By
Lately Bishop of Waiapu
NINTH EDITION
By
Bishop of Waiapu
Whitcombe and Tombs Limited
Melbourne, Sydney and London
Preface.
This work was first published in London in 1862, and has since then passed through eight editions.
In the second and third editions a fair amount of new matter was incorporated, a few important changes were made in the fourth, while a very thorough revision was carried out in 1904, when many of the paragraphs were entirely re-written.
The English-Maori vocabulary formed part of the work from the first, but the Maori-English portion was added in the sixth edition, and contained only such words as were necessary for the exercises which were introduced at that time.
The conversations first appeared in the second edition, and have been reprinted with little or no alteration.
In the eighth edition the body of the work was, once more, subjected to a thorough revision. The vocabularies were materially enlarged by the inclusion of a number of words which may be expected to occur in ordinary conversation with Maoris. It will be noticed that many of the words in the vocabularies are of recent adoption into the language, but in every case it is believed that these forms are the ones likely now to be used by a Maori, even though there was, in some cases, already a genuine Maori word which would have served the purpose. In the majority of cases, however, the Maori has been forced to adopt some word to represent an idea with which he had had in the past no acquaintance.
In this edition a few paragraphs have been re-written, and several corrections made, but otherwise the work is unaltered.
An Index of Subjects has been added in order to assist the student in referring to the work.
Napier,
April2, 1930
First Lessons in Maori
PartI.
On Reading.
The Alphabetconsists of the following fifteen letters:—
The vowels in the names of the letters are sounded as shown above.
—The Maori alphabet is very restricted. It will be noticed that the voiced consonants b, d, g, are wanting, also the voiced and voiceless pairs, v, f, and z, s,
l. The only consonants are the voiceless p, t, k, the voiced and voiceless pair, w, wh, the three nasals, m, n, ng, the liquid r and the aspirate h. These ten consonants with the five vowels permit the formation of fifty-five open syllables, but four of these, wo, wu, who, whu, do not occur in any genuine Maori word, leaving only fifty-one possible syllables in the language.
Pronunciation.
—In pronouncing the vowels great care should be taken that in each case the long vowel be formed by a simple prolongation of the pure sound of the short vowel without any gliding, as so often in English, into another vowel. Thus ō must not have any trace of u introduced into it, nor ē any trace of i.
Wh is not a compound of w and h, but represents the single voiceless consonant corresponding with w, and is pronounced by emitting the breath sharply between the lips. It is a mistake to assimilate the sound to that of f in English, though this has become fashionable in recent years with some of the younger Maoris.
Ng (also a single consonant), as used in Maori to begin a syllable, is found difficult by some people; but the difficulty may soon be overcome by bearing in mind that the position of the organs of speech is the same for this letter as for g and k, to which it stands in the same relation that m does to b and p, and n to d and t. Pronounce the three letters successively with the Maori vowel a, thus: ka, ga, nga, and practise this till the letter is mastered.
Each vowel has but one sound, but may vary in length. When two stand together in a word they do not, strictly speaking, form a diphthong, but each should be pronounced, the first of the two generally more strongly than the other. The doubling of a vowel amounts simply to a lengthening of it.
The consonants always stand singly, and every syllable is open, that is ends with a vowel, and every letter in a word is pronounced.
Accent.—As a general rule, accentuate the first syllable; but in words beginning with whaka accentuate the third. When a word is formed by doubling the last two syllables of a three-syllable word, the first syllable will invariably be long, and there will be a secondary accent on the second and fourth syllables: as āni'wani'wa.
Caution.—Be careful always to give each vowel its own sound, and so to avoid confusion between ae and ai, as in the words waewae and wai; between e and ei, as in the words he and hei; between ao and au, as in the words tao and tau; between o and ou, as in the words koukou and koko; between ou and u, as in the words koutou and kutu.
Nouns and Personal Pronouns.
The nouns have no Inflections, nor any distinctions of Gender.
Obs. The interrogative pronoun aha, what, is treated as a common noun.
The Number of a common noun is denoted generally by the number of the definitive in connexion with it. (§§ 17, 18.) The following words have one vowel lengthened in the plural, thus:
The word tamaiti, child, is used in the singular only, tamariki being always used for the plural.
The personal pronouns have three numbers, Singular, Dual and Plural, as shown by the following table.
The pronouns, like the nouns, have no inflexions.
The personal pronouns are not used in speaking of inanimate things.
The Singular Personal Pronouns ahau, koe, ia, are replaced respectively by -ku, -u, -na, when they follow any of the possessive prepositions, a, o, na, no, ma, mo; or the possessive particles, ta and to (which are equivalent to the article te, with the prepositions a and o). Owing to this irregularity the preposition and pronoun in each case are generally written as one word. (Compare §§ 18 and 22.)
Ahau, I; āku, or ōku, of me; nāku, or nōku, belonging to me, mine; māku or mōku, for me; tāku, or tōku, my (literally, te a ku, the..of me).
Koe, thou; āu, or ōu, of thee; nāu, or nōu, belonging to thee, thine; māu, or mōu, for thee; tāu, or tōu, thy.
(Tŏ and ŏ are sometimes used for tāu and āu.)
Ia, he or she; āna, or ōna, of him or her; nāna, or nōna, belonging to him or her, his or hers; māna, or mōna, for him or for her; tāna, or tōna, his or her.
Self is expressed by the addition to the pronoun of either of the adverbs, ake or ano, which may also be used with a possessive, (§ 18), to express own. In the latter case ake may be placed after either the possessive or the noun, ano only after the noun.
Ki a raua ake, Toku ake whare, Ana tama ano, Examples.
to themselves.or toku whare ake, my own house.his own sons.
Local nouns.
—There are certain nouns which are invariably used without a definitive, (§ 18), though the force of a definitive must be expressed in translation. The majority of these have a place signification, hence the designation, local nouns; but there are others also with a time signification, which belong to the same grammatical category, and are subject to the same rules.
The following is a list of the most important of these:—
-
Runga,
the top, the upper part. -
Raro,
the bottom, the under part. -
Roto,
the inside, the midst. -
Waho,
the outside, the exterior. -
Mua,
the front, the fore part. -
Muri,
the rear, the hind part. -
Waenga, waenganui, waengarahi,
the middle, the midst. -
Hea, whea,
what place, what time(future). -
Ko,
yonder place, the distant time. -
Konei,
this place(near me). -
Kona,
that place(near you). -
Reira,
that place(before-mentioned). -
Tāwāhi, tarawāhi,
the other side(of a river or valley). -
Tua,
the other side(of a hill, house, etc.). -
Tātahi,
the sea shore(as opposed to places inland). -
Uta,
the inland(as opposed totatahi). -
Uta,
the dry land, the shore(as opposed to the water). -
Tai,
the sea(as opposed to the dry land). -
Tahaki,
the shore(as opposed to the water),one side. -
Aianei, naianei,
the present -
Aoake,
the day before, the day after. -
Karehā,
the day before yesterday, the day after to-morrow. -
Nahea,
what time(past). -
Nanahi,
yesterday. -
Napō,
last night. -
Namata,
the past time, long ago. -
Nehe, nehera,
the ancient times. -
Pahaki,
the near distance. -
Raurangi,
another time, another day(past or future). -
Tahirā,
the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday. -
Taitua,
the further side(of a solid body). -
Tawhiti,
the distance, a distance.
Nominal prefix
.—i. The particle a is used before the The names of the days of the week are treated like common nouns; but always take the definite article names of persons or monthste.wai and mea,
(a) When they stand as subject in a sentence, or are repeated by way of explanation.
He rangatira a Tāreha, E mahi ana a Turi, Ka hoki taua tangata a Kupe, Examples.
Tareha is a chief.Turi is working.The man, Kupe, returned.
(b) When they follow any of the prepositions ki, i, hei, kei; but not when they follow ko (§§12, 37), or any of the prepositions a, o, ma, mo, na, no, e, me. (§§ 15, 16.)
Ki a Titore, Kei a Wahanui, No Paikea, Ma Ruatapu, Examples.
to Titore.in Wahanui's possession.belonging to Paikea.for Ruatapu.
ii. It is used with personal pronouns (except ahau, though au follows the rule) only when they follow the prepositions ki, i, hei, kei; or when they are repeated by way of explanation; not ordinarily when they stand as subject in a sentence.
He kupu na Rangi ki a koe, Haere mai ki ahau, A wai? Examples.
a word from Rangi to you.come to me.Who? A koe. Thou.
Obs. The nominal prefix is generally unaccented; but when any of the singular personal pronouns, au (not ahau), koe, ia, thus follows one of the prepositions, ki, i, hei, kei, the pronoun is unaccented, and the accent is thrown back on a, thus Kei à ia. I à koe.
iii. It is also used with the name of a place or a local noun (§ 8), only when it stands as subject in a sentence, or is repeated by way of explanation.
He mānia a Kaingaroa, A hea? A Kaingaroa. Ka wera a waho, Examples.
Kaingaroa is a plain.What place? Kaingaroa.the outside is burnt.
Ma.
When any person is spoken of in connexion with others whom it is not necessary to specify put ma after the name, thus:
Kahutia ma, Kahutia and his companions, or Kahutia and the others.
Also when addressing more persons than one it may be used with the different forms of address, thus:
E hoa ma! Friends!
With the pronouns A wai ma? A mea ma, wai? and mea (§ 6) it makes a dual or plural.
Who? (pl.).such and such persons.
When a number of persons or things are enumerated severally, the particle or preposition that is used with the first should be repeated with each of those that follow.
Example.
Nga rangatira o Rotorua, o Rotoiti, o Tarawera; the chiefs of Rotorua, Rotoiti, and Tarawera.
When speaking of a number of persons collectively use a dual or plural pronoun, as the case may be, followed by the name or names of the additional persons, introducing each name with the specific particle, ko; but if the names are preceded by a preposition, the preposition will not be repeated.
Maua ko Ripi, Koutou ko Ripi, ko Maui, Ki a korua ko Heke. Examples.
Ripi and I.You and Ripi, and Maui.To you and Heke.
When names are enumerated in the third person, one of the names must precede the pronoun unless one of them has been previously mentioned.
A Ripi raua ko Haokai, Ki a Haokai ratou ko Ripi ma, Ko wai ma era? Ko Ripi ratou ko Pau, ko Maui. Examples.
Ripi and Haokai.to Haokai, Ripi and the others.Who are those? Ripi and Pau and Maui.
When nouns are in apposition (i.e., when a second noun is added to explain the first), repeat the preposition, etc., of the first noun with the second, and place the most general noun first, the most particular afterwards.
Ma tona tupuna, ma Pau, Example.
for his grandfather Pau.
In this example, tona tupuna is a more general term than Pau, and it therefore stands first: and the preposition ma is repeated with the particular name, Pau.
Common Nounsas
Adjectives.
—Any common noun may be used as an adjective, indicating material, purpose, etc. (§ 23).
He whare kowhatu, He rua kumara, He tunga whare, Examples.
a stone house.a pit for kumara.a site for a house.
Prepositions.
These are placed here for convenience of reference, and may be learned as occasion requires.
Simple Prepositions.
-
A,
of, belonging to. (§ 22). -
at, of future time: a hea?at what time? until. -
after the manner of. -
O,
of, belonging to, passive of a. (§ 22). -
from, of place or time, denoting the starting point. -
Na,
of, belonging to. (§ 22). -
by, by means of, on account of, owing to. -
by, through, by way of, of direction. -
by, expressing emphasis on the agent. (§ 55). -
No,
of, belonging to, passive of na. (§ 22). -
from, of place, but not after verbs of motion. -
from, at, of time past. -
Ma,
for. (§ 22). -
by, by means of, on account of. -
by, through, by way of, of direction. -
by, expressing emphasis on the agent. (§ 55). -
Mo,
for, passive of ma. (§ 22). -
at, on, of time future. -
about, concerning, with a view to. -
Ra,
by way of, through, of direction. -
I,
by, with, of agent or instrument, after participles, adjectives, and neuter verbs. (§ 69). -
by reason of. -
from, after verbs implying motion. -
at the time of, at the time that. -
with, in possession of, having in possession, past, or, in a negative clause, present. (§ 40,f.). -
with, in company with. -
at, in, on, of time, generally past. -
in comparison of. -
beyond. -
at, in, on, of place, mostly in time past, but in some cases, present. (§ 40f.). -
in state of, in act of, in time past, or, in a negative clause, present (§ 40f.), governing adjectives or verbs. -
to, with an infinitive after “learn.” -
connecting a transitive verb with its object; no English equivalent. (§ 53).
-
Kei,
at, on, of place, in time present; not used after verbs. -
with, in possession of, in time present. -
in state of, in act of, with adjectives or verbs in time present. -
Hei,
at, on, like, as, of place, or time, future; not used after verbs. -
with, in possession of, in time future. -
for, to serve as, to be, without any definitive; used with nouns, or with the infinitive of verbs. -
Ki,
to, of place, or with the infinitive of a verb of action (§ 50);into, towards. -
at, orin, of place in which a thing is done, etc., after verbs. -
at, after arrive, etc. -
with, of instrument. -
against. -
according to, concerning. -
for, in quest of. -
connecting a transitive verb with its object; no English equivalent. (§ 53).
-
Me,
with, in addition, and—too. -
Ko,
to, going to, with nouns of place and infinitives of active verbs. -
at, of future time, or denoting intention. -
To,
up to. -
Whaka,
towards.
Complex Prepositions.
—These are irregular modes of using some of the local nouns enumerated in § 8.
-
Ki runga ki,
-
I runga i,
-
Kei runga kei,
-
Hei runga hei,
upon, on the top of. -
No runga no,
from upon, i.e.,belonging to the top of. -
I runga i,
from upon, with special idea of motion from. -
Mo runga mo,
for the top of. -
Ma runga ma,
over, by the top of(direction). -
Ko runga ko,
to the top of.
Series1.
-
Ki runga i,
-
I runga i,
-
Kei runga i,
-
Hei runga i,
above, over. -
No runga i,
from above, i.e., belonging to that situation. -
I runga i,
from above, implying motion from. -
Mo runga i,
for above, i.e., to be above. -
Ma runga i,
by above, over(of direction). -
Ko runga i, to above, over.
Series2.
In the second of these series o may be substituted for i after the local noun, in which case the construction will be regular.
Similar combinations may be made with raro, to signify under, beneath, below, etc.; with roto, to signify in, into, inside, etc.; with waho, to signify without, outside, from without, etc.
Mua and muri are only used in Series 2.
Definitives.
Definitives
are those words which define or determine the force of the nouns to which they are applied. The name includes what are commonly called articles, demonstrative adjectives, possessive pronouns, and the possessive cases of nouns.
A definitive in Polynesian differs grammatically from an adjective in that it stands immediately before, while the adjective stands after, the word to which it refers.
In a Maori sentence every common noun will normally be preceded by a definitive, and by one only. With the prepositions hei, for, to serve as, and a, after the manner of, (§ 15), no definitive is used. Other exceptions are treated in an article in the “Journal of the Polynesian Society,” Vol. 38, p. 60.
Definitivesin Maori comprise:—
-
The
articles, te, pl. nga,the; taua, pl. aua,the aforesaid, (§ 19); he, sing.a, some, pl.someor untranslated. -
The
indefinite pronouns, tētahi,one, a, certain, some; pl. ētahi,some, certain, (§ 21). -
The
demonstrative adjectives, (tēnei,this; tēna,that; tēra,that, the other(opposed tothisorthat); with their plurals, ēnei, ēna, ēra; and ia,that, (which has no plural). (§ 21). -
The
interrogative pronouns, tēhea, pl. ēhea,which. -
The
possessive pronouns, tāku, tōku,my; tāu, tōu,thy; tāna, tōna,his, her; and their plurals, āku, ōku, etc. (§ 6). -
The
possessives, formed by using one of the particles, tā, tō, ā, ō, (§ 6), with a dual or plural personal pronoun, a local noun, (§ 8), the name of a person or place, or with a common noun which follows any of the definitives in the preceding classes excepthein class (a). (See § 22).
Toku whare, Enei kowhatu, He whare, Ta Hamo kuri, To tenei tangata kainga, Examples.
my house.these stones.a house, or houses.Hamo's dog.this man's dwelling place.
The possessive particles ta and to may be resolved into the article and preposition, thus Te kuri a Hamo is equivalent to Ta Hamo kuri, and Te kainga o tenei tangata is equivalent to To tenei tangata kainga. Similarly in the plural we may say either, A Hamo kuri, or Nga kuri a Hamo.
articles.
(a) The articles, te, nga, taua, aua, and he are used only as adjuncts standing before a noun. This usage distinguishes them from the other definitives, any of which may be used absolutely, standing alone as the
ia, standing alone is the personal pronoun for the third person singular.
