The Samoa (N.Z.) Expeditionary Force 1914

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The Samoa (N.Z.)Expeditionary Force 1914–1915 An account based on official records of the Seizure and Occupationby New Zealand of the German Islands of Western Samoa. By Stephen John Smith,Late 5th (Wellington) Regiment,Secretary Samoa Administration in MilitaryOccupation, 1915–1918 Copyright Wellington. N.Z.: Ferguson & Osborn, Limited Printers, Publishers & Booksellers, 202 Lambton Quay 1924

To Our Immortal Dead: To the Maimed and the Broken: To those who, in Babyhood nurtured and through Childhood days guided them— Who bade them, as Soldiers, Good-bye; Whose prayers for protection followed them till on farflung battlefields they fell— Heroes of Heroes Born: This work is reverently dedicated.

Contents

Page List of Illustrations 6 Foreword by Right Hon. W. F. Massey, P.C., Prime Minister ofNew Zealand 8 Foreword by Colonel Robert Logan, C.B., A.D.C., N.Z.S.C., CommanderSamoan Expeditionary Force and Administrator ofSamoa, 1914-1919 10 Chapter 1. Britain's Call to Her Youngest Dominion 13 2. Mobilizing an Expenditionary Force for an Unknown Destination 15 3. Embarkation 23 4. At Sea 30 5. Noumea, New Caledonia 39 6. Proceeding Under Escort 47 7. Suva, Fiji 51 8. Operation Orders 53 9. The Seizure of Samoa 57 10. Apia as We Found It 66 11. Settling Down in Occupation 71 12. Rumours and Alarms 78 13. Pests and Diseases 82 14. The Civil Administration 85 15. The Schamhorst and Gneisenau 93 16. Housing the Troops 96 17. The Daily Round 99 18. "The Pull Thro'" 105 19. Garrison Life 112 20. Christmas Festivites 120 21. Warnings of an Invasion 124 22. Relief at Last 130 Embarkation Roll 133 Roll of Honour (Photographs) 180

Preface

The Samoan Committee, which, under the presidency of W. G. ("Mother") Morpeth, has been in existence since our return to civil life, in March last obtained from the Canteen Funds Board a small grant for the purpose of writing the History of the Samoan Expeditionary Force, and a modest work was put immediately in hand.

How apprehensive I was when, under pressure from the other members of the Committee, and much against my better judgment, I undertook the writing! And how dismayed when, upon delving into the records of the Historical Section at Defence Headquarters, I found the records of the Force so meagre!

But, sustained by the cheerful optimism of the Committee, the ready help of the Literary Sub-Committee (Sister Brandon and Philip Barcham) and the response from all parts of the Dominion from hundreds of ex-members and next-of-kin to my appeal for photograph and anecdote, the work proceeded.

Many contributions have been omitted from the narrative only because of lack of space, and my thanks go out to the generous donor. To all who have assisted in making the writing of the History possible, whose names are far too numerous to mention, I tender my sincere thanks. Especially am I grateful to the Literary Sub-Committee above-named for Chapter XVIII., to Major E. Puttick for maps, to Captain W. M. Bell, A.D.C., "Vailima" and A. J. Tattersall, Esq., Apia, for exhibits and photographs, to the painstaking staff in charge of Defence Records, and to the ever-helpful staff of the publishers.

Though through the effluxion of time much of interest has been lost to the chronicle, it will no doubt serve as a reminder to survivors of a good job well done, and of many gallant comrades who, later, on almost every battlefield of the Great Campaign, did what they went out prepared to do on the sunny shores of Samoa had Fate so decreed.

Happy in this belief I lay down my pen, the joy of the labour having physicked the pain of the toil.

S.J.S.

Wellington, N.Z.,

4/8/24

List of Illustrations

Page Hoisting the Flag, Apia, 30th August, 1914 Frontispiece Lord Liverpool announcing the Declaration of War 14 Colonels Robert Logan, C.B., A.D.C., N.Z.S.C. 16 N.Z. Railway Engineers parading at Wellington, nth August, 1914 19 Lt.-Col. C. Harcourt Turner, O.C., 5th (Wellington) Regiment 24 T. Brig.-General H. T. Fulton, D.S.O., C.M.G., C. de G., O.C., 3rd(Auckland) Regiment 25 Are We Downhearted? 31 Painting Ship 32 Route Taken by the Samoan Expeditionary Force, August, 1914(Map) 34 Upolu, showing various Points of Contemplated Attack (Map) 36 Washing Day 38 First Sight of Land, Noumea, New Caledonia 40 First Greetings from Noumea 40 The Montcalm 40 Noumea 40 New Zealanders ashore at Noumea, New Caledonia 44 Noumea, showing Escort 45 Coaling Ship at Noumea 46 Dropping the Pilot at Noumea 48 Suva, Fiji 51 Apia and Environs (Map) 56 Anxious Moments—Troops awaiting Reply to Summons to Surrender 57 The Arrival of the Expedition off Apia, 29th August, 1914 58 The Summons to Surrender 59 The Landing 60 The Flag Ashore 61 Awaiting Orders to Advance on Apia 62 The Advance on Apia. Troops in front of the Government Offices 62 Bombs prepared by German Staff for Destruction of Wireless Station 63 Proclamation dated 29th August, 1914 65 "Vailima," the home and death-place of Robert Louis Stevenson 67 Hqrs. of late German Firm (D.H. & P.G.), now the Apia Hotel 69 View of Apia Harbour from the above 69 Wireless Locomotive—Converted from Sea-going Engine 72 Racecourse Camp, August, 1914 74 Malifa Camp—5th (Wellington) Regiment on parade 74 Samoan Police 75 Third Aucklanders and their Barracks at Vaea 76 The Signallers 79 Coastal Scene 80 A Daily Sight at the Hospital 83 New Zealand Medical Corp 89 Apia Hospital 84 Captain William Henry Dillon Bell 88 The Civil Staff, 1914 89 Sample Administration Treasury Note 91 Sample of overprinted German stamps 92 German Ships in Apia Harbour (showing Scharnhorst) 93 "D" Battery 97 New Zealand Field Engineers 97 Early Morning Route Marches 99 Typical Coconut Plantations 100 Vaea Camp 102 "D" Battery Camp 102 Sketches from "The Pull Thro'" 110 Transport 113 The Mounted Patrol 113 Fifth (Wellington) Machine Gunners 115 Fifth (Wellington) Regimental Band 118 Troops playing Bowls with Breadfruit 118 Christmas Cheer 121 Noumea Heads 123 Apia Wireless Station 125 The Wireless Garrison 126 Samoa's War Graves: Members of the Samoan Relief Forces 128 The Regimental Band's last Good-bye 130 Embarking for Home—Tofa, Samoa 131

Foreword By the Right Honourable W. F. Massey, P.C., Prime Minister of New Zealand.

The part New Zealand played in the Great War is notable in the annals of British history—brilliantly illumined by records of steadfast devotion to duty, self-sacrifice and courageous deeds of gallant men.

New Zealanders, as a patriotic people of the British Empire, knew their obligations when the call sounded and their ready response to arms was equalled only by their daring achievements as soldiers fighting in defence of the homes, lives and liberties of fellow-countrymen and of their kinsmen overseas.

Within twenty-five days after the declaration of war New Zealand troops had without bloodshed hoisted the Empire's flag in Western Samoa—German territory. The importance of the event and the secrecy and celerity with which it was accomplished kindled the Empire's patriotism, and brought the highest praise to the New Zealanders in their achievement. The men entered on the undertaking with grave dangers facing them, but these they did not heed. For it was known when the force set sail that a powerful German Squadron was moving in readiness in the Pacific and as the troopships were convoyed by the small cruisers "Physche," "Philomel" and "Pyramus," disaster could easily have overtaken them.

There was the added danger of the possibility of the Germans having garrisoned Samoa with reservists from their merchant ships and South American ports and with men, guns and armaments from the German warships then in the Pacific. Had these eventualities occurred there would have been tough fighting and loss of life.

These dangers our New Zealand boys faced with that equanimity and bravery which typified their conduct throughout the war. Though they were able to achieve the task set them without firing a shot they well deserved the same credit received for the high courage displayed by the heroes whose blood was so freely spilled at the Anzac landing, in France and on other battlefields of the Great War.

The fortitude of the men of the force during the period of their occupancy of Samoa should not be forgotten. For seven months under trying conditions, of which they had had no previous experience; through the worst part of the tropical year— the rainy season—the men did their duty to the Empire without the loss of a single life. That surely is a tribute to the men themselves and to the medical and nursing staffs.

All honour is due to the Samoan Force for its work, and that honour has been whole-heartedly given.

A black and white sample of W. F. Massey's handwritten signature.

Wellington,

24th July, 1924.

Foreword By Colonel Robert Logan, C.B., Commander of the Samoan Expeditionary Force.

Sitting at breakfast in an old Tudor Hall, with last night's log still smouldering in the great four hundred year old fireplace, whilst outside, the narrow Devonshire lanes are yellow with primroses just passed their glory, and here and there a heliotrope coloured "milkmaid" shows flower, comes a letter from the Antipodes asking me to write a foreword to the History of the Samoan Expeditionary Force.

I look around the old walls, hung with Samoan tapa cloth, with German flag surmounted by Union Jack, here a fly whisk, there an orator's staff, and in one corner a Samoan cricket bat. On a window sill (the walls are four feet in thickness) a ava bowl, and on a chair an iasiga given to me by that friend of all of us, Monty Betham—alas now no more.

My memory goes back to the barrack yard at Mount Cook, where first I came face to face with the Advance Guard of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force; to the wet, cold harbour of Wellington, where we lay for 48 hours, and from which we silently crept out in the cold, grey dawn of an August morning. The meeting with our Naval escort in the open ocean, our visit to New Caledonia and our enthusiastic welcome there; then on to Fiji, and, finally, the sight of Samoa.

Steaming past Amaile and along the North coast of Upolu that memorable morning, a vivid recollection is the stillness on board. Most of us were thinking hard; some were praying silently who had not prayed for a long time. One of the Psalms for the day was impressive—"If I take the wings of the morning and remain in the uttermost parts of the sea: even there also shall Thy hand lead me, and Thy right hand shall hold me."

Of the landing and holding I need not speak—that is the work of the compiler of this history; and it was by each man doing his own job that life was possible in the tropics in those days which now seem so far off.

We had troubles and misunderstandings, but we learned to respect each other, and the work we found to do we did with a will.

If occasionally we have a longing to be back in-those lovely islands it is not surprising, but would realisation come up to expectation?

A page once turned is a page finished with, but we retain the recollections of friendships made, of good work done in company with good men, and it is a remembrance with which we would be loath to part.

To me also is the honour of having commanded the First Expeditionary Force to leave New Zealand, and my gratitude goes out to the men of whom it was composed.

Soifua.

A black and white sample of Robert Logan's handwritten signature.

Weycroft Manor, Axminster, Devonshire,

21st April, 1924.

Hoisting the Flag, Apia, 30th August, 1914.

The Samoan Expeditionary Force.

Chapter I.Britain's Call To Her Youngest Dominion.

"Fellow subjects: War has broken out with Germany."

The blow had fallen and the worst fears were realised! What one short month before was undreamed of and unthinkable in our happy and prosperous country had actually come to pass and we were at death's grips with Germany, with her enormous resources, her mighty army and vaunted navy.

Some who heard the announcement cheered, but many of the assemblage of Wellington's citizens who heard those ominous words, spoken by the Earl of Liverpool, on that eventful 5th August, 1914, had a very real premonition of the tortures of mind to be endured and the terrible losses to be sustained during the struggle that had been forced upon us.

Within an hour of that memorable gathering Parliament had reassembled and unanimously and in silence passed a resolution approving the steps already taken by the New Zealand Government in offering an Expeditionary Force to the Mother Country.

Without delay, the same evening, a call was issued from Defence Headquarters, Wellington, for volunteers for home defence, and, possibly, for service abroad, and spontaneously from all parts of the Dominion came pouring in offers of assistance in men and material.

But the question of an Expeditionary Force was not long left in doubt. On 7th a secret cabled despatch was received by the Governor General, which read:—

"If your ministers desire and feel themselves able to seize German wireless station at Samoa we should feel that this was a great and urgent Imperial service. You will realise, however, that any territory now occupied must at the conclusion of the war be at the disposal of the Imperial Government.…"

Lord Liverpool announcing the declaration of war from Parliament Buildings, Wellington, 5th August, 1914.

A Cabinet meeting was immediately called. The offer was as promptly accepted. As to its destination the utmost secrecy was observed, but that night instructions issued to Defence Headquarters to mobilise a composite force to consist of headquarters, one battery of field artillery, one section field company N.Z. Engineers, three companies infantry (5th Wellington and 3rd Auckland Regiments) and machine guns, one company N.Z. Railway Engineers, details from the Royal Naval Reserve, a signalling company, motor boat mechanics, details from the Post and Telegraph Company, Army Service Corps, one section N.Z. Field Ambulance, nurses and chaplains—a total of 1363 officers, nurses and men.

Chapter II.Mobilizing an Expeditionary Force for an Unknown Destination.

The choice of the selection of men to form the force fell upon the Wellington and Auckland Military Districts, and without an hour's delay the business of mobilizing commenced.

Colonel Robert Logan, A.D.C., N.Z.S.C., Commanding Auckland Military District, was appointed to command the Force and reported by first train to Headquarters.

It so happened that Friday was the ordinary parade night, both in Wellington and in Auckland, for the units which were to comprise the majority of the force, and owing to the rumours of war there were full musters and excitement ran high.

The 5th Wellington Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel C. Harcourt Turner, was on parade in Wellington, and the appearance of the Commandant with his Chief Staff Officer, and their earnest conversation with the O.C., were sufficient to raise the hopes of the parade to the highest pitch. These hopes were well founded. Colonel Turner received instructions to mobilize for active service overseas, two companies of the Regiment with double machine gun sections, to be ready to embark at 9 a.m. on the following Tuesday.

Captain R. S. McQuarrie, with D. Battery, had anticipated the call, and was ready with his men paraded. His instructions were to mobilize a 4-gun battery, with a strength of four officers and 96 men, to bo ready for embarkation at noon Monday.

No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers, were also on parade under Captain D. J. Gibbs, and the latter was called upon to provide two sections of Engineers.

A rush of volunteers immediately set in, and as a Wellington Battalion parade had already been called for the following afternoon the main work of enrolling was held over for the morrow.

Colonel Robert Logan, C.B., A.D.C., N.Z.S.C.Commander Samoan Expeditionary Force and Administrator of Samoa,1914-1919

But no time was lost in perfecting the organisation required for the task of mobilizing. Details of officers were told off for the purpose of taking attestations, Colonel C. M. Begg, P.M.O., arranged to muster every available medical officer for the purpose of medically examining the volunteers, and arrangements were made with the Defense Stores to have available all necessary extra equipment beyond that already on issue.

Aucklanders also had been moving apace. At Friday's parade a number of the Divisional Signaling Corps had notified their intention of volunteering for service whenever and wherever required, but no official call had then been made. They had not long to wait, for a few hours later they were knocked up from their beds by special messengers from the Defense Department with instructions to proceed to Wellington by that day's train (Saturday) for service overseas. They mobilized early in the morning, 25 men under Lieutenant H. C. Cotton, and despite the fact that only half an hour's notice of their departure had been given to the public, a great crowd assembled at the Auckland railway station to give a fitting send off to the first New Zealand unit to move in the War.

Saturday saw the drill halls and recruiting depots throughout the Wellington and Auckland military districts seething with activity and excitement. At the Wellington Barrack Hall, a band of devoted volunteer workers were busily plying their needles, and carryalls and cholera belts were fast taking shape for inclusion in the kits.

Outside, Buckle Street was a dense crowd of spectators. The drill yard fence gave an airy vantage point to the more agile and the 5th Wellington Regimental Band added a touch of martial music.

A notable feature of the parade was the air of gravity which pervaded everyone, the troops as well as the public. A Force was required for an unknown destination overseas. Many names had been handed in and the serious business of actually enrolling volunteers was about to begin. Officers commanding units were ready to commence the work.

The response was unanimous. Quietly and orderly the volunteers came forward, draft after draft was formed into detachments and marched into the drill shed, where each volunteer underwent a rigid examination at the hands of the Officer Commanding before being passed on for medical examination, attestation for active service, and issue of kit.

Preference in the selection from the many who volunteered was given to men serving with the Territorials, or who had previous volunteering service, and ex-soldiers and sailors of H.M. Forces. But many an ardent spirit resorted to devices fair or foul to be included, and many a sigh of relief was breathed by ex-college boys, whose only service had been a year in the College Cadets, and by volunteers whose only parades had been compulsory ones.

The selection of officers presented a problem, the difficulty not being in the selection of suitable officers, but in the rejection of those beyond the number required. The appointment of N.C.Os. also presented similar difficulties. All volunteers below commissioned rank had been attested as privates though many held commissions in the Territorial Forces and many others had years of service as volunteer officers and N.C.Os.

Owing to the secret nature of the expedition great difficulty was experienced by the Engineers in deciding upon the technical equipment to be taken, but the Royal Engineer mobilization tables were taken to provide sufficient to carry on with. In addition to Captain Gibbs, Lieutenant A. A. Macnab and 58 N.C.O's and men were attested on the Saturday, and completed the complement of the Field Company, N.Z. Engineers.

Four motor launches were also secured and men trained in surfboat work were sworn in to take charge of them.

Practically the full strength of the Battery was attested, the few additional men required being drawn from the reserve.

The establishment of the Battery was to be two 15 pdr. B. L. Mark IV.. and two 6 pdr. Q.F. Nordenfeldt guns, without horses or waggons. With Captain McQuarrie were Lieuts. F. W. Reed and G. H. Forsythe and 2nd Lieut. C. H. Mitchell.

The assembling of the 258 officers and men of the Railway Engineers (though they were drawn from all parts of the South

New Zealand Railway Engineers for Samoa parading at Wellington,11th August, 1914. as well as the North Island), presented no difficulties, owing to the fact that they were all members of the N.Z. Railway Department and of the well-organised and equipped N.Z. Railway Battalions. Within 24 hours of the call being made for volunteers they paraded in Wellington, completely uniformed, armed and equipped. The company was commanded by Captain P. St. J: Keenan, Staff Officer to the Railway Battalions.

Appointed Adjutant 3rd (Auckland) Regiment before embarkation. Lt. H. H. Christophers commanded the Railway Engineers in the Samoan Expedition.

Lieut.-Colonel Matthew Holmes accepted the command of the N.Z. Medical Corps, which was to comprise four medical officers, two dental surgeons, six nursing sisters and 66 rank and file, and was to be equipped as a small base hospital as well as a field ambulance. The nursing sisters were chosen from the senior sisters then in Wellington and Christchurch, who had volunteered for service in the event of war being declared. The dental surgeons, being an innovation, had not had previous territorial rank.

No mention was made as to the possible destination of the force nor the circumstance under which it would be required to work, matters of vital importance, as medical requisites vary considerably between tropical and temperate climates.

It was somewhat difficult to assemble and equip the X.Z.M.C. at such short notice, as they were drawn from the various medical units in the Wellington Medical District, such as Stratford, Masterton, Hastings, Palmerston North and Wellington, but though the telegrams calling for volunteers were despatched only on Saturday the 8th, more than the required number of men arrived in Wellington on the following Monday.

Almost all were serving in the Territorials, or were men who had had previous service with the N.Z.M.C., and there were far more N.C.Os. than were necessary. The establishment was fixed as for a Headquarter's section of Field Ambulance as laid down in War establishment for the Imperial Army, the extra N.C.Os. being instructed that they would have to take the rank and pay of privates. This they all readily consented to do.

The 5th Wellington Regimental Band also had sought and been granted permission to proceed with the Regiment, a condition being imposed that only instrumentalists, who were trained infantrymen were to be permitted to embark. No difficulty was experienced in obtaining a band of 26 men (under Bandmaster P. Cole) who had served their time in the ranks.

Wellington City being unable to provide the full complement of trained machine gunners, the shortage was filled from other machine gun units in the Wellington District, and two well-trained sections under Captains Wilkinson and Simeon, with Lieut. Bennett, were not behindhand in mobilizing.

Sunday the 9th was devoted to further enlisting and to the equipping of the men. The Battery embarked their guns, ammunition and stores, and by noon, Monday, were on parade, fully equipped.

The full complement of the 5th Regiment—18 officers and 541 men—was made up on the Monday, and while the last of the men were being selected a fireman from a steamer that had just made port ran into the drill hall, covered with the evidence of his occupation and with perspiration streaming from his face. He fell in on the left of the squad, too much out of breath to speak, and in due course produced his Imperial Army discharge. He had learned only on reaching port that a force was mobilizing, and had rushed to the drill hall in the hopes that he would not be too late.

Meantime Aucklanders had been moving, and Major W. Kay, Officer Commanding 3rd Auckland Regiment, with five officers and 248 rank and file, had been given a rousing send-off by special train, which left Auckland for Wellington, at 3.30 p.m. on Monday, 10th August.

The train was so overcrowded that the men had to sit upright all night, but they were well feted with warm receptions en route at wayside stations, where residents turned out en masse with the local bands to play them through. They arrived in [Wellington before midday on the following day, a cheerful-looking lot, and appeared to average a good deal older than the local men.

Throughout the Wellington District also the quotas were despatched on Monday, the 10th. At Hawera a detachment of A.S.C. and Medical Corps entrained amidst much enthusiasm, and a detachment of Railway Engineers joined the train at Wanganui. An immense crowd at the Napier railway station farewelled a handful of local men, and at Masterton the whole town turned out with its band to give a fitting send-off to its fourteen volunteers.

Promptly up to time on the Tuesday morning (11th August) the General Officer Commanding was advised that the required Force was on parade, fully equipped and ready to embark.

The work had been performed entirely by the Regimental officers, and without any assistance from the Permanent Staff. Surely this may fairly be claimed to constitute a record for mobilizing an Expeditionary Force for overseas from Territorial units composed of citizens in civil occupations, and may proudly be regarded as an example of the latent patriotism deeply rooted in the British youth of our grand young country.

Conjecture had been rife during the past busy days as to the destination of the Force, and the Prime Minister made a statement on the subject, on the floor of the House: "I have been given to understand," he said, "that an idea obtains in some quarters that our men are not going to the front, but are simply going to be used for garrison duty to relieve regular troops.

"I am in a position to state that this is not the case.

"The N.Z.E.F. will go to Europe, and in all probability they will call at an English port for orders. What I am saying now applies generally, because it must be understood that directly the Force leaves New Zealand they are Imperial troops in every sense of the word, and under the Imperial authorities. What I am saying now may not apply to every company or to every regiment. I am quite sure that our men will be glad to learn that within a few weeks of their leaving here they may be at the front, probably in the firing line."

Author's Note.—When this statement was made the Main Body also had commenced to mobilize, the Samoan Expedition being then known as the Advance Section of the Expeditionary Force.

Chapter III.Embarkation.

On the morning of 12th August, from Buckle Street drill hall, went forth New Zealand's pioneers in the Great War, to embark on the waiting transports. Turning into Cuba Street, heralded by the band, they were soon attended by a cheering crowd, which grew larger and more enthusiastic as the news of their approach preceded the troops through the city.

Shops were deserted, windows and balconies and all possible vantage points suddenly became animated, and for the remainder of the march the column of khaki was bordered by dense masses of people.

The transports, the S.S. "Moeraki" and "Monowai," now known as H.M. Transports Nos. 1 and 2 respectively, lay at the King's Wharf, and with little delay and in good order the troops embarked.

Enthusiasm reached its height about 7 p.m. when, with night throwing its shadows over the port, the transports moved from the wharf. This was the signal for what was believed to be the final farewell between the troops aboard, and the crowds ashore, who had lingered all day to see the ships off. It found expression in loud cheering and singing, hakas, and merry raillery, while a diversion was caused by a private falling overboard and being rescued.

But the troopers pulled out into the stream and dropped anchor in the lee of Soames Island, for the Admiralty Sailing Orders had not yet arrived.

Aboard, the troops settled down to their new surroundings, and for the first night no attempt was made to obtain that measure of military order and precision that was soon to reign. Opportunity was taken (the first for many in the rush of the previous few days) to seek out old pals or brothers known or believed to be aboard, and what a number of old cronies there were!

The next morning only those up betimes enjoyed the luxury of a wash in fresh water, and there were few who did not have to resort to salt water for their morning shave and "rinse." On

Lt. Col. Charles Harcourt Turner.O.C. 5th (Wellington) Regiment in Samoa.account of the limited accommodation, difficulty was experienced in seating the men at meals, which, on the smaller ship, the "Monowai," had to be served in four relays. At breakfast the porridge and potatoes soon ran out and those who were not fortunate enough to get down with the first "G" regaled themselves with hard biscuits and butter, a meal with which they were soon to become well acquainted. One of Wellington's cold southerlies was sweeping the harbour, and the sheltered spots aboard were diligently sought and well patronised by groups of old friends foregathering in eager discussion of future prospects.

T. Brig.-General Harry Townsend Fulton, D.S.O., C.M.G., C. de G. O.C. 3rd (Auckland) Regiment in Samoa.Died of Wounds, France, 29/3/18.

As was to be expected, Transports which had been requisitioned and fitted so hurriedly were anything but ideal homes for the hundreds of soldiers they were called upon to accommodate. The holds, where the majority of the troops were berthed, were fitted with tiers of bunks four high, the topmost having headroom sufficient only for a man of small dimensions to squeeze into "side on" while the passageways were too narrow to allow two men to pass, and many of them lead to a blind end. Ventilation there was none, and fortunate was the man whose choice of a bunk lay near a hatchway. Straw mattresses were supplied, and the strictest orders issued against smoking below or the use of the favourite wax vestas—a very necessary precaution under the circumstances.

Not only were the Transports very much overcrowded but they were distinctly dirty, and medical orders went forth for "a general scrubbing of the holds to render them partially fit habitation for the closely-packed draft. This fatigue proved a rude awakening to many a raw recruit, as to the multifarious duties required of a soldier of the King on active service.

Each Transport was self-contained, both in regard to the composition of the units and the equipment, so that if anything happened to one ship the other could proceed without it; or the two ships could make a landing at different points. Practically the only difference was that Headquarter's Staff was on board the "Moeraki," and that vessel also carried a complete wireless outfit.

But the anxiously-awaited Sailing Orders had not yet arrived, and the first day aboard was spent in harbour, while out of chaos order began to evolve. Ships' guards were mounted, the troops organised into platoons, and rosters prepared of cooks, butchers, bootmakers, tailors, carpenters, surveyors, etc., the number of callings required being remarkable, and the response from so small a force being even more so.

The records also proved a difficult problem. For each man the King's Regulations required an assortment of index cards and forms, all of which had been wondrously mixed by the hastily-selected and over-worked clerks ashore, the final division between the two ships of what meagre records there were tallying in few details with the men aboard. Orderly room staffs were organised to unravel the tangle, but for the remainder of the voyage it was a frequent occurrence to unearth from the bowels of the ship some diligent cook or table waiter hitherto unattached.

Ferry boats en route to the Bays encircled the ships as they lay at anchor. Excursions ran out from the shore carrying sweethearts and wives, and mothers in the hopes of a last glimpse of a dear one, and sheaves of telegrams from those too distant to reach Wellington before the departure.

The Force was inspected aboard during the day by Major General Sir Alexander Godley, K.C.M.G., C.B., Commandant New Zealand Forces. That night secret instructions regarding the object and conduct of the expedition were received by the Officer Commanding, and read:

Department of Defence, Hqrs. Office, Wgtn.,

13th August, 1914. To Colonel R. Logan, A.D.C., N.Z.S.C, 1. You are appointed to command an Expeditionary Force of the New Zealand Military Forces. 2. The troops under your command have been embarked on the transports "Moeraki" and "Monowai." 3. The masters of the two ships have received instructions to take their orders from you. 4. You will proceed to the German islands of Samoa and seize them. His Majesty's Government has stated that the seizure of the Wireless Station on the Island of Upolu is very desirable; that, therefore, should be your first objective. 5. Captain H. J. T. Marshall, R.N., Senior Naval Officer, N.Z. Waters, has received orders to co-operate with you. The' Navy will endeavour to secure your safety while at sea, and if possible will assist your landing. You should confer with Captain Marshall, and act on his instructions while at sea. 6. When you have seized the Islands you will take such measures as you may consider necessary to hold them, and to control the inhabitants. 7. You will erect your Wireless Station as soon as possible after you have established yourself on the Islands, and report through the British station at Fiji if you cannot communicate direct with the New Zealand stations. (Signed) W. G. Braithwaite, Colonel,Chief of the General Staff.

Thus another day of waiting came and passed, and night saw the lights of Wellington still over the ships' rails.

Next morning—the 14th—the Prime Minister, Right Hon. W. F. Massey, went aboard and inspected the transports. He was accompanied by the Minister of Defence, the Hon. James Allen. Thereafter the ships moved into Clyde Quay. The troops —in full marching order—were put ashore and exercised, taking a route around Oriental Bay and back to the wharf via Hataitai and Roseneath. But at 4 p.m. a thrill went through the ships— an order issued for a parade on the Basin Reserve, and instinctively it was felt that at last there was something definite afoot.

The public of Wellington were given barely an hour's notice of the parade, by "Extras" posted at the various newspaper offices and in a few shop windows. But hundreds of citizens quickly made their way to the scene and hundreds more followed fast upon their heels, until the green slopes of the Reserve were crowded. No ceremony such as this had been seen since the days of the Boer War, when the same call from the Motherland had been answered in a similar manner. But there were no decorated streets nor display of bunting, no massed bands or waving of flags: the usual pomp and splendour of military reviews were missing.

