a fortnight it is very poisonous; after it has undergone this process it is much prized as an article of food by the natives.
Tawa, Laurus Tawa; the fruit of this tree has some-what the appearance of a wine-sour plum, and it is very sweet with a slight flavour of turpentine; the kernel, when cooked, is also eaten; the bark, when infused, furnishes the traveller with a wholesome, as well as a grateful beverage, which does not require the addition of sugar.
Kohe, Kohekohe, Laurus Kohekohe; the large leaves of this beautiful tree are extremely bitter, and may be used in the same way as Peruvian bark.
Taraire, Laurus macrophylla; this tree produces a long, oval fruit, about the size of the date; the pulp is sweet, but has too strong a taste of turpentine to be agreeable.
Nat. Ord. Amentaceae.
Titoki, Tokitoki, Topitopi, Alectryon excelsum; this tree bears a singular looking fruit, more agreeable to the eye than to the taste; it is contained in a calyx, which bursts open and discloses the fruit of a bright red fleshy appearance, having a black seed in the centre, from which the natives extract an oil; the fruit is sweet, but has a very rough taste.
Monocotyledones.
Nat. Ord. Orchideae.
Maikaika; there are several members of this family, which all produce edible roots; when roasted they are not
Pereiperei; this plant is only found in dense forests; it has tuberous roots, in size resembling the Kumara, but it is more prolific than even the potatoe; the tubers, when cooked, are sweet and mealy.
Nat. Ord. Asphodelae.
Harakeke, Phormium tenax; this plant, when in bloom, has the calyx of its flowers filled with honey, or, rather, with a sweet water, which the natives drink; one plant will produce nearly half a pint; at the root of the leaves is found a considerable quantity of semi-liquid gum, which is also eaten.
Rengarenga, Arthropodium cirratum; this is the New Zealand representative of the Lily, and is one of its most beautiful flowers; the root is large and fleshy, and is eaten.
Nat. Ord. Smilaceae.
Whanake, Ti, Cordyline Australis; there are several varieties of this tree, all of which have long tap roots, which the natives cook; they have then a bitter sweet taste; the early Missionaries brewed excellent beer from them; the tender shoots are also eaten, and, although rather bitter, make a wholesome dish; the Toi dracedra also has a large tap root, which is likewise eaten; the Kouka is another variety which may be used in a similar way.
Kiekie, Uriuri, Ori, Tiore, Patangatanga, Freycinetia Banksii; this plant is found in forests, whereit sometimes runs along the ground or climbs up the trees; it bears a male and female flower, the inner leaves of which are white, thick and fleshy; they are also tender and sweet and form a delicious fruit in Spring; in Autumn the pistils of the female flower, which are generally three, sometimes four in number, increase in size until they attain a length of nearly a foot, and a diameter of three inches; the outer skin is rough and very bitter, but when scraped off, it exposes the pulp of the fruit, which, when fully ripe, is very sweet and of an agreeable flavour; this may be considered by far the finest native fruit in New Zealand; the flower fruit is called Tawara, and is ripe in Spring; the other is called Pirori and Teure, and is in season at the commencement of Winter.
Kowarawara, Astelia Banksii; this plant is an epiphyte and produces its fruit in bunches, which is like a small red currant, with a small black seed in it; it is sweet and viscid.
Kokaha; this plant resembles the former in leaf, but grows on the ground; its root is eaten.
Nat. Ord. Palmaceae.
Nikau, Miko, Areca sapida; the tender shoot is eaten, either raw or cooked; in the former state it has the taste of a nut.
Nat. Ord. Graminaceæ.
Pingao, Elymus; this is a coarse sedgy grass which runs over the sandhills in the vicinity of the sea, principally on the West coast; the tender shoot is sweet and palatable, and is eaten.
Nat. Ord. Cyperaceae Typhaceae.
Raupo, Typha angustifolia; the root, Korere, of this sedge runs deep in the swamps and attains a considerable size; it is white, tender, and cellular, filled with a fine mealy substance, which is eaten.
Acotyledones.
Nat. Ord. Filices.