Nāku tēnei, nāu tēna, Nui ke atu tōu whare i tōku, Examples.
this is mine, that is yours.your house is larger than mine.
(b) When a common noun is used to denote a class, as is often done in English by the use of the simple plural, use te in the singular, and not he.
He pai te kūkū hei kai, Te kūkū, Examples.
pigeons are good for food.the pigeon; i.e., pigeons in general.
(c) The use of taua or aua implies that the word to which it is applied has been mentioned before. It will generally be sufficiently translated by the, occasionally by that. It is sometimes used where the person or thing referred to, though not previously mentioned, is notorious or well known.
Katahi ano taua tangata ra ka titiro whakatau atu, Tutaki ana i taua wahine nei e wero manu ana māna, Examples.
then the man looked intently.he met the (well known) woman who was spearing birds for herself.
(d) Never use he after a preposition, but substitute tetahi.
He tangata, Ki tetahi tangata, Examples.
a man.to a man.
Possessive Prepositionsfollowing Definitives.
(a) When a possessive follows a noun preceded by he, always use one of the prepositions na or no, never a or o.
He mara kumara naku, He whare no tenei tangata, Examples.
a kumara field of mine, or belonging to me.a house belonging to this man, or of this man's.
(b) When a possessive follows a noun preceded by any other definitive than he, always use one of the prepositions a or o, never na or no.
Te toki a Rita, Tenei taha oku, Taua whare o Hamo, Examples.
Rita's axe.this side of me.that house of Hamo's.
The demonstratives tenei, tena, tera, are equivalent to the article te and the adverbs nei, na, ra, respectively; and we may say indifferently Tenei tangata, or Te tangata nei. So also in the plural; Era whare, may be replaced by Nga whare ra. Tenei denotes that the thing spoken of is near or in some way connected with the speaker; tena, that it is near, or in some way connected with the person spoken to; tera, that it is at a distance from, or unconnected with either the speaker or the person spoken to, and similarly with their respective plurals.
Ia is generally used distributively for each, both it and the noun being repeated. Tenei, tena, tera, and tetahi may also be used in the same way.
Ia tangata, ia tangata, Tenei rōpū, tenei rōpū o ratou, I hoatu e ia he kai ki tetahi ki tetahi o ratou, Examples.
each man.each company of them.he gave food to each of them.
Tena may often be rendered by this, when the thing spoken of is contrasted with something at a distance, and not with an object near or connected with the speaker.
Tera is often used in an emphatic way for the personal pronoun of the third person singular.
Kua tae tera ki Mokoia, Example.
he has arrived at Mokoia.
Tenei, tena, tetahi, tera, and the possessives often stand alone, the noun being understood.
Naku tenei, nau tena, He rangatira taua tangata, Pai ke atu taku i ta Turi, Examples.
this is mine, that is yours.that man is a chief.mine is better than Turi's.
When contrast is implied, tetahi, with or without atu, means another. Tetahi may be repeated either with or without a noun, to signify one and the other or another.
Ki te pai ki tenei tangata, e pai ana; ki te pai ki tetahi atu, e pai ana, Ko nga tuākana ki tetahi taha, ko ia ki tetahi taha, Kua oti tetahi karakia, e whai ana ki tetahi, Examples.
if you approve of this man, it is well; if you approve of another, it is well.the brothers were at one side, and he at the other.when one spell had been finished, they followed with another.
A further use of tetahi is to form a reciprocal, representing one another or each other.
I titiro whakatau raua tetahi ki tetahi, Example.
they looked intently at one another.
But, if there is no ambiguity, this is often expressed by the simple use of raua.
Kua kitekite noa ake raua i a raua, Example.
they had seen one another freely.
The difference between a and o, which applies also to na, no, ma, mo, ta, to, taku, toku, etc., is this:
a) transitive actions including works accomplished or in progress, (b) movable property, instruments, (c) food, (d) husband, wife, children, slaves, etc.; o in speaking of (e) intransitive actions, (f) parts of anything, names, qualities, (g) feelings, (h) houses, land, canoes, (i) inhabitants, (j) water for drinking, medicine, clothes, (k) parents, and other relatives (except husband tane, wife wahine, and children or grandchildren with their collaterals; but uri takes o), superiors, companions (including hoa when applied to husband or wife), also (l) with derivative nouns (§§ 58 and 68) of adjectives, participles, and intransitive verbs and with those of transitive verbs when they are used in a passive sense.
Te tahunga a Raumati i a Te Arawa, Nga tao a Manaia, He kai mau, Te wahine a Rua me ana tamariki, To raua totohe ki a raua, Te pakitara o te whare, Te aroha o Kuiwai ki a Manaia, Te whare o Tinirau, Nga tangata o tenei motu, He wai mo Te Ponga, Nga tungane me nga teina o to raua whaea, Te hokinga o Kupe ki Hawaiki, Te tahunga o Te Arawa e Raumati, Taku ingoa (Examples.
Raumati's burning of the Arawa (canoe).Manaia's spears.food for you.Rua's wife and his children.their contending with one another.the wall of the house.Kuiwai's love for Manaia.Tinirau's house.the men of this island.some water for Te Ponga.the brothers and younger sisters of their mother.Kupe's return to Hawaiki.the burning of the Arawa (canoe) by Raumati.f) mou, my name for you (i.e., the name which I have given you).
Adjectives.
Position.
An adjective always stands after the noun which it qualifies.
He whare pai, Tana kuri nui, Examples.
a good house.his large dog.
By doubling the di-syllabic root, or sometimes only the first syllable of the root, of an adjective, the intensity of its signification is diminished, thus:
Wera, Werawera, Maroke, Mārokeroke, Pango, Papango,
hot.somewhat hot, warm.dry.somewhat dry.black.somewhat black, dark.
In the case of a few adjectives a plural is formed by doubling the first syllable of the root, thus:
He rakau nui, He rakau nunui, He tangata roa, He tāngata roroa,
a large tree.large trees.a tall man.tall men.
The simple form is, however, often used for the plural as well as the singular.
Degrees of Comparison
are expressed by the adverbs atu, or ake, for the comparative degree; tino, or rawa, with the definite article te, for the superlative degree. Tino or rawa, with the indefinite article he, forms an intense comparative.
Obs. Tino always stands before the adjective, and rawa after it.
He mea pai atu i tena, Te mea pai rawa, He mea tino pai, Te mea tino pai rawa, He mea pai rawa i tena, Examples.
a better thing than that.the best thing.a very good thing.the very best thing.a far better thing than that.
When two or more adjectives are used to qualify the same noun, repeat the noun with each, or substitute mea for the noun after the first time.
He whare kowhatu, he whare pai, He kowhatu nui, he mea taimaha, Examples.
a good stone house.a large heavy stone.
Abstract Quality
is expressed by the adjective treated as a noun, thus:
Numerals.
Table of Cardinal Numbers.
Hia? How many?
Tahi, or Kotahi. Rua. Toru Wha. Rima. Ono. Whitu. Waru. Iwa. Tekau, or Ngahuru. Tekau ma tahi. Tekau ma rua. Tekau ma toru. Tekau ma wha. Rua tekau. Rua tekau ma tahi. Toru tekau. Wha tekau. Kotahi rau. Kotahi rau ma tahi. Kotahi rau e rua tekau ma toru. Kotahi mano. E rua mano ma tahi. E rua mano e toru rau e waru tekau ma wha.
It is to be noted that, for the numbers from 10 to 19, “kotahi” is often expressed with “tekau” and that from 100 to 199 it is generally required with “rau.” (See examples under §§ 29 and 30.)
In Counting use ka before the numerals, thus:
Ka hia? Ka tahi,
how many?one; ka rua, two; ka toru, three, etc.; ka tekau, ten; ka tekau ma tahi, eleven; ka rua tekau, twenty; ka kotahi rau ka rua tekau ma rima, one hundred and twenty-five.
In asking for any number of things use kia in the same way before the numeral, thus:
Mauria mai etahi toki, kia rua, Kia hia?
bring two axes.how many? Kia rua, two.
With Nouns.
i. When used in immediate connexion with a noun, let kotahi stand for one, not tahi, and put e before the other numerals from two to nine.
He tangata kotahi, Nga whare e toru, Nga tao e wha tekau, He waka kotahi tekau ma rua, Mo etahi waka kotahi tekau ma rua, Examples.
one man.the three houses.the forty spears.twelve canoes.for twelve canoes.
ii. In speaking of persons the numerals from rua to iwa inclusive, the interrogative hia, and the adjective maha, have toko- prefixed instead of e.
Tokohia? Nga tangata tokoiwa, He tokomaha ratou, Examples.
how many? (i.e., persons).the nine men.they are many.
In using the numerals distributively prefix taki- to the simple numeral, thus:
Takirua, Takitahi,
by twos, two and two.singly, or by ones.
Ordinals used absolutely, i.e. not in immediate connexion with nouns, are expressed by the simple numerals with te, thus:
Te tahi, Te rua, Te hia?
the first.the second.which in order?
When using an ordinal as an This prefix may also be used with the interrogative adjective in immediate connexion with a noun, prefix tua-hia?
Te tangata tuatahi,
the first man.
Above nine, without Te tekau o nga manu, Te rua tekau ma toru o nga whare, tua-, thus:
the tenth of the birds, or the tenth bird.the twenty-third of the houses, or the twenty-third house.
Sentences without Verbs.
Subject and Predicate.
—The Subject in a sentence is that of which anything is said.
The Predicate is that which is said of the Subject.
Examples.
John is a boy. John runs. In both these “John” is the Subject: “a boy” and “runs” are Predicates.
The Subject and Predicate do not always occupy the same relative positions in English, for though the Subject is generally placed first, it is sometimes placed last. It will be sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this chapter to consider the Predicate identical with the most emphatic member of the sentence.
Substantive Verb.
—In English, when the predicate is not a verb, the verb “to be,” commonly called the substantive verb, is used to connect the predicate with its subject. This verb has no equivalent in Maori, but the relation of subject to predicate is indicated by the use of certain particles and by the relative position of the different words in the sentence.
In an affirmative Sentence the predicate stands first, and the subject after it; and two nouns, or an adjective and a noun, placed in these relative positions, form a sentence although without a verb. In a negative sentence, this relative position is apparently (§ 39) reversed.
Sentences of this kind are made either with or without the specific particle ko.
Use the specific particle ko when the predicate is either
-
A proper name, or personal pronoun, a local noun (§ 8), or either of the interrogatives
wai, orhea; or -
A common noun with any of the definitives (§ 18) except
he.
Ko ia tenei, Ko wai tona ingoa? Ko Hamo tona ingoa, Ko toku whare tera, Ko hea tera maunga? Examples.
this is he.what is his name?his name is Hamo.that is my house.What is (the name of) that mountain?
Make a sentence without ko when the predicate is either
-
A common noun (
a), an adjective (b), or a verb in the infinitive (c), with the indefinite articlehe. -
A noun, pronoun, verb, or adjective following a preposition (
d).
In both these cases, the verb or adjective is treated as a noun.
He whare pai tera, He pirau enei kumara, He hanga i te whare te mahi a Horo, Kei Tauranga a Turi, Mo ratou tena whare, Hei runga i te puke te whare, Examples.
that is a good house.these kumara are rotten.Horo's work is to build the house.Turi is at Tauranga.that house is for them.let the house be on the hill.
When the predicate consists of several words, the most emphatic word generally stands alone in the place of the predicate, the rest being placed after the subject. This is the case when the predicate contains an explanatory or a relative clause, or a clause in any other way dependent on the principal word. This also accounts for the apparent reversing of the positions of subject and predicate in a negative sentence, the negation being the most prominent thing in such a sentence.
He tangata tenei no Akaroa, Ko te tama tera a Turi, He kai kei reira ma te tamaiti a Kuiwai, Ko te tangata tera i kitea e ahau, Examples.
this is a man from Akaroa.that is the son of Turi.there is some food there for Kuiwai's child.that is the man who was seen by me.
Negative Sentences.
—(a) The negative of a sentence with ko (§ 37). is always made with ehara..i, ko being dropped.
Examples.
Aff. Ko ia tenei, this is he.Neg. Ehara tenei i a ia, this is not he.Aff. Ko te whare tera, that is the house.Neg. Ehara tera i te whare, that is not the house.
(b) When the predicate in the corresponding affirmative sentence is a common noun, an adjective, or a verb in the infinitive, with the indefinite article he (§ 38, a, b, c), the negative is made with ehara. i, and te is substituted for he.
Examples.
Aff. He whare pai tera, that is a good house.Neg. Ehara tera i te whare pai, that is not a good house.Aff. He pirau enei riwai, these potatoes are rotten.Neg. Ehara enei riwai i te pirau, these potatoes are not rotten.Aff. He tuakana ia noku, he is an elder brother of mine.Neg. Ehara ia i te tuakana noku, he is not an elder brother of mine.
When the predicate in the corresponding affirmative sentence is a noun, adjective, or verb, following a preposition (§ 38, d), the following constructions are used:—
(c) If the preposition in the affirmative sentence is na or no, the negative is made with ehari..i, and the preposition is dropped.
Examples.
Aff. No Turi tera whare, that house belongs to Turi.Neg. Ehara i a Turi tera whare, that house does not belong to Turi.
(d) If the preposition is ma or mo signifying for, use ehara i te mea, retaining the preposition.
Examples.
Aff. Mo Turi te whare, the house is for Turi.Neg. Ehara i te mea mo Turi te whare, the house is not for Turi.
(e) If the preposition is hei signifying at, or in possession of (§ 15), use kauaka, retaining the preposition.
Examples.
Aff. Hei te taha o te huarahi te taiepa, let the fence be at the side of the road.Neg. Kauaka hei te taha, etc., let not the fence be, etc.
(f) If the preposition is kei or i (§ 15), signifying at, or in possession of, use kahore for the negative, with the preposition i only, and never kei.
Kei hea te tahā? Kahore i konei. Examples.
Where is the calabash? It is not here.Aff. Kei a Turi te taura, the rope is in Turi's possession.Neg. Kahore i a Turi te taura, the rope is not in Turi's possession.Aff. I a wai tera kainga? Whose was that place?Neg. Kahore i a Waitaha. It was not Waitaha's.
The use of an interrogative adverb, as ianei, koia, oti, ranei, or of one of the words, wai, who, tehea, which, aha, what, pehea, of what sort, hea, what place, or hia, how many, makes a sentence essentially interrogative. Otherwise an interrogative is indicated solely by the tone of the voice, the form of the sentence, whether with or without a verb, being unaltered.
Nou tena potae, Nou tena potae? Kahore au toki maku, Kahore au toki maku? Na wai tenei mara? He kai ranei kei roto i te whare? Examples.
that hat is yours.is that hat yours?you have no axe for me.have you no axe for me.whose is this cultivation?Is there any food in the house?
Obs. i. If a question in Maori is cast in the negative form, the answer, ae or kahore, is by strict Maori idiom to be regarded as assenting to or dissenting from the statement involved in the question, and must, in accordance with English idiom, be translated no and yes respectively.
Kahore āu toki māku? Example.
Have you no axe for me? Kahore, yes. (That is the suggestion that there is no axe is incorrect.)
But a modern Maori would probably use the English idiom and reply, Ae, meaning Yes.
Obs. ii. In asking a person's name wai is always used, never aha. Similarly, hea is used in asking the name of a place.
Ko wai te ingoa o te tamaiti? What is the child's name?
Ko hea tera maunga? What is that mountain?
The Time of these “sentences without verbs” may, as far as the form of the sentence is concerned, be past, present, or future. When it is not shewn by the essential meaning of any of the words it must be gathered from the context. If no clue to the time is given, what is said will be understood in present time. For the indications of time in the case of the prepositions hei, i, and kei refer to § 15.
Verbs.
Inflexions.
The Maori verb has no true inflexions, but the Passive Voice is formed by adding a passive termination to the Active form, (§ 51), while another termination forms the verbal noun. (§ 58.)
Differences of Tense are denoted by auxiliary particles, e, ana, kua, i, ka, the same form in each case serving for all persons and numbers. Particular attention must be given to the use of the negative adverbs, which cannot be used indiscriminately, and also to the fact that, in the negative form of the Perfect, kua is changed into kia.
The Inceptive denotes a change from one state or action to another, or the commencement of a new action or condition, and may be either Past, Present, or Future; the actual time to be determined by the context. With a negative it may often be translated by “cease to.”
It must be understood that the tenses of a Maori verb indicate the condition of the action, but do not, except in the case of the Past Indefinite and the Future, connote a time relationship. The Imperfect and Perfect may have a past, present, or future reference according to the context.