It was difficult to realise that the ceremony about to be conducted was the official farewell of the first of New Zealand's sons for active service, bound for an unknown destination.

The troops were formed into a hollow square, Colonel Logan and his officers at the head, during a silence that could be felt. That the time for demonstration was over, and that it was the eve of a momentous occasion, was realised by everyone who saw the long lines of over-coated men.

The Governor-General addressed the troops in the following words:—

"Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Men of the Expeditionary Force: It is very little over an hour and a-hal£ since I received a telegram ordering your departure from these shores as soon as possible. We have advice from Home that the enterprise upon which you are embarking is one of great and urgent Imperial necessity, and we felt we could not let you go without wishing you God-speed. We know that you will uphold the honour of the Empire and of the Dominion. We shall look forward with the greatest interest to all your doings. God bless you all."

It was not until the speeches were over and the troops had been blessed that the crowd, at the call of the Governor-General, found voice for stirring cheers for His Majesty and the Expeditionary Force. And overhead the sky was blue, bestowing nature's benediction.

Within fifteen minutes every soldier had left the Basin. The Band struck up a lively march, and through thronged streets the troops marched back to the wharf and quickly embarking, were lost in the rapidly-falling evening shadows of the port. But the hour of departure had not yet arrived, and that night the lights of Tinakori Hill wireless station still blinked down on the waiting transports. Orders were to sail before daylight on the morrow, and to meet Captain Marshall at a rendezvous Latitude 36° o" South, Longitude 178° 32" East, at 4 p.m. on 16th August.

Chapter IV.At Sea.

Saturday, the 15th August, broke mild and calm, with a pale moon in its last quarter dipping over the city as New Zealand's first transports moved from their anchorages, passed under Kau Point, and headed seaward. Wellington was not yet awake, but, passing Seatoun in the still morning air, the boats assembled there under Admiralty orders awaiting entry to Port sounded a rally of whistles, and the Permanent Artillery on the Fort Hill cheered a lusty good-bye: and watchers from Karaka Bay observed a heavy trail of smoke from the Moeraki's funnel gradually take shape and form a perfect horse-shoe over the two ships—a good omen for the gallant expedition.

There was much speculation aboard as to what course would be taken upon clearing the Heads. The burning question for days had been "Where are we bound?" The general opinion was either an Australian rendezvous or a tropical seizure. In support of the latter the surf boats were pointed to as proof of a self-contained expedition, and the fact that both masters of the ships were old Island skippers, lent colour to this view. Against it, however, the troops were clothed in the heaviest of underwear and thick woollen uniforms.

But passing the wreck of the old Devon under Pen-carrow light a northerly course was shaped, and all that day the expedition hugged the East Coast of the North Island.

Choppy weather was now experienced, and many a stalwart son, who had never before left his native soil, was laid aside. Parades became a farce and were abandoned, and while the "casualties" were strewn in helpless confusion, the "sitting up cases" were able to seek out the sunny spots of the upper deck, and the 5th Regimental Band struck up a feebly-rendered selection. The amateur cooks and table waiters were left in sufficient force to provide meals for those who fancied them; but the average "sailor" cared not, and the feelings of the majority were summed up in the following concise extract from a soldier's diary:—

"We started off at daybreak and struck a rotten sea at the beads. I was one of the first to hang over the side. No breakfast, no dinner, no tea, and a night that was worse than the day."

Are we downhearted?

After darkness fell lights were obscured, and the "Monowai" followed directly astern of the "Moeraki," which showed only her stern lamp. Ploughing thus in the darkness through the night brought sensations weird and strange to the unseasoned seagoers, the absence of lights being sufficient reminder of the possibilities and dangers of running across a hostile cruiser.

At dusk on the following day—Sunday, 16th August—the rendezvous was reached, and two small warships joined the expedition as escort. They were the third, class cruisers "Psyche" and "Philomel," of the New Zealand station. By next morning the "Pyramus," also a "P" class cruiser, had linked up, and the whole expedition continued its Northerly course.

A church parade, called for Sunday morning, was well attended, so also were the first sick parades, held upon that day. But men were now recovering their sea legs. A party was armed with paint and brushes, and set to work to convert the red and

Painting Ship. black funnels and the hulls of the troopships to a French grey. Instructions in the use of the fire extinguishers, with fire alarms and boat drills, were given and a more hopeful appearance became evident throughout the ships. At night all ships steered on an intermittent light from the "Pyramus," and with its puny escort the expedition had left the shores of New Zealand well in its wake to run the gauntlet of the German Pacific squadron, which mysterious wireless signals indicated was somewhere in the vicinity.

It now became necessary to make many issues of clothing and equipment, and to ascertain how the hold was stowed, but this presented great difficulties, the holds being filled to overflowing and many of the necessary articles being under the cargo. Nor did the positions of the articles agree with the tally clerk's lists, and the A.S.C. men, who were called upon to handle the work, proved unable to stand up to the combined smell of the hold and ships' motion. But some experienced ships' hold men were unearthed, and the work was accomplished. Ships' can-teenscanteens were opened, the vendors reaping a rich harvest, for of cash in the pockets of the troops there was plenty, and "ginger pop" sold at one shilling a bottle, with other goods at an equally exhorbitant rate.

No lights were now allowed after sunset, and the vigilant eye of the Navy soon brought to book any delinquent by peremptorily flashing an order to "obscure light in starboard porthole." Parades commenced in earnest, and no effort was spared in getting the men proficient in the handling of the rifle and a facile connection with the bayonet, in machine gun drill, bayonet exercises and physical training. The intervals between parades were assiduously devoted to lectures. Notwithstanding the severe discipline and hard training, there was a total absence of defaulters, the men buckling to with a will and making light of the troubles.

Meals continued of very poor quality and a few sacks of onions stowed aft on the "Monowai's" top deck were surreptitiously raided and eaten raw with ships' biscuits with great relish by a fortunate few. Of fresh water there was none for washing purposes and very little for drinking. The benefits of the early morning hose parade, when all hands doubled naked around the decks and received each in turn a hurried salt water splash, were enjoyed to the full, especially as the weather was fast becoming balmy and warm. Every possible article of clothing began soon to be discarded and parades were held in shorts, shirts, hats and bare feet.

Closely cropped hair also became a la mode, an enterprising private having included in his kit a barber's hair-cutting machine, with which he soon did a roaring trade, seating his victims on a stern staunchion, where the breeze conveniently carried the clipped hair aft and rendered the use of a covering sheet an unnecessary luxury.

Practice alarms (three short blasts from the ship's siren) were sounded frequently and gave the troops further exercise in promptly taking up their allotted boat stations.

The chart was being studied closely. No one, excepting the very few, knew the destination of the force, and the secret had

Route taken by the Samoan Expeditionary Force, August, 1914. been well guarded. Matupi, the German coaling station off New Guinea, became a point of interest, and Samoa, lying well to the East, for a time fell out of reckoning.

Meanwhile, a written consideration of the matters affecting the plan of operations against the objective was being threshed out between the high commands, and various messages passed between the Senior Naval Officer and the O.C. Troops.

The permanent force known to be stationed on the Island of Upolu consisted of native armed police under European officers, but there was the possibility that marines, reservists, guns and armaments had been landed from the small warships that were reported to have been recently dismantled. There was also the possibility of German warships being in the vicinity of the port of Apia.

The German population of the Island was believed to number between 300 and 400 men of military age, and in all likelihood they had been organised to assist in the defence of the place. It was further known that heavy cases marked "machinery" had been unloaded at Apia some time previously.

In considering the plan of attack, it was anticipated that H.M. ships still to join the expedition would be sufficient to deal with any hostile warships in the vicinity, while the troops (provided they got safely ashore) would be able to cope with any land force the enemy would be likely to bring against them. The possible landing places appeared to be:—

Safata Harbour (South Shore), exposed to a southerly swell at the time of year—separated from Apia by a range of heavily-wooded mountains 3000 feet high and accessible only by fifteen miles of bridle track.

Apia (North Shore), provided a landing could be assured, would be the most effective and decisive. It was possible, however, that the resistance given by the enemy would be greater at Apia than anywhere else, for if they intended to resist they would certainly concentrate at the capital and wireless station.

Mulifanua (West Coast), at that time a regular anchorage for the Island steamers, where a narrow passage gave entrance through a reef. Being a regular calling place it would no doubt be watched and the narrow passage lent itself admirably to mine-laying. It also was situated a distance of twenty miles from Apia, with which it had access by a good coastal road.

Vailele (North Coast), but lying close to Apia, also appeared to afford a desirable landing place.

Saluafata (North Coast), the best harbour in the Island, had attractions. It was situated ten miles East of Apia

Upolu, showing various points of contemplated attack.with little information available as to the connecting road. The latter was believed to have been improved and to run through coconut plantations and across streams of considerable dimensions, but to be passable to troops.

Falefa, near Saluafata, also appeared to be a suitable place for effecting a landing, particularly in conjunction with a landing at Saluafata, with which it was believed to be connected by road.

Bearing in view the facts that the initial object of the Force was to effect a landing, and that the troops were powerless until landed and deployed, and also that many of the troops were but partially trained, the proposal to obtain a footing on shore by making an attempt on two points simultaneously had to be carefully considered. Saluafata and Falefa being a convenient distance apart, and yet not so far distant that the two landing parties would be long out of touch, a scheme of landing from Transport No. I at Saluafata, and from Transport No. a at Falefa, came into prominence, the landing to be coincident with any operation conducted by H.M. ships against Apia itself.

The consensus of Naval opinion favoured a daylight landing at Vailele Bay, where the landing was good, with one cruiser supporting from Fagalii Bay and another from East of Vailele Bay.

But Vailele was only some three miles from the capital itself, and if fortified the transports and boats would be under effective gun fire. Even taking into account the supporting gunfire of the escort, it had to be remembered that the enemy guns would be concealed, and should fire be reserved until the first flotilla of boats were on the way, the latter could be wiped out before the Naval covering fire could become effective.

While these various projects were being fully considered the course bore steadily Northwards, the troops were quickly adapting themselves to the new life, and order and precision began to reign. All men were cleaned, shaved, and breakfasted, and bedding stowed by 7 a.m. Paint and brushes were issued, and all kit-bags marked with various blue dots and red bands to represent the different units. Several of the men had already cracked up under the new life, and were marked for return to New Zealand. The long trousers had become permanently discarded for shorts, tunics had given way to shirts, while coloured handkerchiefs were issued as a neckcovering. This remained the general uniform of the expedition. Detachments were also per-mittedpermitted to sleep on deck when the weather was favourable—a blessed relief to those situated in the cramped spaces below, which were fast becoming unbearably hot. The first inoculation against typhoid was given, and this brought to light the ubiquitous conscientious objectors, who were promptly tagged for return to New Zealand at first opportunity. On the "Moeraki,'" Prjvate Carl Ifwerson, of the 3rd Aucklanders, developed acute appendicitis. An improvised operating table was erected in one of the cabins, and the first operation was neatly and successfully

Washing Day.performed by Major Holmes and Captain Stout. A few days later he was on deck, a cheerful patient, and made a quick recovery.

The majority of the troops had now become quite at home on shipboard, and the rough seas on the 19th, which pitched the gunboats about in fine style were rather enjoyed. The weather, too, was becoming beautifully warm and balmy, flying fish became numerous and in their uncertain flights provided a new outlet for the instincts of the sporting element. For a space even the worst sailor found life becoming bearable once more.

Chapter V.Noumea, New Caledonia.

At daybreak on 20th the cry went up of "land ahead," and many eager faces crowded the bows of the good ships "Monowai" and "Moeraki" for a glimpse of their first port of call, and for the majority of those on board, their first sight of a foreign land, which proved to be the French possession of New Caledonia.

Drawing inshore through a narrow passage between long rows of white surf surging on reefs, the ships passed a tall, light station with tricolour flying, set in the midst of a growth of young palms and surrounded by the beautiful blue waters—a perfect gem of the sea—and gave to many who saw it a first impression of "tropical islands midst glittering seas." Up they passed to the grander rugged beauties of Noumea itself, and into the long harbour entrance, where white beaches glistened in the sun, coconut palms bordered the waters and verdant bush ciothed the lower foothills. Here excited groups clothed in white could be seen rushing the vantage points and apparently speculating as to what this "bolt from the blue" could be, while a smart launch with Europeans aboard glided past to the accompaniment of loud shouts of "Vive V Angleterre."

Turning into the inner Harbour the town of Noumea lay snugly under the hills with its shipping at the wharves and the French "Montcalm" (Rear Admiral A. L. M. Huguet) lying in the stream. Passing the latter the crew hung out and cheered vociferously, the bands struck up, ours "The Marseilles," and theirs "God Save the King," and the anchors went down amidst the wildest enthusiasm ashore and afloat. The harbour soon became animated with motor launches, rowing boats and native craft, the excited occupants surrounding the ships and showing in every conceivable manner their friendly feelings.

Here it was reported that two large war vessels, which were believed to be of the German Pacific Squadron, had been sighted passing South the day before. From the movements of the Ger-

First Sight of Land Noumea Light Station.

First Greetings from Noumea.

The "Montcalm."

Photos by late Lt. L. M. Liardet.manGerman ships (according to "Naval Operations"—Corbett) it is unlikely that this report was correct. Nevertheless, Telefunken signals had been heard by the Fleet during the night, which seemed to indicate German cruisers in very close proximity, and port was made with no little relief to the authorities.

Owing to the interest that centred around the German warships, known, or believed to be, in the Pacific, a short account of the ships and their movements is given.

At the outbreak of hostilities Admiral von Spee, with the "Scharnhorst," "Gneisenau," "Nurnberg" and a tender ("Titania") was at Ponape, en route for a proposed cruise to Samoa. On receipt of his "Warning Telegram" he proceeded to Pagan Island (in the Ladronnes) and there, on 6th August, the "Prinz Eitel Friedrich," "Emden," the large tender "Markomannia" and three other supply ships from Tsingtau joined him.

"Emden" with "Markomannia" was despatched Southward on 13th August, passing through Molucca Passage, August 23rd, and by the end of the month was steaming Westward along the South Coast of Java, preparatory to her famous raids in the Indian Ocean.

Von Spee steamed Eastward to Enivetok (or Brown Atoll) in the [Western extremity of the Marshall Group. He was there from August 19th to 22nd, and moved thence to Majuro at the other end of the Group. He reached Majuro on August 26th, having on his way there detached the "Nurnberg" to Honolulu for further supplies. At Majuro he was joined by the "Cormoran"—a captured Russian ship converted as a merchant cruiser—and two more store ships from Tsingtau.

Thence he proceeded Eastward to Christmas Island, leaving "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" and "Cormoran" to operate against Australian trade.

The latter ships, after leaving von Spee, were next heard of in Angaua, a week before the "Sydney" destroyed its wireless station. They had separated in search of coal, and, not knowing that New Guinea was occupied, had fixed their rendezvous at Alexis Bay, just North of Friedrich Wilhelm Harbour. The "Cormoran" was actually hiding there when Admiral Patey was taking possession of the administrative capital. When his back was turned both ships made off for the West Coast of America, the "Cormoran" narrowly escaping the "Satsuma" of the Second Japanese South Sea Squadron at Yap. The "Nurnberg," last heard of at Honolulu, appeared off Fanning Island, September 7th, and, after wrecking the British Cable Station there, ran to join von Spee at Christmas Island.

Von Spee anchored at Christmas Island to coal on September 7th, and appeared off Apia on the 14th of that month. Thence he proceeded to the island of Suwarrow, in the Northern Cooks, where the "Nurnberg," with supply ships, met him. Thence he moved to Bora Bora in the Society Group (September 21) and on the following day he bombarded Papeete.

He arrived at Easter Island, October 12th, and there mobilized his two heavy cruisers ("Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau") and three light cruisers ("Leipzig," "Nurnberg" and "Dresden"). The whole fleet proceeded to Mas-a-fuera, a lonely island some 500 miles West of Valpariso, where he arrived October 14th, and spent a week replenishing from further supply ships. Here also he was joined by "Prinz Eitel Friedrich." From this base he caused considerable havoc to shipping prior to Coronel and the Falklands Battle. Prior to "Leipzig" and "Dresden" joining von Spee at Easter Island, October 12, they had been operating off the American Coast.

In addition to the above-named ships, the converted merchantman "Seydlitz" was in Australian waters. She apparently made immediately for Valparaiso, which port she reached August 26. Also the "Yorck," which had left Yokohama converted as a cruiser on August 4 for a destination unknown.

The "Geier" had left Singapore before the outbreak of war, and was somewhere in the Pacific, On September 4 she captured at Kusaie, in the Eastern Carolines, the British ship "S.S. Southport," which was lying there, ignorant of the fact that war had broken out, and which later escaped to Brisbane under extraordinary skill.

At Tsingtau there were four small gunboats, but some of these had been dismantled to arm the "Cormoran." The "Komet" and "Planet," armed survey ships, were in the vicinity of New Guinea. The latter was captured hiding in New Britain, and the latter sank herself at Yap on the approach of the Japanese on October 7th. The "Eber," another small gunboat, put into Bahia, September 4, and was there interned.

TrialCompleted.Tons.Speed.Guns."Scharnhorst"190711,42023.228.2"65.9""Gneisenau"190811,42023.588.2"65.9""Emden"19093.59224.1104.1""Nurnberg"19083.40023.5104.1""Leipzig"19063,20022.4104-1"

Later in the day the troopers pulled alongside the wharf, where the whole cosmopolitan population of New Caledonia, in a blaze of colour, gathered to overwhelm Nos Gallants Allies with the warmest of French welcomes.

The scene of cheering, shouting, gesticulating crowds was beyond description; such a babel of voices in many languages, with here and there a laughing "Kia Ora, New Zealand," and such a medley of dress. French women, chic and charming; dainty little Japanese in full Oriental costume, men in white linen suits, half-caste women with sweet faces and graceful figures, their taste in dress running to vivid colours, and a thousand and one types of coloured men and women—japanese, Chinese, Negroes; while Polynesians, Micronesians and Melanesians could be distinguished, the latter dressed only in loin cloths, or lava lava, of brilliant hue.

Someone aboard suggested "oranges," and soon baskets full were being pelted aboard, the resultant scramble affording great delight to the onlookers.

A brisk interchange of souvenirs commenced, and Noumean [hospitality poured aboard in the shape of fruits, sweets, cigarettes, to say nothing of bottles of wine of a vile vintage, which was reflected in the crime sheet the following day.

After the Noumean dinner hour (8 o'clock) the town band serenaded the visitors to their hearts' content. Their selections were interspersed with much singing of "The Marseilles," "God Save the King," the Russian National Anthem, all concluding with loud shouts of "Vive la France!" "Vive L' Angleterre!" \"Vive la Nouvelle Zelands!" the din continuing well into the night.

It was not to be wondered at that a great deal of interest was manifested by all ranks in the novel surroundings. Leave was eagerly sought on many and various pleas, but was promptly and decisively declined. But camouflage even at this early stage of the war was not unknown to the resourceful New Zealander, and tales are told of a venturesome band of "ship's firemen" who spent a few wild hours on shore at Noumea that night.

Next morning orders were received for a route march through the town and its immediate environs. The column assembled on the pier and moved off headed by the Band, the general appearance of the troops and their up-to-date equipment eliciting compliments from all sides. The town was en fete and all commercial houses were closed. Every person bore an expansive expression of welcome, and from the awnings of wayside hostelries picturesque groups waved tricolours and shouted unintelligible greetings to the marching soldiers.

At the outskirts of the town an opportunity was afforded the visitors of observing the amazing productivity of the territory in tropical fruits and flowers, and each turn of the road presented fresh wonders to delight the eye. Huge spiders hung from telephone wires and suspended themselves between the

New Zealanders ashore at Noumea, New Caledonia.Photo by late Lt.L M. Liardet. branches of the flowering hibiscus, and were the cynosure of many wondering eyes.

A circuitous route was taken back to the ships, and all ranks felt the heat rather badly, while many suffered acutely from the unaccustomed use for the first time of military boots.

A detachment that had remained on guard on board during the morning were despatched on the march in the afternoon led by the trumpeters of Infanterie de Marine, of the local garrison.

Next morning the battle cruiser "Australia" and the light cruiser "Melbourne" arrived off the port, giving to the little expedition a sense of security. Here also were the two New Zealand colliers, the "Katoa" and "Koromiko," and coaling commenced forthwith.

The O.C. Force, with his General Staff Officer, attended a joint naval and military conference on board the Flagship, when the plan of operations previously discussed was finally decided. The Commander's cutter from the "Melbourne" came smartly across the Bay and pulled up alongside the "Moeraki," bearing the Commander's invitation to his brother to dinner. The interested person was neither a lieutenant nor a superior officer, but one of the Battery's humblest gunners. That night the

Noumea, showing Escort, "Australia," "Melbourne," "Pyramus," "Philomel," "Psyche," and "Montcalm." officers and non-commissioned officers were taken into the confidence of the O.C. Force, and informed that the objective of the Expedition was one of Germany's island possessions.

Word was passed around that probably a mail would be taken back to New Zealand by the colliers, and every man was soon busy scratching a line to his folk.

The next morning the troopships moved quietly from the wharf to lie at anchor until the completion of coaling the warships, and the "Monowai" had the misfortune to take a sandbank and stick fast. The Navy immediately took charge, a diver went down and reported no damage, and a tow was put aboard without success. There was nothing for it but to await the full tide at 10 p.m., and meantime all detailed arrangements were made to transport the troops by the "Australia" and "Melbourne" for the remainder of the voyage in the event of the attempt to refloat the "Monowai" proving unsuccessful. To lighten the ship 500 tons of coal, cargo and ammunition were

Coaling Ship at Noumea. discharged by the troops into lighters. As the hour of highwater approached all warships in port illuminated the ship with their searchlights, and to the tooting of the ship's whistle the troops were kept at the double from port to starboard and from bows to stern in an endeavour to loosen the ship from the sand's grip.

They were then hurriedly disembarked to a collier alongside, tows were run out and with the aid of the colliers and the French "Jeanette," the swearing and yelling of all concerned, and to the accompaniment of the expressive thanks of the ship's officers to be moving again, she was pulled into deep water, almost coming into collision with one of the tugs as she floated off.

Chapter VI.Proceeding Under Escort.

Early next morning—Sunday, 23rd August—the whole expedition, now consisting of six warships and two transports, all under the command of Sir Geo. E. Patey, Rear Admiral Commanding ships and vessels of the Allied Fleet, passed out of the harbour and headed South.

Through brilliant sunshine and calm, blue seas, the coast was hugged until, at the Southern end of New Caledonia the expedition turned into the Saville passage which separates the mainland from the Island of Palms. The pass in places being but half a mile wide, each turn opened up vistas of sheltered bays, bordered to the water's edge with luxuriously-growing palms, and the yachtsman yearned for his summer cruise in these sunny seas. The only sign of habitation was a solitary native hut on the water's edge, from which the occupants gazed in awe at the passing flotilla.

Tonnage. Speed. Guns. "Australia" (Battle Cruiser) S. H. Radcliffe 18,000 25.8 8 12" "Melbourne" (Light Cruiser) M. L. E. Silver 5.400 257 8 6" "Montcalm"—Completed 1902 A. L. M. Huguet 9,177 21.1 2 7.6 8 6.4 "Psyche" Completed 1809 H. J. T. Marshall 2,135 20.5 8 4" "Philomel" Completed 1891 P. H. H. Thompson 2.575 19.0 8 4.7" "Pyramus" Completed 1809 Viscount Kelburn 2.135 20.7 8 4" S.S. "Moeraki" Completed 1902 D. McLean 4.392 15.3 — (Transport No. 1) S.S. "Monowai" 1890 H. Williams 3.433 13½ — (Transport No. 2)

Emerging again to the open seas beyond, the ships stopped, and to the anxiety of the troops lay for three hours like so many logs on the oily calm waters. The troopships were soon filled with rumours—one which received some prominence and no little credence was that a wireless message had been received to the effect that the war had collapsed and the adventure was at an end with the recall of the expedition. But the "Australia," coming up with the Fleet, the screws again began to churn the

Photo by late Lt. L. M. Liardet. placid waters, the "Moeraki" first dropping the old pilot who had accompanied the ships from Noumea, with many a cheery au revoir from the troops.

A North-Easterly course was now shaped, and it was evident that Fiji was the next objective. During the day the Fleet proceeded in the following formation:—

Psyche Australia 8 miles 2½ cables apart 1 mile Melbourne Montcalm 2½ cables apart Philomel Transport 1 4 cables Transport 2 apart. Pyramus

By night the "Australia" and "Melbourne took station in line 2 cables ahead of "Montcalm," "Pyramus" an equal distance astern of Transport 2, while "Psyche" closed up to 2 miles ahead of "Australia."

Instructions were now issued by the Rear Admiral that all ships were to be darkened and prepared for night defence by half an hour after sunset daily. Signals to and from transports were to be passed through "Philomel," except those from O.C. Troops, which were made direct to the flag. No signals were to fee made at night except by W/T, in which case buzzers were to be used, and only signals of immediate importance were permitted.

Any ship sighting the enemy was to make the usual signal, when "Montcalm" would form astern of "Melbourne," and "Australia," "Melbourne" and "Montcalm" would proceed to engage the enemy. "Psyche" was to return to and take charge of convoy, and then to steer away from the enemy, keeping the "Australia" between the enemy and the convoy, while the Transports were to follow "Psyche" at all times.

"Philomel" was to turn away from the enemy without waiting for "Psyche" or for further signal, while the "Pyramus" was to join the convoy and take station astern of Transport 2.

By night any of the escort sighting a vessel without lights (excepting sailing vessels) was to switch on searchlights and illuminate her, while "Australia," "Melbourne" and "Montcalm" would open fire. "Philomel" was to lead convoy away from the action, "Psyche" rejoining when possible and "Pyramus" endeavouring to make the Transports conform to "Philomel's" movements.

Australia kept station on the "Montcalm," which was asked to maintain a steady speed. For the remainder of the voyage a speed of 12 knots was well maintained, and the Rear Admiral took occasion to compliment the transports on their good station keeping.

Now came glorious, balmy weather with blue skies and calm seas, and break of day always found its group of early risers on the bows of the transports enjoying the sunrises in the cool morning air.

Smoke on the horizon caused a stir through the ships in the early morning on the 24th. The "Melbourne" had left the line like a flash, and settled low in the water as with smoke belching from her funnels she made off at full speed in its direction.

It proved to be nothing more interesting than a Norwegian collier bound Newcastle to San Francisco, and during the morning the "Melbourne" again joined the escort. Needless to state, a sharp look-out was being kept for the enemy ships.

Chapter VII.Suva, Fiji.

In the early morning of 26th, in close heat and drizzling rain, the expedition entered Suva harbour, with the warships flashing their lamp signals through the dense mist.

A perky little quickfirer, placed there since the outbreak of war, commanded the entrance, and the old Survey Ship, the "Sea Lark," lay at the wharf, having run the gauntlet of the German cruisers on her way from the Solomons.

Unlike Noumea, there was no demonstration at Suva, where the wharf was under a guard of the Fiji Constabulary, and a woolly-headed Fijian dived unconcernedly off the wharf for the "Monowai's" shore line as she drew alongside for watering before rejoining the Fleet in the stream.

Here, during the day, native canoes came alongside with fruits and wares, but the occupants were out for business, and did not pelt them aboard as the Noumeans had done. They entertained the troops by chanting their harmonious melodies and diving for coins thrown overboard, regardless of sharks, to be plainly seen swimming in the vicinity. The troops, confined to the ships, looked longingly towards the attractions of Suva, and its verdant low hills with snug bungalows set in their midst.

Wharf at Suva Fiji

During the day one officer and 19 men of the "Sea Lark" joined the expedition to assist with the boats in the landing. A Naval signaller joined the Signalling Company, and at the request of the Governor of Fiji a detail of the Legion of Frontiersmen was attached. The opportunity was taken by the P.M.O. of conferring with the Chief Medical Officer ashore and obtaining from him a supply of some necessary drugs and literature, and valuable advice on tropical diseases in general and in Samoa in particular. A nursing sister from Wellington, who had become stranded in Suva owing to the cessation of the steamer service, also joined the Nursing Division of the expedition.

Fourteen natives of Samoa, then resident in Suva, volunteered their services and were taken on board the "Moeraki" for the purpose, on arrival in Samoa, of being dispersed over the Islands to convey to the natives the intention to occupy the Territory with a British force.

Commodore Ward, R.N., joined Transport No. 1 as Beach Master.

A further conference was held aboard the Flagship, and all necessary details for the landing were there decided upon.

The stay at Suva was but brief, and early the next morning the expedition put forth on the final stage of its voyage.

With the departure from Suva a change in the demeanour of the force was apparent to the observant watcher, and the happy care-free boys of yesterday became serious men. Water-bottles were sterilized and bayonets ground, and the now old-fashioned circular metal identity discs were issued, together with 150 rounds of ammunition. A nasty sea was encountered, and even the hardened traveller was laid low, while the gunboats made a fine display as they plunged nosedeep into the heavy seas and ploughed their foam-flecked way ahead. It came as a surprise to the many on the morning following the 27th, when ships orders contained the information that "To-day is the 27th August" —the 180th degree of longtitude had been crossed and the voyage was nearing its end.

Chapter VIII.Operation Orders.

Orders for the attack, under the hand of the Rear Admiral, were issued as follows:—

"Australia" at Sea.

It is possible that German cruisers "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau," and light cruiser "Nurnberg" may be in the vicinity of Samoa.

It is my intention to arrive at Apia at daylight on 29th August, 1914. "Australia," "Melbourne" and "Montcalm" will, after the arrival of the expedition, prevent any interference from seaward.