Korau, Pitau, Mamaku, Cyathea medullus; this is the most beautiful of the New Zealand arborescent ferns; its long, graceful leaves and jet black stalks, with its tender fronds, curled so as to form no inapt resemblance of a crozier, are sure to arrest the traveller's attention in the forest; the entire stem being peeled is eaten, and when cooked in the hangi, (Mamaku) is very good; one tree will dine a large party; it is a favorite dish of the natives; it is also worthy of notice that the pith of the cooked Mamaku, when dried in the sun, forms no bad substitute for sago.
Rarauhe, Pteris esculenta; this is the common fern, the root of which (Aruhe or Roi) is eaten; when well beaten, roasted, and deprived of its fibres, it is good eating; the proper time for digging it, is the early part of November, when it is stacked (Titara) and carefully protected from the
Uwipara, Paratawiti; a very rare fern growing in the densest parts of the forest, having a very long and slender leaf; the root is scaly, like that of the white lily, each scale being of a considerable size; these are roasted and considered a great delicacy.
Nat. Ord. Fungi.
Harori; the New Zealand forests abound with them, and many are edible; of such are the following:—the Hakekakeka, which has a brown leathery appearance; the Hawai, which is the same as the Roupou; the Aaroritui, which is a large white fungus; the Wairuru, and the Powata.
Parekoko, Panako, Tubar cibarium; this truffle nearly resembles the European; it is abundant, but difficult to discover; the natives esteem it as an article of food; there are several varieties of it.
Nat. Ord. Algae.
Rimu, Chondrus Chrispus; this sea weed is generally used by the natives, being boiled with the juice of the Tutu, which it converts into a jelly; it possesses all the properties of the Carrigeen moss, and will, doubtless, before long be as highly prized by the Europeans as it is by the natives.
Most of the Algae of the New Zealand shores are edible and still occasionally used as food.
The following Table Will Assist in Shewing the Close Connexion Between the Natives of New Zealand and the Polynesian Race in General:—
Atua, general name for the Diety isles.
Aitua, satisfaction of the spirit, an evil omen; Aitua, Spirit, Samoan, Rorotonga; Maitu, Pau.
Aka, creeping plant, a liand; Tonga, Rarotonga, Mangarewa, Nukahiva.
Akaaka, root of a potatoe; Samoa, Tahaiti, Hawaii, Vitia, Tarawa.
Hue, general name for the pumpkin or melon, or creeping vines; Fue, Pohue, convolvus; Fue Fue, wild vine, Sam.; Hue, Nuk., Haw.; Pohuehue, do.; Pohue, Tah.; the gourd convol., Braziliensis.
Huhu, moth; Uu, Rar., Nuk., an insect of the beetle kind.
Hutu, a tree; Phillocladus Trichamanoides, Tah. and Nuk., the Barringtonia speciosa; Ifi, Sam. Ton.; ihi, Nuk. a species of chesnut.
Ipu, calabash, cup; Sam., Tong., Nuk., Tah., Mang., Haw.
Iro, maggot. Ilo, Haw.; Vio, Tah.; Io, Nuk.
Kaho, and Kakaho, reed, a rush; Kaho, Tong.; Kakaho, Tong.; Kakao, Mang.; Aeho, Tah.; Ahuawa, Haw.
Kakau, handle of a tool, the stalk or stem of a plant, Nuk.; Kau, Tang.; Au, Sam., Haw.
Kawakawa; evidently used when the natives first arrived as Cava; the memory of the custom is preserved in the names of places where they used to meet for drinking it, as Kawaranga, in the Thames.
Kete, basket; Rar., Mang.; Ete, Sam., Haw.; Kete in the Tong. and Vit., is the stomach or belly.
Kiri, skin, Rar.; Kili, Fakaafa, Tong.; Iri, Tah.; Ili, Haw.; Kii, Nuk.; a skin, bark, rind; also a rasp, file, originally of the Shark's skin.
Kiore, rat, Mang.; Kiole, Pau.; Iole, Sam., Haw.