E huihui ana nga tangata, Kua huihui nga tangata, E huihui ana nga tangata inanahi, Kua huihui nga tangata inanahi, Apopo e huihui ana ratou, Apopo kua huihui ratou, Ka huihui ratou inanahi, Ka huihui ratou apopo, Ka kore ahau e pupuri, Te matenga o Tohi, ka kore a Pi e hanga i te whare, Examples.
the men are assembling.the men have assembled.the men were assembling yesterday.the men had assembled yesterday.to-morrow they will be assembling.to-morrow they will have assembled.they assembled (or began to assemble) yesterday.they will assemble (or begin to assemble) to-morrow.I cease to hold.when Tohi died, Pi ceased to build the house.
Active Voice.
Indicative.
Inceptive(Past, present, or future).
Ka karanga ahau, I began (begin or shall begin) calling, or I became, etc.
Ka kore ahau e karanga, I became (become or shall become) not catting, or I ceased (cease or shall cease) calling.
Imperfect(Continuous; past, present, or future).
E karanga ana ahau, I was, am, or will be calling.
Kahore ahau e karanga ana, I was not, am not, or will not be calling.
Perfect(Completed; past, present, or future).
Kua karanga ahau, I had, have, or will have called.
Kahore ahau kia karanga, I had not, have not, or will not have called.
Past(Indefinite).
-
I karanga ahau,
I called. -
Kihai ahau i karanga,
I did not call.
Future(Indefinite).
-
E karanga ahau,
I shall call. -
E kore ahau e karanga,
I shall not call.
Future(Emphatic).
-
Tera ahau e karanga,
I shall(orwill)call. -
Tera ahau e kore e karanga,
I shall(orwill) not call.
Narrative form.
-
Karanga ana ahau,
I called.
(Not used in the negative).
Imperative.
Strong(Mandatory or Precatory).
-
Karanga!
call!E noho!sit! -
Kaua e karanga!
Do not call!
Weak(Hortatory or Deliberative).
-
Me karanga ahau,
I had better call or let me call.
Subjunctive.
Inceptive(Future).
-
Ki te mea ka karanga ahau,
If I should begin calling. -
Ki te mea ka kore ahau e karanga,
If I should not begin calling, orIf I should cease calling.
Imperfect(Continuous).
-
Mehemea (
orme) e karanga ana ahau,If I were calling. -
Mehemea (
orme) kahore ahau e karanga ana,If I were not calling.
Perfect(Completed).
-
Mehemea kua karanga ahau,
If I had called. -
Mehemea kahore ahau kia karanga,
If I had not called.
Past(Indefinite).
-
Mehemea (
orme) i karanga ahau,If I called. -
Mehemea kihai (
orme i kahore) ahau i karanga,If I did not call.
Future(Contingent).
-
Ki te karanga ahau,
If I should call. -
Ki te kore ahau e karanga,
If I should not call.
Future(Consequential).
-
Kia karanga ahau,
That I may call, orLet me call. -
Kia kaua ahau e karanga,
That I may not call.
Future(Deprecatory or Precautionary).
-
Kei karanga ahau,
Lest I should call, orLet me not call. -
Kei kore ahau e karanga,
Lest I should not call. (This negative is used only in dependent sentences).
Infinitive.
-
Karanga,
call, preceded by an article or definitive pronoun, thus: he karanga, te karanga, tana karanga, etc.
The Imperative is generally used in the second person, but in speaking of parts of the human body it will be used in the third person. (§ 62). If the verb is a word of one syllable or two, or if the command is negative, the particle e is used in the Imperative; otherwise it is not.
E noho, Whakatika, Hamama tou waha, Titiro ou kanohi, Examples.
sit down.stand up.open your mouth.open your eyes.
The translation of the Future Consequential Subjunctive with kia will depend upon whether it is used in a dependent sentence or as an entreaty.
The Future Deprecatory, with kei, used in the second person is equivalent to an Imperative.
Mehemea and me with the Subjunctive imply that the contrary to the alternative expressed is the fact: ki te mea and ki te imply simple uncertainty.
The Infinitive Active is merely the verb treated as a noun, and is always, as stated (§ 46), attended by one or other of the definitives (§ 18). It may be used with the preposition kei, making a present imperfect indicative, or with the preposition i, making a past imperfect indicative.
He aha tana? He pupuri i tou hoiho, E haere ana ia ki te mahi, Kei te pupuri ahau, I te pupuri ahau, Kei te aha ia? Kei te mahi ia, Examples.
What is his (object)? To hold your horse.he is going to work.I am holding.I was holding.What is he doing? (What is he at?).He is at work.
Uses of Subjunctive and Infinitive.
—After a word expressing (a) eagerness, desire, intention to do anything, and (b) after one signifying go, come, stay, etc., and (c) after teach, use the infinitive with the preposition ki; (d) after learn, use the infinitive with the preposition i; but (e) after a word expressing request,
command, advice, consent, or permission to another person to do anything, use the subjunctive. (f) In a clause expressing the object in view, use the subjunctive followed by the particle ai.
E hiahia ana ratou ki te haere, E noho ana ia ki te hanga i te taiepa, Na wai koe i whakaako ki te whakairo rakau? E ako ana taku tamaiti i te tuhituhi, I ki mai ia kia haere ahau, I tuku ahau i a ia kia haere, I haere mai ia inanahi kia kite ai ia i a Te Hau, Examples.
they desire to go.he is staying to make the fence.Who taught you to carve wood?my child is learning to write.he told me to go, or he said that I should go.I allowed him to go.he came yesterday in order that he might see Te Hau.
Passive Voice.
—The passive voice is formed generally by the addition of one of the following terminations to the active: -a, -ia, -hia, -kia, -mia, -ngia, -ria, -tia, -whia, -na, -nga, -ina, -hina, -kina, -rina, -whina, -hanga. Thus:—
Of these terminations Except the irregular form nga appears to be used only with verbs ending in aimeinga from mea.mia only with those ending in o or u, and ina only with those ending in a; but in all these cases other terminations also are used. For the rest it is questionable whether any rule can be formulated. Usage varies so much in different parts of the country that it appears to be a mere matter of custom, some regard being had to euphony. In a few cases the consonant of the termination represents the final consonant of the primitive root; but this fact is of no assistance to the beginner, and it will be advisable then, to learn the passive in each case with the active. Verbs which have the first syllable doubled in the active generally drop the repetition in the passive; thus pupuri becomes (not pupuritia, but) puritia. In a few of these cases the vowel is lengthened, as tāria from tatari.
The passive termination, tia, may be used with a noun, adjective, or participle to indicate a change to the thing or condition which the simple word signifies.
Ka tamahinetia, ka wahinetia ia, Aua e taparurutia te haere, Examples.
she grew to girlhood and womanhood.do not let the rate of travelling become slow.
The passive termination may also be used with a noun to denote the bringing of the subject of the sentence under the action of what is represented by the noun.
Kei pongia matou, Ka uaina ratou, Examples.
lest we be benighted.they were rained upon.
This construction may even be extended to a clause, as: Ma-te-matapihitia, let it be passed through the window, from ma te matapihi, through the window.
The Tenses of the different moods in the Passive voice are formed in the same way as in the Active, the passive form of the verb being substituted for the active —puritia for pupuri.
The Imperative Passive, unlike the Imperative Active, seldom refers to the second person, but more commonly to the first or third person, the command at the same time being addressed to the second person.
Kaua ahau e whakarerea, Puritia tenei taura! Examples.
let me not be left (by thee); i.e., do not leave me!be this rope held (by thee), i.e., hold this rope!
Transitive Prepositions, etc.
—Every transitive verb in Maori is connected with its object, or the thing acted upon, by either of the propositions i or ki; some verbs requiring one, some the other, and some again taking either. These prepositions may in some cases be translated by an English preposition; but in most cases they merely represent the connexion between the verb and its object, and may therefore be called transitive prepositions.
It is difficult to formulate a rule for the use of these prepositions, but it will be found that i is the one generally used. The more important verbs which take ki are noted in the English-Maori Vocabulary, pp. 94–119.
Every passive verb is connected with the agent by the preposition e, by.
The instrument requires the preposition ki, with.
E tiki ana ia i tetahi kai mana, E matau ana ahau ki taua tangata, I mahia e wai? Kua topea te rakau ki te toki, Examples.
he is fetching some food for himself.I know that man.by whom was it done?the tree has been felled with an axe.
Uses of Active and Passive.
—The Passive Voice is generally used when the action is emphatic rather than the agent, and therefore in the case of transitive verbs it is more frequently required than the Active Voice. But when a transitive follows an intransitive verb expressing an action consequent upon it, both verbs will be in the active voice.
I mauria e ia te kaheru, Ka haere ahau ka mau i taku toki, Examples.
the spade was taken by him, i.e., he took the spade.I will go and take my axe.
Obs. The Maori language allows of the use of an intransitive verb in the passive, but in such a case a preposition will generally have to be added in English to make the sense complete.
Noho, Kihai tera wahi i whitingia e te ra,
sit. Nohoia, be sat upon.that place was not shone upon by the sun.
Agent Emphatic.
—When special emphasis is to be laid on the agent an irregular construction is used, the preposition na being placed before the subject for past time, and ma for future. In sentences of this kind the subject, being the most emphatic member of the sentence, stands first, and the object either before or after the verb, but without any transitive preposition, the verb being in the active. This construction is not properly used with neuter verbs.
Naku i pupuri tena tangata, Ma Horo e hanga he whare mou, Examples.
or Naku tena tangata i pupuri, I detained that man, i.e., it was I who detained him.or Ma Horo he whare mou e hanga, Horo shall build a house for you.
Imperative Future.
—Another irregular construction is the formation of what may be called the Imperative Future with me, in which the verb is active in form but passive in sense. This construction is never used with a negative.
Me kawe e koe taku toki, I mahara ahau me patu tenei manu, Examples.
you shall carry my axe (or, my axe must be carried by you).I thought that this bird was to be killed.
The Causative Prefix, whaka-, may be used:—
i. With a verb, adjective or participle (§ 66), to form a verb signifying the attempt at, beginning of, or approach to the action or condition indicated by the root word.
Na ka whakawhiti a Kupe i te moana o Raukawa, a, ka whiti. Po rua a Tukutuku e whakatata ana ki a Paoa, kihai i tata, Examples.
Then Kupe set about crossing the straits of Raukawa, and crossed over.For two nights Tukutuku was trying to get near to Paoa, but did not succeed.
ii. With a noun to form an intransitive verb signifying the assumption of the character or form appropriate to the noun.
Kua whakatangata taua kukupa, Ka mea a Wairaka, Kia whakatane ake ahau, Examples.
The pigeon had assumed the form of a man.Wairaka said I must play the part of a man.
iii. With a verb, adjective, participle (§ 66), or noun to form a causative verb, generally transitive. Thus, whakamahi, cause to work; but whakakite, cause to be seen.
Ka mea nga hoa kia whakarerea nga kahu, Kia nunui nga tao, kaua e whakaririkitia, Whakamau te titiro ki te kapua rere mai, Hei konei au whakamau ai, Katahi ano a Rupe ka whakakukupa i a ia, Examples.
His companions told him to discard his clothes.Let the spears be large, don't make them small.Fix your gaze on the cloud flying hither.I will remain established here.Then Rupe made himself into a pigeon.
Of course these compounds with whaka- may, like other words, be used otherwise than as verbs.
Ka puta whakarere mai te hau, Ka nui rawa te whakama o Paoa, Examples.
The wind sprang up suddenly.Paoa's shame was very great.
Derivative Nounsare formed—
i. From transitive verbs, by prefixing kai, to denote the agent, thus:
Hanga, make. Kaihanga, maker.
ii. From verbs generally, by adding as a suffix one of the terminations, -nga, -anga, -hanga, -kanga, -manga, -ranga, -tanga, -inga, as:—
mahinga from mahi nohoanga from noho tirohanga from tiro tomokanga from tomo ngaromanga from ngaro turanga from tu puritanga from pupuri kāinga from kā
The termination suitable to any particular verb will, as in the case of the passive, have to be learned; but
A few verbs preserve an ancient verbal suffix, hi or ki; and these form the verbal noun direct from the root; as, arahi, arahanga, rumaki, rumakanga.
The noun thus formed denotes the (a) circumstance, (b) time, (c) place, or (d) matter of the action expressed by the verb. In the case of a transitive verb the noun may be used in either the active or the passive sense. (§ 22 a, b).
Mo taku patunga i tana tamaiti, I tona taenga atu, Ko te turanga tena o Horo, Tena etahi purapura hei whakatokanga mau, Examples.
on account of my striking his child.at the time of his arrival, or, when he arrived.that is the place where Horo stood.there is some seed for you to plant.
An Intransitive Compound Verb may be formed by treating a transitive verb and its object grammatically as one word, thus:
E tope rakau ana a Turi, Turi is felling trees (or tree-felling).
Interrogative Verbs.
—The interrogatives aha, what, and pehea, of what nature, may be used as verbs; aha, to ask what a person is doing, or what is being done; and pehea, to ask how a person is acting, or in what way a thing is being done. In rendering into English another word will often be needed to complete the sense.
For other interrogative sentences see § 41.
E aha ana ia? I ahatia te kuri? I peheatia e ia te waka i mānu ai? Ka pehea koe a tona taenga mai? I pehea mai ia ki tau ki? Me pehea tenei? Examples.
what is he doing?what was done to the dog?How was the canoe [treated] by him that it floated? or, How did he get the canoe afloat?How shall you [act] on his arrival?How did he [answer] what you said?How is this to be [treated]?
Verbal clauses.
—A verb, active in form but active or passive in sense, may be used, with or without an object or indirect object, to form a clause qualifying a noun.
He kararahe kai tangata, Te hoiho e here mai ra, Examples.
a man-eating beast.the horse tied yonder.
Descriptive details will sometimes be introduced by the use of he mea with a construction similar to the above.
Ko te matamata he mea tahu ki te ahi, He mea heru te mahunga, Examples.
the point having been set on fire.the head having been dressed with a comb.
In speaking of movements of different parts of the body, the member spoken of in each case is regarded as the agent, and is spoken of, or addressed, as if it were capable of independent action, the verb being, of course, intransitive.
Hamama tou mangai, Kua totoro tona ringaringa, Examples.
open your mouth.he has stretched out his hand.
Doubling the di-syllabic root of a verb gives it a frequentative force. Doubling the first syllable only often gives intensity; but sometimes it denotes reciprocal action.
Kimo, Kimokimo, Kikimo, Patu, Examples.
wink the eyes.wink frequently.keep the eyes firmly closed.strike. Papatu. strike against one another: clash.
The Verb
ai, “there is,” “it is,”etc.
Indicative.
Imperfect.
-
E ai ki tana,
orE ai tana,according to his (saying) it is, i.e.,he says. -
E ai ta wai?
Who says so?
Inceptive.
-
Ka ai he toki mana,
there is an axe for him, i.e.,he has an axe.
Subjunctive.
Imperfect.
-
Me e ai ana he toki.
if there were an axe.
Future(contingent).
-
Ki te ai he toki,
if there should be an axe.
Future(consequential).
-
Kia ai he toki,
let there be an axe, i.e.,when, or,as soon as there is an axe.
Future(deprecatory).
-
Kei ai he toki,
lest there should be an axe.
The Verb “to have” having no equivalent in Maori its place is supplied by the following expedients:
i. By the use of one of the possessive particles, to, ta. o, a, with a pronoun, noun, or proper name (§§ 6, 18); the time (past, present, or future) being gathered from the context.
He patu tāna, Kahore ā Ripi patu, Examples.
he has a weapon, or, he had a weapon.Ripi has, or, had no weapon.
ii. By the use of the prepositions kei, i, hei, respectively for present, past, and future. (§ 40, f).
Kei ahau tāu kaheru, Kāhore i ahau tāu kaheru, I a ia toku waka, Kahore i a ia te waka, Hei a Ripi te kuri, Kauaka hei a Ripi te kuri, Mehemea i a ia te taura, kua mauria e ahau, Examples.
I have your spade, or, your spade is in my possession.I have not your spade.he had my canoe.he had not the canoe.Ripi shall have the dog, or, let Ripi have the dog.let not Ripi have the dog.if he had had the rope I should have taken it.
iii. By using the verb ai (§ 64) followed by the preposition ma or mo; but this use is permissible only when the noun is preceded by the definitive he.
Ka ai he toki mana, Me e ai ana he whare mou, Examples.
he has an axe, or there is an axe for him.if you had a house, or, if there were a house for you.
iv. By using the adjective whai, which signifies possessing, the thing possessed being used as another adjective qualifying whai.
Kua whai whare ranei koe?
have you a house? (literally have you become house-possessing?)
Neuter Verbs.