Captain H. J. T. Marshall, R.N., H.M.S. "Psyche," will take charge of, and issue the necessary orders for, the disembarkation of the troops.

The Squadron will approach Samoa from the South-east. "Psyche" will proceed when ordered, arriving at Apia at daylight, flying a flag of truce, and will communicate with the authorities. Detailed instructions will be issued separately to Captain H. J. T. Marshall, R.N.

Should any men-of-war be discovered in the harbour on "Psyche" approaching, she will at once inform me of the type of vessel and retire to join me.

Squadron will arrive in position five miles NNE. of East Reef at 7 a.m., 29th August. "Australia" and "Melbourne" will remain there. "Philomel" and "Pyramus" and Transports will proceed towards Apia, stopping at a distance of three-quarters of a mile N. of East Reef, and await orders from "Psyche" to enter harbour.

Should the German authorities refuse to surrender the town, or should no answer to the summons to do so be forthcoming, 'Psyche" will order "Philomel" and "Pyramus" to enter the harbour, and are to be prepared to open fire as directed by "Psyche."

Transports will then remain outside until orders are received from "Psyche" to enter harbour.

The disembarkation will take place as soon as possible after Transports have anchored in Apia Harbour, under the directions of Captain H. J. T. Marshall, R.N., H.M.S. "Psyche." I am to be informed as soon as troops are landed.

(Signed) George E. Patey. Rear Admiral Commanding H.M. Australian Fleet.

To Respective Officers Commanding Ships and Troops in Expedition to Samoa.

O.C. Troops also issued orders as under:—

(107) Landing Orders: Until further notice breakfast will be at 6.0 a.m. and must be finished and all tables cleared away and decks cleaned by 7.0 a.m. (a)Machine Gun Detachment will parade at 7.15 a.m. with guns ready to lower into surf boat on the lower deck by forehold.(b)General fall-in will be sounded at 7.30 a.m. and personnel of all boats will fall-in in the places allotted to them on upper deck and will stand to attention in perfect silence. O.C. boats will immediately report all present and correct to the Adjutant at No. 3 Lifeboat on starboard side of upper deck.(c)

Signal to proceed to stations will be one G, when personnel of No. 1 Lifeboat will proceed to its station by the forward gangway, and personnel of No. 3 Lifeboat will reach its station by passing down 1st saloon steps and on to lower deck by means of the main alleyway.

Personnel of No. 5 Lifeboat, followed by that of the small Lifeboat, will proceed to their stations by means of the after gangway.

Personnel of No. 4 Lifeboat, followed by that of No. 2 Lifeboat, will proceed to lower deck by means of the after gangway and will take up their respective stations.

O.C. boats of 2nd trip on hearing one G sounded will immediately bring their respective crews by the shortest route to the upper deck, falling in on the stations allotted to boats' crews for the first trip.

On hearing two G's being sounded they will proceed to the lower deck to their appointed stations as above detailed.

Rifles:Rifles will not be taken into boats by the men, but will be passed down into boats by the last four men of each boat's personnel.General Instructions:

Immediately boats' crews fall-in at respective stations on the upper deck magazines will be charged, cuts-off closed, and safety-catch placed at safety. O.C. Boats are responsible for seeing that this is done.

All units wearing the ordinary haversack are to wear them fastened as high as possible under the armpit. Every man must carry his ration of meat on the morning of disembarkation, also bis ration of tea, sugar and biscuit, in his canteen or haversack.

Strict silence is to be maintained and when one G is sounded every man is to proceed at the double to bis station on the lower deck. Immediately boat stations are reached on the lower deck men are to stand closely against the ship and away from the rail, in order that members of the ship's crew who are working the boats may have free access to same. Strict silence must be maintained. Immediately the men are in the boats the waistbelt of the mills web equipment is to be unfastened in order that it may be thrown off should the boat overturn. The same order will be maintained with regard to silence both in the boats and on landing. Men are to be on the alert and to carry out promptly any orders that are given.

(108) Kits: All kits must be packed on the night of the 28th instant before lights-out and Unit Commanders will see that they are stacked in some convenient place close to men's quarters, where they will be left until brought on deck by the baggage guard after the force has disembarked.

An endeavour was made to rehearse the orders for landing, but the heaviest weather yet experienced kept the majority busy with their own misfortunes and left little thought for the events of the morrow.

Apia and Environs.

Chapter IX. The Seizure of Samoa.

Five a.m. Reveille on the 29th disclosed through the mist the rugged backbone of Upolu on the port bow, gradually taking shape as the ships approached and the mists dispersed, until large plantation blocks could be distinguished from the green of the natural bush on the hills.

Anxious Moments. Troops awaiting the reply to the summons to surrender.

The troops were early astir, dressed in shorts and shirts, with full equipment and rations, and eager for what the day had in store.

Since daylight the "Psyche" had drawn ahead, and had soon become a speck in the distance. In an hour, however, she could again be picked up from the transports, standing off Apia with a flag of truce. The shore wireless station had observed the approach, and immediately endeavoured to send out an urgent call, but a peremptory order from the Rear Admiral to "cease signalling instantly" had the desired effect, and the only signal made thereafter was "S G" repeated four times very rapidly.

Approaching the shore the long Pacific swell could be seen tumbling in lazy white rollers over the reefs which guard the calm, blue sunlit waters of Apia Harbour. The town, following the bay in crescent form, straggled along the beach for some two miles amidst shady trees, and the ever-present coconut palm, while behind rose the dense, bush-clad hills for some ten miles to the top of the razor-backed mountain range that forms the centre of the Island.

A cutter was lowered from the "Psyche" and could be discerned passing through the reef entrance to what became later

The arrival of the Expedition off Apia, 29th August, 1914. so well known as the Tivoli Wharf, situated almost opposite the Government offices, over which the German flag was flying. Through the trees bordering the waterfront crowds of people in white clothing could be seen rushing from all quarters towards the landing places, and passing ashore, the landing party was lost to the view of the anxiously-awaiting fleet.

They carried the following summons to the German Governor to surrender:—

H.B.M. Australian Ship "Australia," Off Apia,

30th August, 1914. Your Excellency,—

I have the honour to inform you that I am off the Port of Apia, with an overwhelming force, and in order to avoid unnecessary bloodshed I will not open fire if you surrender immediately.

I therefore summon you to surrender to me forthwith the town of Apia, and the Imperial possessions under your control.

An answer must be delivered within half-an-hour to the bearer.

Wireless communications are to cease instantly or fire will be opened on the station.

If no answer is received to this letter, or if the answer is in the negative, the cruisers have orders to cover the landing parties with their guns.

I have, etc., Signed. G. E. Patey, Rear Admiral Commanding Ships and Vessels of the Allied Fleet.

The summons to surrender.

The Governor, Dr. E. Schultz, was by pre-arrangement, not present to receive the landing party. He had, upon the first alarm, made off inland to the Radio Station, from whence he issued his instructions to the Deputy Governor.

An hour passed with nothing being heard from the landing party. After another half-hour's suspense the white flag was lowered from the "Psyche." The small cruisers moved closer in and simultaneously the transports moved seaward. The troops —in breathless expectation—waited every moment to see hostilities opened. But almost immediately the signal flags again fluttered and like wildfire the news ran through the Fleet that no resistance would be offered to the landing party. The reply ran in characteristic German style: "Though they could not surrender the Territory no resistance would be offered to the landing: that orders had been given for the Wireless Station to be packed up, and that they protested against the threat to bombard the port, such action being forbidden by the Hague Convention."

The picket boat of "Australia," fitted for mine-sweeping, had been sent to "Psyche," and was now immediately lowered, and swept the harbour for mines. The troopships took up stations about a mile off shore, motor launches, motor surf-boats and

The Landing. ships boats were launched, and the men scrambled down rope-ladders into the tossing craft, which, when filled, were dropped astern, each in charge of a naval officer, and assembled and towed in strings through the reef entrance towards the sandy strip of beach near Matautu Point.

The first trip from each transport landed one company of infantrymen, one machine-gun section, six field engineers, three signallers, a medical officer and stretcher squad. From these a covering party was formed under Major Fulton, and by 12.30 they had occupied the line of the Vaisigano River with parties in observation on the main road and tracks leading towards Vailele.

The signallers who landed with the first detail from the "Moeraki" set up a station on the beach and immediately got into communication with a station on each transport, while a similar party from the "Monowai" was attached to the O.C. Covering Party. The Naval signallers were also soon at work from a central station ashore.

The Flag ashore.Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

The Main Body as they landed jumped out waist deep and ran the boats inshore, leaving those required to refloat them. They at once moved clear of the beach and formed up on the road, while a platoon of the 5th Wellingtons combed the surrounding bush and tracks.

An advance on the town was then made, over the Vaisigano River and along the sea front, and picquets were dropped at the more important road junctions. The Court House, Post Office and Telephone Exchange, Customs House and other Government buildings were seized and guards mounted. The Native Police were rounded up, but were immediately released on parole. Horses, bicycles and vehicles of all description were commandeered, and communication inland was soon established.

Awatting orders to advance on Apia.

The advance on Apia. Troops in front of the Government Offices.Photos by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

The disembarkation had been carried out smoothly and without incident, and night was approaching. Headquarters took up station temporarily at the Court House; the Aucklanders occupied the Customs House with picquets on the Mulinuu and Mulifanua Roads, while the Wellingtons occupied the Market Hall, with picquets on the Vaisigano Bridge and Vailima, Hospital, and Vaitele Roads.

A detachment of the 3rd Aucklands, under Captain Keenan, accompanied by the wireless operators, set out from Apia, guided by a Samoan, to secure the wireless station, distant some six miles from the port. It was a strenuous, uphill march, the men being tired out before they started—the heavy packs, the heat and the heavy woollen clothing telling severely on some of the party. About midnight the small column emerged from the bush into the clearing in which stood the great steel mast of the big Telefunken plant, which had been completed but a few short weeks before. The station was surrounded and the guard rounded up and disarmed, and investigations soon disclosed the fact that the late German operators had been busy "crocking" the plant. The governor of one of the twin engines had been removed and a wonderful maze of wrong connections made with the wiring, while some of the aerials had been tampered with.

Bombs prepared by the German staff for the destruction of the Wireless Station.Photo by kind permission of A. C. Norden.

Further investigations brought to light several suspicious wires leading from the dynamo through the floor, and a close inspection showed that the whole plant had been mined in such a way that had the big Diesel engine been started it would have connected up with a large quantity of dynamite which had been placed under the floor of the instrument, battery and engine rooms.

The wireless plant was quite up-to-date and scientifically constructed. The buildings were of steel and concrete, built upon concrete piles, with commodious quarters for the staff upon a hill close by.

Fifty men of the N.Z. Field Artillery and A.S.C. were left on the transports to assist discharging cargo, which commenced immediately the troops landed, with a native gang. Unloading was carried out continuously all night, and the ships were cleared by 6 p.m. on the 30th, enabling them to get away under escort of the departing warships. Stores were taken ashore and dumped in front of the Customs House, the unloading all night causing great congestion of stores on shore. Many articles of equipment were required the first night and following day, and regular, well-ordered issuing was out of the question.

During the night a lighter went ashore on Cape Horn—a prominent reef in the harbour—and, together with 30 tons of foodstuffs, became a total wreck.

Later in the day of the occupation the ex-Governor appeared before Colonel Logan, who greeted him courteously and advised him that he would be treated as an honoured guest, and taken to New Zealand by H.M. Transport due to sail that day. Captain Bell, Orderly Officer, was detailed to accompany Dr. Schultz to his private residence to enable him to get some necessary private belongings before embarking.

The following morning—Sunday, 30th August—the flag was formally hoisted on the Court House, and the occupation proclaimed by Colonel Logan at the head of his troops, and in the presence of the Naval officers and many of the European and native inhabitants, while the "Psyche" boomed a salute from the Bay. The Occupation was complete. For the first time in the history of the Empire a British Dominion overseas had sent an invading force across the ocean and captured a foreign territory.

Proclamation. 1. The New Zealand Government of His Britannic Majesty King George Fifth now occupy for His Majesty all the German Territories situated in the islands of the Samoan Group. 2. All inhabitants of the occupied territories are commanded to submit to all such directions as may be given by any Officer of the Occupying Force. 3. Every Inhabitant of the Occupied Territories is forbidden to assist or to communicate directly or indirectly with the German Government or the German Forces, or to molest or to resist directly or indirectly the Occupying Forces or any member thereof. 4. All Public Property of the German Government must be delivered forthwith by those responsible for its safety to the possession of the Occupying Force. 5. Private Property of individuals will only be taken if required for the purposes of the Occupying Force, and if so taken will be paid for at a reasonable price at the termination of the war. 6. No person shall, except with the written permission of an authorised Officer of the Occupying Force be out of doors on any night between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. nor change his or her present place of residence nor use any boat or canoe. 7. All Public Meetings are Prohibited. 8. No Circular or Newspaper or printed matter of any description shall be circulated printed or issued without the written permission of an authorised Officer of the Occupying Force. 9. No spirituous or intoxicating liquor shall be manufactured or sold without the written permission of an Authorised Officer of the Occupying Force nor shall liquor be supplied to any Samoan Native. 10. All Officials of the German Government who desire to continue to carry out their functions under the present Military Government must report themselves forthwith to the Commander of the Occupying Force and such as may be retained in their employment will receive the same rate of remuneration as was received by them prior to the occupation. 11. All inhabitants having in their possession any motor cars, horses, carts or other means of transport must forthwith report the description of the same to the Provost Marshal of the Occupying Force. 12. All arms of every description, whether the property of the German Government or of private persons must forthwith be delivered at the office of the Provost Marshal of the Occupying Force. 13. All persons who quietly submit to the Administration of Affairs by the occupying Force will be protected in their occupations except in the case of such occupations as may be contrary to the best interests of the Occupying Force. 14. All persons who in any manner resist the Occupying Force or attempt by violence or otherwise to interfere with or overthrow the Military Government now established for His Majesty King George Fifth, or who fall to obey the above written or any subsequent command of any Officer of Occupying Force will be punished according to the laws of War.

Given at Apia, this twenty-ninth day of August in the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fourteen.

Robert Logan, Colonel, Commanding the Occupying Force. God Save The King.

Chapter X.Apia As We Found It.

The land in which the troops now found themselves was a paradise indeed after the confinement of the troopships. A white, even-surfaced coral road extended from end to end of "the beach" (otherwise the little town of Apia, the capital, and only settlement and port of the Group), passing beneath groves of the tall, stately coconut palm, and shady flamboyant trees a mass of scarlet flame.

Here were set the business houses, many bearing the German names (now long departed) of Krause and Preuss, Hoeflich, Grevsmuhl, Stoeckicht, and last, but by no means least, the great octopus of the Pacific, the Deutsche Handels und Plantagen Gesellschaft der Sudsee Inseln der Hamburg, known for short as the D.H. and P.G. The huge structure forming the headquarters of this firm was situated on the waterfront, and vied with the white-towered Roman Catholic cathedral to form the most conspicuous landmark to any approaching vessel.

Of British traders there were also a few, while several of the more advanced half-caste traders were making a game struggle against the heavy odds of German trade competition.

A butchery, a chemist, numerous bakeries (for the native Samoan is a lover of newly-made bread), an ice works, an aerated water factory, three hotels (the Central, International, and Tivoli), a rickety building serving as a Post Office and Telephone Exchange, a substantially-built Customs House, and a commodious Government Office, comprised the main features of the town.

There were also the British and the German Clubs, the churches of the London Missionary Society, the Roman Catholic Mission with its beautiful peal of bells, and a handsomely built native church, where, on a Sunday, the natives gathered in force in their snowy-white garments, and sang glori-

"Vailima," the home and deathplace of Robert Louis Stevenson, now Government House. The tomb of the late author is on the summit of Vaea Mountain, on the right.ouslygloriously their hymns—in three languages—without the aid of musical instrument.

On the verdant hillside behind the town a well-equipped hospital was set in a superb site for such an institution, and nearby a school with its modern schoolrooms and native houses for the school boarders occupied some ten acres.

Set amidst trees on the surrounding slopes, on the prominent points and cool, breezy places of the waterfront or hidden from view amidst the foliage, were the comfortable-looking bungalows of the European population, while the high-thatched roofed and mushroom-shaped houses of the natives were to be seen in every clearing. Higher still, on the mountain foothills, the homes of the planters showed in the midst of their plantation blocks, and Vailima, the famous home and deathplace of Robert Louis Stevenson, and his tomb on the summit of Mount Vaea above, looked down over long, palm-covered slopes to the little town, and across the white-crested reefs to the calm, blue sea beyond.

The natives impressed the troops at once, with their quiet, dignified ways, their intelligent faces and superb and manly bearing. The native women, with their handsomely-moulded features and figures, gentle, musical voices and happy smiles, shared with their menfolk the regal carriage of their race, and appeared to spend most of their day washing themselves, their progeny, and their clothes in the cool, running waters of the Vaisigano, which flowed under a substantially-built bridge of the same name, where its waters entered the Bay.

On the outbreak of hostilities the German Governor had held several councils of war with the leading officials and residents, and discussed with them the steps that should be taken in the event of an invasion. Some of the firebrands were for defending the territory to the last of their resources, but wiser counsels prevailed, and the course adopted when the Force arrived off Apia was decided upon.

That such a step would be taken by Britain was devoutly prayed for by the British portion of the community, and when in became known that 1,400 New Zealanders were ashore the

View of Apia Harbour from the above.

Headquarters of the late German Firm (D.H. & P.G.), Apia; now the Apia Hotel. astonishment was only exceeded by pride and satisfaction that New Zealand had made no vain showing, but had undertaken the task in a masterful and thorough manner.

The decision of the Chiefs and Orators at a Council hurriedly assembled by Dr. Schultz on the morning of the occupation had left no doubt as to the attitude of the Samoans. "Samoa," they said, "does not take sides in this; we stand by and allow the Great Powers to work out the will of God."

The news of the occupation travelled throughout the length and breadth of the territory in a remarkably short space of time, and many Samoans living within a day's travel of Apia journeyed to the port to feast their eyes on what their hearts in silence had longed for—British control and the Union Jack. For had not the present generation heard from their fathers of the freedom, of the justice, of the sincerity of Great Britain? Had they not as early as 1877 petitioned the British Government to establish a Protectorate over the Islands? And had not Malietoa, their King, written later to Queen Victoria reiterating his repeated requests for the establishment of British Sovereignty in the Territory?

It was true that on this, as on former occasions, when changes had been forced upon them, they had not been consulted. But who among them had aught but good to speak for the country that had first brought them light, that had given them the Bible, that had sent devoted men to spend their lives for Samoa's welfare? Such was the talk in the fales throughout Samoa that night.

Chapter XI.Settling Down in Occupation.

The Native officials were reinstated in their former positions, and the German Government officials, having given their parole, were allowed for the time being to remain in office. Transports Nos. 1 and 2 sailed for New Zealand and Suva respectively, the former taking back a detachment of 78 men, many of whom were really never fit for service, as well as ex-Governor Schultz and two ex-members of the wireless staff. The majority of the Fiji Contingent were also embarked. The "Monowai" had been hurriedly returned to Fiji for rice, it having been ascertained that rations for coolies on the plantations, owing to the break in the usual bi-monthly steamer service from Auckland and Sydney, were perilously low. Through an oversight the right section of the N.Z.F.A., who had been left aboard to assist in discharging the ship, were not disembarked and were taken back to Suva to be returned some days later.

All warships left the port excepting "Philomel."

A bungalow on the waterfront, owned by the German firm, was occupied as a temporary hospital by the Field Ambuiance, and temporary stations for sick parades were established.

On the Sunday the wireless station had been so far repaired that it was able to receive, though not to send, messages, but by 2nd September, with valuable assistance from Sapper Maynardm, of the Engineers, and Gunner Beck, of the Battery, it had been partially repaired and a message giving particulars of the occupation was got through to Wellington via Pago Pago.

A narrow gauge railway had been constructed from the jetty at Apia to the wireless station, and a small petrol locomotive, capable of hauling ten tons, together with a supply of trucks, was found at Apia. Essential parts of the engine that had been removed by the Germans were soon recovered, and "N.Z.R." was painted upon the engine. With an expert crew of railwaymen the line became of considerable use from the day after the occupation. The bed was raised, ballasted, and the curves properly canted by trained platelayers and gangers, and a regular time-table put into use.

Wireless Locomotive—converted from seagoing engine.Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

A second engine later became a necessity in view of the fact that new tracks were to be laid to connect the main camps. A motor, which had been taken out of a sea-going launch, was purchased from a local merchant. It was 25 h.p. but had developed impediments, and had refused to turn over for many months. But amongst the railwaymen was an expert mechanical engineer (Sapper C. E. S. Walker) who had served his time with Vickers, Sons and Maxim, and under his guidance the apparently derelict motor became a locomotive capable of hauling as big a load as its Telefunken brother—a distinct feat of engineering.

A trip to the wireless station by the Apia Express soon became a recognised Sunday outing for the troops on leave.

The morning after arrival, and for many mornings following, the troops were roused at 4.30 a.m., and moved off quietly before daybreak to their stations. Wellingtons posted one company to protect Matautu Beach, with the remainder of the Regiment in reserve on the malae behind the native church on the water front. Aucklanders posted two platoons to guard the landing places from Vaea to Mulinu'u Point, with the remainder on Vaea Road, the Artillery stood to arms at the road junction near the Central Hotel, while the signallers joined Colonel Fulton's command. In these positions they remained until the patrols reported all dear. Outlying German planters were permitted to retain their arms for self-protection, it being considered the Force should run some risks in this direction rather than that European families should be placed at the mercy of the Chinese labourers who were showing signs of unrest.

Early on Sunday morning a German planter from an outlying plantation rode in post haste and reported mat the Chinese labourers on his plantation were rising. As there were some 3000 coolies in the Territory, it was thought advisable to nip any trouble of this description in the bud by a show of force, and a mounted patrol of the N.Z. Engineers, with a platoon of Wellingtons, were despatched hot-foot for the place and dispersed the gangs. A demonstration of how the Native Police handled the coolies had been given the previous day, when, on the firing of the first gun of the salute to the flag, sme hundreds of Chinese, who had gathered in the vicinity, commenced a wild rush through the town. Some six Native Police, finely-built, huge men, charged the rabble, and with boots and fists, dispersed them to the four winds.

At 10 a.m. on the day following the occupation the "Philomel" left port under full steam for Tonga in the belief, from Telefunken calls received, that the German ships were approaching. This left the troops unattended in occupation.

Racecourse Camp, August, 1914.

Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia. Malifa Camb—5th (Wellinatan) Reaiment on barade

Samoon Police. Photo by P. Foss.

By 2nd September enough had been learned to enable sites to be chosen for the various units, and two main camps were established, one at the Racecourse some half-mile inland from Matautu Beach, and the other at Vaea, a mile distant inland from the Western end of the Bay.

Colonel Turner was appointed to command the Racecourse Camp, which contained, besides the Wellingtons, the Engineers, and a detachment of the A.S.C. and Medical Corps.

Vaea was placed in command of Colonel Fulton, and detachments of the Railway Engineers, A.S.C. and a section of Wellington's machine-gunners were camped there in addition to the Aucklanders.

"D" Battery pitched its tents and constructed its gunpits on the waterfront in the centre of the Bay, nearly opposite the Hotel Central. The Medical Corps were housed in hospital buildings and the nurses took up their quarters in a bungalow adjacent thereto.

Headquarters moved to Vailima, immortal as the home of Robert Louis Stevenson, and at that time Government House, and established Headquarters No. 2 in quarters adjacent to the Customs House.

A Vailima Guard was found by the Wellingtons, who also established an outlying picket at the junction of the Vailele and Tivoli Roads (where they occupied a small cottage) and an out-

Third Aucklanders and their Barracks at Vaea.post across the Vaisigano in the Magiagi plantation. They also established a waterfront picquet of a platoon to protect the landing places at Matautu Beach. Vaea camp posted a picquet on the road leading from Papase'ea to Mulifanua, and another at Mulivai. Inlying picquets, town picquets, and the necessary stable picquets were also found, the town picquet moving from the Custom House verandah to the rear of the D.H. and P.G. Headquarters.

A patrol was also sent out daily from the wireless station to the top of the mountain range overlooking the coast in all directions. A detachment proceeded across the Island to the South Coast, and reported all quiet and that the natives encountered all showed a most friendly attitude.

A patrol of Engineers proceeded to Falealili, also on the South Coast, and reported similarly, bringing in a German "obermann" who had been stationed there by the late Government.

All transport was now brought into requisition, and the moving into camp brought scenes of activity such as the quiet little town of Apia had never before seen. Tents were pitched, stores and supplies carted, trenches were dug and fortifications erected, and the weather, though gloriously fine, became unbearably hot for the hard-worked troops, clothed as they were in heavy woollens. Local stores did a big trade in light singlets and shirts, while every possible article of apparel was discarded, and shorts became shorter and shorter until orders came out regulating their length.

Chapter XII.Rumours and Alarms.

During the night of 4th September ships' lights were reported off the port, which later disappeared in a suspicious manner, and the troops were roused and stood to arms from 3 a.m. Daylight, however, disclosed nothing more formidable than the "Monowai," returning from Fiji with stores and the remainder of the Battery, her mysterious movements being accounted for by the fact that all the harbour lights had been removed by the Germans before the Occupation. She was unable to make port in the darkness and had stood out to sea again.

Apia has always been notorious for its rumours. Robert Louis Stevenson, it will be remembered, in his day had been struck with its capacity in this direction, and had suggested that should Apia ever choose a coat of arms he had a motto ready: "Enter Rumour Painted Full of Tongues."

But now what zest was added to the already facile tongue! Centred mostly around the German cruisers, alarms and rumours were ever recurring, while every day reports came to hand of hostile landings at various points of the wide seaboard or of German ships seen in the vicinity, some told with such vivid imagination and detail that on frequent occasions troops were rushed to arms while patrols were hurriedly despatched to the alleged point of attack.

Night alarms were also frequent. On dark nights, when the fishing was good, the natives with their flares of coconut fronds swarmed over the reefs, their torches showing for miles along the coast like the lights of a small town, and were more than once the cause of reports of circumstances suspiciously resembling a landing under cover of darkness.

With the presence of so many German inhabitants perhaps it was natural that frequent reports were circulated of secret and mysterious lamp flashings at nights from isolated heights on the surrounding mountains or from some remote point of the coast; of the organising of the natives by Germans in distant localities in Upolu or Savaii, and even of secret gatherings of armed parties of Germans in the dead of night at the headquarters of one or other of the big plantations in the vicinity of Apia.

The Signallers. Photo toy A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

Some weeks after the occupation some stir was caused on the waterfront by the appearance of a strange ship's lifeboat containing German sailors in an exhausted condition endeavouring to make port. Visions of a sea fight and its sole survivors arose, but upon landing it was ascertained that they were all sailors from the German steamer "Elsass," which was in Pago Pago on the declaration of war, and was there interned. They had deserted from the ship and made Apia under the belief that the Territory had been recaptured by the Germans, and were promptly arrested and deported by first available steamer to New Zealand for internment.

The following afternoon, a group of men on the waterfront discerned in the Straits between Upolu and Savaii what appeared to be two warships, steaming North-East with smoking funnels. Though several men declared they distinctly saw the ships the general belief was that they had been the victims of an optical

A grey-scale photo on a waterfront in Fiji showing palm-trees, a short pier and rocks.delusion, very heavy cloudbanks at the time on the horizon probably adding to the deception.

Shortly after came a report from Mulifanua that German warships had landed men at Savaii; that the natives there had risen and joined the German forces, and were bringing arms across the straits in native boats. As communication with the outer island was infrequent and irregular the reports were of sufficient importance to warrant a special investigation, which as usual, proved them unfounded.

A partol sent across the Island to Falealili at this time failed to return and caused some anxiety. Another patrol was despatched to look for it, but both parties returned to quarters on the following day, heavy rains on the mountains having retarded progress.

Thus were the hopes of the troops buoyed up from day to day, and counteracted somewhat the effects of the long night vigils on outpost in the plantations in the tropical downpouring rains that now became frequent and presaged the coming rainy season; the pestering of the maddeningly persistent mosquitos which hovered in myriads during the day, and at night renewed their energies tenfold; of the water and wood fatigues, the stone-gathering for concreting works and wall-making, the sweating and trench-digging in the scorching tropical sun; the heavy parades and route marches; the absence of mosquito nets, which made rest impossible when sleeping time came; the centipeds, and monotonous and inadequate food, when a meal of potatoes and pumpkin was chronicled in a private's diary as "a real treat."

Chapter XIII.Pests and Diseases.

Medical orders soon became a frequency, and warnings were issued against drinking unboiled water, against sunstroke and sunburn, bathing more than twice daily and then for only 20 minutes at a time, and against walking without feet coverings.

An eye disease almost immediately began to affect the troops, and spread very rapidly. Due to a special microbe, and resembling in its effects gonorrhoea opthalmia, it was spread mainly by flies (which soon became a dreadful pest). It was extremely contagious, but treated easily if taken early by means of a drop of silver nitrate. In the natives the after-effects of the disease were only too apparent, very many suffering from blindness.

Numbers of natives were also affected with the hideous disease of elephantiasis, and yaws on the children were almost universal.

Ear disease also became common amongst the troops, being almost always an infection of the canal. Many cases were caused by insect bites, on numerous occasions insects being washed out of the ear with syringing. Bathing in contaminated water was the main factor of causation, and restriction in bathing was tried, but with little success.