Kirikiri, gravel, pebbles, Tar.; Kilikili, Iliili, Sam., Haw.
Ko, native spade, Nuk.; O, Tah., Haw.
Kuku, muscle, shell fish, Tong.; ùù, Sam., Haw.
Kuku, pigeon; Nuk., a green dove.
Kukupa, pigeon, Pau.; Uupa, Tah.
Kumara, sweet potatoe, Batata; Kumara, Mang.; Kumaa, or, Kumawa, Nuk.; Umara, Tah.; Uala, Haw.
Kumete, Umete, Ubique, wooden bowl.
Kupenga, Upenga, Upena, Upea, Ubique, sieve.
Kuri, dog, Rar., Mang.; Kuli, Tong.; Uli, Sam.; Uri, Tah.
Mai, pine tree; Mai, Mea, Tong., Mang., Nuk., Tar.; Maiore, Tah., Mang., Pau.; Aeiore, Haw.; breadfruit tree.
Mahana, warm; Tah., the sun, a day.
Marae; properly the court before the Tohunga's house; it applied to any open space in a pa; in Tahaiti it is a sacred enclosure.
Miro, Podocarpus ferrugenea, Tah.; Mo, Nuk.; a tree, Thespicia populneae.
Moa, New Zealand, large extinct bird; Ubique, the common fowl.
Paraua, sperm whale; Palaoa, Haw.; Paaoa, Nuk.; Mang., same as New Zealand.
Poepoe, ball used in play; a round thing; Fae, Tong., Haw., Rar.; Poe, Tah., Rar., Mang., a pearl.
Pona, knot, Sam., Rar., Nuk., Haw., the parts of a sugar cane between the joints.
Ponapona, joint; Pona, Nuk.
Pungawerewere, spider; Punavelevele, Haw.; Punaveevee, Nuk.
Rae, Lae, Ae, Ubique, forehead.
Rata, tree; Lata, Tah., Tuscarpus edulis; Lata, Tong., a tree, Metrosideros robusta.
Rau, a leaf, Rar., Mang., Pau.; Lau, La, Sam.; Lau, Lou, Tong.; Lau, Hau.; Au, Ou, Nuk.; Ndrau, Ndra, Vit.; a leaf, foliage raurau, Tah.
Romi, Roromi, to rub, press, or squeeze; Lomi, Lolomi, Omi, to shampoo.
Rongomai, a New Zealand god; Tahaiti, Te Rongo.
Roro, brain; Oo, Nuk., the core of the breadfruit; Lolo, Sam., the kernel of the old cocoanut; Lolololo, fat; Lolo, Tong., oil, oily, Haw.
Rororoi, kind of pudding formed of mashed kumara or potatoe; Loloi, Tong.; Tutolo, Haw.; Turoro, Mang., a pudding in which cocoanut oil is an ingredient.
Ruru, owl; Lulu, Sam., Tong., Vit.
Tangaroa; one of the most ancient of the New Zealand gods; Taaroa, in Tahaiti, is regarded as the Creator.
Taro, arum; Talo, Tao, Ubique.
Ti, throughout the islands, name of a tree in New Zealand, Dracaena Australis.
Tohora, black whale, Tah., Haw.; Tafola, Sam., Fak.; Tafoa, Tong.
Tupapaku, dead body; Tupapau, Tah.
Uri, fruit of the kiekie; Kulu, Niua, Kuru, Rar.; Paiuru, Tah.; Ulu, Haw., the breadfruit.
Wata, stand, or raised platform for food; Fata, Tah.
Wau, paper mulberry; a tree said by the natives to have been originally brought with them; from its inner bark, they formerly made a kind of cloth, used by females as a cincture for the hair; Fau, Sam., Tong., Nuk., the hibiscus liliaceus, a tree from whose bark the natives make twine; Vau, Vit.; the hibiscus; the cincture worn by women is made from its bark; Fau, Fak.; Pau, Haw.
Wiwi, rush; Wi, Tafifi, Tah.; Tau, Rar.; Tahihi, Haw.; Tawiwi, to ensnare, entangle, to be entangled in the rushes.
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