There is a class of words which, for convenience, may be called participles. These are not regularly derived from verbs, as in European languages, but are of independent origin, though participial in meaning.
The most important of the participles are the following:—
ea, hemo, mahiti, mahu, mahue, mākona, marara, marū, matara, mau, mauru, motu, mutu, oti, pā, pakaru, pau, peto, poro, poto, rato, riro, rūpeke, takoki, taui, tū, ū, whara, whati, avenged, paid for.consumed.spent, exhausted.cicatrized.left behind.satisfied.scattered, separated.bruised, crushed.untied.fixed, caught.quieted.severed, broken (as cord).ended, cut short.finished, completed.struck.broken, shattered.consumed.consumed.cut short, truncated.all dealt with.provided, served.happened, obtained, gone.all dealt with, completed, assembled.sprained.sprained.wounded.established, fixed.struck.broken (as a stick).
These Participles are treated as neuter verbs, as also are adjectives, when they do not express the intrinsic or essential quality of a thing. It will be seen by the following example of the adjective ora, well, in health, that the notion of becoming, which is peculiarly characteristic of the inceptive, appears also in some of the other tenses.
The imperfect tense with e..ana is not used with participles, all of which imply a completed condition.
Indicativeare as follows:—
1.
Imperfect.
E ora ana ahau, Kahore ahau e ora ana,
I am well.I am not well.
2.
Perfect.
Kua ora ahau, Kahore ahau kia ora,
I have become well.I have not become well.
3.
Past Indefinite.
I ora ahau, Kihai ahau i ora,
I was well, or became well.I was not well.
4.
Future.
E ora ahau, E kore ahau e ora,
I shall be (or become) well.I shall not be (or become) well.
5.
Inceptive.
Ka ora ahau, Ka kore ahau e ora,
I became, or shall become well.I became, or shall become not well.
For the Subjunctive refer to § 46.
Derivative Nouns are formed from adjectives and participles by adding as a suffix, -nga, or -tanga, to denote the circumstance, time, or place of the condition expressed. Compare § 58.
Construction with Adjectives and Participles. — Adjectives and Participles, and their derivative nouns are followed by the preposition i, by (not e, which belongs only to passive verbs), to denote the agency or instrumentality by which the effect has been or is to be produced.
Kua ora ahau i tau rongoa, Ka pau tana kai i te kuri, Tona mahuetanga i a ratou [Examples.
I have become well by means of your medicine.his food is consumed by the dog.the circumstance of] his being left by them.
Explanatory Verb.
—Sometimes a verb in the infinitive mood is added to a participle, adjective, or verb by way of explanation. If the explanatory verb is active the preposition indicating the agent will be different according as the agent is placed after the participle, or after the verb. If after the participle, it will be i; if after the verb, it will be e.
Ka pau te paraoa i te kuri te kai, Kia hohoro taua te haere, Examples.
or, Ka pau te paraoa te kai e te kuri, the bread is eaten up by the dog (is consumed by edting).let us travel quickly (lit., let us be quick in travelling).
Relative Clauses.
There are no Relative Pronouns in Maori. Their place is supplied either by the position of the words forming the relative clause; or by the personal pronoun of the third person singular; or, again, by the use of certain particles.
Who, Which.
—When the relative pronoun in English is the subject of the relative clause:
i. The predicate of the relative clause may be placed immediately after the antecedent without any expressed subject, and may be followed by one of the adverbs, (a) nei, (b) na, or (c) ra; according as the thing spoken of is near, or connected with, (a) the speaker, (b) the person spoken to, or (c) neither; but if one of these adverbs is used, and the verb is imperfect, ana must be omitted.
Te tangata e hanga whare ana, Te waka i kitea e taua, Te tamaiti i korero mai ra ki a taua, Te rakau e tu ra i runga i te puke, Examples.
the man who is housebuilding.the canoe which was seen by you and me.the boy who spoke to us.the tree which stands on the hill.
ii. If the relative clause is past or future, the construction mentioned in § 55 may be used; the pronoun of the third person singular serving for all persons and numbers.
Te tangata nana nei i patu toku matua, Ko nga tangata enei nana i tahu te ngahere, Ko te tohunga koe mana e hanga te whare, Examples.
the man who killed my father.these are the men who set on fire the forest.you are the skilled man who shall build the house.
iii. If the relative pronoun has a common noun joined to it, the definitive taua (pl. aua) is used to represent it.
E tu tonu nei taua whare, I noho ra ratou ki aua wahi, Examples.
which house is still standing.which places they occupied.
Whom, or
which.
—When the relative in English is governed by a verb or by one of these prepositions: by, on, at, in, with, by-means-of, on-account-of, by-reason-of, the verb in the relative clause is followed by nei, na, ra or ai, without a preposition; and in the imperfect tense ana after the verb is omitted. Use ai with the past and future only; and with the present use nei, na, or ra, according to the position of the thing spoken of; nei, if it is near or connected with the speaker; na, if it is near or connected with the person spoken to; and ra, if it is not near or connected with either.
Te whare e hanga na koe, Te wahi e noho nei a Pomare, Te mea e raru ai ahau, Te wai i tineia ai te ahi, Examples.
the house which you are building.the place at which Pomare is now living.the thing by means of which I shall be perplexed.the water with which the fire was quenched.
When the relative is governed by the verb in the relative clause, the subject of that verb, without being expressed directly, may be implied in a possessive definitive (§ 18) placed before the antecedent.
Tau tangata i karanga ai, Taku whare e hanga nei, Examples.
the man whom you called (for Te tangata i karanga ai koe).the house which I am building.
Inverted Construction.
—In those cases in which the relative is governed by the verb in the relative clause the construction may be inverted by making the verb passive (§ 54), with the relative as its subject, as in § 72.
Te whare e hangaa na e koe, Te kakahu e whatua na e koe, I nohoia ra taua wahi e Te Ratu, Examples.
the house which is being built by you (or, the house which you are building).the garment which is being woven by you (or, the garment which you are weaving).which place was occupied by Te Ratu (or, the place which Te Ratu occupied).
Whose, for whom, etc.
—When the subject of the relative clause in English is a noun, preceded by the possessive form of the relative, use the possessive definitives tana (pl. ana), tona (pl. ona), or simply the definite article te. In other cases in which the relative in English is possessive, or when it is governed by any other preposition than those enumerated in § 73, use the personal pronouns of the third person with the requisite preposition; but when that preposition is na, or no, or ma, or mo, use the singular pronoun for all persons and numbers.
He tangata kua whati nei tona waewae, Te wahine i kahakina ra te tamaiti, Te iwi nona te whenua, Te tangata i hoatu nei e ahau ki a ia te pukapuka, Examples.
a man whose leg is broken.the woman whose child was carried off.the people whose the land is.the man to whom I gave the book.
Whosoever.
—There is no equivalent in Maori for the word “whosoever”; it must therefore always be resolved into “the man who,” “the persons who,” “if any man,” etc., but not into “he who,” or “those who.”
Te tangata he patu tana, Nga tangata e matau ana ki te whakairo rakau, Examples.
whoever has a weapon (the man who, etc.).whosoever knows how to carve wood (the men who, etc.).
Whatever in a negative sentence, is often expressed by repeating the clause with the interrogative pronoun, aha, in place of the noun, thus:—
Kahore he kai, kahore he aha, Hore he iwi, hore he aha,
there is no food whatever.there was no strength whatever.
XI.
Miscellaneous.Position of adverbs.
—With the exceptions mentioned below, an adverb will always follow the word it is qualifying. If the word qualified be a verb in the Imperfect or Narrative Form the adverb mai may stand before or after the particle ana, but any other adverb must be placed before ana.
The following:—ata, gently, quite; mātua, first; and tino, very; are exceptions to the general rule, and always stand before the qualified words. A clause containing the adverb mātua is followed by the inceptive with ai.
He tangata tino pai, Kia matua kitea te toki, ka haere ai koe ki te ngahere, He kino rawa tena, Kihai i ata oti te mahi, Examples.
a very good man.first let the axe be found, and then go to the wood.that is very bad.the work was not quite finished.
Added Termination.
—Adverbs other than those specified in § 79, or adjectives used adverbially, which have reference to the manner, intensity, etc., of an action which they qualify, have the passive termination -tia added to them when used with passive verbs, and the termination -tanga when used with derivative nouns, which denote the time, place, or circumstance of an action or condition. (§ 51, 58).
I kainga otatia nga kumara, Mo tana patunga pukutanga i a au, Examples.
the kumara were eaten raw.on account of his secretly striking me.
Adverbs indicating direction.
—The words atu and mai are correlative. Atu generally denotes direction or motion away from the speaker (a); and mai, direction or motion towards the speaker (b). They may also denote the relative position of persons or objects, regarded as being opposite to, or over against one another (c). Ake denotes direction or motion towards some place connected with the speaker, but not where he is at the time of speaking (d). Ake and iho are also correlative, ake meaning “from below” or “upwards”; and iho meaning “from above” or “downwards.” When persons or objects are thus relatively situated, ake always qualifies the action or condition of that which is in the inferior position in respect of that which is in the superior position (e); and iho qualifies the action or condition of the superior in respect of the inferior (f).
I hoki atu a Kupe i konei ki Hawaiki, Ka rere mai a Tainui, ka u ki Kawhia, I a ia e haere atu ana, ka kitea mai e ona tungane, Noho atu ana tetahi, noho mai ana tetahi, i tetahi taha, i tetahi taha o ta raua ahi, Tikina atu te kowhatu e takoto mai ra, I tutaki maua ki a Rua e haere ake ana ki Maketu, and ( Ka mea iho a Whakaturia, Ka mea ake ratou o te whare, Ka mea iho taua maia ra. Examples.
Kupe returned hence to Hawaiki.Tainui (the canoe) sailed hither and arrived at Kawhia.as she was going she was seen by her brothers.They sat opposite one another on either side of their fire.Fetch the stone which lies yonder.We met Rua going towards Maketu.f) When Whakaturia was captured by Uenuku's people and fastened under the ridgepole of their house, the conversation between them is thus described:—
Whakaturia said, E koutou e haka ake nei, whakarongo ake koutou katoa, You who are dancing down there, listen all of you.Those of the house replied, E koe e iri iho nei, korero iho ra. You who hang up there, speak on.Then our hero replied. Ina koa ko tau tu haka te kino e rongo iho nei au. Really, the poorness of that haka of yours which I hear.
When, as an interrogative, is commonly expressed by no nahea or i nahea for past time, and a hea for future. To mark the time of occurrence, the prepositions no and i are used for past time, and a and hei for future. (§ 15.)
No nahea ia i tae mai ai? A hea koe haere ai? No toku kitenga i a ia ka homai e ia te toki ki ahua, I taku korerotanga atu ki a ia inanahi kihai i ki mai tona waha, Ka rokohanga ano a Heke ki reira a tou taenga atu, Hei te hokinga atu o Tareha ka haere mai ai koe, Examples.
When did he arrive?When shall you go?When I saw (At the time of my seeing) him, he gave the axe to me.When I spoke to him yesterday he said nothing.Heke will be found there when you arrive there.When Tareha returns you shall come.
As soon as is expressed by an elliptical use of the verb with one of the adverbs tonu or kau for past time, and by the subjunctive with kia for future.
Tae tonu atu matou ki reira ka timata te korero, Rangona kautia mai ahau e karanga ana, ka oma katoa ratou, Kia oti te whare ka noho ai ia ki roto, Examples.
As soon as we arrived there the speaking began.As soon as I was heard calling they all ran away.As soon as the house is finished he shall live in it.
Why, as an interrogative, is expressed by he aha or by na te aha, the verb being followed by ai. He aha is generally used as in reference to a purpose or object in view (a); na te aha in reference to an antecedent cause (b). The construction with he aha may be varied by using an infinitive with a possessive pronoun, in this case the reference is usually to the cause not to the purpose (c).
The reason why is expressed by the use of take followed by a relative clause with ai, (§ 73) (d).
Why is also frequently rendered by paraphrase, by the use of the expression he aha te take, with a relative clause as above (e).
He aha a Turi i haere ai ki Taupo? He tiki i tana tamaiti. Na te aha ia i kore ai e tutuki ki Waiapu? Na te waipuke. He aha tau e kata, Ko te take tena i kore ai ia e haere, He aha te take i haere ai ia? Examples.
Why did Turi go to Taupo? To fetch his child.Why did he not reach Waiapu? Because of the flood.or He aha to kata? Why are you laughing?That is the reason why he did not go.Why did he go?
Because is generally expressed by ta te mea or no te mea, but if the reference is to an antecedent moving cause the preposition na may be used followed by a relative clause (§ 73).
E kore ahau e riri ki a koe, ta te mea e aroha ana ahau ki a koe, Ka riri a Huakatoa, no te mea i rukea e ratou nga kai, Na te kino hoki i mahue ai te whenua, Na reira i tika ai ta ratou heke mai, Examples.
I will not be angry with you, because I love you.Huakatoa was angry because they threw away the food.Because of its badness the land was abandoned.On that account they departed forthwith.
The purpose of an action may be rendered by he mea.
He kai makutu ana kai, koia i karangatia ai a Tamure ki te kai he mea kia mate. Example.
His food was bewitched; therefore Tamure was called to eat in order that he might die.
And is expressed by the following different words or methods:
i. a, used to connect consecutive actions or circumstances, with the notion of the lapse of time.
Hoe ana mai ratou, a ka u ki Mokau,
They rowed hither, and landed at Mokau.
a may often be translated by “and at length,” or “until.”
I kainga nga ika a pau noa,
The fish were eaten until they were quite consumed.
ii. me, properly a preposition signifying “with,” and denoting concomitancy. (§ 15).
Kei reira te waka me te hoe,
The canoe is there and the paddle.
iii. ma, used only with numerals. (§ 28).
-
E rua tekau ma waru,
Twenty-eight.
iv. hoki, introducing something additional, often to be rendered by “also,” or “too,” and placed always after the first important word in the sentence.
-
I patua nga tangata, i tahuna
hokinga whare ki te ahi,The men were killed, and the houses were burnt with fire.
v. To connect the names of persons the personal pronouns are used with ko. For examples see § 12.
vi. When, however, two or more immediately consecutive actions are expressed by verbs in the same tense, or when two or more nouns are governed by the same preposition, they should follow one another in Maori without any conjunction, the preposition in the latter case being repeated before each noun.
Ka haere ia, ka kite i te tamaiti, ka arahi mai ki roto ki te whare, I whakatokia te mara ki te uwhi, ki te taro, ki te kumara, Examples.
He went and found the child and led it into the house.The field was planted with yam, taro, and kumara.
PartII.
Progressive Exercises.
The following exercises are arranged progressively to illustrate the sections in Part I. When any new matter is introduced into an exercise, the section bearing upon the same will, as a rule, be indicated in the heading. The student is recommended to study the first five chapters, at least, before attempting any of the exercises, and each of the remaining chapters before doing any of the exercises upon it.
§§ 4, 5, 6, 17, 18.
I.
Exercises.I.
1. He ika. 2. Tana kuri. 3. Ehea whare? 4. Ta raua pukapuka. 5. Nga tamariki a wai? 6. A wai kupenga? 7. Etahi kuri. 8. Tona waewae. 9. To wai kanohi? 10. Nga taringa o Turi. 11. Ona ringaringa. 12. Taua whare. 13. To taua pāpā. 14. A raua tamariki. 15. Ona mātua. 16. Taua wahine. 17. Ona tuāhine. 18. Nga tēina o Kuiwai.
1. A bird. 2. This bird. 3. My dog. 4. That fish. 5. Which house? 6. Their house. 7. Whose house? 8. Kurei's house. 9. The houses. 10. Those fishes. 11. Some men. 12. Their feet. 13. His ears. 14. Your eyes. 15. The dogs. 16. Their sisters. 17. Our children. 18. Her elder sister.
II.
§§ 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16.
1. Nga tangata i roto i te whare. 2. He kai ma Heke ma. 3. Te kuwaha o te whare o Rupe. 4. He hua no nga rakau o reira. 5. Nga tamariki a Turi ma. 6. Mo tona tungane. 7. Ki te tuakana o Manaia. 8. Na te teina o taua wahine. 9. Tenei o o raua whare. 10. He pukapuka ma Pomare ma. 11. A runga o te whare o wai ma? 12. Ki to maua kainga. 13. He wai no roto i te ipu. 14. No to taua kainga. 15. Te whare o Paikea i tatahi.
1. For him and me. 2. To you and me. 3. Belonging to them. 4. From whose house? 5. On the other side of the river. 6. A man from that place. 7. Children on the top of the hill. 8. Some fish for Titore. 9. Men from Rupe's village. 10. Your letter to Ruatapu. 11. A house for Turi and his companions. 12. Whose (pl.) hats? 13. The village on the other side of the hill. 14. A man from inland. 15. The name of the sister of that man.