Large numbers of men also presented themselves for treatment of sores resulting from mosquito bites, and abrasions of the skin, which unless treated early, tended to become septic and difficult to cure.

Dysentry, having distinctly bacilliary features, soon occurred, and ravaged the troops. In the absence of adequate supplies of invalid foods the outbreak had to be coped with by the Ambulance supplying arrowroot and any other similar foods that were procurable. Small temporary hospitals were established at vari-

A daily sight at the Hospital. Lt. Col. Dawson in great demand for operations for the prevalent eye disease.ous posts, and sick parades held twice daily. A medical detachment was sent to the wireless station. Several cases of typhoid were also diagnosed, the second inoculation against this disease not then having been performed owing tor the military conditions and the great amount of work the troops were carrying out.

New Zealand Medical Corps. Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

The Hospital.

Chapter XIV.The Civil Administration.

Immediately following the Occupation it became necessary to consider the laws and judicial system. As Samoa was German territory in British military occupation it was necessary in the first place to distinguish between the members of the Expeditionary Force itself and the civil population. The Force was subject to the Military Law as established by the Army Act, and offences by the troops were therefore punishable by Courts Martial constituted in accordance therewith.

On the other hand, the law to which the civil population were subject was the German law as it existed prior to the occupation, but under the authority of the Manual of Military Law the Administrator had the authority to modify, suspend or add to this law for the purposes of efficient administration, the security of the occupation and the effective conduct of the military operations.

In addition to the ordinary courts the Administrator had power to establish military courts for the purpose of punishing offences by the civil population, but these military courts were quite distinct from the Courts Martial, which were constituted only for the discipline of the troops.

In administering and enforcing the law to which the civil population became subject the Administrator maintained the ordinary German Courts, and for some days following the occupation the German officials were retained in their offices. It soon became necessary to remove and deport to New Zealand not only the judicial but all the German civil officials of the various departments of the administration, and to replace them by picked members of the Force. Several of the British residents of longstanding were also appointed to assist in this work.

For the Island of Savaii, the largest of the Group, the headquarters of which were situated 50 miles by launch from Apia, it was necessary to appoint a Deputy Administrator, and immediately after the occupation Mr. Richard Williams ("Viliamu"), who had occupied this important position since before the inception of German rule, was replaced in his former office. On the declaration of war he was given the option of resigning his British citizenship or of being relieved of his office, which meant also the loss of his pension, and it was characteristic of the man that he had no hesitation in choosing the latter alternative. He proceeded immediately to his station, and with no apparent support from the Force, carried on the administration of the Island with marked success.

Captain W. H. D. Bell, Orderly Officer, was specially detailed to assist Colonel Logan to reorganise the civil administration, and to select the staff, and in this connection did invaluable work. The Secretariat, Justice Department, Treasury, Native Department, Customs, Lands and Survey, Public Works, Harbour, Police and Prisons, and Labour Departments were soon all fully staffed almost entirely from the ranks of the non-commissioned officers and men of the Force, and the facts that from its inception the business of the country, with a greatly reduced staff, was carried on without hitch; that many valuable improvements were carried out and all Government properties kept in excellent order and repairs, and that large reserves of public funds were accumulated, are sufficient evidence of the successful foundation and carrying out of this important phase of the occupation.

Owing to the fact that most of the senior positions were filled from the ranks, it became necessary either to discharge these men from the Force or to grant them honorary rank commensurate with the duties they were called upon to perform. Authority was therefore cabled from New Zealand to discharge them, on condition that they agreed to serve in their positions until the conclusion of hostilities. A personal appeal was made by Colonel Logan, who pointed out that the positions could not be filled by other than "fit" men, and that they, being specially

Extract from volumes on International Law, kindly made available by Hon. Sir Francis Henry Dillon Bell, K.C.M.G., Attorney-General and Minister:: of External Affairs, Wellington, N.Z.::

These volumes, bearing the stamp of the Library of the General Assembly of New Zealand, became the property of Captain William Henry Dillon Bell under the following circumstances:—

Captain Bell was M.P. for Wellington Suburbs in the year 1914, having been elected in the year 1911. When war was declared with Germany, on the 4th August, 1914, he immediately enlisted in the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces, and was appointed 2nd Lieutenant (the rank which he had previously held in England in His Majesty's Regiment of King Edward Horse), and attached to the staff of Colonel Logan, who commanded the first Expedition which at the request of the Imperial Government, was despatched from Wellington on the 14th August, 1914. to capture the German Colony of Samoa. The destination was known only to the two Governments and to Colonel Logan and his Staff.

Captain Bell, before sailing with the Expedition, obtained from the Parliamentary Library these, among other legal volumes, on the subject of International Law, and thereby enabled the Officer Commanding and his Staff to study and appreciate the principles governing English administration of enemy territory occupied by English Forces in time of war. Samoa surrendered to the Expedition on the 29th August, 1914. Captain Bell was shortly afterwards promoted to be temporary Captain in the New Zealand Forces. He left Samoa at the end of October, 1914, en route for England (via New Zealand) to rejoin his former Regiment of King Edward's Horse as Lieutenant. He served in that Regiment in France during the years 1915 and 1916, and until the 31st July, 1917, when he was killed in action. Before his death he had been mentioned in Imperial despatches and promoted to the rank of Captain.

The use to which these volumes were put during the voyage to Samoa and after the occupation involved the marking of the pages in such manner as to render it impossible to restore them to the Library in their former condition.

The Library Committee, in the year 1916, authorized Captain Bell to retain them as a memento of his part in the Samoan Expedition, and of the fact that he was a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives during the whole period of his Samoan service.

The Library Committee, in the year 1917, after Captain Bell's death in action, has decided that the volumes shall be rebound and this record inserted therein, concluding with the following extract from Colonel Logan's despatch to the Governor-General of New Zealand, dated 27th October, 1917:—

1/01 Captain William Henry Dillon Bell. "Captain Bell's services have been of the greatest value to me, as he has taken the organization of the Civil Service off my hands, and left me free to devote more time to the Native question. The manner in which he has carried out his work is beyond praise, and the successful working of the Service is due to his ability as organiser."

G. Jas. Anderson,Chairman Joint Library Committee.A. T. Maginnity,Deputy Chairman.

selected for the positions on account of their peculiar suitability to fill them, would be doing much greater service to their country by remaining in office than by firing guns. At that time the Main Expeditionary Force had not left New Zealand's shores, and the necessity for men that later arose was undreamt of. Under these circumstances those selected for the various civil positions were discharged, and remained, according to their dis-

The Civil Staff—1914.Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.charge certificates, members of the New Zealand Reserve on active service abroad. The Administrator reported to the Governor-General as follows:—

"I am pleased to report that the N.C.Os. and men employed as Civil Servants have consented to remain in office. They do so at my special request after my pointing out to them that they are benefiting the Empire more by serving in the Administration here than by going to the Front. I may add that everyone of them preferred to adopt the latter course, and I am particularly gratified that at my request they remained in their positions."

The housing of these men at first presented some difficulty. For some time they "camped" in the upper floor of the Court House, but as houses of deported German officials became available they moved into them, with Chinese cooks and Native servants. Good cook boys being greatly in demand and few in numbers, it was ascertained that the gaol at Vaimea housed some excellent cuisiniers, many serving long sentences imposed by the Germans for various offences, from attempted manslaughter down. Some of these men were released on parole for duty with the reservists, and provided many amusing incidents. One Ah Siu had, with several others, broken into the United States Consulate and was doing time for his crime, though his confreres were not caught. One day whilst Ah Siu was preparing tea for his lord and master, one of his co-conspirators passed, not only as a gentleman at large but in possession of Ah Siu's legal wife. The combination was too much for Ah Siu, who sallied forth on to the highway and there commenced a welter of arms and legs—prodigious energy but little skill—until the cries of the assaulted one brought relief. As a result Ah Siu was returned to confinement and cried bitterly at the tragedy of it all.

The Government Hospital staff had also resumed duty after the occupation. All friction with the German doctors, nurses and attendants was stricty avoided, and the greatest tact exercised. These arrangements appeared to be working satisfactorily, and the needs of the native and European inhabitants to be met, but on the 12th September they ceasd work and vacated the hospital. This meant the carrying on of the civil work by the N.Z.M.C., including Europeans and Samoans in hospital and outpatients, Chinese coolie labourers, port health, leper station, town sanitation, etc., and kept the staff very busily engaged.

Soon after the declaration of war all available coin had been hurriedly shipped by the German Government to Pago Pago (American Samoa, and a neutral port), leaving German paper money predominating as the currency of the territory.

A Proclamation was issued making German money legal tender within the territory, and prohibiting the export of currency. The troops soon became accustomed to handling wads of notes of various denominations from five marks upwards, in which they received their pay. This prevented the British currency carried with the Force from getting into the hands of the inhabitants in exchange for the German paper money.

Sample Administration Treasury Note.

Later in the occupation the German currency was exchanged to sterling, as many as M. 1,508,434.04 (which, at the rate of conversion—20.60 to the £—amounted to £73.225 os. 5d.) passing through the Treasury. Of this the notes were disposed of on the American market at a very satisfactory figure. The proceeds of the coin were held against the issue of Administration Treasury notes, which were put into circulation to the value of £47,000.

Samoa

1/-Carmine

The first printing of this stamp consisted of 5 sheets—100 stamps, & these all had the error "Shillings " Later printings on 35 Stamps only had this error corrected.

Sample of Overprinted German Stamps.Photo by kind permission of J. Schloss, Esq., Wellington.

It was also necessary to overprint the German postage stamps, and this was done by imprinting "G.R.I." and the various values in English across the face. The printing press being a somewhat crude one, and the native workmen having but little experience in so delicate a task, there were many unique specimens struck, which were eagerly sought after, while a complete set soon brought fabulous prices to the fortunate speculators.

Chapter XV.The "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau."

The German ships were known to be still in the Pacific, and stringent precautions against surprise were being taken. A lookout had been established on the summit of the wireless mast, where some 400 feet above his less fortunate fellows, and away from the mosquitoes and flies, the centipedes and ants, he swung his improvised hammock and watched. From this point in the early hours of 14th September, lights of two ships were reported, and daylight disclosed two large war vessels making for the port. The Signallers at the Pilot Station soon identified them as the long-expected "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau." The Apia Wireless immediately endeavoured to send out a warning to all shipping, and though the Germans "blanketed," it was sent several times without interruption, and was received by at least one ship, the "Sonoma," bound Sydney to San Francisco. The alarm quickly flashed from camp to camp, where the troops,

German Ships in Apia Harbour. (The four funnelled vessel is the Scharnhorst.)Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia. according to custom, were already standing to arms, and they moved off rapidly to their positions for defence against the landing parties. Two platoons of the 5th Wellingtons proceeded to their stations in column of route across the Vaisigano Bridge with the 12-inch guns of the "Gnoisenau" trained upon them, at 3200 yards range, and following them along the beach road.

The conduct of the whole of the troops now lining the waterfront positions was a wonder of steady coolness. In view of the fact that they were young in years, discipline and training, and that they believed they were about to participate in a bloody fight under high velocity fire, their behaviour was beyond praise.

On came the two powerful vessels, cleared for action, their heavy guns apparently ready to open fire at any moment, the "Gneisenau" steaming right into the entrance of the outer reef, where the troops had disembarked into the boats a fortnight before. Here the German sailors on deck made an effective target for our guns, and a salvo from these, together with a burst oi machine-gun fire from our two M.G. sections could have wrought some havoc in their ranks. Such action was not taken for, to the eagerly waiting troops lining the waterfront positions, an attempted landing appeared certain, and instructions were to reserve fire.

Meantime the native population (who, through bitter experience, knew of the damage to be wrought by ships' guns) was in full flight to the hinterland, with its worldly goods and chattels in bundles suspended from a stick across the shoulders—here a cherished possession in the shape of a young pig, there an old iron kettle, a rooster, a lighted lantern (though day had long since dawned) and the inevitable "epu"!

But the unexpected happened. Both ships slowed down— they had apparently just discovered that the Union Jack had replaced the German eagle on the Government Buildings—turned slowly in their course, cruised around for some time, and then made off slowly to the Westward, down the coast towards the Apolima Straits, without firing a shot!

Patrols proceeded towards Mulifanua, and soon reports filed through from native sources, of parties being landed in boats there. The Aucklanders, less one platoon, which remained on the waterfront, proceeded some miles down the coast to a selected position on the Mulifanua Road.

Meantime the remainder of the troops were back in camp enjoying breakfast, with all dreams of hope and glory in being the first New Zealanders in action vanished into thin air. At noon it was ascertained that no parties had been landed within striking distance of Apia and the Aucklanders were recalled. The partols penetrated as far as Mulifanua and reported that the warships had stopped off the anchorage there and that a German resident (who was immediately interned) had visited the warships, and advised the Admiral it would be useless to attempt a landing as the opposing force was fully 2000 strong.

The ships disappeared about 3 p.m. in a North-Westerly direction, and a few days later bombarded Papeete, firing about 150 shots into the town, sinking the old French gunboat "Zelee," lying at the wharf, and destroying about half the town with the loss of five lives. The small steamer "Saint Francois," which was also lying at the wharf, received a shot through the funnel, and was the subject of much interest to the troops when she put into Apia some weeks later. The "John Williams," the London Missionary Society steamer, which put into port a few days after the visit of the German ships, reported she had heard Telefunken calls which were judged to be near, and energetically commenced to send out a set of signals calculated to convey to the Germans that she was something a good deal more formidable than she really was. The next news of the ships that reached Apia was from the remote and uninhabited island of Suwarrow, of the Northern Cook Group, where, on 1st October, the small schooner "Vaite," returning to Rarotonga from the North, reported having sighted them, apparently coaling from a collier, in the lagoon, and after keeping the troops on the qui vive for weeks, they fell in with Admiral Sturdee off the Falklands.

Chapter XVI.Housing the Troops.

Owing to the approach of the rainy season it became necessary to make provision for housing the troops. The weather had broken early in September and for days the rain fell in torrential downpours. The rivers rose and the low-lying flats on which the racecourse camp was situated became a sea of mud, which added to the discomfort of the already harrassed guards and picquets, and swamped the tents and surroundings. With no bunks to keep the men off the soaking ground, the poor quality of the food, the pests and ever-present mosquito, which here abounded, the detachments for return to New Zealand daily grew in numbers.

The Malifa school ground was chosen as a new site for this camp, and proved admirable for the purpose. Situated half-a-mile inland on the sloping hillside, it comprised some ten acres of cleared ground, on which were erected four school buildings of considerable size, two bungalows, and several large Samoan fale (houses), which had been specially constructed for the purpose of housing the Samoan boarding scholars. Here was sufficient open space for parade grounds and mule paddocks, and an adjacent bungalow was converted into a camp hospital. But, best of all, near by flowed the Vaisigano River, and the bathing parades held here at various times of the day, always under arms and in charge of an officer, delighted the hearts of the sweating troops.

One residence in the school grounds made ideal officers' quarters, and another was handed over to the Sergeants' Mess, while those troops who could not be accommodated in the existing buildings were placed under canvas pending the erection of further permanent shelters.

The Engineers had found excellent accommodation on Ifi Ifi Road, near the Malifa Camp, in the two-storied and wide-veran-

"D" Battery.Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

N.Z Field Engineers. Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia. dahed building which had been, until the date of the occupation, the German Club. The Signallers had also joined them, but now moved to the Pilot Station, on a fine, breezy point with a wide malae (grassy space), and the sea lapping the shore on three sides.

The Market Hall on the waterfront became a haven for the Battery. A main barracks and officers' quarters were built at the Wireless Station for the 100 odd troops there. Two good barracks were erected at Vaea for the Aucklanders. These works were undertaken by the Engineers, with a good deal of valuable assistance from skilled men drawn from the other units, and the Government Chinese coolie gang was also brought into requisition. A guard house was also built at Vailima.

Besides these works the defences were connected up by cutting tracks to the various posts, throwing an emergency bridge across the Vaisigano River, and building an observatory for the Signallers at the Pilot Station. The leading beacon, which had been wrecked by the enemy, was re-erected. Wells were dug and water supply systems improvised, the local fire engine being requisitioned to pump sufficient water for the camp tanks. Extra accommodation was provided at the Transport Camp and Motor Boat section, and storage for the A.S.C. was supplied on the waterfront.

With the improved quarters also came bunks and mosquito nets, the latter proving a great boon and enabling the troops to get a night's rest in peace.

All troops still paraded at daylight, fully accoutred with ammunition-holders and water-bottles filled. Arms inspection was particularly rigid and punishments for irregularity in this respect severe. Any sick unable to march with the column were handed over to the main guard, who retained all men fit to use a rifle. The Machine-Gunners, with their capricious mules harnessed, stood ready to move, and the Quartermaster's staffs were ready at a moment's notice to issue rations.

Chapter XVII.The Daily Round.

The performance of such duties as challenging, turning out the guard, saluting and other ceremonials were now receiving strict attention. This most necessary branch of the soldiers' training occupied any spare time that was available, but went hard with the already overworked and pest-ridden troops.

Under this rigid regime the growth from month to month of that spirit which gradually converted the force into a smart body of men was very apparent, and it is claimed that the esprit-

Early morning Route Marches.Photo supplied by F. H. Hudson.de-corps that developed amongst the Samoan Expeditionary Force was never attained by any other unit which left New Zealand's shores.

Route marches continued and gave the troops an opportunity of seeing something of the surrounding country. Though undertaken in the cool of the early mornings they proved somewhat strenuous with full packs up. But these early marches in

Typical cocoanut plantations. the balmy air through shady bush tracks and coconut plantation roads, or along palm-bordered lagoons, past native villages and fording the numerous running streams that ran from the well-watered hinterland, left a lasting impression on all who took part in them. The 5th Wellington Band was here heard to advantage, and by now had attained a degree of perfection. Very soon Samoa rang with the then popular tunes of "It's a Long Way to Tipperary," or "Down the Mississippi," whistled by the small boys and sung in chorus by the musical villagers, while the Band was no less facile in adapting some of the catchy Samoan melodies, two never-to-be-forgotten favourites being "Tofa ma Feleni" and "Down by the Vaisigano."

As much relaxation as possible was afforded by granting afternoon leave each day to a limited number of men, who spent their time in viewing the various places of interest, Papase'ea, the sliding rock; Papalaloa, the jumping rock; Lanuto'o, the mountain lake; exploring the reefs and lagoons in native canoes, or resting quietly on the cool verandahs of Kionka, or Herr Schick, the proprietor of the Tivoli, or Central or International Hotels, where the waters of the Bay lapped the feet and the cool trade winds blew, with the German proprietors and their minions in ready attendance with light beers and sparkling wines and a varied assortment of cooling drinks, a favourite with the modest consumer being a "Dr. Funck."

Towards the end of September, under the undue drain upon them, the supplies of light beers in the Territory gave out, and were replaced with the heavier New Zealand brew. Its effect upon the men was not considered beneficial, and the price rose considerably. All hotels and bars in Samoa were then placed strictly out-of-bounds to N.C.O.s and men, which was felt by the troops as a great hardship, for their conduct up to this date on the whole had been exemplary.

General training continued assiduously throughout September, and musketry commenced at Magiagi, a picturesque corner of a nearby coconut plantation, where targets were run up and a short range marked off. The range was bordered by rows of

Vaea Camp.

"D" Battery Camp.Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia. coconut trees which kept it in perpetual quietude from any breezes that blew. Unfortunately our first casualty occurred here—Sapper Drewery, N.Z. Railway Engineers, was accidentally shot through the chest, and had to be evacuated to New Zealand.

Battery also performed creditably from their stations at targets down the lagoon, their shell cases being eagerly sought after by the residents as another souvenir to add to their already large assortment of cases fired on various historical occasions on the shores of Apia.

The U.S. gunboat "Fortune," armed with a single 6 pdr., called in from Pago Pago late in September, and the troops took great delight in a cricket match with the ship's company at the Pilot Station.

The Band, under Bandmaster Pat. Cole, gave some excellent concerts in the precincts of Malifa Camp, which were much appreciated not only by the troops, but by a large concourse of residents, both white and brown, who crowded from far and near to hear the "Fitafita Band" and the star performers of the Regiment. These concerts also enabled generous collections to be made towards the Sick and Wounded and Belgian Relief Funds.

On 30th September another draft, under Lieut. D. A. Kenny, left Samoa for New Zealand. Seventeen German prisoners, the majority being ex-German civil servants, and others whose presence in the Territory was considered undesirable, were also embarked.

A General Election fell due in New Zealand, and provision was made by an amendment of the Electoral Act to enable every soldier, irrespective of age, then absent from the Dominion, to record his vote. As no other troops had then left New Zealand, the amendment had application only to the Samoan Force.

It was impossible to provide for each soldier in Samoa to vote for any particular member standing for his own constituency in New Zealand, and the difficulty was partly overcome by votes for party only. The occasion was the first upon which "Party" was officially recognised in the New Zealand Statutes, and the following is a sample of the voting paper used:

A black and white sample of a voting paper supplied to soldiers stationed overseas during the New Zealand general election of 1914.

The polling booths were also unique, some being held in the native houses at Malifa Camp, from which the troops were ejected for the purpose and tables and chairs took the places of the native mattings upon which many of the troops still slept. Booths were opened at Malifa and Vaea on 12th and 13th October, at the Wireless Station, "D" Battery Camp, and the Customs House on the following days.

Chapter XVIII."The Pull Thro'".

After the establishment of permanent quarters and when the novelty of garrison routine had begun to lose its charm, a few of the Force whose civilian lives were cast in the "inky way," discussed the question of establishing a military newspaper. The matter had been mooted on the transport coming over, and the legend is that it was in the fertile brain of one Pat. Hanna that the notion germinated.

Early in September a census of those possessing journalistic attainments revealed the fact that the Force was singularly rich in well-known newspaper men and literateurs. These men enlisted the sympathies of the two Regimental Padres (Chaplain-Captains E. E. Maiden and T. Segrief), and on the last Sunday in September, 1914, a meeting was held in the London Missionary Society's Hall on the waterfront. The questions as to what form the proposed publication should take, the nature of the articles to be called for, the cost of production and the duties of management, were the subject of an animated discussion, and, with the help of the technical knowledge available, the scheme was soon reduced to the realm of practicability. Those present formed themselves into a body to be called "The Literary Committee of the Advance Party," and it was unanimously decided to proceed with the project. The name for the paper was a matter of weighty consideration, and was eventually decided by a majority vote. The result of this vote was that there burst forth at a later date upon the astonished gaze of the troops a journal called "The Pull Thro'," with which was incorporated the "Noumean Nightmare," "Suva Send Off," and "Samoan Sun."

The meeting broke up with a very definite warning—at the outset it was to be made clear to contributors that the strictest censorship of articles submitted would be necessary, as, at all costs, the revealing of military information had to be avoided. While the best legal opinion available was prepared to scout the Jaws of libel, it had a very healthy respect for the provisions of the Army Act. There was reputed to be, hidden away somewhere in that nebulous statute, a reference to divers pains and penalties for those who "published or caused to be published" any matter which reflected upon the ability, character or the intelligence of superiors in rank. Comment was made on the fact that the converse was apparently not the law of the land, and the most pungent reflections upon the character or ability of one's inferiors in rank seemed to be within both the spirit and the letter of that somewhat one-sided enactment. This provision in favour of superiors was responsible for the suppression of many highly-flavoured efforts submitted by the members of the rank and file. The sub-editors have vivid recollections of some anonymous and inspired vituperation which, if only on account of its obvious sincerity, should have deserved a better fate than the oblivion of the waste-paper basket. Indeed, there was a vague doubt in the minds of the censors as to whether the name of the paper itself were not libellous. Its primary significance was innocent enough, being an article of daily use amongst troops, designed to break off short in the rifle and cause considerable inconvenience in its extraction. Its secondary and more poignant significance lay in the fact that it was a nom-de-plume applied to one of the officers, an ex-Indian Army captain, who was the possessor of a habit, distinguishing him from his namesake, of never breaking off short in anything that he undertook. He was reputed to have definite notions on the subject of lampooning officials, and the censors of the Literary Committee decided that it must be made quite clear that the name of the journal was to be understood only in its primary meaning.

As soon as word went round that contributors were required, a steady stream of manuscript commenced to flow in to the Literary Committee. It is very much doubted if ever a paper of the ultimate dimensions of the "Pull Thro'" required as much sorting, sub-editing and re-writing as proved necessary in September and October, 1914. During a lull, however, the Committee considered as to where the journal should be printed. At this juncture difficulties of a technical nature obtruded themselves. The port of Apia was the possessor of but one printing press, and that one was particularly antiquated. By assiduous attention to business it wheezed out a weekly periodical which rejoiced in the name of the "Samoanische Zeitung" (afterwards named the "Samoan Times"). It was a royal folio sheet of eight pages printed in Samoan, German and English, and nominally edited by one Emil Luebke. The editor, however, was said to have taken to the hills after a protracted bout of his favourite laager beer. The publication and management of the paper was left to James Ah Sue, a picturesque half-caste Chinese Samoan, the son of Bully Hayes's Chinese cook.

The Committee accordingly waited on Ah Sue. Ah Sue was at all times prepared to be helpful, but he pointed out that the type in which it had been decided to print the publication was all used in the "Zeitung," and that the copy would have to be set in larger type. This necessitated new lay-out and rearrangement of the manuscript that had been prepared. He later indicated that the native compositors could not read English manuscript, and that all handwritten matter had to be reduced to properly punctuated typescript. This was bad enough; but when it was discovered that there was only one typewriter available in the whole of the Samoan Group and that it was in the last stage of senile decay, the Literary Committee began to think that they had taken on a task of Herculean dimensions. However, two members of the Committee had graduated at the "case," and actually set up the type of most of the first number of the paper, and shortly prior to 14th October, 1914, it was ready to go to press.

Ah Sue then pointed out that his press, being of the vintage of the early sixties, was operated by manual power. This proved to be only too true, and working the press was highly reminiscent of one's childhood days turning the family mangle. Relays of native boys took turns in supplying the power, and gradually the first four pages were run off to the number of about 2000 copies. In an ill-guarded moment, however, one of the Committee dropped the hint that at least 4000 impressions were required.

The natives lost heart immediately and before the work was half completed they struck for higher pay. This was refused, and the edition was ultimately completed by the Committee themselves. Stripped to the waist and streaming with perspiration, they mangled day and night with no other encouragement than an occasional bottle of laager beer supplied by the presiding genius, James Ah Sue. Then followed the folding, cutting and distribution of the paper, and about 4 p.m. on 14th October, the many-sired brain-child of the Literary Committee was born. Mails were at this time infrequent, and the troops were longing for reading matter. It had been with some diffidence that so great a number of impressions had been decided upon, but the determined rush made by the rank and file for copies of the journal, partly for local consumption and partly to despatch to relatives in New Zealand, was a gratifying sight to the weary Literary Committee.

Some of the verse and paragraphs were obviously the work of unpractised amateurs, but a good deal of the matter was the best that professionals could furnish. Officers' little mannerisms were deftly turned to advantage in rhyme and prose, and a serial set of verses, "The Ballad of the B'hoys," relating to troopship life, ports of call, landing and subsequent garrison routine, ran through several issues and bore the stamp of an observant brain and a sublime sense of humour.

It was the original intention of the Committee to publish the paper weekly. The difficulty of obtaining the requisite leave from regimental duties, however, coupled with the limitations of the "Zeitung" plant, necessitated an alteration to this programme. Application was accordingly made to the manager of the London Missionary Society's printing establishment at Malua, Mr. H. S. Griffin, and he undertook to print the second and subsequent numbers of the paper.

The second edition was published ten days after the first, on the 24th October, and its appearance was an excellent indication of the improved plant with which it had been produced. Difficulties continued to crop up, but these were overcome much more easily than those besetting the path of the initial produc-tionproduction. The compositors at Malua could read English and English manuscript, and the derelict typewriter was accordingly abandoned. Mr. and Mrs. Griffin were the soul of courtesy and hospitality, and those who were fortunate enough to get night leave to stay at Malua will ever have the happiest recollections of sleeping in a real bed, without having their anatomy explored and punctured by the venomous fauna which flourished in the sleeping quarters at Malifa and Vaea.

The London Missionary Society's plant at Malua was up-to-date and contained many ingenious labour-saving devices which in turn had been improved by the enterprising manager. It was in this establishment that the Bible and Prayer Book were translated into, and published in several Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian languages. Portions also of the Holy Writ were published into that lingua franca of the South Seas, "Pidgeon English."

One member of the Literary Committee was a well-known sketch artist and caricaturist, and great disappointment was felt when it was found there was no process engraving plant of any kind in the island. Much thought was given to the matter, and the problem was eventually solved in a most ingenious manner by one of the Committee. The artist (Pat. Hanna) handed over his original sketches which were copied on to some smooth-faced linoleum. The actual picture was engraved by cutting away the blank part of the linoleum, so leaving the raised lines of the sketch as a printing surface. These blocks were by no means perfect, but served sufficiently well to show the title of the paper projected on the rays of the setting sun, with Apia harbour in the foreground carrying a battleship riding at anchor in the middle distance. A private of the Forces sat beneath the traditional palm in the foreground, reading a copy of the paper, while a businesslike centipede is seen delivering a frontal attack upon the reader and a halo of flies sets off his head to advantage. To add some martial effect the figure in the foreground is carrying in his arms his rifle with bayonet fixed. The copy of the paper obscures the middle portion of the rifle, and the craftsman, in copying it on to the linoleum, failed to make the lines of the

A black and white series of sketched cartoons about the New Zealand Expeditionary Force based in Samoa and their first Christmas there.rifle continuous and gave the impression of the bayonet end having been refracted as it passed behind the paper.