III.
§§ 10 to 13, 19 to 22.
1. He kai ma tana tama, ma Kurei. 2. Etahi pukapuka ma tona tuakana, ma te wahine a Turi. 3. Taua toki a te tama a Tuau. 4. Taua māra a to taua pāpā. 5. He tangata no hea? 6. He kakahu no roto i (out of) te whare o Turi ratou ko Rupe ma. 7. He potae mo tenei, mo tenei o nga tamariki o te kura. 8. He kowhatu no roto i te awa. 9. He kakahu no te wahine a Manaia, no Kuiwai. 10. He kupu ki a Te Hati raua ko Hongi.
1. A house belonging to me. 2. Houses for you and Turi and Rupe. 3. To his father and his mother. 4. Canoes from Tauranga, Maketu, and Whakatane. 5. Those dogs of yours. 6. A house for Turi and his father. Rewa. 7. A letter to one of you. 8. The men and the dogs within yonder fence. 9. That house on the side of the hill. 10. These potatoes as (to be, § 15) food for your pigs. 11. The door of a house belonging to me. 12. Food for pigeons. 13. Clothes for this child of mine.
IV.
§§ 23 to 27.
1. Nga rau o te mea roa rawa o aua rakau. 2. Te nui o to Maui whare hou. 3. He tangata roroa no te kainga o Tane. 4. Te koi o te mata o te toki hou a Tiki. 5. Te mataaho o tera whare raupo. 6. He wai maori mo tona tungane, mo Ware. 7. Nga kowhatu nunui i raro i to taua waka. 8. Te tunga o te whare o Toi i tawahi o te awa. 9. Kei runga i te tuanui o to korua whare ko te tama a Te Horo. 10. Te mataaho o ia whare, o ia whare. 11. He kai ma tetahi o raua. 12. He waka rahi rawa i to Paikea.
1. The name of that good man. 2. The best of those raupo houses. 3. These tall trees in the forest. 4. The strong men of the canoes of Turi and Kupe. 5. Ngata's strong new rope. 6. A heavier stone than that [near you]. 7. The largest mat in my stone house. 8. The fence between the gardens of Taiwhanga and Rangi. 9. The swiftness of the canoes of Ripi and his companions. 10. The length of each of those canoes.
V.
§§ 28 to 33.
1. Nga rakau roroa e rua tekau ma wha. 2. Te rima o era toki nunui i nga kakau roroa. 3. Nga whare pai e toru mo koutou ko Turi, ko Ripi. 4. Etahi pukapuka e rima ma maua ko Kupe. 5. Te mea roa rawa o aua rakau e rima. 6. Nga tangata tokorima i roto i te whare nui o Turu. 7. Te nui o enei whare e wha tekau ma rua. 8. I te toru o nga haora o to ratou haerenga ki Te Kao. 9. He pukapuka ma ana tamariki tokowha, takirua ma tenei, ma tenei. 10. Te ra tuatahi o tona nohoanga ki tenei kainga.
1. Those three small canoes for Turi, Kupe and you. 2. The five large books in your new house. 3. Six new books out of his stone house. 4. The best of those sixteen sharp axes. 5. In the open gateway of their old pa. 6. The depth of this well. 7. The height of those
VI.
§§ 34 to 39.
1. He rakau nunui era. 2. Ma tana tamaiti enei pukapuka. 3. Na Tuau te toki i te kakau poto. 4. Kei ko nga pukapuka e wha ma maua. 5. Kei roto i te whare te toki nui. 6. He nui te whare o Taha. 7. He whare nui to korua. 8. No raua ko Turi tena whare kowhatu. 9. Ko te ara tena ki Rotorua. 10. No taua ngahere era rakau. 11. Kei a Turi to taua waka. 12. Ko wai te tangata i te potae ma? 13. No konei a Paku. 14. No Tauranga a Tupaea. 15. Ma koutou ko Turi, ko Heke ma, ena toki kotahi tekau ma tahi. 16. Ma Tuau ratou ko Ripi, ko Kupe era. 17. Hei runga i te moenga nga kakahu.
1. This is a stone. 2. That is my dog. 3. Those are tall trees. 4. That house is yours. 5. Theirs is a good canoe. 6. The name of his child is Rangi. 7. Those children are Turi's. 8. Those three new houses are Turi's, Rewa's, and mine. 9. The best of those five axes is for him. 10. The large house is mine. 11. Mine is a large house. 12. My house is large.
VII.
§ 40.
1. Ko te whare tera o to matou rangatira nui rawa. 2. He whare tera no to matou matua. 3. Ehara i a Turi tena whare. 4. Kahore i reira te whare o tou matua. 5. Ehara tena i te huarahi ki Tauranga. 6. Kei a Titore ta korua kuri. 7. He pukapuka pai tena nau. 8. Ehara i te ma taku kuri. 9. Kahore i a Piri nga kakahu hou o te tamaiti a Kuiwai. 10. Na tana tama, na Paerau ena manu. 11. Ma to raua tuahine, ma Paku nga parera nunui. 12. Hei roto tatou i te whare, kauaka hei waho. 13. Ehara to Turi i te waka tere. 14. Ehara i te mea māu te kuri i te waero roa.
1. Te Kani was a great chief. 2. There are many chiefs (the chiefs are many, § 30) in this country. 3. Turi was a friend of Kupe's. 4. This is not the house. 5. Your house is not inside my fence. 6. Which of these is your house? 7. Which of those three houses is yours? 8. Mine is not an old canoe. 9. This fence is good. 10. That house is not large. 11. Your books are not here. 12. This letter is not for you. 13. Your books are in the possession of Hata's brother. 14. Your birds were in the house yesterday. 15. This gun is not his.
VIII.
§§ 41, 42.
1. Na wai ena pukapuka e rua? 2. Ehara ranei i a Tara tera kuri? 3. Kahore ranei he whare i te taha o taua awa? 4. Kei hea te taura o tenei waka? 5. Ko wai te ingoa o te tamaiti a Horo? 6. Ko tehea te whare o Kaihau? 7. Ko tehea o enei whare to Kupe? 8. He tungane ranei a Turi no Hineko? 9. Ma te tuakana ranei o Hineko, ma Hera ena manu? 10. He tuakana a Paerau noku. 11. Ehara a Paerau i te tuakana noku. 12. Ehara i te mea ko Paerau toku tuakana. 13. Ehara ranei a Paerau i te tuakana nona? 14. Ko hea tera kainga? 15. Ko wai te ingoa o ta raua tamahine?
1. For whom are those two canoes? 2. Are those two canoes for Kuiwai and her son Horo? 3. Whose is that dog? 4. Does that dog belong to Paerau's brother? 5. Where is the paddle of your new canoe? 6. Was not the paddle of your new canoe here yesterday? 7. Who is that? 8. What is his name? 9. Is that Kuiwai's father? 10. Is his name Titore? 11. Which of these is your house? 12. Which of these three houses is yours? 13. Where was Heke yesterday? 14. Will he be at Tauranga to-morrow? 15. Was he not here yesterday? 16. Is he not at Maketu now? 17. Are there no children in that house? 18. What is [the name of] that mountain?
IX.
§ 42.
1. Tokohia nga tangata kei roto i to korua whare? 2. I hea a Tara raua ko Rua i te Manei? 3. Hei konei ranei raua apopo? 4. Hei Turanga raua a te Turei. 5. Kahore ranei tau kuri i konei inanahi? 6. Kahore ranei a Tara i roto i tona whare inapo? 7. Ehara tena i te hua no tenei rakau. 8. Ehara ranei tera i to Tara whare? 9. Ehara ranei i te mea mo Hou tenei whare? 10. I Te Puke te hoa o Paikea i te ata. 11. Ehara i te pango nga kuri a te tuahine o Kupe. 12. He manu tere ranei te kāhu? 13. He kaha ranei te hau inanahi? 14. Nau ranei tena pukapuka? 15. He pukapuka tenei naku.
1. Where are Turi and Kupe? 2. Turi was here yesterday. 3. Kupe will be here to-morrow. 4. Where was Turi on Saturday? 5. Kupe is there [by you]. 6. How many men are there with you? 7. Here (Tenei) are the nine men. 8. Were they there [near you] on Wednesday? 9. Those men were not sick last night. 10. There were many men (The men were many) on that ship. 11. The fish in the net are few. 12. There is much water in the river (The water of the river is much) to-day. 13. Who will be a guide for me to Taupo? 14. Was there no man to be a companion for Tuau? 15. Where is the man with the greenstone mere?
X.
1. I konei ranei tou teina i te ata nei? 2. Kahore ia i konei i te Manei. 3. Kei raro i te whare ta korua kuri. 4. He rahi atu ta raua kuri i ta korua. 5. He kaha rawa atu taku i tau. 6. No hea era tangata i te kiri whero? 7. Ehara i te roa nga rau o taua rakau. 8. He waka ranei tena no te tama a tou tuahine? 9. Kei ko tau pukapuka, kei roto i te whare. 10. He kawa te wai o tenei awa, ehara i te wai maori. 11. Ehara ranei te waka a Tuau i te mea roa atu i to Kupe? 12. Kahore i konei te tamaiti a tou taokete. 13. Ehara tenei i te kuri a Tara. 14. He kuri ranei tenei na Tara? 15. He pango taua kuri a Tara.
1. My book was in your possession yesterday. 2. Let there be food for us two at Turi's house. 3. Are not those fifteen books in the corner of the house? 4. There is no water for you here. 5. Was there no house on the bank of the river? 6. There is a great crop of kumara (he nui te kumara) in Titore's garden. 7. Were there many children in the forest this morning? 8. The stones in the bed of this river are very large. 9. Are there not some large trees in the bed of that river? 10. Tara's dog is not much larger than a large rat. 11. This dog is heavier (the weight is greater) than twelve rats.
XI.
§§ 43 to 45.
1. E noho ana te tamaiti a Kuiwai i te taha o te ahi. 2. I tu a Paerau ki te taha o te roto. 3. Kua tae a Paikea ma runga i te waka ki Hawaiki. 4. Akuanei ka totohu te waka; he taimaha rawa te utanga. 5. Kua piki ake a Tawhaki ki te tihi o te maunga. 6. Kihai a Pahiko i tae ki Hawaiki. 7. Tera e rere te waka o Turi ki Aotea. 8. E whakato ana a Kupe ma i a ratou kumara inanahi. 9. He u tena pou; e kore e hinga. 10. Kahore ano (not yet) ranei kia tupu nga rau o tena rakau? 11. E moe ranei koutou ki Whangara? 12. Ka haere tonu matou; e kore e moe ki reira. 13. Ka haere matou a te raumati ki Paroa.
1. Turi is looking for his dog. 2. Those four men were resting on the hill. 3. Kupe and Tara did not go to Taupo this morning. 4. Turi has arrived at Aotea. 5. Kumara will not grow at Otakou; there is too much (nui rawa) frost there. 6. Titore and his companions will return to-morrow. 7. Kae did not fall off the ladder. 8. You will fall presently in that slippery place. 9. Will Tara's son go to Otaki on Thursday? 10. The tide is flowing now; our canoe will float at noon. 11. The fuel is very wet; the fire will not burn. 12. We will go to Taupo the day after to-morrow.
XII.
§§ 46 to 50.
1. Ki te haere ahau ki Rotorua, ka tohe ahau kia haere mai a Turu. 2. Mehemea kua hinga taua rakau, kua kati te huarahi. 3. Kaua e tomo ki roto ki te whare kei riri a Tara. 4. Mehemea kihai ia i hoki mai kua wareware ahau. 5. Ki te kore koe e whakaatu ki ahau, e kore ahau e matau. 6. E kite koia te tauhou i te huarahi ki te kore (if there should not be) he kai-arahi? 7. Mehemea kahore ahau e noho ana i konei, kahore he tangata hei hoa mou. 8. Kaua e haere i te wahi mania kei hinga koe. 9. Kia tupato kei pakaru te tahā. 10. Kei te huihui nga tangata ki roto ki te whare.
1. If Rua should come to-morrow I shall go to Kawhia. 2. He is very urgent (he nui tana tohe) that you should go to him. 3. If he had not been there, the thieves would have entered his house. 4. Go into my garden to work. 5. He consented to go lest I should not go. 6. If he were staying here his father would have come to fetch him. 7. Pou is eager to go to the other side of the river. 8. If his sister should cease to live here he will not stay. 9. Paerau is at work on his house.
XIII.
§§ 51, 52, 53.
1. I kitea e wai tenei motu? 2. E hanga ana a Turi i te whare mo Tara ma. 3. I tikina e wai a Titore kia haere ki Paroa? 4. Tikina etahi hoa mo taua hei hapai i tenei rakau. 5. Ki te kore e kitea he waka moku ka haere ahau ma uta. 6. Kua timu ranei te tai inaianei? 7. Kihai ranei a Turu i kitea e Pomare? 8. I topea e aua tangata ki te toki nga rakau katoa o tenei ngahere. 9. Kahore ano ranei kia taona he kai ma a tatou manuhiri? 10. Kei te tahutahu a Paikea i tana waerenga. 11. I te mea e tahu ana koe i tau waerenga, kia tupato kei tahuna e koe te whare.
1. Turi wishes to stay at Rotorua to finish his house. 2. This house was not built by Turi for Horo last year. 3. If Paerau should not come to-morrow I will go to
he tangata) there to give you food? 7. Is there any one here who knows the name of this tree? 8. Did you see that bird sitting on the tree? 9. Who taught you to read?
XIV.
§§ 54 to 63.
1. Tokorua nga wahine kei roto i te whare e whatu ana i te kakahu. 2. I tahuna e Tara te whare o Hou ki te ahi. 3. Ma Turi e whakaatu te huarahi ki a korua. 4. I kauhoetia tena awa e Titore. 5. Na Nope i tiki a Porou i Waiapu. 6. Kua tae mai a Turu hei kaiwhakaako mo nga tamariki o tenei kainga. 7. Me tuku e koe akuanei he karere ki a Tareha. 8. He tohunga a Te Keteiwi ki te whakairo waka. 9. I te mutunga o tana korero ka paki-paki nga ringaringa o nga kaiwhakarongo (§58). 10.I peheatia e Rua te whakaoranga o tana kotiro i te tahuri-tanga o te waka? 11. I ahatia e Rata nga kaikohuru (§ 58) o tona matua? 12. Totoro mai tou ringaringa, miria hoki toku rae. 13. Ki te haere mai a Turi a te Turei, ma Pare koe e tiki, kei kore koe e kite i a ia.
1. Those two men are in the garden planting trees. 2. That tree was split with an axe. 3. Pare shall lead you to Turi's village. 4. That dog was brought by Turi from Aotea. 5. Tareha built a pa for himself at Waiohiki. 6. Who was the builder of those houses of yours? 7. In which part of the garden must these seeds be sown? 8. Who taught you to catch fish in a net? 9. When he stretched out his hand all his companions stood up. 10. How shall Turi return to his island? 11. What will you do when Tara arrives? 12. Open your mouth and put out your tongue. 13. Pull up the anchor of our canoe. 14. If Turi had been here yesterday Pare would have fetched you that you might see him.
XV.
§§ 64, 65.
1. Ka tae mai nei koe (now that you are come) ka ai he kaiarahi mo maua ki Omahu. 2. Me e ai ana he waka mona kua eke atu a Tara, kua rere ki Motiti. 3. Kahore he kaheru a Tiki hei ngaki i nga taru o tana mara. 4. Kihai raua i whai wahi hei tunga whare. 5. Kei a wai te waka o Ripi inaianei? 6. Me tatari koe kia tae mai a Turi kia ai ai he hoa mou mo tou haere ki Opou. 7. Mehemea kua whai kupenga raua kihai raua i mate i te kai-kore. 8. Ki te mate a Titore hei a wai ona whenua? 9. Kahore ranei i a Turi te taura o te punga o tona waka?
1. When you come to-morrow I shall have a companion for my journey to Taupo. 2. Should there be a canoe for us we shall cross to the other side. 3. Let not Hou have your axe lest the handle should be broken. 4. If Pare had not had a companion on Tuesday he would not have come. 5. Had not Turi your books the day before yesterday? 6. Had he no books when he came last week? 7. When I go to Raratonga Pare shall have my house. 8. If they had not had a net they would have had no food.
XVI.
§§ 66 to 70.
1. Kua mahue a Pare i ona hoa ki Taupo. 2. Kua oti ranei i a Ripi ma te whare o Pare? 3. Na wai i korero ki a koe te weranga o te whare o Rupe? 4. Ka pau i te manu nga hua o au rakau. 5. I te taenga atu o Turi ki tona whare kua poto nga taonga i a Pare te kawe ki waho. 6. Apopo ka oti te taurapa o te waka te whakairo e Whata. 7. Meake ka rupeke nga tangata ki roto ki te whare. 8. He nui te riri o Turi mo te pakarutanga o ana tahā i a Ripi ma. 9. Ka tae a Turi i ahau apopo te arahi ki Maketu.
1. Turi was not overtaken by Pare at Taupo. 2. The rope was cut in two (severed by cutting) by Kupe with an axe. 3. The fruit of those trees was not eaten up by birds. 4. Some of Turi's property has been taken by thieves. 5. Ripi will finish thatching Turi's house (Turi's house will be finished thatching by Ripi) to-morrow. 6. When Turi's house at Motiti is finished (let it be finished) he will live in it. 7. When Turi's house was finished he did not live in it. 8. If Pare's canoe had not been taken away by the flood he would have put you across [the river].
XVII.
§§ 71, 72.
1. He tangata tenei e haere ana ki Taupo apopo. 2. Ka tae ki hea te waka i rere mai nei i Tauranga i te Turei? 3. He nui te riri o Turi ki te tangata e hanga ra i tona whare. 4. No wai te whare ka oti ra te tapatu? 5. Ko te whare tera o Turi e tu mai ra i tawahi o te awa. 6. Ko Tara te tangata nana nei i hua nga ingoa o enei whenua. 7. Ehara i a Titore nana i tahu te waka. 8. I peke matou ki Opoutama, i ungia ra taua wahi i mua e Tupaea. 9. Ko Hineko te wahine mana e raranga he takapau mou. 10. Ko Ripi raua ko Pou nga tangata nana i to te waka ki tatahi.
1. Kupe, who met me on the beach yesterday, went to Wairoa this morning. 2. Which is the canoe which is sailing to Motiti? 3. Who is the woman who is sitting at the front of the house? 4. Taeo has left off reading the book which you gave him. 5. That tree which has been sawn up is from the other side of the river. 6. Was Tara the man who built the pa on that island? 7. Tuau is not the boy who fetched your canoe. 8. They came by (upon) the Arawa [canoe], which canoe was burnt by Raumati. 9. Who are the men who are to drag the canoe to the water?
XVIII.
§§ 73, 74, 75.
1. Mo wai te kakahu e whatu nei te wahine a Turi? 2. Ko Horouta te waka i kawea mai ai te kumara i Hawaiki. 3. Ko Rotorua te moana i kauhoe ra a Hinemoa. 4. Ko te ara ranei tera e haere mai ai a Turi? 5. Ko tehea o enei taitama tau e whiriwhiri ai hei hoa mou? 6. Ma Rewa ranei āu ika e kawe na? 7. Ko a Tara tangata enei i arahi mai ai i Taupo inanahi. 8. Ko to Kupe waka tera i rere mai ai i Hawaiki. 9. Ko te take tera i kore ai a Titore e haere ki Taupo.
1. The canoe which Kurei is carving is from Te Whakaki. 2. Turi has the spear with which Paikea was wounded. 3. The house in which Pare slept last night belongs to Ripi. 4. What is the place at which we shall meet Titore to-morrow? 5. That is not the matter on account of which I came to see you. 6. These are the words which I came to say to you. 7. This is not the hill from which we saw Turi's canoe sailing away. 8. The ship was not a large one in which Tupaea came to Aotearoa. 9. Kura is from Opou, from the place in which Turangi lived formerly.
XIX.
§§ 76, 77, 78.
1. Kua u ki uta i a Paikea te tangata i kawea mai nei e Ripi he waka mona. 2. He nunui nga kaipuke i eke ai ratou kia rere ai ratou ki Ingarani. 3. Kei Kereru a Tareha ma, he mahinga kai a reira i mua na Tara. 4. Te tangata e mataku ana, me hoki ki te kainga. 5. Ko wai te tangata i marū ra tona waewae inanahi i te poro rakau? 6. Kua mate a Ripi, he whare nei nona i wera i te ahi i te Turei. 7. Ko wai te tangata i hurihia ra tana mara e te waipuke i te mea kahore ano kia hauhakea nga kai? 8. Kei Taupo te wahine i ki mai ra koe kia hoatu ki a ia te pukapuka. 9. I to ratou taenga ki te ngahere, kahore he manu i kitea e ratou, kahore he aha.
1. The man whose father died on Friday went to Wairoa yesterday. 2. Turi is going to Taupo to see the boy whose ankle was sprained. 3. The man for whom Horo made the canoe will come to-morrow. 4. Rua met Maru at Reporua, from which place Pahiko's canoe sailed long ago. 5. Tell the man to come to-morrow to whom you and I gave the canoe. 6. The tree by which your foot was crushed was cut down by Rata. 7. Whoever is not willing to work must go away. 8. Who is the man for whom the house was built by Tua? 9. When they entered the pa there were no men whatever in it.
XX.
§§ 79, 80.
1. Kotahi tekau ma rima nga tangata i hopukia oratia e ratou. 2. I tahuna matatia tana waerenga, kihai nga rakau i pau i te ahi. 3. Kia ata haere tatou kei tae wawe i te mea kahore ano kia rupeke nga tangata o te kainga. 4. Kihai a Ruku ma i whakahokia ki uta, i kahakina ketia ki Tokerau. 5. I mauria wawetia mai ranei e Horo nga taro me nga kumara mo te hakari? 6. I patua katoatia e Tu ona tuakana. 7. I mauria matetia atu te matua o Tawhaki. 8. I te aonga kautanga o te ra ka haere ia. 9. Kia tino mimiti te waipuke ka haere ai taua.
1. The man who lifted that stone was very strong. 2. The house was well built by Maui. 3. First catch the pig, then kill it, then cook it. 4. The men of Mokoia suffered greatly owing to their food being quite consumed. 5. Heuheu and his people were buried alive by a landslip. 6. He told Pou privately of the death of Tiki. 7. He will not go away until your debts are all paid. 8. My child was beaten by him without cause. 9. Kupe did not see his enemy at once.
XXI.
§ 81.
1. I rere atu te kaipuke o Tupaea i konei, kihai i hoki mai. 2 E hoki ana ahau aianei ki Tokomaru, me haere ake koe ki reira apopo. 3. I te ngahorotanga iho o nga
1. Tama said to Ngatoro, “Come on board my canoe.” 2. It was Tuau and I who told Turi of Manaia's arrival. 3. Who is that who is shouting to us from the top of the house? 4. Kuiwai was looking up at the man who was sitting on the hill. 5. I am going to Oringi to-day, and I wish you to write me a letter next week. 6. Did you meet Rua going to Maketu on Wednesday? 7. Paerau was looking from above at the children playing on the beach. 8. Who called Putu that he came to-day?
XXII.
§§ 82, 83.
1. No toku taenga ki Turanga i kite ai ahau i a Kere. 2. He mate ia i toku taenga mai, otira kihai i maha nga ra kua ora. 3. Kia hoki mai ia i Tapui ka matau ai ahau ki tona haere i a koe, ki tona kore ranei e haere. 4. A hea timataia ai e Turi te hanga i te whare mo Peta? 5. Kite kau raua i a Paoa, kua mohio raua he rangatira ia. 6. Hei te mutunga o ta korua mahi me haere korua ki Omaha. 7. Kia whiti ahau ki tawahi o te awa ka kite ai ahau i a Heke.
1. When shall you return to Waipu? 2. I shall return as soon as Hata has brought my letters. 3. When I came from Taupo Paka was living here. 4. Heke met Turi on the road as he was returning from Te Wairoa. 5. While he was speaking to Paerau Tara came to fetch him. 6. As soon as Ripi arrives Tara will go to Te Wairoa. 7. When did Heke return from Titirangi? 8. When Tuau comes you had better return home. 9. When the rain ceased we went to Waimate. 10. As soon as Titore saw Ripi he gave him your letter.
XXIII.
§§ 84, 85.
1. He aha to koutou waka i rere ai ki Motiti inanahi? 2. Na te aha nga tupuna o te tangata Maori i heke mai ai i Hawaiki? 3. Na te pakanga ratou i heke mai ai. 4. He aha koe i kore ai e haere ake ki to matou kāinga i te Ratapu? 5. No te Turei matou i whakatika mai ai i Taupo, a moe ana ki Rangitaiki. 6. I te aonga ake ka haere mai ano, a ka moe ki Tarawera. 7. He aha te take i noho ai a Ripi ratou ko Tuau ma ki Tarawera? 8. I mahue i a ratou ki runga ki te waka te kupenga, me nga aho, me nga matau. 9. Ka haere a Tara, ka kau i te awa, ka oma ki roto ki te ngahere.
1. Why did Titore send Horo to Omaha? 2. What was the reason why Tuau was left at Taupo? 3. The houses and the canoes were burnt with fire. 4. Why were Paerau and Kupe [so] long coming from Wairoa? 5. It was because of the flood that they did not come. 6. As Reko and Tupe went to Wahi they turned aside to Papakura and Tuakau and Rangiriri, and the third day they arrived at Wahi. 7. It was owing to Ripi that we arrived [so] soon. 8. He came as our guide and did not leave us until we arrived (a tae noa mai matou) here.
Key to the Exercises
I.
1. A fish. 2. His dog. 3. Which houses? 4. Their book. 5. Whose children? 6. Whose nets? 7. Some dogs. 8. His foot. 9. Whose face? 10. Turi's ears. 11. Her hands. 12. That house. 13. Yours and my father. 14. Their children. 15. His parents. 16. That woman. 17. His sisters. 18. Kuiwai's younger sisters.
1. He manu. 2. Tenei manu. 3. Taku kuri. 4. Taua ika. 5. Tehea whare? 6. To ratou whare. 7. To wai whare? 8. Te whare o Kurei. 9. Nga whare. 10. Era ika. 11. Etahi tangata. 12. O ratou waewae. 13. Ona taringa. 14. Ou kanohi. 15. Nga kuri. 16. O ratou tuahine. 17. A taua tamariki. 18. Tona tuakana.
II.
1. The men in the house. 2. (Some) food for Heke and his companions. 3. The doorway of Rupe's house. 4. Fruit of the trees of that place. 5. The children of Turi and his companions. 6. For her brother. 7. To Manaia's elder brother. 8. Belonging to that woman's younger sister. 9. This one of their houses. 10. (Some) books for Pomare and his companions. 11. The top of whose (pl.) house? 12. To his and my dwelling-place. 13. Water out of the bottle. 14. From yours and my dwelling-place. 15. Paikea's house by the seaside.
1. Ma maua. 2. Ki a taua. 3. No ratou. 4. No to wai whare? 5. Kei tawahi o te awa. 6. He tangata no reira. 7. He tamariki i runga i te puke. 8. He ika ma Titore. 9. He tangata no te kāinga o Rupe. 10. Tau pukapuka ki a Ruatapu. 11. He whare mo Turi ma. 12. Nga potae o wai ma? 13. Te kāinga i tua o te puke. 14. He tangata no uta. 15. Te ingoa o te tuahine o tera tangata.
III.
1. Some food for his son, Kurei. 2. Some books for her elder sister, Turi's wife. 3. That axe of Tuau's son's. 4. That garden of yours and my father's. 5. A man from what place? 6. A garment out of the house of Turi and Rupe and their companions. 7. A hat for each of the children of the school. 8. A stone out of the river. 9. Garments (or, a garment) belonging to Manaia's wife, Kuiwai. 10. A word (message) to Te Hati and Hongi.
1. He whare noku. 2. He whare mo koutou ko Turi, ko Rupe. 3. Ki tona pāpā raua ko tona whaea. 4. He waka no Tauranga, no Maketu, no Whakatane. 5. Aua kuri a koutou. 6. He whare mo Turi raua ko tona pāpā, ko Rewa. 7. He pukapuka ki tetahi o koutou. 8. Nga tangata me nga kuri i roto i tera taiepa. 9. Taua whare i te taha o te puke. 10. Enei riwai hei kai ma au poaka, 11. Te tatau o tetahi whare oku. 12. He kai ma te kukupa. 13. Te kakahu mo tenei tamaiti aku.
IV.
1. The leaves of the tallest of those trees. 2. The size of Maui's new house. 3. Tall men from Tane's village. 4. The sharpness of the edge of Tiki's new axe. 5. The window of that raupo house. 6. Some fresh water for her brother, Ware. 7. The large stones under our canoe. 8. The site of Toi's house on the other side of the river. 9. On the roof of the house belonging to you and Te Horo's son. 10. The window of each house. 11. Some food for one of those two. 12. A much larger canoe than Paikea's.
1. Te ingoa o taua tangata pai. 2. Te mea pai rawa o era whare raupo. 3. Enei rakau roroa i te ngahere. 4. Nga tangata kaha o nga waka o Turi raua ko Kupe. 5. Te taura kaha, te taura hou a Ngata. 6. He kowhatu taimaha atu i tena. 7. Te takapau nui rawa i roto i toku whare kowhatu. 8. Te taiepa i waenganui i nga mara a Taiwhanga raua ko Rangi. 9. Te tere o nga waka o Ripi ma. 10. Te roa o tenei, o tenei o ena waka.
V.
1. The twenty-four tall trees. 2. The fifth of those large axes with the long handles. 3. The three good houses for you and Turi and Ripi. 4. Five books for Kupe and me. 5. The tallest of those five trees. 6. The five men in Turu's large house. 7. The size of these forty-two houses. 8. At the third hour from their going to Te Kao. 9. Books for his four children, two for each. 10. The first day of his dwelling at this village.
1. Aua waka ririki e toru mo koutou ko Turi, ko Kupe. 2. Nga pukapuka nunui e rima i roto i tou whare hou. 3. Etahi pukapuka hou e ono i roto o tona whare kowhatu. 4. Te mea pai rawa o aua toki koi kotahi tekau ma ono. 5. I te kuwaha tuwhera o to ratou pa tawhito. 6. Te hohonu o tenei poka. 7. Te roa o aua rakau e rua tekau ma whitu i tera ngahere. 8. I te Turei, i te tekau ma rima o nga ra o Tihema. 9. Etahi mataaho kotahi tekau ma rima i aua whare e rima, takitoru i tenei, i tenei. 10. Nga tangata roroa tokotoru i te rima o nga whare.
VI.
1. Those are large trees. 2. These books are for his child. 3. The axe with the short handle belongs to Tuau. 4. The four books for him and me are yonder. 5. The large axe is in the house. 6. Taha's house is large. 7. Yours is a large house. 8. That stone house belongs to him and Turi. 9. That is the way to Rotorua. 10. Those trees are from that forest. 11. Yours and my canoe is in Turi's possession. 12. Who is the man with the white hat? 13. Paku belongs to this place. 14. Tupaea belongs to Tauranga. 15. Those eleven axes are for you and Turi and Heke and the rest. 16. Those are for Turi, Ripi, and Kupe. 17. The garments are to be on the bed.
1. He kowhatu tenei. 2. Ko taku kuri tera. 3. He rakau roroa era. 4. No koutou tera whare. 5. He waka pai to ratou. 6. Ko Rangi te ingoa o tana tamaiti.
VII.
1. That is the house of our greatest chief. 2. That is a house belonging to our father. 3. That house does not belong to Turi. 4. Your father's house is not there. 5. That is not the road to Tauranga. 6. Your dog is in Titore's possession. 7. That is a good book of yours. 8. My dog is not white. 9. Kuiwai's child's new garments are not in Piri's possession. 10. Those birds belong to his son, Paerau. 11. The large ducks are for their sister, Paku. 12. Let us be inside the house, let [us] not be outside. 13. Turi's is not a swift canoe. 14. The dog with the long tail is not for you.
1. He rangatira nui a Te Kani. 2. He tokomaha nga rangatira i tenei whenua. 3. He hoa a Turi no Kupe. 4. Ehara tenei i te whare. 5. Kahore i roto i toku taiepa tou whare. 6. Ko tehea o enei tou whare? 7. Ko tehea to korua o era whare e toru? 8. Ehara toku i te waka tawhito. 9. He pai tenei taiepa. 10. Ehara i te nui tera whare. 11. Kahore i konei au pukapuka. 12. Ehara i te mea mau tenei pukapuka. 13. Kei te teina o Hata au pukapuka. 14. I roto au manu i te whare inanahi. 15. Ehara i a ia tenei pu.
VIII.