Another full page sketch is shown in the third number, in which a dejected-looking member of the Force is seen holding Samoa in his arms. He is being attacked on all sides by many species of vermin, and the picture bears the brief but pathetic legend, "We'll hold it; but we wish something would happen." This cartoon was a very fair indication of the feeling of the ranks at this early stage of the occupation. Numbers 1 and 2 contained many faked advertisements, which were possibly the most amusing portion of the paper. One, particularly, touched the regimental sense of humour, and ran as follows:

Wanted, Urgently, by Regimental Cooks—Lessons in Cookery.

In all there were six numbers of the "Pull Thro'" published by the Advance Party. At first the news and banter were mostly regarding the troops themselves. It is interesting to note, however, that all that changed in the few months of the occupation, and in latter numbers the subject of themselves was shunned. This alteration reflected, after true journalistic fashion, the inclination of the readers. The troops were, it must be admitted, quickly tired of their inactive and seemingly futile life in the Island, and their impatience to be away rendered distasteful to them any extensive reference to their lot. The advertisements, too, ceased their jocular note and became the sober, money-making contributions of the tradesmen. The literary merit of the production was, however, steadily progressive, even if its issue were somewhat intermittent. It is believed, however, that there has been no publication in the history of the war, edited and published solely by the rank and file, that surpasses in continuity of effort and literary achievement the product of the New Zealanders' enforced idleness in the South Seas.

Chapter XIX.Garrison Life.

With all the hard usage and rough marching the footware with which the troops had been issued soon became a problem, and the want of clothing also became a pressing one. Two pairs of boots and one uniform per man had not been sufficient to stand up to the strain, and it soon became impossible to turn out the whole of the troops serviceably uniformed. The Mills Webb equipment also came in for criticism, the ammunition carriers soon showing signs of wear through friction of the clipped ammunition, and the dome-fasteners became liable to be rubbed open in handling the rifle. The haversacks hung too low, and pressing on the bayonet caused chafing of legs and impeded progress.

The climate played havoc with the bulk foodstuffs, and large quantities which had become weevil-infested or mouldy through the humid climate had to be destroyed. Tents rapidly perished and all in use had to be doubled to keep out the heavy rains. The horses, too, became badly infected with the tropical tona, as well as lampas, the latter caused through the hard feed, and bran proving too heating. This diet was largely substituted by mummy apple—a much-appreciated delicacy—and green fodder and hay.

Early in October a mounted troop for patrol work was formed, and a call made for men who had previously served in mounted rifles or cavalry met with a ready response. Sergt. F. H. Anderson was appointed to the command with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant.

The Hospital, which had been a gift of a German millionaire to the town of Apia, was a large, airy bungalow building, the cool wards opening onto wide verandahs. Here the medical officers, nursing sisters and orderlies of the N.Z.M.C. were kept very busily occupied, and despite the epidemics of various tropical illnesses and the virulent form of dysentery, all patients

Transport.

The Mounted Patrol. Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia. made good recoveries, and rejoiced in the tender care of the sisters, the cool quarters, and well-cooked foods, all in striking contrast to the living conditions of the various units.

Dysentery increased in October, but most cases yielded to ordinary treatment. The average stay in hospital was about ten days. Dengue fever also began to get its grip upon the troops.

The Dental Officers were busy in an effort to overhaul the mouths of all men before they moved on, but this work was considerably hampered through lack of material and instruments.

The 5th Regiment were all out of their tents and under permanent shelters before 1st November. The latter included the native houses, the school buildings, and a large newly-erected building dubbed "the barn." Other units had also been placed in permanent cover, and the barracks had been completed at Vaea for the Aucklanders. This, together with improved sanitation, led to a large decrease in sickness, and the general use of mosquito nets, which had by this time become possible, soon brought about a diminution of dengue fever.

A large number of men during November became attacked with a slight but nevertheless most unpleasant and irritating complaint known to the troops as Dhobie Itch (Tinea Cruris), and swelled the ranks of the sick parades of sufferers in search of soothing lotions.

Enteric fever also showed itself, and the second inoculation, which had not up to that time been possible, was hurriedly performed on all ranks.

On the "Tofua," which arrived about this time, came some of the wives of officers, but the O.C. Force would not sanction their landing on the grounds that it was inadvisable in view of the unsettled state of affairs in the Territory.

By the outgoing return steamer a further draft left for New Zealand in charge of Captain W. H. D. Bell, Orderly Officer, who had been recalled for duty with his Regiment—King Edward Horse. They were the envy of all, for the monotony of the life was telling its tale, and the one great desire was to be moving on.

Fifth (Wellington) Machine Gunners. Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

No trouble occurred at any time during the occupation between the troops and the natives. But with 1400 armed men, many of them very young and inexperienced in the ways of the natives, the possibility of a clash between small sections was ever present.

The Samoans are noted warriors, and beneath their placid exterior are always ready for a fight. The tombstones erected at Mulinu'u to the memory of the British, United States and German marines who fell in the wars of 1888 and 1899 stand in mute testimony to their skill in battle, and the thousands of brawny men to be seen on a gala day marching four deep into the town, chanting their weird songs, dressed only in their loin cloth of native tapa and their bare bodies shining with coconut oil, bring a realisation of their latent power.

Though the great majority of the natives were in sympathy with the British occupation, it was inevitable that the change of Government should be accompanied by a certain measure of unrest. The general world upheaval had its effect on the native mind, and several minor disputes arose in outlying villages between partisans of the British and of the Germans, and the troops were called out on several occasions to keep the peace.

On one occasion in Apia two men of different villages quarrelled; supporters from both sides joined in, and were separated only after one had received a dangerous wound in the back from a plantation knife—the favourite weapon of the Samoan. The injured man's family were not to be denied their revenge. On the following morning bands of natives, with blackened faces and wearing other insignia of war, were assembling in the vicinity.

The Wellingtons moved promptly through the Magiagi plantation. Other units acted in conformity, with mounted picquets in the town area. Bands of natives armed with spears, knives and clubs, were rounded up and disarmed, and the opposing chiefs were brought before the O.C. Force, as a result of which a reconciliation was soon effected.

Such prompt and decisive action on the part of Colonel Logan, and the just manner of the settlement by him of native disputes, brought their own reward and all troubles of this description soon ceased.

On the night of 5th November a large party of troops, headed by a spirited contingent from the Signallers, foregathered to celebrate the anniversary. Guy Fawkes was duly burned in the presence of a huge "crocodile" parade, in which Samoan and "fitafita" joined hands and rendered "Auld Lang Syne" with great gusto.

On the 9th November the Palolo, that curious coral worm which makes its appearance but once a year, brought an assembly of fishermen on the lagoon, off Matautu Point, before daylight to await the "rise." As morning broke it came from the reefs and, rising slowly, soon covered the surface of the water, and was scooped up in myriads by means of small hand nets. The presence of a school of sharks created a diversion at sunrise, but the natives were in no way alarmed, and dozens of the young men swam about heedless of danger.

The monotony of the garrison life had now begun to make a mark upon the men, but great news was in store. Scarcely had lights-out sounded on 9th November than cheering broke out at the Guard tent. Enquiring heads popped out of every shelter, followed immediately by scantily-clothed bodies, and, like wildfire, the news ran through the camps that a naval engagement had been fought, and the "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau" had been sunk in action by Admiral Sturdee off the Falklands. Cheer upon cheer could be heard in the night air, becoming fainter as the news travelled to the more remote camps. Half-naked men rushed everywhere, all discipline relaxed, and King Revelry reigned. Torch lights and improvised nerve-wracking "bands" appeared as if by magic, and headed by the 5th Wellington Band, the most weird and boisterous procession ever witnessed in the calm and peaceful streets of Apia proceeded towards the Hospital, where, in addition to numbers of the rank and file, lay Lieut-Col. Turner and Major Fulton.

Through the town careered the defence lorries packed with rejoicing troops, while the citizens of Apia, warm-hearted and

Fifth (

Wellington

) Regiment Band.hospitable, made open house and worthily assisted in celebrating the great event.

Meantime, in their own particular way, the officers had also been celebrating. The comfortable and cool quarters of the British Club, and the wide breeze-swept verandahs of the Central Hotel had not been forbidden them!

Far into the night the fun continued fast and furious, and many a man lay down to rest in the early hours of the morning happy in the belief that his days of travail in Samoa were nearing an end.

But the day of relief for rank and file had not yet come, and the weeks dragged wearily on. On 19th November Major Matthew Holmes, P.M.O., was recalled to New Zealand, and he was followed on 26th of the same month by Major W. R. Pinwill, Chief Staff Officer and Captain T. R. Eastwood, A.D.C. With them also went Captains R. L. Evatt and R. W. Wilkinson, of the 5th Regiment, and Lieut. Davies, P. and T. Company. At the same time Major B. Head (2nd in command) and Captain R. B. Neill (Adjutant), both of the 5th (Wellington) Regiment, obtained their recall by first opportunity to rejoin their respective regiments in the British Army.

Lieut.-Col. C. Harcourt Turner, O.C. 5th Regiment, who, early in December, had had the misfortune to be thrown from his trap and sustain a broken leg, was evacuated to New Zealand, leaving on 24th December.

This brought about a rearrangement of staffs. Captain H. H. Wright became General Staff Officer and Adjutant-General, Captain J. G. Roache, 5th Regiment, succeeded Captain Wright as A.Q.M.G., and Lieut. H. C. Cotton succeeded Captain Eastwood. Major J. A. Cowles commanded the 5th with Major R. St. J. Beere as second in command, and Lieut. C. K. Gascoigne as Adjutant.

Major C. M. Dawson arrived on 25th November as P.M.O. in place of Major Holmes, and soon endeared himself to all ranks. He had also an established place in the hearts of the natives with whom he had had wide experience in other Pacific Islands.

Chapter XX.Christmas Festivities.

On the evening of 24th December some 200 of the troops from various units, in festive spirit, broke camp and proceeded to town. Rumour had had it for some weeks past that the hotels would be thrown open for two hours on Christmas Eve, and this had been expectantly looked forward to. Boisterous bodies of men gathered at the Central Hotel, where they sought out the proprietor and good-naturedly requested him to supply drinks. Their request being of no avail, they forcibly entered the establishment and made off with any portable beverages in sight. The crowd was soon augmented, and during the course of the evening the Tivoli and International Hotels were also visited and cleared out of quantities of liquor, no damage being done to the premises. Those who had not reached town in time to participate in the earlier enterprises were not to be denied. A bonded store was the next called upon, and whisky and beer were removed in cases. "Depots" were established by the more successful of the raiders, some of which were surreptitiously visited for weeks afterwards. Indeed, one night in January a private of the 3rd Aucklanders was found crawling on hands and knees from beneath the officers' quarters. Investigation of his movements disclosed the remainder of a "plant" immediately below the officers' mess itself!

An enquiry was held into the circumstances of the raid in an endeavour to sheet home the guilt, but with little success. Finally the damage was assessed by the Board at £180, and a per capita collection was made from all troops to cover it.

The money so collected was handed over to the hotelkeepers who sustained losses, but the owners of the bulk store, quibbling as to the amount of restitution offered, were given time by Colonel Logan in which to accept. They declined the offer, and the amount was paid over to the Belgian Relief Fund, their protest being met with the curt reminder that the Germans then over-running Belgium were not likely to be equally considerate of the property of the inhabitants of the towns of Belgium they were so busily ransacking and pillaging.

As a result of the raid a town picquet was thereafter posted daily from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., and all night leave was stopped.

This might be recorded as the one and only serious breach of military discipline of the Force, and no doubt would not have occurred had a little laxity been shown by the authorities for the Christmas festivities.

Christmas Day was a day of rain, and the great feature was, of course, the Christmas dinner. Many units had been presented with fruit, fowls and pigs by native chiefs in the vicinity, while several pigstyes and fowl roosts were minus their occupants on Christmas morning. One bottle of ale per man was also issued from Q.M. Stores—a somewhat ironical peace offering!

The "Navua" had entered port two days earlier with the usual mail well supplemented with Christmas cheer from the

'Xmas Cheer.home folk, as well as gifts from the Lady Liverpool Fund in New Zealand.

For Boxing Day a big seven-a-side football tournament was arranged. Although the blinking of an eyelid was sufficient to raise a perspiration, ten Rugby and three Soccer teams took part, play throughout being keen and full of interest, not the least excited being the big contingent of native spectators.

On New Year's Eve "Lights Out" was extended till the old year had passed. It was a brilliant, moonlight night, one of those nights which, when seen in Samoa, lives for ever in the memory, and it was given up to enjoyment. The Entertainment Committee arranged one of their popular concerts at Malifa when members of the Headquarters Staff, officers and nursing sisters attended, as well as many residents, both European and Native.

This concert, and others of its kind, stand out vividly across the years now passed by those who took part in them. There in the still night air, balmy and warm, with the Quarter's guard on duty and sentries posted; the officers and nurses, dressed in white, in the front seats, backed by the rank and file in shirts and shorts; the natives lining the back areas, wide-eyed but thoroughly appreciative spectators; the setting a temporary stage with the troops' favourite, Jack Gosling, singing ragtime, Peter Cimino with his beloved clarionet, Clif. Baker at the piano, or Pat. Hanna depicting in caricature the features of well-known characters.

At the Battery Camp a boxing tournament was in progress, which was followed by singing and dancing well into the night.

At the Pilot Station the ubiquitous Signallers gave the old time-gun as much powder as she could hold, got out the chronometer and at midnight let her go to the accompaniment of much jollification.

A Sports Meeting on New Year's Day was an even greater success than the football tournament, Colonel Logan and representatives from all units being present. The various events were got off with commendable promptitude, and some excellent contests were witnessed.

During these festivities the long looked for orders were cabled from New Zealand that 500 men would be withdrawn in January. For in Egypt our more fortunate brethren were training assiduously for coming events of which they were not yet aware. And ere the year had run its course many of that gallant band assembled in Apia had joined them and were sleeping their last long sleep on Anzac, in Egypt, France and Flanders Fields.

A black and white photography showing a battleship stationary in a harbour.

Chapter XXI.Warnings of an Invasion.

But hard upon this news came information by radiogram, through the Governor-General of New Zealand, that enemy ships were again believed to be in the vicinity, this time the "Dresden" and "Prinz Eitel Friedrich," the latter believed to have 1500 German reservists from South American ports on board.

With the force then available (it had been greatly depleted through the return of unfit men to New Zealand), it would have been impossible to hold both Apia and the Wireless Station and keep a sufficient mobile force on hand to meet a landing of 1500 men with any hope of success in accordance with the then existing defence scheme. The base was therefore moved from Apia to the Wireless Station, and plans were altered to use all troops to attack a landing force.

Patrols on horses and bicycles were sent out daily along the approaches to Apia, and at times penetrated as far as Falefa on the East, Mulifanua on the West, and Safata to the South. The landing places were further strengthened by much hard digging.

With the Wireless as the base, came more defences. The plant was built in the midst of a clearing in the bush some half-mile in diameter. The ground was volcanic and the soil thin, and trenching was out of the question. It was decided to erect sangars around the buildings and a loop-holed passageway from the main redoubt to the quarters on the hill. Hence the wireless walls of song and history came into being. Boulders of all sizes and shapes were on the site, and gangs of Chinese and Solomon Islanders from nearby plantations were employed clearing the field of fire up to the edge of the thick forest, and carting stones for the garrison. The latter now consisted of a detachment of Artillery with its two Norden-feldts (which had proceeded by aid of bullock waggons) under Lieut. Reed; a Medical detachment under Surgeon Captain Tapper; a mixed company of Railway Engineers and 3rd Aucklanders, and Lieut. McNab and a party of Engineers.

The work was hard and the hours long, but by the end of February it was completed.

Apia Wireless Station.

All ammunition and supplies were sent to the Wireless Station, and provision was made for additional water supplies. All available transport between Apia and Mulifanua was brought in to prevent its falling into the hands of any hostile force.

One afternoon, when the troops were busily engaged in the vicinity, a flywheel of one of the engines exploded; portions went through the roof and walls of the engine house, striking the mast 300 feet above ground level, carrying away two diagonals and bending one leg of the mast. Fortunately and miraculously no casualties occurred excepting to a Solomon Islander who was

The Wireless Garrison. Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.working 100 yards away. He was struck by a flying fragment of the wheel and had his leg badly fractured. The native was firmly convinced that, as he was maimed, he would be certain to be killed, according to tribal custom, and great difficulty was experienced in persuading him otherwise, and that a Government position would be found for him. The repairs to the mast were later effected by the staff.

On 30th January "Encounter" again made her appearance inside the reef, but sailed within two hours after a conference between Captain Lewin and Colonel Logan.

A very dry spell of weather was now experienced, and nearly all water for the troops had to be carted in horse-drawn water-carriers. The latter being in short supply, the task proved a somewhat arduous one, and the private in charge—a prominent New Zealand barrister—could be seen early and late perched on his water cart in an endeavour to meet the demands.

An epidemic of ringworm appeared and spread very rapidly, all affected being segregated in camps. Here the time hung very heavily, the effects of the inaction and the nature of the affliction not tending to improve the state of mind of the stricken.

On 9th January a company of the 5th Regiment, with two machine-guns, under the command of Major Cowles, proceeded for a few days to Malua, the famous headquarters of the London Missionary Society. The troops were quartered in the huts usually occupied by the students, and delighted the natives by their drills and the work of the machine-guns. The station included a fine church, a printing works, a training college for native Samoan missionaries, the whole under the direction of the Rev. J. W. Hills. The mission house, of cool concrete walls and heavy native thatched roof, set on one of the many breezy points overlooking the lagoon, was a product of long experience in the Tropics, and no doubt assisted materially in maintaining the health of the missionary, who, with his wife, had devoted a life-time in the service of the Samoans. The station has an interesting history, having been used as a hospital during native wars, and it flew the Red Cross when the German cruisers were off the island in the previous September.

The College was instituted for the purpose of training native missionaries, who, on completion of their courses, left Samoa for some far-away island in the Pacific to carry their message and—prior to the German occupation—reverence for the British flag. On the Sunday Mr. Hills invited the troops to service in the Samoan church. It was with difficulty that he carried on, for he had not preached in English for eleven years. At the conclusion of the service the National Anthem was sung

Samoa's War Graves; Members of the Samoan Relief Forces, and the missionary, overcome with emotion, hid his face in his hands—his long years of humiliation were over.

On the following day the command returned to Malifa, the men having benefited to no little extent by even so small a change.

In February a diversion was caused by a visit from H.I.J.M.S. "Nisshin," and for a day the Jap. sailors swarmed over the town and its vicinity in their characteristic fashion.

During this month also the O.C. Troops and 100 men of the pa Regiment marched to Solosolo to accept the invitation of the native chiefs there to attend a feast. For three days and nights they were the guests of the natives and were treated to much hospitality.

Very high winds set in towards the end of the month and brought much-needed rain. The "Talune" (Transport No. 16), which had been lying rusting in harbour for over a month in anticipation of an early embarkation, was forced to leave port as her anchors were dragging, and, it being the hurricane season, she was taking no chances.

Conditions now became very trying for the troops. News had been received that our Main Body men had received their baptism of fire on the Suez, and the great desire was to be moving further afield. A medical examination of the men at the various camps showed a marked deterioration in the large numbers of immature men, a goodly number being anaemic, and of these a proportion showed signs of cardiac weakness. But, no doubt, with the majority, the general falling off was through "Hope Deferred Making the Heart Sick." By the end of February admissions to hospital were being registered at the rate of some 80 per week.

Chapter XXII.Relief at Last.

But relief came at last, and on 8th March the long-looked-for radiogram arrived ordering the embarkation of 500 men for New Zealand. Apia immediately became a hive of cheerful activity. A Medical Board sorted out the unfits, who were to be the first to leave, and a selection was made from the remainder to fill the quota. Three nursing sisters were also recalled, and later became the three senior matrons of the Nursing Service which left New Zealand with the first nurses for Egypt. All heavy baggage was carted to the waterfront and lightered to the ship, and on the 12th the barges were once more filled with the troops. They embarked without mishap and by nightfall had disappeared around Faleula Point homeward bound, leaving many a comrade disconsolate.

But the days of the Force in Samoa were numbered. Before the end of the month advice came to hand that the Samoan

The Regimental Band's last Good-bye.Photo supplied by F. H. Hudson. Relief Force had sailed and that the remaining men were to embark for New Zealand immediately they were relieved.

On 3rd April the relief arrived, 360 strong. Troops and horses disembarked with much willing assistance and proceeded at once to their several quarters and took over from the remnants of the Force.

Last good-byes were said and packs were packed with many gifts of native curios from European and Native friends, and for the last time the Regimental Band headed the Samoan Expeditionary Force as it marched away.

As the troopship slipped from her moorings and headed across the calm, moonlit waters of the bay and through the reef entrance, carrying its burden of homebound troops, there was many a pang of regret at leaving those beautiful shores and the good friendships made. And all around the bay bonfires were observed, lit by the natives as a parting tribute to the New Zealanders whom they had learned to love and respect in the six months that they had spent together, while across the tropic night came sweetly the refrain of that haunting and ever-to-be-remembered native song of farewell, "Tofa ma Feleni."

Embarking for Home—Tofa, Samoa.Photo by A. J. Tattersall, Apia.

Embarkation RollSamoan Expeditionary Force

Headquarter's Staff. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 15/200 Logan, Robert, Colonel, A.D.C., N.Z.S.C., Officer Commanding Administrator of Samoa, 1914-19. (C.B., Legion d'Honneur Chevalier) 15/202 Eastwood, T. R., Captain, A.D.C. Bvt. Maj., 3rd Rfts.(M.C.) 1/01
Killed in Action, France.
Bell, W. H. D., Captain Orderly Officer Imperial Forces 13/201 Pinwill, W. R., Major, Chief Staff Officer Lt. Col. 3rd. Rfts. (Croix de Guerre) 34/97 Wright., H.H., Captain, A.Q.M.G. Maj. 17th Rfts, and Imperial Forces 0/5 Tottenham., A.L., Captain Provost Marshal Imperial Forces 3/1
Died in N.Z., 15/11/18.
Holmes, M., Major, P.M.O. Lt. Col., 3rd and 11th Rfts.

Chaplains. 18/11 Maiden., E.E. 7th Rfts. 1/117 Segrief., T.B. H.S. "Maheno," H.S. "Marama" & 23rd Rfts.

Field Cashier's Staff. 26/16 Hackworth., P.V., 2nd Lt., Field Cashier Capt 4th N.Z.R.B. 1/462 Hale., S.G., Sergeant Capt. Army Pay Corps (M.B.E.)

5th (Wellington) Regiment.Regimental Staff. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 1/04 Turner., C.H., Lt. Col. Home Service 1/05
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Head, B., Major Imperial Forces 1/426 Neill., R.B., Captain and Adjutant Imperial Forces (Lt. Col., D.S.O.) 1/153
Killed In Action, France.
Barnard, S., Q.M.R. A.I.F. 1/07 Morrison, J., S.M. A.I.F. 1/9 Cameron., H.J., Q.M.S. C.S.M. with W.I.R. 1/499 Smith, S. J., Sergeant Secretary, Samoan Administration, 1915-18 1/8 von Keisenberg, A. O., Sergeant L.Cpl. 24th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/229 Marshall, A. H., Sergeant Sgt. 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/225 Miller, C. W., Sergeant Cpl. O.I.R., 4th Rfts. 1/504 Walker, J., Sergeant T. Capt. W.I.R., 5th Rfts. 1/304 Lee, J., Sergeant