1. Whose are those two books? 2. Does not that dog belong to Tara? 3. Is there not a house by the side of that river? 4. Where is the rope of this canoe? 5. What is the name of Horo's child? 6. Which is Kaihau's house? 7. Which of these houses is Kupe's? 8. Is Turi a brother of Hineko's? 9. Are those birds for Hineko's elder sister, Hera? 10. Paerau is an elder brother of mine. 11. Paerau is not an elder brother of mine. 12. Paerau is not my elder brother. 13. Is not Paerau
1. Mo wai ena waka e rua? 2. Mo Kuiwai ranei raua ko tana tama, ko Horo aua waka e rua? 3. Na wai tena kuri? 4. Na te teina ranei o Paerau taua kuri? 5. Kei hea te hoe o tou waka hou? 6. Kahore ranei i konei inanahi te hoe o tou waka hou? 7. Ko wai tera? 8. Ko wai tona ingoa? 9. Ko te pāpā ranei tera o Kuiwai? 10. Ko Titore ranei tona ingoa? 11. Ko tehea o enei tou whare? 12. Ko tehea tou o enei whare e toru? 13. I hea a Heke inanahi? 14. Hei Tauranga ranei ia apopo? 15. Kahore ranei ia i konei inanahi? 16. Kahore ranei ia i Maketu inaianei? 17. Kahore ranei he tamariki i roto i tera whare? 18. Ko hea tera maunga?
IX.
1. How many men are there in your house? 2. Where were Tara and Rua on Monday? 3. Will they two be here to-morrow? 4. They two will be at Turanga on Tuesday. 5. Was not your dog here yesterday? 6. Was not Tara in his house last night? 7. That is not fruit of this tree. 8. Is not that Tara's house? 9. Is not this house for Hou? 10. Paikea's companion was at Te Puke in the morning. 11. Kupe's sister's dogs are not black. 12. Is the hawk a swift bird? 13. Was the wind strong yesterday? 14. Is that book yours? 15. This is a book of mine.
1. Kei hea a Turi raua ko Kupe? 2. I konei a Turi inanahi. 3. Hei konei a Kupe apopo. 4. I hea a Turi i te Hatarei? 5. Kei kona a Kupe. 6. Tokohia nga tangata kei a koe? 7. Tenei nga tangata tokoiwa. 8. I kona ranei ratou i te Wenerei? 9. Ehara aua tangata i te matemate inapo. 10. He toko-maha nga tangata i runga i tera kaipuke. 11. He ruarua nga ika i roto i te kupenga. 12. He nui te wai o te awa inaianei. 13. Ko wai hei kaiarahi moku ki Taupo? 14. Kahore ranei he tangata hei hoa mo Tuau? 15. Kei hea te tangata i te mere pounamu?
X.
1. Was your younger brother here this morning? 2. He was not here on Monday. 3. Your dog is under the house. 4. Their dog is larger than yours. 5. Mine is much stronger than yours. 6. From whence are those men with the red skin? 7. The leaves of that tree are not long. 8. Is that a canoe belonging to your sister's son? 9. Your book is yonder, in the house. 10. The water of this river is bitter, it is not fresh water. 11. Is not Tuau's canoe longer than Kupe's? 12. Your brother-in-law's child is not here. 13. This is not Tara's dog. 14. Is this a dog belonging to Tara? 15. That dog of Tara's is black.
1. I, a koe taku pukapuka inanahi. 2. Hei te whare o Turi he kai ma taua. 3. Kahore ranei i te kopa o te whare aua pukapuka kotahi tekau ma rima? 4. Kahore he wai mou i konei. 5. Kahore ranei he whare i te tahataha o te awa? 6. He nui te kumara i te mara a Titore. 7. He tokomaha ranei nga tamariki i te ngahere i te ata nei? 8. He nui rawa nga kowhatu i te riu o tenei awa. 9. Kahore ranei he rakau nunui i te riu o taua awa? 10. Kahore i nui rawa ake te kuri a Tara i te kiore nui. 11. He nui atu te taimaha o tenei kuri i to nga kiore kotahi tekau ma rua.
XI.
1. Kuiwai's child is sitting by the side of the fire. 2. Paerau stood at the side of the lake. 3. Paikea has arrived by canoe at Hawaiki. 4. The canoe will sink presently; the load is very heavy. 5. Tawhaki has climbed up to the top of the mountain. 6. Pahiko did not reach Hawaiki. 7. Turi's canoe will sail to Aotea. 8. Kupe and his companions were planting their kumara yesterday. 9. That post is firm, it will not fall. 10. Have not the leaves of that tree grown yet? 11. Shall you sleep at Whangara? 12. We shall go on, we shall not sleep there. 13. We shall go in the summer to Paroa.
1. E rapu ana a Turi i tana kuri. 2. E okioki ana aua tangata tokowha i runga i te puke. 3. Kihai a Kupe raua ko Tara i haere ki Taupo i te ata nei. 4. Kua tae a Turi ki Aotea. 5. E kore te kumara e tupu ki Otakou; he nui rawa te huka i reira. 6. Ka hoki a Titore ma apopo. 7. Kihai a Kae i taka i runga i te arawhata. 8. Ka hinga koe akuanei i tena wahi mania. 9. Ka haere ranei te tama a Tara ki Otaki a te Taitei? 10. E pari ana te tai inaianei; ka mānu to tatou waka i te poupoutanga o te ra. 11. He mākū rawa te wahie; e kore te ahi e ka. 12. Ka haere matou ki Taupo a tetahi ra.
XII.
1. If I go to Rotorua, I will urge Turu to come. 2. If that tree had fallen the road would have been obstructed. 3. Do not enter inside the house lest Tara should be angry. 4. If he had not come back I should have forgotten. 5. If you should not show me I shall not know. 6. Will a stranger find the road if there should not be a guide? 7. If I had not been staying here there would have been no one as a companion for you. 8. Do not walk in the slippery place lest you should fall. 9. Be careful lest the calabash should be broken. 10. The men are assembling within the house.
1. Ki te haere mai a Rua apopo ka haere ahau ki Kawhia. 2. He nui tana tohe kia haere koe ki a ia. 3. Mehemea kahore ia i reira kua tomokia tona whare e nga tahae. 4. Haere ki taku māra ki te mahi. 5. I whakaae ia ki te haere kei kore ahau e haere. 6. Mehemea e noho ana ia ki konei kua haere mai tona papa ki te tiki i a ia. 7. E kaikā ana a Pou ki te haere ki tawahi o te awa. 8. Ki te mea ka kore tona tuahine e noho ki konei e kore ia e noho. 9. Kei te mahi a Paerau i tona whare.
XIII.
1. By whom was this island discovered? 2. Turi is building a house for Tara and his companions. 3. By whom was Titore fetched to go to Paroa? 4. Fetch
1. E hiahia ana a Turi ki te noho ki Rotorua ki te whakaoti i tona whare. 2. Kihai tenei whare i hangaa e Turi mo Horo i tera tau. 3. Ki te kore a Paerau e haere mai apopo ka haere ahau ki Taupo kia kite ai ahau i a ia. 4. E kore a Turi e haere ki Te Kaha aianei kei kore ia e kite i a koe apopo. 5. Mehemea e pari ana te tai inaianei e kore tatou e tae ki Ohiwa. 6. Ki te haere koe ki Pakihi aianei, he tangata ranei kei reira hei homai kai ki a koe? 7. He tangata ranei kei konei e matau ana ki te ingoa o tenei rakau? 8. I kite ranei koe i taua manu e noho ana i runga i te rakau? 9. Na wai koe i whakaako ki te korero pukapuka?
XIV.
1. There are two women in the house weaving a garment. 2. Hou's house was burnt with fire by Tara. 3. Turi shall show you two the road. 4. Titore swam over that river. 5. Nope fetched Porou from Waiapu. 6. Turu has arrived as a teacher for the children of this village. 7. You had better send a messenger presently to Tareha. 8. Te Keteiwi is skilful at carving canoes. 9. At the end of his speech the hearers clapped their hands. 10. How did Rua save his daughter when the canoe upset? 11. What did Rata do to the murderers of his father? 12. Reach out your hand and rub my forehead. 13. If Turi should come on Tuesday, Pare shall fetch you lest you should not see him.
1. Kei te mara aua tangata tokorua e whakato rakau ana. 2. I titorea tena rakau ki te toki. 3. Ma Pare koe e arahi ki te kainga o Turi. 4. I mauria mai e Turi i
XV.
1. Now that you are come we have a guide to Omahu. 2. If he had had a canoe Tara would have embarked and sailed to Motiti. 3. Tiki has no spade wherewith to dig up the weeds of his garden. 4. They two had no place as a site for a house. 5. Who has Ripi's canoe now? 6. You must wait till Turi arrives that you may have a companion for your journey to Opou. 7. If they had had a net they would not have suffered from want of food. 8. If Titore should die, who will have his lands? 9. Has not Turi the rope of the anchor of his canoe?
1. Kia tae mai koe apopo ka whai hoa ahau mo toku haere ki Taupo. 2. Ki te ai he waka mo taua ka whaka-whiti taua ki tawahi. 3. Kauaka hei a Hou tau toki kei whati te kakau. 4. Mehemea kihai a Pare i whai hoa i te Turei kihai ia i haere mai. 5. Kahore ranei i a Turi au pukapuka i tetahi ra? 6. Kahore ranei ana pukapuka i tona taenga mai i tera wiki? 7. Kia haere ahau ki Rarotonga, hei a Pare toku whare. 8. Mehemea kahore a ratou kupenga kihai ratou i whai kai.
XVI.
1. Pare has been left by his companions at Taupo. 2. Have Ripi and his companions finished Pare's house? 3. Who told you that Rupe's house was burnt? 4. The fruit of your trees is consumed by birds. 5. When Turi reached his house the goods had all been carried out by
1. Kihai a Turi i mau i a Pare ki Taupo. 2. I motu te taura i a Kupe te tapahi ki te toki. 3. Kihai nga hua o aua rakau i pau i te manu te kai. 4. Kua riro i te tahae etahi o nga taonga a Turi. 5. Ka oti te whare o Turi te tapatu e Ripi apopo. 6. Kia oti te whare o Turi i Motiti ka noho ia ki roto. 7. I te otinga o te whare o Turi kihai ia i noho ki roto. 8. Mehemea kihai te waka o Pare i riro i te waipuke kua whakawhitia koe e ia.
XVII.
1. Here is a man who is going to Taupo to-morrow. 2. What place has the canoe reached which sailed hither from Tauranga on Tuesday? 3. Turi was very angry with the man who was building his house. 4. Whose is the house which is finished thatching? 5. That is Turi's house which stands on the other side of the river. 6. Tara is the man who gave names to these lands. 7. It was not Titore who set the canoe on fire. 8. We turned aside to Opoutama, at which place Tupaea landed long ago. 9. Hineko is the woman who shall weave a mat for you. 10. It was Ripi and Pou who dragged the canoe to the seaside.
1. I haere ki Wairoa i te ata nei a Kupe i tutaki ra ki ahau i te one inanahi. 2. Ko tehea te waka e rere ana ki Motiti? 3. Ko wai te wahine e noho ra i te roro o te whare? 4. Kua mutu i a Taeo te korero te pukapuka i hoatu ra e koe ki a ia. 5. No tawahi o te awa te rakau kua oti ra te kani. 6. Ko Tara ranei te tangata nana i hanga te pa ki taua motu? 7. Ehara a Tuau i te tamaiti nana nei i tiki tou waka. 8. I haere mai ratou i runga i a Te Arawa, i wera ra taua waka i a Raumati. 9. Ko wai ma nga tangata mana e to te waka ki te wai?
XVIII.
1. For whom is the garment which Turi's wife is weaving? 2. The canoe by which the kumara was brought from Hawaiki was Horouta. 3. The sea over which Hinemoa swam was Rotorua. 4. Is that the path by which Turi will come? 5. Which of these young men will you choose as a companion for yourself? 6. Are those fish which you are carrying for Rewa? 7. These are the men whom Tara led from Taupo yesterday. 8. That is the canoe in which Kupe sailed hither from Hawaiki. 9. That is the reason why Titore did not go to Taupo.
1. No Te Whakaki te waka e whakairo ra a Kurei. 2. Kei a Turi te tao i tu ai a Paikea. 3. No Ripi te whare i moe ai a Pare inapo. 4. Ko hea te wahi e tutaki ai taua ki a Titore apopo? 5. Ehara tena i te take i haere mai ai ahau kia kite i a koe. 6. Ko nga kupu enei i haere mai ai ahau ki te korero ki a koe. 7 Ehara tenei i te puke i kitea ai e tatou te waka o Kupe e rere atu ana. 8. Ehara i te mea rahi te kaipuke i haere mai ai a Tupaea ki Aotearoa. 9. No Opou a Kura, no te wahi i noho ai a Turangi i mua (or, i nohoia ra taua wahi e Turangi i mua).
XIX.
1. The man for whom Ripi brought a canoe has been brought to land by Paikea. 2. The ships were large in which they embarked that they might sail to England. 3. Tareha and others are at Kereru, which place was formerly a cultivation of Tara's. 4. Whoever is afraid had better go home. 5. Who is the man whose foot was crushed yesterday by a log of wood? 6. Ripi, a house of whose was burnt with fire on Tuesday, is dead. 7. Who is the man whose field was overflowed by the flood before the crop was dug up? 8. The woman to whom you said that the letter was to be given is at Taupo. 9. When they reached the forest they saw no birds whatever.
1. I haere ki Te Wairoa inanahi te tangata i mate ra tona pāpā i te Parairei. 2. E haere ana a Turi ki Taupo kia kite i te tamaiti i takoki ra te pona. 3. Ka haere mai apopo te tangata i hangaa nei e Horo te waka mona. 4. I tutaki a Rua ki a Maru ki Reporua, i rere atu ra i reira i mua te waka o Pahiko. 5. Ki atu kia haere mai apopo te tangata i hoatu ra e taua te waka ki a ia. 6. I topea e Rata te rakau i marū ai tou waewae. 7. Me haere atu te tangata kahore e pai ki te mahi. 8. Ko wai te tangata i hangaa nei e Tua te whare mona? 9. I to ratou tomokanga ki te pa kahore he tangata i roto, kahore he aha.
XX.
1. There were fifteen men who were taken alive by them. 2. His clearing was set fire to in a green state; the trees were not consumed by the fire. 3. Let us go slowly lest we should arrive before the men of the village have assembled. 4. Ruku and his companions were not returned to the shore, they were carried off in a different direction to Tokerau. 5. Did Horo bring the taro and the kumara in time for the feast? 6. Tu killed all his elder brothers. 7. The father of Tawhaki was taken away dead. 8. He went when the day had only just dawned. 9. You and I will go when the flood has quite subsided.
1. He kaha rawa te tangata nana i hapai tena kowhatu. 2. I hangaa paitia te whare e Maui. 3. Mātua hopu i te poaka, ka patu ai, ka tao ai. 4. He nui te mate o nga tangata o Mokoia i te paunga rawatanga o a ratou kai. 5. I tanumia oratia a Heuheu ratou ko tona iwi e te horo whenua. 6. I korerotia pukutia e ia ki a Pou te matenga o Tiki. 7. E kore ia e haere atu kia utua katoatia ra ano a koutou nama. 8. I patua take-koretia e ia taku tamaiti. 9. Kihai a Kupe i kite wawe i tona hoariri.
XXI.
1. Tupaea's ship sailed away from hence; it did not return. 2. I am returning to-day to Tokomaru; you had better come thither to-morrow. 3. When the fruit of the tree dropped they two looked up and saw the pigeon sitting above [them]. 4. Stay you two where you are; when Kae arrives you must [all] come together; I will wait here for you. 5. This is the thing for which I came [namely], to tell Paerau not to come [to me] to-morrow. 6. If you had come [to me] yesterday to fetch the books, the children would all have had books to-day.
1. I ki a Tama ki a Ngatoro, “Haere mai ki runga ki toku waka.” 2. Na maua ko Tuau i korero ki a Turi te taenga mai o Manaia. 3. Ko wai tera e hamama iho ra ki a taua i runga i te whare? 4. E titiro ake ana a Kuiwai ki te tangata e noho iho ana i runga i te puke. 5. E haere ana ahau ki Oringi aianei, e hiahia ana hoki ahau kia tuhituhi pukapuka ake koe ki ahau a tera wiki. 6. I tutaki ranei koe ki a Rua e haere atu ana ki Maketu i te Wenerei? 7. E titiro iho ana a Paerau ki nga tamariki e takaro ake ana i te one. 8. Na wai a Putu i karanga i haere mai ai ia inaianei?
XXII.
1. It was when I reached Turanga that I saw Kere. 2. He was sick when I arrived, but before many days he was well again. 3. When he returns from Tapui I shall know whether he will go with you or whether he will not go. 4. When will Turi begin to build the house for Peta? 5. As soon as they two saw Paoa they knew that he was a chief. 6. When you two leave off work you must go to Omaha. 7. When I shall have crossed to the other side of the river I shall see Heke.