"A" Company. 1/08 Major Cowles, J. A. Lt. Col., 3rd Bn., N.Z.R.B., and 27th Rfts. 1/553 Captain Evatt, R. L. W.I.R., 15th Rfts. 23/11 Lieut. Gasquoine, C. K. Major, N.Z.R.B. 1/187
Died of Sickness, United Kingdom.
Lieut. Kenny, D. A. Capt., M.G., Cps., 10th Rfts. 1/816 Lieut. Wollerman, H. F. Military Censor, Samoa, 1914-19. 1/182 2nd Lt. Edwards, E. G. N.Z.R.B., 11th Rfts. 1/09 C.S.M. Macmorran, G. B. Capt., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/14 Q.M.S. Weir, G. H. C.S.M., W.I.R., 12th Rfts. 1/314 Sergeant Hollis, E. T. Capt., N.Z.R.B., 15th Rfts. 1/198 Sergeant Knox, R. V. A. 2nd Lt., N.Z.R.B. 1/178
Killed in Action, France.
Sergent Hopkirk, W. S. 2nd Lt., W.I.R., 6th Rfts. 1/413 Sergent Richards, W. T. W.O., W.I.R., 35th Rfts. 1/015 Sergent Jones, C. W. 2nd Lt., W.I.R., 17th Rfts. 1/185
Killed in Action, Palestine.
Sergent Tait, K. J. Capt., A.M.R., 14th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/175 Sergent Robertson, J. H. Collr. Customs, Apia, 1914-19 (Medaille d'Honneur) 1/109 Sergent Bradley, G. E. Sergt., W.I.R., 13th Rfts. 1/416 Sergent Black, B. A. 1/200 Sergent Gair, C. 2nd Lt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B, (D.C.M.) 1/222 Sergent Davison, F. W.O., W.I.R., 8th Rfts. 1/282 L.Sgt. Barcham, P. de R.S.M., 35th Rfts. 1/542 Corporal Quinnell, A. Sgt., A.I.B., 4th Rfts. 1/331
Killed in Action, Ansac.
Corporal Tothill, C. Private, 4th Rfts. 1/208 Corporal Fisher, C. J. Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/95 Corporal Finn, J. 2nd Lt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/73 Corporal Petersen, H. A. W.O., 13th Rfts. 1/325
Died of Wounds, France.
Corporal Crowther, A. S. Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/214 Corporal Cimino, F. A. Private, 4th Rfts. 1/143 * L.Cpl Guthrie, L. Sergeant, C.I.R., 9th Rfts. 1/306 L.Cpl Toner, H. T/Cpl., 37th Rfts. 1/309 L.Cpl Gilmour, E. M. 2nd Lt., C.I.R., 6th Rfts. 1/60
Missing, Believed Killed in Action, Ansae.
L.Cpl Spooner, E. J. Private, 5th Rfts. 1/142 L.Cpl Thorn, C. W. W.O., W.I.R., 10th Rfts. 1/319 L.Cpl Aitken, A. H. Corporal, 8th Rfts. 1/327 L.Cpl Hay, W. L. L/Sgt., O.I.R., 4th, Rfts. 1/164 L.Cpl Field, P. T. Sgt., 5th; Lt., 36th Rfts. 1/42 L.Cpl Tagg, H. G. T/Cpl., 37th Rfts. 1/87 L.Cpl Ferguson, A. J. Sergeant, 24th Rfts. 1/127 L.Cpl Hutchison, W. B. Private, 4th Rfts. 1/174 L.Cpl Stidolph, F. H. R. L/Cpl., 3rd Rfts. 1/65 L.Cpl West, A. T. Sergeant, 3rd Rfts. 1/261 L.Cpl Urquhart, H. Trooper, 12th Rfts. 1/321 L.Cpl. Aekins. K. C. Police Dept., Apia Sergeant, 29th Rfts. 1/441 Private Alley, H. Sgt., W.I.R., 4th Rfts. 1/172 Private Alquist, L. 1/251 Private Ambridge, F. C. Private, 5th Rfts. 1/83 Private Affleck, E. C.Q.M.S., 5th Rfts. (Croix de Guerre, Belgian) 1/528
Killed in Action, France.
Private Black, J. W. C.S.M., 20th Rfts. 1/366 Private Bland, H. G. Cpl., 4th Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/119 Private Blackett, R.C.N. L/Cpl., W.I.R., 5th Rfts. 1/80 Private Brill, C. 1/333 Private Bromley, F. J. 1/66
Accidentally Killed, France.
Private Barber, J. Sgt., W.I.R., 5th Rfts. 1/96
Died in N.Z., 10/5/15.
Private Baker, P. C. 1/016 Private Bennett, R. H. L/Cpl., N.Z.R.B. 28th Rfts. 1/166 Private Bowater, G. Corporal, 35th Rfts. 1/017
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Brown, B. Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/330 Private Baker, F. 1/49 Private Buschl, J. Private, Main Body 1/37
Died of Sickness, Egypt.
Private Beaumont, D. G. Sgt., A.M.R., 8th Rfts. 1/183 Private Baker, W. A. 1/301 Private Booth, B. G. R.N.V.R. 1/305 Private Bruhn, O. L. 1/156 Private Bradley, J. T. Driver, 16th Rfts. 1/106 Private Brown, T. J. 4th Reinforcements 1/457 Private Berg, L. A. Staff Sergeant, 18th Rfts., (D.C.M., M.M.) 1/151 Private Ballard, F. E. L/Cpl., W.I.R., 9th Rfts. 1/323 Private Collins, R. G. 1/311 Private Cooper, N. 27th Rfts. 1/322 Private Cummins, N. L/Cpl., O.I.R., 9th Rfts. 1/324 Private Chambers, W. W. 19th Rfts. 1/438 Private Christie, G. D. Corporal, 37th Rfts. 1/422 Private Christie, R. D. 1/233 Private Coker, A. C. Sapper, Engineers, 9th Rfts. 1/218 Private Cooper, R. W. Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/213 Private Craig, A. J. Sgt, 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/471 Private Cummins, G. 1/526 Private Chesters, S. H. 5th Rfts. 1/76 Private Clapson, W. L. Staff Sergeant, 14th Rfts. 1/247 Private Clarke, C. R. 1/12 Private Crossley, A. D. Sapper, 14th Rfts. 1/23
Died of Wounds, H.S. "Gaston," Anzac.
Private Callan, A. T. Private, 4th Rfts. 1/510 Private Clark, A. Corporal, N.Z.R.B. 1/255 Private Callaghan, T. H. 5th Rfts. 1/35 Private Dromgool, S. R. Corporal, 28th Rfts. 1/107 Private Davison, A. Sergeant, 6th Rfts. 1/131 Private Davidson, R. W. C.Q.M.S., 13th Rfts. 1/497 Private Davies, J. H. 1/420 Private Driver, H. W. K. L/Corporal, 35th Rfts. 1/17 Private Dixon, W. Private, 7th Rfts. 1/483 Private Duff, W. J. Sergeant, 9th Rfts. 1/509 Private Elliott, G. I. 4th Rfts. 1/374 Private Eagar, R. F. 2nd Lieutenant, N.Z.R.B. 1/211 Private Ebbett, N. O. 2nd Lieut., 16th Rfts. 1/212 Private Ede W. H. C.Q.M.S., 13th Rfts. 1/124
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Evans, W. A. Private, 5th Rfts. 1/299 Private Edmonds, A. E. Bombardier, 10th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/479 Private Elliott, A. Staff Sergeant, 13th Rfts. 1/453 Private Evans, L. J. Sgt./Major, 12th Rfts. 1/313 Private Findlay, W. T. 2nd Lieutenant, 26th Rfts. 1/490 Private Foss, F. Accountant, Treasury, Samoa, 1914-1920 1/246 Private Foley, H. 1/369 Private Goldsmith, W. Sgt., H.S. "Maheno" and "Marama" 1/328 " Graham, O. S. Private, 5th Rfts. 1/367 Private Greenfield, W. H. 1/160
Died in N.Z.
Private Gibson, E. J. Bombardier, 9th Rfts. 1/302 Private Gilmore, F. McC. 10th Rfts. 1/038 Private Heald, W. 1/410 Private Hayden, G. A. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. 1/547 Private Hanna, G. P. Lieutenant, 10th Rfts. 1/481 Private Hansen, A. G. 1/112 Private Harbison, W. T. 1/75 Private Hyde, H. S. Staff Sergeant, N.Z.M.C. 1/332
Killed in Action, France.
Private Hunt, A. E. C.Q.M.S., 9th Rfts. 1/039 Private Hosking, J. R. A.I.F. 1/514 Private Hastings, A. R. 1/168 Private Hart, H. Driver, 5th Rfts. 1/433 Private Halliday, H. L. H.M. Customs, Apia, 1914- 1916 1/128 Private Harris, J. 1/425
Died of Sickness, Mudros.
Private Harlen, P. Private, 5th Rfts. 1/148 Private Hey, F. 1/437 Private Hoare, B. L. 1/72 Private Hoddy, W. R. 1/555 Private Hill, G. 1/134
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Hunter, J. Private, 5th Rfts. 1/47 Private Hand, S. Private, 10th Rfts. 1/037 Private Henneker, G. J. Sergeant, 10th Rfts. 1/63 Private Henley, W. F. Corporal, 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/137 Private Henderson, R. 1/814 Private Hutchison, A. Staff Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/529 Private Haigh, J. W. D. L/Corporal, 6th Rfts. 1/77 Private Johns, A. F. Corporal, 37th Rfts. 1/203 Private Johnston, H. K. Sergeant Major, 7th Rfts. 1/38 Private Jackson, F. M. Main Body 1/449 Private Jones, A. L. 1/158 Private Jones, H. M. Corporal, 8th Rfts. 1/253 Private Jolley, C. A. 1/485 Private Jacobson, W. F. 1/250
Killed in Action, Ansac.
Private James, J. 4th Rfts. 1/235 Private Jessop, P. E. Died in N.Z., 19/3/15. 1/320 Private King, G. 5th Rfts. 1/417 Private Kitto, E. C. 18th Rfts. 1/28 Private Kennedy, T. E. S. Died in N.Z., 11/6/15. 1/120 Private Lennox, J. R. G. Corpl,, 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/418 Private Lloyd, H. C. Royal Air Force 1/501 Private Leers, M. 35th Rfts. 1/415 Private Lenihan, C. J. 1/85 Private Lucas, E. Corporal, 10th Rfts. 1/555 Private Lewis, L. E. 1/042 Private Love, F. G. 2nd Lieut., 14th Rfts. 1/316 Private Malcolm, R. C. E. N.Z.M.C. 1/194
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Manuera, H. Sergeant, 2nd Maoris 1/544 Private Marr, W. 1/169 Private Martin, R. H. Sergeant, 10th Rfts. 1/101 Private Martin, F. W.O., 6th Rfts. 1/165 Private Miller, D. O. 1/195 Private Mio, H. 1/475 Private Moore, H. 4th Rfts. 1/74 Private Moore, R. C. R. 5th Rfts. 1/300 Private Moran, E. 1/312 Private Moroney, D. 9th, and Lt. 37th Rfts. 1/263 Private Morpeth, W. G. L/Cpl., 5th Rfts. 1/546 Private Morrison, A. E. Driver, 7th Rfts. 1/82 Private Munns, S. Died in N.Z., Nov., 1919 1/344 Private McCall, J. H. 1/159 Private McCallum, L. J. A Bdr., nth Rfts. 1/167 Private McCardell, E. W. Sergeant, 22nd Rfts. 1/243 Private McClymont, W. D. L/Corporal, 2nd Rfts. 1/224 Private McCombie, C. A. Sergeant, 8th Rfts. 1/232 Private McFarlane, H. Main Body 1/191 Private McKail, J. Corporal, 8th Rfts. 1/233 Private McKay, D. 38th Rfts. 1/189 Private McKay, J. H. Sergeant, 7th Rfts. 1/245 Private McKell, A. H. A.I.F. 1/532 Private McKillop, E. R. 2nd Lieut., 7th Rfts. 1/010 Private McLeod, M. H. Sergeant, 41st Rfts. 1/352 Private McMillan, J. J. G. Corporal, 7th Rfts. 1/237 Private McMillan, H. Corpl,, 11th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/152 Private McMullen, J. 4th Rfts. 1/018
Killed in Action, Franee.
Private O'Leary, J. C. 5th Rfts. 1/162 Private Osborne, J. E. 4th Rfts. 1/459 Private O'Carroll, T. 3rd Rfts. 1/439 Private O'Brien, J. E. W. L/Cpl., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/020
Killed in Action, Anzac.Private
Private Oliver, B. W. 5th Rfts. 1/458 Private Petersen, B. 1/400 Private Paddy, F. H. 1/403 Private Paurini, M. Te W. Died in N.Z., 19/7/21 1/478 Private Philip, R. L. C. Staff Sergeant, 19th Rfts. 1/118 Private Packer, F. W. W.O., 5th Rfts. 1/477 Private Payne, E. C. 1/502 Private Payne, H. H. 1/520 Private Player, F. W. Postal Staff, Apia, 1914-16 1/230 Private Paisley, A. Acting Capt., 19th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/236 PrivatePhilips, G. W. 1/68 Private Petherick, G. A. P. 11th Rfts. 1/491 Private Quinn, C. 38th Rfts. and M.G. Corps, Imperial Forces (North Russia) 1/123
Died in N.Z., 26/9/20.Private
Private Rhodes, B. A. Lieut., 15th Rfts. 1/011 Private Reid, R. J. L/Cpl., 14th Rfts. 1/315 Private Rabe, H. 1/173 Private Richardson, G. E. 4th Rfts. l/431 Private Ricketts, H. J. Bombardier, 6th Rfts. 1/398 Private Robbie, A. F. 4th Rfts. 1/472 Private Rugg, W. Driver, 2nd Rfts. l/l6 Private Rowberry, F. B. Corporal, 4th Rfts. 1/150 Private Robinson, R. 5th Rfts. 1/54 Private Richmond, E. E. Sapper, 14th Rfts. 1/41 Private Scott, H. V. Sergeant, 18th Rfts. 1/012 Private Spearman, C. L. A. 5th Rfts. 1/231 Private Sherwood, A. W. 1/329 Private Surgenor, R. J. Corporal, 9th Rfts. 1/461 Private Smith, W. J. Died in N.Z., 30/11/18. 1/419
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Sim, H. C. Gunner, 8th Rfts. 1/180 Private Sawers, D. G. H.M. Customs, Apia Corporal, 9th Rfts. 1/135 Private Smith, L. H. 17th Rfts. 1/136
Killed in action, Anzac
Private Spotswood, J. G. 4th Rfts. 1/144 Private Swan, J. D. Capt., 5th Rfts. 1/249 Private Scott, C. 5th Rfts. 1/84 Private Sherbrooke, A. 1/450 Private Schierning, H. 5th Rfts. 1/488 Private Strickland, F. 1/21 Private Stevens, A. 1/336 Private Smith, C. V. L/Cpl., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/013 Private Tidman, A. 8th Rfts. I/III
Killed in Action, France.
Private Thomson, S. B. C.Q.M.S., 8th Rfts. 1/184 Private Tinnelly, F. C. J. 4th Bn., N.Z.R.B 1/263 Private Twomey, T. 15th Rfts. 1/524 Private Taylor, G. C. J. 1/61 Private Thompson, F. G. Lance Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/31 Private Type, F. C. A.I.F. 1/430 Private Tompkins, W. G. 1/556 Private Vivian, H. Died in N.Z., 22/7/1919 1/29 Private Verney, F. J. 4th Rfts. 1/505 Private Vaughan, V. E. 4th Rfts. 1/349 Private Watt, W. S. Lance Corporal, 8th Rfts. 1/387 Private Watson, J. B. Staff Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/310 Private Watson, H. W. Sergeant, 29th Rfts. 1/146 Private Wilman, C. 1/92 Private Wood, R. C. 2nd Lieut., IIth Rfts. 1/486 Private Wood, F. F. 4th Rfts. 1/345 Private Wright, H. V. 1/244 Private Woodward, C. B. Lieutenant, 5th Maoris 1/252 Private Welsh, P. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/411 Private Watters, A. J. Lance Corporal, 9th Rfts. 1/51 Private Wright, F. B. 2nd Lieut., 4th Rfts. 1/506 Private Walker, T. W. 23rd Rfts. 1/429 Private Worsfold, A. Sergeant, 26th Rfts. 1/126 Private Young, F. C. 1/517
Killed in Action, France.
Private Young, J. A. 5th Rfts. 1/317 Private Zorn, R. Gunner, 9th Rfts.

"B" Company. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 1/040 Major Beere, R. St. J. Lieut. Colonel, N.Z.R.B. (D.S.O.) 1/041 Captain Roache, J. G. Lieut. Colonel, N.Z.R.B. (D. S. O., Croix de Guerre) 1/554 Captain Puttick, E. Lieut. Colonel, N.Z.R.B. (D.S.O.) 1/030 Lieut. Cowles, J. R. Major, N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 1/026 Lieut. Lankshear, B. R. Captain, N.Z.R.B. 1/028
Died of Wounds, France.
2nd Lieut. Liardet, L. M. Captain, N.Z.R.B. 1/445 W.O. Bould, C. W. H. 11th Rfts. 1/265 C.Q.M.S. McClurg, D. W. Captain, N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 1/207 C.S.M. Hopkirk. J. A. D. Captain, N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 1/318 Sergeant Morgan, H. D. C.Q.M.S., 6th Rfts. 1/537 Sergeant Nimmo, A. J. T. Captain, 11th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/288 Sergeant Bedingfield, R. J. Lieutenant, 29th Rfts. 1/404 Sergeant O'Neill, H. T. 37th Rfts. 1/122 Sergeant Matheson, W. McP. Re-enlisted 1915; Receiver D.H. and P.G., Apia, 1915-1918. Re-enlisted 1918 (Medaille d' Honneur) 1/13 Sergeant Sewell, J. R. 8th Rfts. 1/7 Sergeant Bird, W. T. Post Office, Apia 2nd Lieutenant, 9th Rfts. 1/355 Sergeant Cook, R. 6th Rfts. 1/469 Sergeant Culverwell, C. E. 1/289
Killed In Action, France.
Sergeant McArthur, A. A. 11th Rfts. 1/6 Sergeant Davidson, C. J. H. Capt, 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 1/204 Sergeant Kirker, R. Sgt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/284
Killed in Action, Mesopotamia.
Sergeant Busby, W. B. Lieut., Imperial Forces 1/286 Sergeant Brockett, A. G. 2nd Lieutenant. 8th Rfts. 1/370 Sergeant Green, S. N. 1/812 Corporal Hudson, A. 2nd Lieutenant, 9th Rfts. 1/467
Died of Wounds, France.
Corporal Millar, A. C. H. Imperial Forces (M.C.) 1/43 Corporal Watson, R. McK. Acting Judge and Crown Prosecutor, Apia, 1915-1918. Re-enlisted 1918. (Medaille d'Honneur) 1/186 Corporal Temple, S. F. 2nd Lt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B., Lt, 36th Rfts. 1/110 L.Cpl. Bain, W. A. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. 1/100 L.Cpl. Berendsen, C. A. W.O. II, 43rd Rfts. 1/262 Corporal Coghlan, E. E. I'ostmaster, Apia, 1915; W. O. I., 10th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/492 L.Cpl. Cole, K. M. Sgt., 13th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/353 L.Cpl. Cook, A. E. 5th Rfts. 1/341 L.Cpl. Cox, T. Sergeant, 30th Rfts. 1/210 L.Cpl. Grant, A. H. Staff Sergeant, 37th Rfts. 1/4 L.Cpl. Irvine, J. H. Captain, 15th Rfts. 1/201 L.Cpl. Kerslake, J. A. E. Gaoler, Apia, 1914-1918 1/405
Died of Wounds on board ship ex Anzac.
Corporal Miller, A. Imperial Forces 1/557
Killed in Action, France.
L.Cpl. Murrell, S. A. Captain, 16th Rfts. 1/292 Corporal O'Shea, T. 4th Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/402 L.Cpl. Pointon, R. R. 1/26 L.Cpl. Rogers, F. 1/409 L.Cpl. Sim, W. J. Commissioner of Police, Apia, 1914 - 1915 (Medaille d'Honneur). Captain Imperial Forces 1/171 L.Cpl. South, A. E. Sergeant, 9th Rfts. 1/15 L.Cpl. Stickland, J. 1/809 Corporal Williamson, J. H. 1/460
Killed in Action, France.
Private King, C. V. Corporal, 9th Rfts. 1/270 Private Adams, K. E. Sergeant, 32nd Rfts. 1/815 Private Adlam, R. C. 2nd Lieutenant, 18th Rfts. 1/448 Private Alexander, C. Lance Corporal, 7th Rfts. 1/361 Private Alexander, H. A. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/360 Private Allen, A. W. Corporal, 6th Rfts. 1/357 Private Angell, H. W. W.O., N.Z.R.B. 1/513 Private Aston, G. L. Q.M.S., 8th Rfts. 1/817
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Atkinson, G. I. 4th Rfts. 1/362 Private Atkinson, J. H. Sergeant, N.Z.R.B. 1/138 Private Avison, N. S. Lance Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/70 Private Bailey, W. E. 8th Rfts. 1/139 Private Baker, S. C. Corporal, N.Z.R.B. 1/534 Private Baldwin, J. 1/359 Private Banks, J. L. 18th Rfts. 1/444 Private Barlow, J. B. 8th Rfts. 1/217 Private Barnard, J. L. Sergeant, N.Z.R.B. 1/342 Private Bates, G. 2nd Lieutenant, N.Z.R.B. (D.C.M.) 1/516 Private Beaven, W. N. 1/115 Private Bennett, J. W. Corporal, N.Z.R.B. 1/308 Private Bernard, V. R. 2nd Lt., 11th and 38th Rfts. 1/220 Private Berry N. 1/307 Private Biddle, H. W. Sergeant, 9th Rfts. 1/55 Private Blackburn, J. Tunnelling Company 1/358 Private Borrows, W. L. Sergeant, 21st Rfts. 1/260 Private Boyce, T. 2nd Lt., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/474 Private Bramley, W. H. 1/495
Died of Wounds on board ship ex Anzac.
Private Bridge, L. 4th Rfts. 1/818 Private Broad, N. Sgt., 2nd N.Z. Stat. Hosp. 1/356 Private Burnley, H. B. 5th Rfts. 1/507 Private Campbell, E. M. Imperial Forces 1/34 Private Cairns, G. 1/94
Died of Sickness, Palestine.
Private Cardozo, S. 9th Rfts. 1/519 Private Casey, W. P. 5th Rfts. 1/293 Private Chipman, F. K. Corporal, 7th Rfts. 1/27 Private Clapham, A. C. 1/268 Private Clere, F. T. 2nd Lieutenant, 32nd Rfts. 1/421 Private Cole, P. E. Hon. Lieutenant, N.Z.R.B. 1/30 Private Coleman, J. M. Corporal, 12th Rfts. 1/295
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Private Collins, R. 5th Rfts. 1/456 Private Coningham, A. Trooper, 4th Rfts.; Capt., R.F.C. (D.S.O., M.C.) 1/19 Private Cox, A. J. 5th Rfts. 1/32 Private Daly, A. E. 1/215 Private Danks, F. H. W.O., 40th Rfts. 1/375
Killed in Action, France.
Private Dennehy, B. J. 5th Rfts. 1/241 * Private Devine, P. J. 6th Rfts. 1/347 Private Dixon, C. H. 24th Rfts. 1/45 Private Don, J. N.Z.R.B. 1/296 Private Donaldson, A. 2nd Rfts. 1/376 Private Dunford, D. J. Sgt. 14th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/291
Died of Wounds, Ansac.
Private Ellis, S. R. 4th Rfts. 1/489 Private Ellison, T. Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/373 Private Evans, F. C. 5th; Rfts. 1/71 Private Fea, A. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/346 * Private Fooks, E. J. D. 6th Rfts. 1/91 Private Fordham, C. V. Imperial Forces 1/78
Died of Sickness, Mudros.
Private Fowler, J. 4th Rfts. 1/414 Private Fraser, K. 1/512 Private Fulton, A. C. Lieutenant, 9th Rfts. 1/234
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Galbraith, W. M. 13th Rfts. 1/371 Private George, A. 1/279
Killed in Action, France.
Private Goodsell, A. W. Lance Corporal, 17th Rfts. 1/273 Private Gow, I. B. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/5 Private Gray, W. A. Sgt., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/334 Private Gray, T. E. 1/487 Private Groves, W. C. D. Sergeant, 11th Rfts. 1/021
Killed in Flying Accident, N.Z..1922.
Private Grout, H. C. Sergeant, 9th Rfts., and R.A.F. 1/287 Private Gunderson, H. 32nd Rfts. 1/283 Private Hamer, T. S. 1/274 Private Hannah, R. W. Major, Imperial Forces 1/105 Private Higgie, D. A. 4th Rfts. 1/447 Private Hutchinson, G. W.O., 5th Rfts. and R.F.C. 1/206 Private Hopkirk, W. A. Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/527 Private Hansard, G. K. R.N.V.R. 1/384 Private Howard, F. 2nd Lieut., 18th Rfts. 1/381 Private Hendry, J. C. Sergeant, 7th Rfts. 1/272 Private Huston, H. E. Justice Dept, Apia, Sergt, 20th Rfts. 1/385 Private Hook, F. L. 1/364 Private Hopper, H. M. 2nd Lt., 6th Rfts. (M.M. and Bar) 1/480 Private Hendle, W. G. 4th Rfts. 1/264 Private Hamilton, D. S. 10th Rfts. 1/515
Died of Wounds, Ansac.
Private Hart, H. 21st Rfts. 1/382 Private Hart, E. 14th Rfts. 1/383 Private Hamlin, L. C. Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/386 Private Hook, L. W. 4th and 22nd Rfts. 1/500 Private Hebbard, T. H. 10th Rfts. 1/285 Private Harden, G. S. T. Lt., R.N.V.R. 1/294 Private Jones, S. I. Lance Corporal, 14th Rfts. 1/98 Private Jowett, H. Registrar, Native Land Court, Apia, 1914-1918. 1/205
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Jenkinson, H. E. Sergeant, 23rd Rfts. 1/36 Private Jackson, T. A. Post Office, Apia, 1914-15, and 8th Rfts. 1/022 Private James, C. A. 20th Rfts. 1/10 Private Johnston, A. 1/199 Private Kelly, E. L. C.Q.M.S., 11th Rfts. 1/473 Private Kettle, F. V. T. Captain, 4th Rfts. 1/494 Private Kirkwood, H. W. Corporal, 4th Rfts. 1/451 Private Kreeft, C. R. 1/435 Private Lawrence, H. J. 14th Rfts. 1/377 Private Lawrence, G. A. 5th Rfts. 1/380 Private London, L. 1/365 Private Leary, L. P. Lieut., Imperial Forces 1/277 Private Larsen, A. J. 2nd Lieut., 22nd Rfts. 1/378 Private Longhurst, W. T. 2nd Lieut., 25th Rfts. 1/523 Private Lucre, J. Sergeant, 8th Rfts. 1/379 Private Little, E. C W.O., 4th Rfts. 1/196 Private Levett, A. Staff Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/266
Died at Sea.
Private Legg, B. W. Sergeant, 14th Rfts. 1/197 Private Liardet, G. H. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/48 Private Lush, R. V. 1/031 Private Leese, H. C. Sergeant, 6th Rfts. 1/464 Private Laurenson, A. H. F. 1/545 Private Lavery, R. W. Staff Sergeant, 13th Rfts. 1/536 Private Malcolm, R. J. 1/024 Private Marbrook, H. L. 2nd Lieut., 13th Rfts. 1/163 Private Marchant, L. A. Lieut., Imperial Forces 1/298 Private Marsh, H. F. 7th Rfts. 1/406 Private Marshall, H. G. 5th Rfts. 1/79 Private Mason, R. L. Discharged Medically Unfit. 1/281
Killed in Action, France.
Private Matthews, G. W. Corporal, 6th Rfts. 1/267 Private Matthews, W. H. 6th Rfts. 1/541 Private Meldrum, A. F. Lieut., 13th Rfts. 1/351
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Mercer, B. E. 4th Rfts. 1/454 Private Mercer, C. C. 36th Rfts. 1/335
Died of Wounds at Sea ex Egypt.
Private Mitchell, J. H. 7th Rfts. 4/290 Private Moore, G. 1/149 Private Moore, J. H. 11th Rfts. 1/239 Private Morison, G. L. 13th Rfts. 1/22 Private Moss, L. G. 2nd Lieut., 12th Rfts. 1/023 Private Munro, H. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/503 Private McAlister, J. L. Captain, N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 1/259
Killed in Action, France.
Private McCallum, J. 18th Rfts. 1/280 Private McCaw, W. T. 2nd Lieut., 4th and 43rd Rfts. (M.M.) 1/297 Private McCormick, H. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/129 Private McCullagh, J. W. 5th and 19th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/407 Private McIntyre, H. F. Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/133 Private McMahon, W. N.Z.R.B. and N.Z.M.C. 1/408 Private McMillan, L. A. 5th Rfts. 1/69
Killed in Action at Abbottabad, with Indian Army.
Private Newman, R. McC. W.O., 9th Rfts. 1/518 Private Norling, A. 5th Rfts. 1/266 Private Nation, G. H. 5th Rfts. 1/242 Private Nathan, S. D. Sergeant, N.Z.M.C. 1/463 Private Nelson, R. 2nd Lieutenant, 8th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/64 Private Oliver, E. Corporal, 4th Rfts. 1/52
Died of Wounds at Sea ex Egypt.
Private Ofsofski, F. 1/227 Private O'Connor, W. L. Corpl., 9th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/114 Private O'Neill, J. G. 6th Rfts. 1/1 Private Overton-Smith, J. 2nd Lieutenant, 4th Rfts. 1/177
Died in Wellington.
Private Pollen, N. E. N.Z.M.C. 1/179 Private Perstori, J. R. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/452 Private Purdy, G. Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. 1/530 Private Peterson, B. N.Z.M.C. 1/032 Private Pilcher, E. S. Corporal, 25th Rfts. 1/278
Died in Wellington, 22/6/18.
Private Porter, F. G. Corporal, 11th Rfts. 1/511 Private Parker, R. 1/271 Private Prideaux, L. M. Sergeant, 4th Rfts. 1/93 Private Pointon, R. J. 3rd N.Z.R.B. 1/466 Private Porteous, J. W. O., 3rd N. Z. R. B. (M.S.M.) 1/401 Private Pulsford, G. F. Staff Sergeant, 4th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/498 Private Pye-Smith, J. H. Assistant, and later Chinese Commissioner, Apia, 1914-1915. 1/399 Private Quigley, M. S. Corporal, 4th Rfts. 1/256 Private Rose, D. L. Staff Sergeant, 5th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/540 Private Read, F. J. L/Corpl., Samoan Relief 1/442 Private Rolston, C. E. 1/811 Private Rogers, L. A. 1/521
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Robinson, A. J. Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/276 Private Robertson, P. J. E. W.O., 17th Rfts. 1/125 Private Russell, K. D. Bombardier, 15th Rfts. 1/338 Private Robinson, C. G. H Lt., 19th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/025 Private Small, G. 3rd Rfts. 1/269 Private Stewart, A. J. 1/496
Killed in Action, Ansac.
Private Salmon, C. 5th Rfts. 1/395 Private Scott, G. W. Staff/Sgt., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 1/343 Private Squire, J. S. G. 7th Rfts. 1/393 Private Seager, C. G. 1/394 Private Sims, C. 4th Rfts. 1/46
Killed in Action, France.
Private Sharpe, S. A. 23rd Rfts. 1/58 Private Symes, C. 19th Rfts. 1/468 Private Stubbs, H. 10th Rfts. 1/396 Private Stevens, W. E. 2nd Lt., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 1/141 Private Shirley, R. W. W.O., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 1/99 Private Seddon, G. H. 2nd Lt., 4th, Lt. 35th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/397
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Shelley, P. B. Sergeant, 21st Rfts. 1/432
Died at Trentham.
Private St. George, E. V. 1/033 Private Seddon, J. S. S. R.F.A. 1/034 Private Smyth, N. K. Sergeant, 37th Rfts. 1/493 Private Thompson, J. 1/392 Private Tunley, C. 1/33 Private Thompson, O. G. 1/88 Private Turner, E. C. 4th Rfts. 1/132 Private Upham, F. E. 27th Rfts. 1/390 Private Upton, L. E. Corpl., 2nd Rfts. 1/104
Died in England.
Private Vial, A. H. Lieut., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/290 Private Wilberfoss, R. Corporal, 22nd Rfts. 1/188
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Ward, R. L. 4th Rfts. 1/303
Killed in Action, France.
Private Wiseley, H. O. N.Z.R.B. 1/465 Private Wiggins, K. 8th Rfts. 1/240 Private Withington, R. G. 1/343 Private Winter, J. H. 4th Rfts. (D.C.M.) 1/24 Private Williams, B. V. 5th Rfts. 1/56 Private Woodford, C. A. C. 26th Rfts. 1/436 Private Webb, A. F. Sergt., N.Z.R.B. 1/389 Private Wills, E. C. Staff Sergeant, 4th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/522 Private Ward, S. W. 1/029 Private Yeats, D. D. M. Lance Corporal, 5th Rfts.

Machine Gun Section, 5th (Wellington) Regiment. 1/810.
Died in England as result of
Captain Wilkinson, R. W. 4th Rfts. 1/170 Lieut. Bennett, J. B. Captain, 3rd N.Z.R.B. 1/035 Sergeant Taylor, H. N. 1/813 Sergeant Gallien, R. G. Captain, 7th Rfts. 1/552 Corporal Proffitt, W. R. 2nd Lieutenant, N.Z.R.B.; Lieutenant, M.G.C. 1/443 Corporal Hudson, F. H. W.O., 25th Rfts. 1/219 L.Cpl Boddington, A. O. D 1/221 Pvte. Bothamley, H. H. D. Sgt., 6th Rfts., R.A.F. 1/216
Killed in Action. Anzac.
Pvte. Chapman, S. P. 5th Rfts. 1/326 Pvte. Diggle, W. W. Corporal, 8th Rfts. 1/209 Pvte. Gosling, J. T. Lance Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/192 Pvte. McLean, J. A. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/549 Pvte. McLean, P. Corporal, 35th Rfts. 1/228 Pvte. McLew, W. H. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. 1/550 Pvte. McConnochie, S. Corporal, 31st Rfts. 1/548 Pvte. McCutcheon, H. 5th Rfts. 1/176 Pvte. Pinckney, F. C. 5th Rfts. 1/103 Pvte. Robertson, J. W. 1/551 Pvte. Rowney, W. J. W.O., 7th Rfts. 1/40 Pvte. Robertson, W. J. Lieutenant, 17th Rfts. 1/181 Pvte. Staples, A. J. E. 1/412
Killed in Action, France.
Pvte. Stratford, J. W. Corporal, 5th Rfts. 1/036 Pvte. Taylor, W. C.Q.M.S., 31st Rfts. 1/11 Pvte. Young, A. V. 2nd Lieut., 17th Rfts.

Attached to 3rd (Auckland) Regiment. 1/543 Capt. Simeon, G. E. Major, N.Z.R.B. 1/723 Sergeant Trevelyan, G. A. Sergt., 25th Rfts. 1/39 Sergeant Munro, J. H. T. W.O.I., 40th Rfts. 1/154 Sergeant Beagles, A. A. 29th Rfts. 1/57
Died of Wounds at Sea ex Anzac.
Private Bourne, H. 4th Rfts. 1/257 Private Brett, G. L. 1/116 Private Callingham, T. H. 1/44 Private Clarke, H. J. W. 1/97 Private Girdlestone, C. S. 1/130 Private Halliwell, R. S. Temp. Captain, 19th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/238 Private Hawker, A. E. Corporal, 5th Rfts., and Samoan Relief 1/90 Private Hornsby, W. McM. Sergeant, 26th Rfts. 1/108 Private Johnstone, R. 1/50 Private Macauley, T. W. Sergeant, 9th Rfts. 1/53 Private Messenger, A. B. Corporal, 9th Rfts. 1/248 Private Mitchell, S. H. 4th Rfts. 1/145 Private Morrison, P. 1/340 Private McLeay, R. 5th Rfts. 1/20
Died of Sickness, United Kingdom.
Private Newstead, S. H. Acting Sergt., 11th Rfts. 1/446 Private Raymond, F. W. K 16th Rfts. 1/339 Private Rivers, E. E. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/3 Private Rogers, W. H. 1/391 Private Thomson, B. H. N 7th Rfts. 1/482 Private Tomline, G. H. Lieut., 9th Rfts. (M.C.) 1/484 Private Blackie, A. S. W.O., 4th Rfts.; 2nd Lt., 42nd Rfts.

3rd (Auckland) Regiment. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 0/6
Died of Wounds, France.
Lieut.-Col. Fulton, H. T. T/Brig.-General, N.Z.R.B. (C. M. G., Croix de Guerre) 0/7 Captain Keenan, P. St. J. (Adjutant) Major, 5th Rfts. 1/683 Major Kay, W. 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. (O.B.E.) 1/727 Captain Neely, J. B. 12th Rfts. 1/680 Lieut. Powley, A. J. Captain, N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 0/19 2nd Lieut. Walker. A. I. Major, N.Z.R..B 1/620 2nd Lieut. Tole, D. J. A Lieut., 7th Rfts. 1/574
Killed in Action, France.
2nd Lieut. Bowring, W. A. Capt., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 0/15 2nd Lieut. Bond, V. R. Capt., 6th and 24th Rfts. 41288 B.S.M. Bale, R. F. Captain, 38th Rfts. 2/2 W.O. Simmons, W. H. T/Capt, 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. (M.S.M.) 1/706 W.O. Meechan, R. Training Camps 1/798 C.Q.M.S. Haddow, R. W. T/Capt., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. (D.C.M.) 1/676 L/Corpl. Isbister, A. C. W.O., 3rd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/807 L/Corpl. Wiseman, R. 5th Rfts. 1/7ll Corporal Mitchell, W. L. 2nd Lt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/787
Died of Wounds, France.
L/Corp1. Thomson, J. D. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/567
Killed in Action, France.
L/Corp1. Bennett, R. M. Sergeant, 9th Rfts. 1/802 L/Corp1. Wilkie, G. Lieut., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/729 Corporal Nicholas, G. 1/636 Bugler Garland, J. G. N.Z.M.C. 1/695 Bugler Longdill, G. F. 5th Rfts. 1/692 Bugler Leonard, H. W. Sergeant, 11th Rfts. 1/582 Private Bryan, A. D. Imperial Forces 1/561 Private Alderton, T. J. H. Lieut., 14th Rfts. 1/559 Private Adams, A. 1/560 Private Aitkin, A. R. 5th Rfts. 1/558 Private Abbot, R. T. 5th Rfts. 3/53 Private Abbot, K. F. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 1/572 Private Blakey, H. P. 1/571 Private Blakemore, J. 2nd Rfts. 1/569 Private Bestie, E. 5th Rfts. 1/570
Died In N.Z. after Discharge.
Private Billett, L. J. 22nd Rfts. 1/578 Private Brooking, F. A. 5th Rfts. 1/581
Killed in Action, Palestine.
Private Browne, J. 6th Rfts. 1/580 Private Brown, E. L. S. 4th and 8th Rfts. 1/579 Private Brown, E. B. 2nd Lieutenant, 8th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/565 Private Beaver, J. O. 1/575 Private Boyd, K. Sergeant, 6th Rfts. 1/563 Private Barnett, F. J. T/Sergeant, 8th Rfts. 1/566 Private Bell, F. H. 1/577 Private Brailey, W. J. 1/576 Private Boyne, H. W. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 1/756 Private Budd, A. E. 9th Rfts. 1/573 Private Boler, R. N. S. T/Corporal, 4th Rfts. 1/585
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Carpenter, G. S. 4th Rfts. 1/738 Private Carson, H. O. 5th Rfts. 1/621 W.O. Eastbury, W. 0/54 W.O. Carter, A. 1/661 W.O. Hendy, A. W. 14th Rfts. 1/651 Sergeant Harris, C. V. N. W.O., 6th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/631 Sergeant Flinn, A. 2nd Lieut., N.Z.R.B. and Lieut., 35th Rfts. 1/746 Sergeant Prescott, J. L. Lieut., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/773 Sergeant Stenberg, H. W. 2nd. Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/564 Sergeant Bay, C. B. W.O., 8th Rfts. 1/613 Sergeant De Renzy, T. G. 4/206
Killed in Action, France.
Sergeant Scoullar, W. A. 2nd Lieut., N.Z.R.B. 4/174 Corporal Grigg, M. H. Sergt., 6th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/649 Corporal Hardwicke, C. H. Sergeant, 8th Rfts. 1/622 Corporal Hewitt, E. J. L. Lieut., 7th Rfts. 1/666
Died of Wounds, France.
Sergeant Hogan, G. R. 9th Rfts. 1/788 Corporal Thorpe. D. J. Y. Sergeant. 9th Rfts. 1/730 Corporal Nicholas, J. 4th Rfts. 1/736 Corporal Ohlsen, A.W. M. 2nd Lieut., N.Z.R.B. 1/628 Corporal Finlay, T. R. Sergeant, 32nd Rfts. 1/689
Died of Wounds whilst serving with Imperial Forces.
Corporal Leary, E. R. Imperial Forces 1/732 Corporal Lowndes, N. F. Sergeant, 27th Rfts. 1/784 Corporal Taylor, S. 1/682 Corporal Jones, T. M. 8th Rfts. 1/794 L/Corpl Tucker, F. G. 5th Rfts.; Sergt., 33rd Rfts. 1/776 L/Corpl Stewart, M. R. 2nd Lt., 5th; Lt., 38th Rfts. 1/719 L/Corpl McIntyre, R. Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/640 L/Corpl Glanfield, D. Capt., 13th Rfts. 1/709 L/Corpl Metcalfe, C. S. 1/763 L/Corpl Selbie, D. W. S.Sgt. 12th Rfts. (M.S.M.) 1/693
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Corporal Lloyd, G. J. 5th Rfts. 1/606 Corporal Cresser, D. C. Sergeant, 5th Rfts. 1/597 L/Corpl Cook, G. W. 1/598 Private Cooney, J. T. A.I.F. 1/568
Accidentally Killed at Bombing School, France.
Private Campbell, D. B. Corporal, 7th Rfts. 1/583 Private Campbell, C. J. Sergeant, N.Z.M.C. 1/589 Private Clarke, R. S. Imperial Forces 1/588
Died of Wounds, United Kingdom, ex France.
Clark, F. 4th Rfts. 1/586 Private Clark, C. W. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 1/592 Private Coffey, M. E. L/Corporal, 14th Rfts. 1/594 Private Colquhoun, J. E. 5th Rfts. 1/599 Private Corles, F. W. 35th Rfts. 1/603 Private Cox, A. 4th Rfts. 1/596
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Cooke, A. 5th Rfts. 1/602 Private Cowlin, H. N. 1/600 Private Cornaga, A. E. Sergt., 19th Rfts. 1/601 Private Costello, J. A. L/Sergeant, 2nd Rfts. 1/593
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Private Collins, L. E. 1/595 Private Comber, D. W. 1/584 Private Carden, R. S. 4th Rfts. 1/591 Private Cleveland, P. F. L/Corporal, 12th Rfts. 1/590 Private Cleghorn, L. 1/607
Killed in Action, France.
Cronin, T. Sergeant, 26th Rfts. 1/608 Private Crookbain, S. G. 7th Rfts. 1/605 Private Creagh, A. G. 10th Rfts. 1/604 Private Crawford, C. 1/610 Private Davies, J. A. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 1/611 Private Daws, G. G. L/Cpl., 42nd Rfts. 1/609 Private Davidson, H. 1/614 Private Devlin, F. O. 8th Rfts. 1/612 Private De Bourbel, E. R. A.I.F. 1/616 Private Doherty, N. P. 1/617 Private Donovan, J. D. 1/615 Private Dibble, S. T. Sergt., 4th Rfts., (D.C.M., M.M.) 1/619 Private Dromgool, C. 4th Rfts. 1/622 Private Emirali, A. R. 1/623 Private Errington, L. 1/624 Private Fairweather, S. Sergt., 16th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/626 Private Faulkner, J. L. 5th Rfts., 2nd Lieut., 32nd Rfts. 1/625 Private Farley, G. W. W.O., 35th Rfts. 1/627 Private Fenton, B. C. Corpl., 16th Rfts. 1/629 Private Fisher, R. J. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 1/632 Private Fordyce, T. C. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 1/634 Private Fraser, N. S. 14th Rfts. 1/633 Private Fraser, A. S. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/635
Killed in Action, France.
Private Fulcher, H. E. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 1/630 Private Fletcher, C. L. 5th Rfts. 1/637 Private Gawn, C. W. 6th Rfts. 1/639 Private Girvin, E. Corpl., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/638 Private Giffney, J. A. C. 8th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/641 Private Glass, W. J. C.Q.M.S., 13th Rfts. 1/643 Private Graham, J. R. 6th Rfts. 1/644 Private Griffiths, G. 22nd Rfts. 1/650 Private Harris, A. W. Corpl., 31st Rfts. 1/646 Private Hanna, B. J. N.Z.A.S.C. 1/648 Private Hardley, G. E. 5th Rfts. 1/652 Private Hartley, T. Tunnelling Company 1/653 Private Harvey, A. 4th Rfts. 1/654 Private Haslett, J. S. 7th Rfts. 1/655 Private Hay, G. C. 15th Rfts. and Royal Navy 1/645 Private Hammond, F. G. 5th Rfts. 1/647 Private Hardinge, M.W. H. 1/656 Private Hedges, G. 1/657 Private Heldt, E. R. Corpl., N.Z.R.B. 1/663 Private Higgins, A. T./Sergt., 20th Rfts. 1/664
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Hill, W. J. R. Sergt., 5th Rfts.; 2nd Lt., 33rd Rfts. (M.C.) 1/665 Private Hinton, C. H. 5th Rfts. 1/659 Private Henderson, J. R. 8th Rfts. 1/658 Private Henderson, C. V. L./Corpl., 4th Rfts. 1/660
Died of Wounds, France.
Private Henderson, W. Corpl., 9th Rfts. 1/668 Private Howlett, H. T./Sergt., 5th Rfts. 1/667 Private Holden, J. R. L./Corpl., 4th Rfts. 1/670 Private Hunt, R. A. 7th Rfts. 1/669 Private Hughes, T. G. I Sergt, 12th Rfts. 1/671 Private Hynes, H. W. Sergt, 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/672 Private Ifwersen, K. D. 26th Rfts. 1/674 Private Ingpen, N. L. Sergt., N.Z.R.B. (M.M.) 1/673 Private Ingham, E. 1/675
Killed in Action, France.
Private Isaacs, H. C. 2nd Lieut., 4th Rfts. 1/677 Private Jack, D. L. Corpl., N.Z.R.B. 1/678 Private Jackson, F. C. 1/679 Private Jackson, J. 1/681 Private Jones, I. D. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 1/774 Private Kennerley, J. S. Sergt., 6th Rfts. 1/684
Died of Wounds whilst Prisoner of War, France.
Private Kemp, A. M. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 1/685 Private Kent, T. C. 1/749 Private King, J. C. 1/642 Private Kirkwood, R. G. 1/687
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Private Laird, H. N. M. 5th Rfts. 1/688 Private Lane, W. G. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 1/691 Private Le Cren, H. E. 2nd Lieut., 31st Rfts. 1/690 Private Lecky, J. 20th Rfts. 1/694 Private Lloyd, J. H. 1/696 Private Lorie, A. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/697 Private Lovell, G. C. R. F. Sergt., 29th Rfts. 1/703 Private Massey, G. O. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 1/704 Private Massicks, R. J. 1/702 Private Martin, R. F. 1/705 Private Matthews, F. 1/699 Private Mainland, A. Sergt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/698 Private Mahoney, N. D. 7th Rfts. 1/720 Private Mackay, J. W. 1/700 Private Marks, C. H. Lieut., 5th Rfts. 1/701 Private Marshall, L. 1/707
Killed in Action. Anzac.
Private Mein, G. F. C. 4th Rfts. 1/708 Private Melgren, A. J., 1/713
Killed in Action, France.
Private Morris, L. A. L/Corpl., 8th Rfts. 1/712 Private Moore, J. H. C.Q.M.S., 5th Rfts. 1/740 Private Morgan, R. O. 5th Rfts. 1/710 Private Mills, E. 1/714 Private Myers, G. L. Corpl., N.Z. Engineers 1/715 Private McGeehan, B. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 1/716 Private McGovern, J. C.Q.M.S., 8th Rfts.; 2nd Lieut., 37th Rfts. 1/723a Private McKinstry, G. L. 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/717 Private McInness, L. V. 5th Rfts. 1/718
Died after Discharge.
Private McIntyre, J. J. A.I.F. 1/721 Private McKenzie, N. A. Sergt., 6th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/722 Private McKinlay. W. B. 21st Rfts. 1/724 Private McLean, J. A. 1/725 Private MacMahon, J. M. Corpl., 17th Rfts. 1/726 Private McNeish, A. W. L/Sergt., 14th Rfts., and Lieut., Indian Army 1/728 Private Nearey, E. 1/731 Private Nicholson, G. Corpl., 10th Rfts. 1/733 Private Nordon, A. C. 1/734 Private Norman, W. J. N. 1/735 Private O'Connor, G. 1st Bn.. N.Z.R.B. 1/737 Private O'Meara.. J. 1st Bn.. N.Z.R.B. 1/741 Private Owen, W. Discharged Medically Unfu 1/739 Private Owen, E. C. L. Sergt. 9th Rfts. 1/743 Private Pain, R. J. Corpl., 17th Rfts. 1/742 Private Pain, C. R. 2nd Lieutenant. 1st Bn.. N.Z.R.B. 1/745 Private Penno, W. H. 5th Rfts. 1/337 Private Piggales A. A. 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/744 Private Peek. T. E. L/Corpl.. 8th Rfts. 1/747 Private Raynes, H. G. Ioth Rfts. 1/748 Private Rider, W. C. A. 1/751
Killed in Action, France.
Private Robertson, W. R. Corpl., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/750
Died of Wounds at Sea, ex Ansac.
Private Robertson, A. 4th Rfts. 1/752 Private Robinson, F. Mcl. Corpl" Private 14th Rfts. (M.M.) 1/753
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Ross, J. 4th Rfts. 1/754 Private Ross, L. D. 4th Rfts. 1/755 Private Rowe, H. J. 5th Rfts. 1/760 Private Ryan, L. P. 4th and 10th Rfts. 1/759
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Private Ryan, E. T. 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/757 Private Rutherford, P. A. 1/758 Private Rutledge, D. W. 5th Rfts. 1/761 Private Scott, I.. G. 1/762 Private Seott, S. H. G. Sergt., 23rd Rfts. 1/764 Private Scott, W. R. H. Sergt., 23rd Rfts. 1/766 Private Simpson, J. F. 2nd Rfts. 1/765 Private Simpson, F. V. 1/767 Private Sinel, E. J. Corpl. 4th, and Sergt. 21st Rfts. 1/771
Killed in Action with A.I.F.
Private Spinley, F. T. A.I.F. 1/770 Private Spencer, K. R. 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 1/768 Private Slattery, G. M. 8th Rfts. 1/769 Private Small, A. W. 4th Rfts. 1/772 Private Steel, D. M. 8th Rfts. 1/778 Private Stilwell, A. E. 6th Rfts. 1/779 Private Stock, L. N. 5th Rfts. 1/777 Private Stewart, W. A.I.F. 1/775 Private Stewart, H. L. 5 th Rfts. 1/780 Private Strong, P. A. 30th Rfts. 1/781 Private Sutcliffe, A. 1/782 Private Swinburne, S. E. 6th Rfts. 1/783 Private Tate, A. Corpl" Private 8th Rfts. 1/785 Private Taylor, W. B. 4th Rfts. 1/789 Private Titchener, W. 1/790 Private Tickner, W. T. 37th Rfts. 1/792 Private Trembath, R. C. 5th Rfts. 1/786 Private Thomson, G. Discharged Medically Unfit 1/791 Private Trevarthen, H. W. L/Corpl., 4th Rfts. 1/793 Private Trusler, G. H. S. Sergt., 2nd Rfts. 1/793
Killed in Action with R.A.F.
Private Veale, A. A. L/Sergt., 5th Rfts., and R.A.F. 1/796 Private Venables, T. Sorgt, 23rd Rfts. 1/797 Private Vibert, R. A. 13th Rfts. 1/799 Private Weller, P. C. 1/803 Private Williams, C. Y.V. 1/804 Private Williams, J. A. 5th Rfts. 1/806 Private Winegar, F. 1/805
Died of Sickness, France.
Private Wilson, A. J. 5th Rfts. 1/800 Private Whitburn, D. W.O., 2nd Rfts. 1/801 Private Whitford, A. 1/808 Private Wynyard, W. K. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts.

"D" Battery. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 2/99 Capt. McQuarrie, R. S. Lieut. Colonel, 5th Rfts., D.S.O., M.C. 2/100 Lieut. Forsythe, G. H. Captain, 5th Rfts., M.B.E. 2/101 Lieut. Reed, F. W. T/Major, 6th Rfts. 2/102 Lieut. Mitchell, C. H. T/Capt., 6th Rfts. 2/1
Killed in Action, France.
W.O. Jessen, J. W.O., 14th Rfts. 2/7 C.Q.M.S. Schoch, W. G. Sergt., 14th Rfts. 2/3 Sergt. Asher, C. W.O., 5th Rfts. (M.S.M.). 2/4 Sergt. Chapman, F. L. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 2/5 Sergt. Gallie, V. J. R.F.A. (M.C., Croix de Guerre) 2/6 Sergt. Gendall, J. W. 2nd Lieut., 9th Rfts. 2/96 Sergt. Howe, G. 2nd Lieut., 15th Rfts. 2/9 Corpl. Kirker, W. A. Sergt., 9th Rfts. 2/97 Corpl. Wilton, N. A. Corpl., 43rd Rfts. 2/10 Corpl. Carmichael, L. S. T/Capt., 5th Rfts. (M.C.) 2/8 Corpl. De Lautour, G. A. 2/98
Accidentally Killed, France.
Corpl. Galvin, F. K. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 2/14 Corpl. Aekins, P. Sergt., 17th Rfts. 2/65 Corpl. Neal, W. C. 2/16 Bomdr. Charlton, A. R. C.Q.M.S., 10th Rfts. 2/13
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Bomdr. Donald, A. 5th Rfts. 2/11 Bomdr. Wilson, P. F. 6th Rfts. 2/12 Bomdr. Wixon, A. E. Sergt., 5th Rfts. (Croix de Guerre) 2/15
Died of Wounds, France.
Bomdr. Smith, L. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. (M.C.) 2/68 Bomdr. Pierard, H. W.O., 5th Rfts. 2/70
Killed in Action, France.
Bomdr. Saxon, J. B. H., Q.M.S., 5th Rfts. von T. 2/36 Gunner Drake, B. C. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 2/17 Gunner Alexander, W. J. 2/18 Gunner Allan, L. F. 2nd Lt., 13th Rfts. (M.M.) 2/19 Gunner Anderson, A. H. 5th Rfts. 2/20 Gunner Anderson, A. E. 21st Rfts. 2/21 Gunner Barrell, F. H. Sergt., 34th Rfts. 2/22 Gunner Bock, H. W. Sergt., 6th Rfts. 2/24 Gunner Bridgman, E. J. Sergt., 10th Rfts. 2/25 Gunner Burns, H. A. K. I/Sergt., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 2/94 Gunner Bark, A. Corpl., 25th Rfts. 2/26 Gunner Cameron, F. E. Corpl., 12th Rfts. 2/27 Gunner Carley, J. V. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 2/28 Bomdr. Chapman, W. L. Corporal in Camp 2/29 Gunner Cotter, S. T. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 2/30 Gunner Cunliffe, R. L. 14th Rfts. 2/31 Gunner Dalton, L. J. Bomdr., 14th Rfts. 2/32 Bomdr. Dinnie, D. R. Lieut., 9th Rfts. 2/33 Gunner Dodson, R. H. Lieut., 10th Rfts. 2/34 Gunner Dodgson, S. H. T/Sergt., 7th Rfts. 2/35 Gunner D'Oyly, J. R. T/Corpl., 17th Rfts. 2/37 Gunner Duckmanton, W. T. 5th Rfts. 2/39 Gunner Forbes, W. J. Corpl., 19th Kits. 2/38 Gunner Foley, J. J. 22nd Rfts. 2/40 Gunner Fuller, M. J. Sergt., 5th Rfts. and Imperial Forces 2/91 Gunner Freyberg, C. Imperial Forces 2/41 Gunner Gibbs, G. J. Bomdr., 14th Rfts. 2/42 Gunner Griffin, F. C. E. 34th Rfts. 2/90
Killed in Action with Imperial Forces.
Gunner Gallie, O. E. Imperial Forces (D.S.O., M.C.) 2/43 Gunner Hatch, H. E. 40th Rfts. 2/44 Gunner Hickson, N. S. 2nd Lieut., 7th Rfts. 2/49
Killed in Action, France.
Gunner Hendle, L. T/Q.M.S., 5th Rfts. 2/45 Gunner Jardine, J. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 2/46 Gunner Jeffs, O. K. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 2/50 Gunner Jones, S. 2/47 Gunner Kehoe, M. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 2/48 Gunner Kendall, H. J. L. Lieut., R.F.A. 2/51 Gunner Kirby, A. H. 5th Rfts. 2/52 Gunner Langbein, C. Bombdr., 5th Rfts. 2/53 Gunner Leadbetter, A. F. Sergt., N.Z.A.S.C. 2/54 Gunner Levy, I. J. Sergt., 24th Rfts. 2/87 Gunner Louisson, W. A. 20th Rfts. 2/84 Gunner Lodder, A. E. V. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 2/55 Gunner Mace, W. G. Sergt., 24th Rfts. 2/56 Gunner Morton, W. Bombdr., 21st Rfts. 2/61 Gunner Milne, P. A. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 2/60 Gunner Millward, L. W. G. Corpl., 7th Rfts. (M.M.) 2/62 Gunner Muir, P. C. B.Q.M.S., 5th Rfts. 2/63 Gunner Murphy, B. E. Sergt., 9th Rfts. 2/64 Myers, E. R. 2/57 Gunner McGill, D. C. T/B.Q.M.S., 15th Rfts. 2/58 Gunner McGrath, G. 5 th Rfts. 2/59 Gunner McMillan, D. G. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. (M.C.) 2/95 Gunner McGirr, H. M. 2/93 Gunner Orman, J. C. T/Sergt., 22nd Rfts. 2/66 Gunner Passmore, F. J. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 2/67 Gunner Pearce, E. Sergt., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 2/69 Gunner Read, R. M. Sergt., 29th Rfts. 2/71 Gunner Saxton, A. M. 2/86
Killed in Action, France.
Gunner Smith, W. J. T/Corpl., 8th Rfts. 2/72 Gunner Sievers, W. N. Lieut., 7th Rfts. (M.C.) 2/92 Gunner Silver, G. M. B.Q.M.S., 5th Rfts. 2/73 Gunner Stirrat, D. G. 25th Rfts. 2/74 Gunner Thompson, E. D. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 2/75 Gunner Turnbull, W. 2/89
Died in N.Z. after Dischanrge.
Gunner Tulloch, G. A. 2/85 Trumpeter Turner, F. A. Samoan Civil Service 2/88 Gunner Vial, R. F. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts.; T/Capt., 29th Rfts. 2/77 Gunner Wakelin, B. R. 5th Rfts. 2/78 Gunner Walker, T. C.S.M., 5th Rfts. 2/79
Killed in Action, Ansac.
Gunner Watson, R. C. Bombdr., 5th Rfts. 2/80 Gunner Whitford, P. R. C.S.M., 6th Rfts. 2/81 Gunner Wilberfoss, Sergt., 5th Rfts. T. W. C. 2/83 Gunner Wise, V. J. Bomdr., 7th Rfts.

New Zealand Field Engineers (No. 4 Company) No. Name. Subsequent Service. 4/01 Captain Gibbs, D. J. Major, 5th Rfts. (D.S.O.) 4/310 Lieut. Macnab, A. A. Major, 6th Rfts. (D.S.O.) 4/45 W.O. Allen, J. Hon. Lieut, and Harbourmaster, Apia, 1914/1919. (Medaille Militaire) 4/1 C.Q.M.S. Lewis, A. P. W.O., N.Z.E. (Tunnelling Company) 4/3 Sergt. Mansfield, D. R. Lieut., 5th Rfts. 4/2 Sergt. Morgan, D. LeC. 4/19 Sergt. West, B. Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. 4/12 Sergt. Wright, W. G. K. Sergt., 19th Rfts. 4/30
Killed in Action, France.
Corpl. Hickson, A. G. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 4/35 Corpl. Macfarlane, J. A. J. 4/37 Corpl. Wilford, G. McL. Capt., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 4/31 Sapper Aamodt, C. H. 10th Rfts. 4/16 Sapper Adams, H. W. Bomdr., 5th Rfts. 4/28 Sapper Andrews, E. S. Lieut., 9th Rfts. 4/27 Sapper Baldwin, P. 20th Rfts. 4/10 Sapper Body, J. W. W.O., 11th Rfts. F.2-4 Sapper Bradley, C. E. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 4/43 Sapper Burt, H. G. Sergt., 11th Rfts. 4/14 Sapper Carr, C. R. Corporal, 4th Rfts. 4/7
Died of Sickness, Egypt.
Sapper de Rose, F. J. 4th Rfts. 4/6
Attested in England.
Sapper Dickie, J. F. Corporal, Engineers 4/23 Sapper Elliott, T. B. 31st Rfts. 4/9 Sapper Forbes, J. 4/300 Sapper Gibbs, E. H. 4/304 Sapper Haywood, E. G. Royal Engineers 4/11 Sapper Highman, F. B. 5th Rfts. 4/41 Sapper Howard, A. A. Sergt., 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/4 Sapper Jameson, J. K. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 4/13 Sapper Jamieson, R. C. 4/38 Sapper Johnson, R. C. Corpl., 4th Rfts. 4/40
Died since Discharge in New Zealand.
Sapper Jones, C. W. Bomdr., 4th Rfts. 4/308 Sapper Lamb, A. S. 5th Rfts. 4/22 Sapper Lange, L. W. 7th Rfts. 4/15 Larkin, E. A. Corpl., 7th Rfts. 4/201 Sapper Lauritzen, J. 4/242 Sapper Leonard, E. G. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/8 Sapper Little, G. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/306 Sapper Maynard, F. F. Sergt., 14th Rfts. 4/44 Sapper Morgan, F. H. 4th Rfts. 4/17 Sapper Morton, C. S. 17th Rfts. 4/47 Sapper Muir, E. D. 4th Rfts. 4/26 Sapper McCaskey, L. R. 4/33 Sapper Noon, J. J. 4/32 Sapper Petrie, E. R. V. 2nd Lieut., 4th Rfts. 2/28 Sapper Philips, W. R. 2nd Rfts. and A.I.F. 4/883 Sapper Pope, L. G. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 4/39 Sapper Raven, H. C. Corpl., 17th Rfts. 4/36 Sapper Rice, W. V. 3rd N.Z.R.B. 4/42
Died since Discharge in N.Z.
Sapper Richards, A. C. 4th Rfts. 4/20 Sapper Robinson, H. 4/29 Sapper Rose, R. H. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 4/309 Sapper Scott, A. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/307 Sapper Scott, H. R. Bomdr., 7th Rfts. 4/107
Killed in Action, France.
Sapper Shea, J. H. 18th Rfts. 4/205 Sapper Smith, L. A. 4/46 Sapper Smith, L. J. E. 4/310
Attested in England.
Sapper Stanyer, C. N.Z.F.A. 4/5 Sapper Stewart, E. G. D. 2nd Lt., 7th Rfts. (M.C.) 4/202 Sapper Taylor, A. M. G. 4/21 Sapper Whitelaw, L. C. Sergt., 16th Rfts.

Auckland Divisional Signalling Section. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 4/311 Lieut. Cotton, H. C. Capt., A.D.C. and Military Secretary, Samoa, 1914- 1919. 4/312 W.O. Lacey, H. W. 4/332 Sergt. Woodward, W. H. Crown Prosecutor, Apia, 1915/16; W.O., 34th Rfts. 4/313 Sergt. Pountney, E. R. 2nd Lieut., 5th; Capt., 38th Rfts. 4/314 Corpl. McFarland, R. D. Captain, 8th Rfts. (M.C.) 4/315 Corpl. Steele, M. Lieut., 7th Rfts. 4/319 Corpl. Duthie, A. K. Sergt, 37th Rfts. 4/317
Killed in Action, France.
L/Cpl. Boucher, E. W. Survey Staff, Apia; 9th Rfts. 4/316
Died of Wounds, France.
L/Cpl. Proude, R. J. Police Dept., Apia; Sergt., 13th Rfts. 4/318 L/Cpl. Baker, R. C. 5th Rfts. 4/331 Sapper Batger, G. H. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 4/333 Sapper Beattie, J. N. Sergeant, 1st N. Z. R. B. (M.S.M.) 4/320
Killed in Flying Accident.
Sapper Brett, L. H. Lieut., R.A.F. 4/322 Sapper Carr, J. A. Capt, R.N.A.S. (D.S.C.) 4/335 Sapper Clark, C. S. Sergt., 11th Rfts. 4/328 Sapper Dove, W. W. Capt., 4th N.Z.R.B. (M.C.) 4/321 Sapper Erson, N. G. L. 4th Rfts. 4/324 Sapper Gilmore, G. C. 4/325 Sapper Gleeson, F. C. Corpl., 4th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/329 Sapper Hutcheon, T. D. Sergt., 16th Rfts. 4/336 Sapper Pierce, G. W. W.O., 30th Rfts. 4/326 Sapper Savage, L. B. Sergt., 24th Rfts. 4/334 Sapper Stunner, E. H. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/323 Sapper Tonks, E. 2nd Lieut, 1st N.Z.R.B. 4/337 Sapper Upfill, F. L. Discharged Medically Unfit 4/327 Sapper White, T. W. Corpl., 5th Rfts. and 2nd Lieut., R.A.F.

New Zealand Railway Engineers. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 4/195 Lieut. Christophers, H. H. Captain, 2nd N.Z.R.B. 0/12 Lieut. Guinness, W. J. P. Captain, 2nd N.Z.R.B. 4/350 Lieut. Lucy, T. M. 0/13 † Lieut. Short, J. Lieut., 6th Rfts. 23/18 2nd Lieut. Brydon R. O. Captain, 2nd N.Z.R.B. 4/52 C.S.M. Avey, G. A. Captain, 2nd N. Z. R. B. (M.C.) 4/260 Q.M.S. Wilson, W. E. 5th Rfts. and Lt., R.F.A. 4/59 Sergt. Barry, C. Lieut., 9th Rfts. 4/262 Sergt. Nash, F. Commissioner of Police, Apia, 1915/16; Sergt., 27th Rfts. 4/66 Sergt. Aickin, F. W. 2nd Lieut, 5th Rfts. 4/288
Died of Wounds. France.
Sergt. Matheson, N. McL. 25th Rfts. 4/173 Sergt. Hammond, L. J. B. 4/183 Sergt. Mullany, C. L. Captain, 3rd N.Z.R.B. 4/51 Sergt. Angus, N. Captain. 1st N.Z.R.B. 4/126 Sergt. Harrison, T. A. 4/193 Corpl. Coutts, M. 4/72 Corpl. Dingle. E. J. R.Q.M.S., 7th Rfts. 4/159
Killed in Action, France.
Corpl. Forsyth, N. L. Lieut., 8th Rfts. 4/257 Corpl. Bell, J. S. 5th Rfts. 4/140 Corpl. Hopkirk, R. E. B. 2nd Lieut., 4th Rfts. 4/154 Corpl. Cockroft, A. G. 4/248 Corpl. Symonds, C. J. Sergt., 9th Rfts. 4/254
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Corpl. Sutherland, T. L/Corpl., Main Body 4/251 Corpl. Riesop, C. R. 4/82 Corpl. Caldwell, R. T. W. O., 3rd N. Z. R. B. (M.M.) 4/100 Corpl. Revell, H. J. 4/216 Corpl. Williamson, H. M. Sergt., 26th Rfts. 4/222 Corpl. Willsteed, W. B. 2nd Lieut., 4th Rfts. 4/284 L/Cpl. Power, J. McC. Captain, 8th Rfts. 4/120 L/Cpl. Johnston, C. G. 2nd Lieut., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 4/289 L/Cpl. Newman, A. V. 4/340 L/Cpl. Dalton, T. D. 4/60 L/Cpl. Campbell, L. H. 4/237 L/Cpl. Hebditch, W. W.O., 34th Rfts. 4/345 L/Cpl. Tangney, B. 2nd Lieut., N.Z.R.B. and Lieut., Rarotongan Company 4/285 L/Cpl. McKellar, A. D. 4/113 L/Cpl. Hammond, J. C. Corpl., 19th Rfts. 4/55 L/Corpl. Jones, C. N. Q.M.S. in Camp 4/146. L/Corpl. Collier, H. W.O., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 4/134 L/Corpl. Howlett, L. V. Corpl., 9th Rfts. 4/287 L/Corpl. Mitchell, V. 4/346a L/Corpl. Wilson, W. D. 2nd Lieut., 16th Rfts. 4/294
Killed in Action, Anzac.
L/Corpl. Colley, W. L. 5th Rfts. 4/226
Killed in Action, Palestine.
L/Corpl. Rowland, J. B. Corpl., 10th Rfts. 4/256 Bugler Logie, E. H. 4/240 Bugler McKain, E. T. 2nd Lt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 4/67 Sapper Ackland, C. W. 4/63 Sapper Adams, E. R. 4/283 Sapper Agnew, M. 4/64 Sapper Allan, L. S. Corpl., Main Body 4/196 Sapper Allan, A. R. L. 2nd Lieut., 8th Rfts. 4/75 Sapper Allison, G. 2nd Lieut., 4th Rfts. 4/61 Sapper Angus, A. J. C. Lieut., 16th Rfts. 4/62 Sapper Ashley, A. V. 9th Rfts. 4/65 Sapper Auld, W. R. 12th Rfts. 4/180 Sapper Auton, S. M. 4/70
Killed in Action, France.
Sapper Bagnell, L. J. 14th Rfts. 4/58 Sapper Ballantine, D. 39th Rfts. 4/105 Sapper Banks, C. 4/84 Sapper Bateman, F. H. 4/71 Sapper Barnes, H. 4/53 Sapper Beaton, T. Corpl., 19th Rfts. 4/73 Sapper Beer, A. A. G. 38th Rfts. 4/338 Sapper Bell, G. J. 11th Rfts. 4/99 Sapper Bell, J. C. 12th Rfts. 4/149 Sapper Bennett, C. F. L/Corpl., 14th Rfts. 4/79 Sapper Black, A. S. 14th Rfts. 4/190 Sapper Blackie, J. 8th Rfts. 4/83 Sapper Boswell, R. Sergt., 9th Rfts. 4/141
Died after Discharge in N.Z.
Sapper Bright, L. 4/76 Sapper Brockliss, F. J. Sergt., 5th Rfts. 4/54 Sapper Brogan, W. A. C.Q.M.S., 14th Rfts. 4/93 Sapper Broughton, D. S. Corpl., 8th Rfts. (M.M. Bar) 4/80
Killed in Action, France.
Sapper Brown, N. E. L/Corpl., 4th Rfts. 4/179 Sapper Brown, H. 4/143
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Sapper Burke, D. P. 4/94 Sapper Burnett, A. 9th Rfts. 4/77 Sapper Butler, G. S. 21st Rfts. 4/81
Died of Wounds, France.
Sapper Butler, W. M. 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 4/68 Sapper Cameron, C. W. M. Sergt., 10th Rfts. 4/181 Sapper Cameron, J. R. 12th Rfts. 4/156 Sapper Cameron, R. L. 4/166 Sapper Cardno, G. A. 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 4/78 Sapper Cecil, C. St. C. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 4/97 Ciochetto, C. V. Lieut., 4th Bn., N.Z.R.B. (M.C., M.M.) 4/74 Sapper Clark, H. G. Cpl., 10th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/144 Sapper Cooke, W. F. 4/155 Sapper Cornwall, J. H. 5th Rfts. 4/151 Sapper Couling, J. 2nd Lieutenant, 4th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/160 Sapper Cruickshank, A. D. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 4/145 Sapper Dalley, C. 4th Rfts. 4/142 Sapper Daniel, J. L/Corpl., 8th Rfts. 4/152
Killed in Action. Anzac.
Sapper Davidson, J. H. 5th Rfts. 4/297 Sapper De Lucca, F. L. 4/147a
Died of Sickness on Hospital Ship ex Anzac.
Sapper Dick, H. J. Main Body 4/182 Sapper Diver, F. 4/169 Sapper Donaldson, A. A. 4/298 Sapper Drewery, L. O. 4/69 Sapper Dunlop, W. T. L/Corpl., 8th Rfts. 4/153 Sapper Elliott, J. B. Post Office, Apia; 19th Rfts. 4/157 Sapper English, C. 4/162 Sapper Ewart, T. Corpl., 29th Rfts. 4/168 Sapper Fenton, J. N. Sergt., 6th Rfts. 4/161 Sapper Flett, J. 5th Rfts. 4/163 Sapper Firth, M. J. 23rd Rfts. 4/170 Sapper Flynn, P. J. Sergt., 10th Rfts. 4/150 Sapper Forbes, J. M. L/Corpl., 4th Rfts. 4/292 Sapper Ford, A. J. 9th Rfts. 4/176
Killed in Action. France.
Sapper Fowler, R. G. 11th Rfts. 4/165 Sapper Francis, J. A. G. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/158 Sapper Furey, D. J. Sergt., Tunnelling Company 4/177 Sapper Gallagher, A. W. 2nd Lieutenant, 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. (M.M.) 4/167 Sapper Gambling, E. W. 7th Rfts. 4/171 Sapper Gawn, T. G. Corpl., 7th Rfts. 4/136 Sapper Gilmore, R. J. 5th Rfts. 4/184 Sapper Gilmore, A. F. 2nd Lieut., 8th Rfts. 4/172 Sapper Gray, A. F. 36th Rfts. 4/293 Sapper Gooch, L. C. H. Main Body 4/232 Sapper Greenslade, J. G. 3rd Rfts. 4/133 Sapper Greenwood, E. P. W.O., Transport Staff 4/138 Sapper Guthrie, A. H. 7th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/131 Sapper Hallett, N. 2nd Lieut., 5th Rfts. 4/129 Sapper Hamilton, J. E. 43rd Rfts. 4/135 Sapper Hardie. W. A. 4/116 Sapper Hardcastle. L. 5th, and Sergt., 20th Rfts. 4/90 Sapper Harpur. W. P. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 4/108 Sapper Harper, J. L. T. L/Sergt., 7th Rfts. 4/132 Sapper Hatwell. F. A. L. 26th Rfts. 4/117 Sapper Hawkey, T. Main Body 4/98
Died of Sickness, England.
Sapper Haxton, G. W. 9th Rfts. 4/347a Sapper Hawke. H. G. 4/123 Sapper Helm. A. McK. Sergt., 8th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/111
Died of Wounds. France.
Sapper Henderson. L. A. 5th Rfts. 4/114 Sapper Henderson. H. H. Corpl., 18th Rfts. 4/200 Sapper Henderson. H. S. L. 4/115 Sapper Hewson, J. C. 4/137 Sapper Hiddlestone, J. L/Corpl., 14th Rfts. 4/101 Sapper Higginson, N. L. 2nd Lieutenant, 5th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/109
Killed in Action, France.
Sapper Hooper, G. S. L/Corpl., 11th Rfts. 4/112 Sapper Hutchins, A. R. 2nd Rfts. 4/139 Sapper Hunter, W. L. 4/175 Sapper Hansen, H. R. 11th Rfts. 4/282 Sapper Jackson, A. W. 16th Rfts. 4/269 Sapper Jobberns, J. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/118 Sapper Johnson, W. 4/110 Sapper Johnson, N. W. 7th Rfts. 4/128 Sapper Jones, D. R. R. L/Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/124 Sapper Keane, J. Corpl., 13th Rfts. 4/122 Sapper Keeble, G. W. 4/259 Sapper Kidman, E. 6th Rfts. 4/127 Sapper Kilpatrick, D. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/130 Sapper King, G. H. F. 4/125 Sapper King, F. E. 4/121 Sapper Knight, S. 2nd Lieut., 6th Rfts. 4/245 Sapper Lloyd, E. L. 4/205 Sapper Maloney, W. J. 4/258 Sapper Manning, P. S. 21st Rfts. 4/241 Sapper Martin, A. V. Sergt., 18th Rfts. 4/86 Sapper Martin, W. J. 4/243 Sapper Marriott, P. S. 9th Rfts. 4/191 Sapper Maxwell, A. C. Main Body 4/231 Sapper May, F. W.O., 11th Rfts. 4/343 Sapper Meekin, J. S/Sergt., 21st Rfts. 4/186
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Sapper Miles, I. 4th Rfts. 4/204 Sapper Mills, F. 4/265 Sapper Moody, L. 4/264 Sapper Mooney, E. M. A. 2nd Lieut., 11th Rfts. 4/290 Sapper Moore, G. 4/236 Sapper McArtney, A. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 4/255 Sapper McCauley, J. Sergt., 15th Rfts. 4/247 Sapper McDonald, C. 4/249 Sapper McEwan, D. 13th Rfts. 4/211
Killed in Action. France.
Sapper McGahan, C. W. Sergt., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 4/106 Sapper McGrail, C. H. 4/178 Sapper McKone. M. 4/295 Sapper McKubre, J. M. 8th Rfts. R/248 Sapper McLean, G. H. 4/252
Died of Wounds, France.
Sapper McKellar, D. I. 8th Rfts. 4/250 Sapper McMinn, W. E. Lieutenant, 2nd N.Z.R.B. (M.C. and Bar) 4/253 Sapper McNulty, J. E. Corpl., 8th Rfts. 4/265 Sapper O'Brien, E. A. Corpl., 18th Rfts. 4/266 Sapper O'Brien, A. M. 17th Rfts. 4/244 Sapper Olsen, W. J. 41st Rfts. 4/217 Sapper Osborne, L. K. 24th Rfts. 4/209 Sapper Parker, W. E. 9th Rfts. 4/210 Sapper Patton, H. L. 2nd Lieutenant, 7th Rfts. (M.M.) 4/238 Sapper Parkin, G. I. H. 2nd N.Z.R.B. 4/221 Sapper Perry, S. Sergt., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 4/103
Died in England after Discharge
Sapper Petersen, P. A. L/Corpl., 9th Rfts. 4/286 Sapper Phillips, H. 4/207 Sapper Peryer, S. M. 4/189 Sapper Pritchard, A. T. 4/267 Sapper Pye, W. W. Corpl., 23rd Rfts. 4/348 Sapper Quinn, E. J. F. Sergt., 9th Rfts. 4/233 Sapper Quinlan, C. P. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 4/89 Sapper Robinson. G. J. 5th Rfts. 4/57 Sapper Rogerson, F. Imperial Forces 4/230 Sapper Salt, C. H. Lieut., 5th Rfts. 4/819 Sapper Samson, W. Sergt., 10th Rfts. 4/197 Sapper Scott, A. N. 4/341 Sapper Scanlan, T. 38th Rfts. 4/220 Sapper Scott, J. A. 17th Rfts. 4/187 Sapper Seabourn, A. A. 2nd N.Z.R.B. 4/296 Sapper Seccombe, A. P. 4/229
Killed in Action, France.
Sapper Shaw, G. E. 6th Rfts. 4/107
Died of Wounds, France.
Sapper Shea, J. H. 18th Rfts. 4/106 Sapper Shirley, H. H. O. 9th Rfts. 4/276 Sapper Simpson, W. G. Corpl., 5th Rfts. 4/224 Sapper Sirett, G. L. 4/194 Sapper Shore, W. H. 5th Rfts. 4/234 Sapper Sloan, T. C. Corpl., 17th Rfts. 4/88 Sapper Small, C. R. Sergt., 2nd N.Z.R.B. 4/223 Sapper Smith, B. A. Sergt., 9th Rfts. 4/227 Sapper Smith, W. B. 5th Rfts. 4/215 Sapper Smith, F. W. Sergt., 4th Rfts. 4/239 Sapper Smith, F. H. L/Corpl., 12th Rfts. 4/291 Sapper Smyrk, E. W. Home Service 4/218 Sapper Slaughter, H. V. 4/192 Sapper Spencer, R. T. 4/225 Sapper Stanley, B. T. 4/228 Sapper Staden, C. 5th Rfts. 4/344a Sapper Steers, H. A. 11th Rfts. 4/102 Sapper Sutherland, W. A. Sergt., 24th Rfts. 4/235 Sapper Syme, R. A. 4/188 Sapper Taylor, P. A. 20th Rfts. 4/271 Sapper Thomas, R. P. Sergt, 15th Rfts. 4/272 Sapper Thompson, J. H. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 4/261 Sapper Thomas, J. H. Lieut., 14th and 21st Rfts. 4/275 Sapper Thornton, W. 8th Rfts. 4/198 Sapper Thrupp, G. E. 8th Rfts. 4/270 Sapper Tonge, C. H. 4/199 Sapper Veysey, R. W.O., 11th Rfts. 4/56 Sapper Walker, C. E. S. Imperial Forces 4/278 Sapper Wallace, J. R. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 4/273 Sapper Wattam, R. E. 16th Rfts. 4/202 Sapper White, R. L. 28th Rfts. 4/208 Sapper White, C. W. S. 4/96 Sapper White, W. A. 23rd Rfts. 4/274
Died since Discharge in N.Z.
Sapper Whiting, N. A. 2nd Lieut., Main Body 4/213 Sapper Whittleston, C. T. 4/280 Sapper Williams, C. F. T. 4th Rfts. 4/281 Sapper Williams, L. 4/91 Sapper Wilson, A. G. H. 5th Rfts. 4/299 Sapper Wilson, F. W. Lieut., 4th Rfts. (M.C.) 4/203 Sapper Winter, R. G. 4/279 Sapper Woollett, W. H. L/Corpl., 17th Rfts. 4/95 Sapper Wright, W. 4th Rfts.

N.Z. Army Service Corps. 5/01 Lieut. Anderson, F. H. Major, A.S.C. (M.C.) 5/14 2nd Lieut. Holland, J. C. 1st N.Z.R.B. 5/2 Sergt. Malone, B. N.Z.M.C. 5/1 Sergt. Voyle, L. H. 24th Rfts. 5/15 Private Annan, J. A. Corpl., 38th Rfts. 5/11 Private Boomer, N. 5/7
Killed in Action, France.
Private Brocklebank, W. A.LF. 5/16 Private Coley, P. 5/10 Private Crowe, S. A. 5/24 Private Elgar, R. D. 12th Rfts. 5/23 Private Heidenstrom, N. H. P. 7th Rfts. 5/9 Private Hanlon, A. H. 5/22 Private Juggins, J. W. 5/21 Private Lancaster, G. C. 3rd N.Z.R.B. 5/6 Private McFadyen, C. J. 12th Rfts. 5/20 Private McKeown, L. F. 5/13 Private Poynton, D. J. 5th Rfts. 5/19 Private Quayle, A. S. D. 5/3 Private Rogers, M. 5/5 Private Taylor, I. Y. 5/12 Private Teague, W. M. Corpl., 10th Rfts. 5/4 Private Ure, E. H. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 5/17 Private Whitehead, A. A. Corpl., 12th Rfts. 5/8 Private Wooller, A. Sergt., 8th Rfts. 5/18 Private Withers, E. O. W.O., 30th Rfts. 5/26 Private Withers, A. J.

N.Z. Medical Corps. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 3/43 Captain McKillop, A. C. Major, 2nd Rfts. 3/3 Captain Stout, T. D. M. Major, N.Z.M.C. (D.S.O., O.B.E.) 3/2 Captain Tapper, K. E. T/Major, 5th Rfts. (O.B.E.) 3/72 Lieut. Isaacs, D. N. Capt., N.Z.M.C. (M.B.E.) 3/71
Died in England prior to Discharge.
Lieut. Ward, C. K. Captain, 24th Rfts. 3/73 Matron Nurse, B. G. Matron, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C., 1st M.I.D. (twice) 3/78 Sister Brooke, E. G. Matron, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C., 1st c'ass (with Bar), M.I.D. 3/77 Sister Wilson, F. Matron, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C., 1st M.I.D. (twice) 3/76 Sister Brandon, L. E. Sister, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C., 2nd 3/74 Sister McNie, L. A. Matron, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C., 1st 3/75 Sister MacLean, V. M. K. Matron, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C., 1st M.I.D. 0/35 Sister Willis, I. G. Matron, N. Z. A. N. S., R.R.C.. 2nd M.I.D. (twice) 3/27 Sergt.-Major McClintock, W. G. 2nd Lieutenant, 7th Rfts. (M.M.) 3/47 C.Q.M.S. Blacklin, E. A. H.A. C.Q.M.S. 3/42 W.O. Yallop, G. W. W.O., 16th Rfts. 3/33 Sergt. Dunlop, J. T. Samoan Administration Staff, 1915/1919 3/12 Sergt. Copeland, R. Lieut., 3rd N.Z.R.B. 3/7
Killed in Action, France.
Corpl. Benton, A. Sergt., 19th Rfts. 3/49 Corpl. Carr, F. E. W.O,. N.Z.M.C. 3/26 Corpl. Lightfoot, F. R. 3/17 Bugler Elliott, R. Sergt., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. 3/4 Private Aldridge, A. E. 3/5. Private Allan, W. R. S. Corpl., N.Z.M.C. 3/6
Drowned through torpedoing of H.S. "Marquette" in Gulf of Salonika, 23/10/15.
Private Baker, G. H. W.O., N.Z.M.C. 3/45 Private Barrett, W. 3/44 Private Bailey, C. G. 3/48 Private Campbell, W. 3/13 Private Crawford, W. 3/9 Private Cauty, J. V. M. Lieut., 1st Bn., N.Z.R.B. (M.M.) 3/11
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Private Colley, F. N.Z.M.C. 3/10 Private Chambers, A. 41st Rfts. 3/15 Private Dear, T. W. 3/14
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Private Daniel, R. J. 5th Rfts. 3/50 Private Dyer, G. A. Corpl., 18th Rfts. 3/16 Private Edwards, A. R. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/51 Private Falk, C. M. McK. 22nd Rfts. 3/52 Private Franks, E. R. Sergt., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 3/18 Private Flanagan, E. M. 20th Rfts. 3/79 Private Gillett, J. B. N.Z.M.C. 3/19 Private Grose, W. J. 3/22 Private Hewitt, A. G. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/21 Private Halse, G. 2nd Lieut., 14th Rfts. 3/53 Private Hill, H. 30th Rfts. 3/23 Private Hickson, C. H. Sergt., 29th Rfts. 3/20 Private HaU, W. E. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/54 Private Honore, D. A. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/24 Private Johns, G. C. Corpl., 34th Rfts. 3/25 Private Le Comte, H. E. Corpl., 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. (M.M.) 3/55 Private Luke, F. W. Sergt., 22nd Rfts. 3/57
Died of Sickness, Egypt.
Private Mardon, W. 7th Rfts. 3/37 Private Martin, R. B. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/58 Private Mirfin, M. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/28
Died in N.Z. after Discharge.
Private McMillan, R. H. Sergt., 7th Rfts. 3/29 Private McNeilly, A. R. Sergt., 35th Rfts. 3/56 Private McLachlan, J. N.Z.M.C. 3/30 Private Nicol, J. A. Hospital Staff, Apia, 1914- 1919 3/31 Private Perrin, C. 6th Rfts. 3/59
Drowned through torpedoing of H.S. "Marquette" in Gulf of Salonika, 23/10/15.
Private Pole, R. A. N.Z.M.C. 3/61
Killed in Action, France.
Private Reeves, J. H. 7th Rfts. 3/62 Private Rickards, B. J. E. 2nd Bn., N.Z.R.B. 3/32 Private Rigg, A. B. Corpl., 36th Rfts. 3/60 Private Reaburn, C. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/64 Private Shackleton, W. H. W.O., 9th Rfts. 3/34 Private Sheehan, B. C. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/66 Private Strong, L. O. Corpl., 8th Rfts.; W.O., "Aparima" 3/63 Private Saphir, C. H. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/35 Private Simpson, D. 29th Rfts. 3/36 Private Stewart, D. T. 3/65 Private Sly, R. H. S. W.O., 13th Rfts. (M.M. with Bar) 3/67 Private Thompson, P. 3/38 Private Thopmson, C. D. N.Z.M.C. 3/8o Private Twomey, J. C. 3/68 Private Wagg, G. T. K. A/Bomdr., 16th Rfts. 3/69 Private Walker, C. W. 5th Rfts. 3/39 Private Walter, J. B. N.Z.M.C. 3/40 Private Whalley, G. 5th Rfts. (M.M. with Bar) 3/41 Private Williams., J.W. Sergt., N.Z.M.C. 3/70 Private Wilson, W. T. H. Sergt., N.Z.M.C.

Post and Telegraph Detachment. No. Name. Subsequent Service. 4/50 Capt. Davies., J.L. Radio, Apia, 1914 (Croix de Guerre) 4/48 Capt. Spry, P. 0. Radio, Apia, 1914-15 4/49 W.O. Dunwoodie., E.E. Radio, Apia, 1914-19 4/1966
Killed in Flying Accident, Ismailia, 23/7/19.
Sgt. Croudace, R. 10th Rfts.; Lt. R.A.F. 1/539 Sgt. Scott., J.S. 1/538 Sgt. Simpson., A.J. 11th Rfts.

Fiji Contingent (Joined Expedition at Suva). No. Name. Subsequent Service. — Lieut. Harlock, H. Interpreter and Censor, Apia, 1914. 1/814a
Died of Wounds, Anzac.
Privatte Cottingham., R.J. Main Body 1/819 Privatte Bailey., H.F. A.I.F. 1/812a
Died in England.
Privatte Clutterbuck, T. A.I.F. 1/820 Privatte Caldwell., R.N. Imperial Forces (M.C.) 1/818a Privatte Lister., H.R. Main Body 1/817a Privatte Major., L.G.H. 1/816a Privatte McCarroll, T. 2nd Lieut., Main Body; Captain, 35th Rfts. 1/813a Privatte Wishart., G.A. Private, Main Body; 2nd Lieutenant, 10th Rfts. 1/815a
Killed in Action, Anzac.
Privatte Warden., C.A. Main Body 1/821 Privatte Roberts., T.V. 2nd Lieut., Main Body

Photographic Roll(Incomplete)OfMembersof The Samoan Expeditionary Force Who made the Supreme Sacrifice in the Great War,1914-1918.

Fifth (Wellington) Regiment

1/05 Major Bernard Head.Killed in Action, Anzac, 12/8/15.

1/810 Capt. Rogers William Wilkinson.Died of Wounds, ex Anzac, 22/9/15.

1/030 Major John Richmond Cowles (M.C.).Killed in Action, France, 25/11/17.

1/028 Capt. Leonard Maughan Liardet.Died of Wounds, France, 3/10/16.

1/187 Capt. David Alexander Kenny.Died of Sickness, United Kingdom, 6/4/18.

1/07 Sgt. Maj. Joseph Morrison.Killed in Action with A.I.F.

1/445 W.O. Charles Wm. Hensman Bould.Killed in Action, France, 27/9/16.

1/9 W.O. Harry James Cameron.Killed in Action, France, 18/7/18.

1/178 2nd Lt. William Spottiswood Hopkirk.Killed in Action, France, 1/6/16.

1/185 Capt. Kenneth James Tail (M.C.).Killed in Action, Palestine, 23/3/18.

1/289 Sgt. Alfred Alexander MeArthur.Killed in Action, France, 3/7/16.

1/528 CS.M. John Wilkinson Black.Killed in Action, France, 4/10/17.

1/331 Cpl. Compton Tothill.Killed in Action, Anzac, 6/8/15.

1/812 2nd Lt. Athol Hudson.Killed in action, France, 14/7/16.

1/60 L/Cpl. Edward James Spooner. Missing, believedKilled in Action, Anzac, 8/8/15.

1/214 Cpl. Francis Arthur Cimino.Killed in Action, Anzac, 8/8/15.

1/467 Lt. Audley Charles Hyde Millar (M.C.).Died of Wounds, France, 16/10/17.

1/557 Lieut. Sydney Allan Murrell.Killed in Action, France, 4/11/18.

1/286 2nd Lt. Archibald Geoffrey Brockett.Killed in Action, France, 15/7/16.

1/110 2nd Lt. Wm. Alexander Bain. Died of Wounds, France, 28/9/16.

1/492 Sgt. Kenneth McIntosh Cole (MM.).Killed in Action, France, 9/4/18.

1/143 Sgt. Leonard Guthrie. Killed in Action, France, 27/3/18.

1/448 L.-Cpl. Charles Alexander.Killed in Action, France, 16/9/16.

1/357 W. O. Henry Wilfred Angell. Killed in Action, France, 7/6/17.

1/70 Pvte. Wm. Ernest Bailey.Killed in Action, France, 28/11/17.

1/66 Sgt. James Barber.Accidentally Killed, France, 13/6/16.

1/342 2nd Lt. George Bates (D.C.M.).Killed in Action, France, 4/11/18.

1/37 Sgt. David George Beaumont.Died of Sickness, Egypt, 19/1/16.

1/308 2nd Lt. Victor Raymond Bernard.Killed in Action, France, 4/11/18.

1/366 Cpl. Henry Gordon Bland.Killed in Action, France, 15/9/16.

1/495 Pvte. Lance Bridge.Died of Wounds on Board Ship, exAnsac, 13/8/15.

1/017 Sgt. Bruce Brown.Died of Wounds, France, 29/9/16.

1/23 Pvte. Alexander Thomas Callan.Died of Wounds on H.S. "Gaston" ex Anzac, 22/6/15.

1/322 Pvte. Norman Cummins.Killed in Action, France, 15/9/16.

1/375 Pvte. Bartholomew Joseph Dennehy.Killed in Action, France, 4/7/16.

1/241 Pvte. Patrick John Devine.Killed in Action, France, 9/7/16.

1/78 Pvte. Jack Fowler. Died of Sickness, Mudros, 27/7/15.