1. A hea koe hoki ai ki Waipu? 2. Kia mauria mai aku pukapuka e Hata ka hoki ahau. 3. I toku haerenga mai i Taupo, i konei a Paka e noho ana. 4. I tutaki a Heke ki a Turi i te huarahi, i a ia e hoki mai ana
XXIII.
1. Why did your canoe sail to Motiti yesterday? 2. Why did the ancestors of the Maori people migrate hither from Hawaiki? 3. It was because of quarrels that they migrated hither. 4. Why did you not come to our village on Sunday? 5. It was on Tuesday that we started from Taupo, and we slept at Rangitaiki. 6. The next morning we came on and slept at Tarawera. 7. Why (what is the reason why) did Ripi, Tuau, and others stay at Tarawera? 8. They left the net and the lines and the fishhooks in the canoe. 9. Tara went and forded the river and ran into the forest.
1. He aha a Titore i tono ai i a Horo ki Omaha? 2. He aha te take i mahue ai a Tuau ki Taupo? 3. I wera i te ahi nga whare me nga waka. 4. He aha i roa ai a Paerau raua ko Kupe te haere mai i Wairoa? 5. Na te waipuke i kore ai raua e haere mai. 6. I te haerenga o Reko raua ko Kupe ki Wahi ka peka raua ki Papakura, ki Tuakau, ki Rangiriri, a i te toru o nga ra ka tae raua ki Wahi. 7. Na Ripi matou i tae wawe mai ai. 8. I haere mai ia hei kaiarahi mo matou, kihai hoki i whakarere i a matou a tae noa mai matou ki konei.
PartIII.
Conversations.
PartIV.
Vocabulary.
English—Maori.
As a general rule, accentuate the first syllable of a Maori word; but in words beginning with whaka, accentuate the third.
-
a,
art. he, tētahi. -
able, to be,
v. i. āhei. -
abode,
n. kāinga. -
above,
prep. ki runga i; kei runga i; i runga i; hei runga i. (See § 16.) -
absent,
a. ngaro. -
abundant,
a. nui; huhua. -
account (bill),
n. kaute. -
achieve,
v. t. tae. -
acre,
n. eka. -
across (of motion),
prep. ki tāwahi o. (§ 16.) -
add together,
v. t. huihui; -
pass, huihuia. -
adult,
n. kaumātua. -
afloat,
a. mānu. -
afraid,
a. mataku. (with prep.) ki. -
after,
prep. ki muri i; kei muri i; i muri i; hei muri i. (§ 16.) -
afterwards,
adv. muri iho. -
again,
adv. ano. -
agree to,
v. t. whakaae. -
agreement,
n. kirimini. -
alive,
a. ora. -
all,
a. katoa (seepoto). -
allow,
v. t. tuku;pass. tukua. -
ammunition,
n. hamanu. -
ancestor,
n. tupuna.pl. tūpuna. -
anchor,
n. punga. -
ancient times (§ 8).
-
and, (§ 87).
-
angry,
a. riri. -
ankle,
n. pona. -
another,
a. tetahi atu (§ 21). -
answer,
v. t. whakahoki kupu (followed byprep. ki),pass. whakahokia. -
answer a call,
v. i. whakaō. -
any,
def. he, tetahi;pl. etahi. -
appeal,
n. piira. -
appear (come in sight),
v. i. puta. -
appearance,
n. āhua. -
apple,
n. āporo. -
April,
n. Āperira. -
arise,
v. i. ara, whakatika. -
arithmetic,
n. whika. -
arm,
n. tākakau; ringaringa. -
army,
n. taua. -
arouse,
v. t. whakaara;pass, whakaarahia. -
arrive,
v. i. tae;pass. taea,be arrived at. -
ashes,
n. pungarehu. -
as if, as it were,
conj. metemea. -
ask,
v. t. (put a question), ui;pass. uia (followed by prep. ki). -
ask (one to do anything),
v. t. ki,pass. kiia. -
ask for,
v. t. tono;pass. tonoa. -
assemble,
v. t. whakamine;pass. whakaminea. -
assemble,
v. i. huihui. -
assembled,
part. rūpeke. -
assessor,
n. ateha. -
as soon as (§ 83).
-
at once,
adv. wawe. -
attack,
v. t. whakaeke;pass. whakaekea. -
auction,
n. mākete. -
auger,
n. wiri. -
August,
n. Ākuhata. -
aunt,
n. whāea. -
authority,
n. mana. -
autumn,
n. ngahuru. -
avenged,
part. ea. (§ 66). -
awake,
v. i. ara. -
away,
adv. atu (§ 81). -
axe,
n. toki.
-
back,
n. tuarā. -
back of the head,
n. -
kopako.
-
back, the,
l.n. muri (§ 8). -
bad,
a. kino. -
bag,
n. peeke. -
bald,
a. pākira. -
bank of a river,
n. tahataha. -
bank (money),
n. peeke. -
bark,
n. hiako; kiri. -
bark,
v. i. tau. -
barter,
v. t. hoko;pass. hokona. -
basin,
n. peihana. -
bathe,
v. i. kaukau. -
battle,
n. pakanga. -
bay,
n. kokoru. -
beach,
n. one. -
beak,
n. ngutu. -
bear fruit,
v. i. hua. -
beard,
n. pāhau. -
beast,
n. kararehe. -
beat,
v. t. patu;pass. patua. -
beautiful,
a. ataāhua. -
because,
conj. no te mea, ta te mea (§ 85). -
bed,
n. moenga; pēti. -
bed of a river,
n. riu. -
bee,
n. pī. -
beer,
n. pia. -
before,
prep. ki mua i; kei mua i; i mua i; hei mua i. (§ 16.) -
beg,
v. t. inoi;pass. inoia. -
begin,
v. t. tīmata;pass. timataia. -
behind,
prep. ki muri i; kei muri i; i muri i; hei muri i. (§ 16). -
behind, on the further side of, ki tua o; kei tua o; etc. (§ 16).
-
believe,
v. t. whakapono (followed by prep. ki);pass. whakaponohia. -
bell,
n. pere. -
belly,
n. kōpū. -
below,
prep. ki raro i; kei raro i; i raro i; hei raro i. (§ 16.) -
belt,
n. whītiki; tātua. -
bend,
v. t. whakapiko,pass. whakapikoa. -
bend leg or arm, hūpeke.
-
bend,
v. i. piko. -
beneath,
prep. (§ 16). -
bent,
a. piko. -
better, had,
v. a. me. (§ 56.) -
between,
prep. i waenganui o..o. -
bewitch,
v. t. mākutu;pass. makuturia. -
bill,
n. kaute. -
bird,
n. manu. -
birth,
n. whānautanga. -
biscuit,
n. pīkiti. -
bite,
v. t. ngau;pass. ngaua. -
bitter,
a. kawa. -
black,
a. mangu; pango. -
blade,
n. rapa. -
blanket,
n. paraikete. -
blind,
a. matapō. -
block,
n. pōroka. -
blood,
n. toto, (generally in pl.) -
blunt,
a. puhuki. -
board,
n. papa. -
board (of persons),
n. poari. -
boat,
n. poti. -
body,
n. tīnana. -
bog,
n. hū. -
boggy,
a. tāpokopoko. -
boil,
v. i. koropupū.v. t. kōhua;pass. kohuatia. -
boiler,
n. paera. -
bone,
n. wheua, iwi. -
book,
n. pukapuka. -
bore,
v. t. poka;pass. -
pokaia; wiri;
pass. wiria. -
born, be,
v. i. whānau. -
bottle,
n. ipu. -
bottom, the,
l.n. raro (§ 8). -
boundary,
n. rohe; raina. -
bow, of a canoe,
n. ihu. -
box,
n. pouaka. -
boy,
n. tamaiti, tāne;pl. tamariki tāne. -
brain,
n. roro. -
branch,
n. manga; peka. -
brand,
n. andv. parani. -
brass,
n. parāhi. -
brave,
a. toa. -
bread,
n. parāoa. -
break,
v. t. (a stick, etc.), whawhati;pass. whatiia: (a cord, etc.), momotu;pass. motuhia: (in pieces), pākaru;pass, pākarua. -
breakfast,
n. parakuhi. -
breast,
n. uma; poho. -
breast of a female,
n. ū. -
breath,
n. manawa. -
breathe,
v. i. tā te manawa. (Ex. Ka tā tōku manawa,I breathe). -
brick,
n. pereki. -
bridge,
n. piriti. -
bridle,
n. paraire. -
bring,
v. t. mau mai;pass. mauria mai. -
bring to land,
v. t. whakaū;pass. whakaūria. -
broad,
a. whānui. -
broken,
part. whati; motu; -
păkaru. (See break).
-
brook,
n. manga. -
broom,
n. purūma. -
brother,
n. (a man's elder) tuakana;pl. tuākana; (younger), teina;pl. tēina; (a woman's), tungāne. -
brother-in-law,
n. (a man's), taokete; (a woman's), autāne. -
brown,
a. pākākā. -
bruised,
part. marū. -
build,
v. t. hanga;pass. hangaa. -
bullet,
n. matā. -
bullock,
n. ōkiha. -
bulrush,
n. raupo. -
burden,
n. pīkaunga. -
burn,
v. i. kā. -
burn,
v. t. tahu;pass. tahuna. -
burnt,
part. wera; burnt up, pau i te ahi. -
bury,
v. t. tanu;pass. tanumia. -
bush,
n. uru rākau -
but,
conj. otirā;after a negative, ēngari. -
butt (of a tree),
n. pūtake. -
butter,
n. pata. -
button,
n. pātene. -
buy,
v. t. hoko;pass. hokona. -
by,
prep. 1,of agent, after passive verbs, e. 2,of agent or instrument, after neuter verbs,adjectives, etc., i; 3.of direction, ma (§ 15). -
by and by,
adv. taihoa.
-
cabbage,
n. kāpeti. -
calabash,
n. tahā. -
call, call out,
v. t. karanga;pass. karangatia. -
call, (name),
v. t. hua;pass. huaina. -
calm,
a. marino. -
can,
v. i. āhei (not followed by a preposition). -
candle,
n. kānara. -
canoe,
n. waka. -
careful,
a. tūpato. -
carpenter,
n. kāmura. -
carry,
v. t. kawe;pass. kawea. -
carry off,
v. t. kahaki;pass. kahakina. -
carry (on the shoulders), pīkau;
pass. pīkaua; amo;pass. amohia. -
carve,
v. t. whakairo;pass. whakairoa. -
case (court),
n. kēhi. -
cask,
n. kāho. -
catch,
v. t. hopu;pass. hopukia. -
catch (in a net),
v. t. hao;pass. haoa. -
caught,
part. mau. (§ 66.) -
cause,
n. take. -
cause, without,
adv. takekore. -
cautious,
a. tūpato. -
cease! kāti!
v. t. whakamutu. -
cement,
n. raima. -
certificate,
n. tiwhikete. -
chain,
n. mekameka. -
chain (measure),
n. tīni. -
chair,
n. tūru. -
chairman,
n. tiamana. -
channel,
n. awa. -
charcoal,
n. waro. -
chase,
v. t. whaiwhai;pass. whaiwhaitia. -
cheek,
n. pāpāringa. -
chest,
n. poho. -
chicken,
n. pī. -
chief,
n. rangatira. -
child,
n. tamaiti;pl. tamariki. -
chimney,
n. tūmere. -
chin,
n. kauwae. -
choose,
v. t. whiriwhiri;pass. whiriwhiria. -
Christmas,
n. Kirihimete. -
church,
n. hāhi. -
church (building),
n. whare karakia. -
clap (hands),
v. i. papaki; pakipaki. (§ 63.) -
claw,
n. matikuku, maikuku. -
clean,
a. mā. -
cleanse,
v. t. horoi;pass. horoia. -
clear,
v. t. (land by cutting timber, etc.) para;pass. paraia. -
clearing,
n. waerenga. -
cliff,
n. pari. -
climb,
v. i. piki;pass. pikitia,be climbed up, orover. -
clod,
n. paioneone. -
clothes,
n. kākahu. -
cloud,
n. kapua. -
clump (of trees),
n. motu. -
coast,
n. tahatai. -
coat,
n. koti -
cobweb,
n. tukutuku pungawerewere. -
cock,
n. tīkaokao. -
coil,
v. t. pōkai;pass. pōkaia. -
coil,
n. pōkai. -
cold,
n. huka. -
cold,
a. mātao. -
college,
n. kāreti. -
come,
v. i. haere mai. -
command,
v. t. whakahau;pass. whakahaua. -
companion,
n. hoa. -
company,
n. rōpū; ope. -
compass,
n. kāpehu. -
completed,
part. oti. -
concrete,
n. raima. -
consent,
v. i. whakaae (followed by prep. ki);pass. whakaaetia,be agreed to. constable,n. kātipa. -
consumed,
part. pau, peto, hemo. (§ 66). -
cook,
v. t. tao;pass. taona. -
cooked,
part. maoa. -
cool,
a. mātaotao. -
copper,
n. anda. kapa. -
cord,
n. taura, aho. -
corner,
n. kopa. -
corpse,
n. tūpapaku. -
council,
n. kaunihera. -
court,
n. kooti. -
courtyard,
n. marae. -
cousin,
n. (a man's male) tuakana; teina; (a man's female) tuahine; (a woman's male) tungane; (a woman's female) tuakana; teina. -
cover,
n. (lid, etc.), taupoki; (cloth, etc.) hīpoki. -
cover,
v. t. taupoki;pass. taupokina; hīpoki;pass. hīpokina. -
cow,
n. kau. -
creep,
v. i. ngoki. -
crooked,
a. piko. -
crop,
n. hua (pl.). -
cross,
n. rīpeka. -
cross,
a. pukuriri. -
cross over,
v. t. andi. whakawhiti;pass. whakawhitia. -
crowd,
v. t. popō;n. rōpū. -
crush,
v. t. tuki;pass. tukia. -
crushed,
part. marū. -
cry,
v. i. tangi (followed by prep. ki);pass. tangihia,be cried for. -
cultivation
n. mahingakai. -
cupboard,
n. kāpata. -
cure,
v. t. whakaora;pass. whakaorangia. -
current,
n. au. -
cut,
v. t. tapahi;pass. tapahia. -
cut down,
v. t. tope;pass. topea. -
cut in two,
v. t. (Seesever); momotu;pass. motuhia. -
cut short,
part. mutu, poro.
-
damp,
a. mākū. -
dance,
v. i. kanikani. -
dark,
a. pouri. -
dash,
v. t. aki;pass. akina. -
daughter,
n. tamahine;pl. tamāhine. -
daughter-in-law,
n. hunaonga. -
dawn,
n. puaotanga. -
dawn,
v. i. ao. -
day,
n. rā, rangi. -
day after (§ 8).
-
day before (§ 8).
-
daylight,
n. awatea. -
dead,
a. mate. -
deaf,
a. turi. -
deal out,
v. t. tūari;pass. tūaritia; tuwha,pass. tuwhaia, tuwhaina. -
death,
n. matenga. -
debt,
n. nama. -
deceive,
v. t. māminga;pass. mamingatia. -
December,
n. Tihema. -
deep,
a. hōhonu. -
demand,
v. t. tono;pass. tonoa. -
descend,
v. i. heke. -
desire,
v. i. hiahia; (followed byki);pass. hiahiatia. -
destroy,
v. t. whakangaro;pass. whakangaromia. -
die,
v. i. marere. -
different,
a. kē. -
dig,
v. t. keri;pass. keria. -
dig up (a crop),
v. t. hauhake;pass. hauhakea. -
dig up (weeds),
v. t. ngaki;pass. ngakia. -
dirt,
n. paru. -
dirty,
a. poke, paruparu. -
disappear,
v. i. whakangaro. -
disappear behind,
v. i. nunumi. -
disbelieve,
v. t. whakateka (followed by prep. ki);pass. whakatekaia. -
discover,
v. t. kite. -
dish,
n. rīhi. -
distance, the,
l.n. tawhiti (§ 8). -
distant,
a. tawhiti. -
distribute,
seedeal. -
ditch,
n. awakeri. -
dive for,
v. t. ruku;pass. rukuhia. -
do,
v. t. mea;pass. meatia. -
do what?
v. t. aha?;pass. ahatia? -
doctor,
n. tākuta; rata. -
dog,
n. kuri. -
door,
n. tatau. -
doorway,
n. kūwaha. -
down,
adv. iho (§ 81). -
drag,
v. t. tō;pass. toia. -
dream,
n. moemoeā. -
drink,
v. t. inu;pass. inumia. -
drive,
v. t. ā;pass. āia. -
drop,
v. i. (as water) māturuturu; (as anything solid) marere. -
drunken,
a. haurangi. -
dry,
a. maroke. -
dryland, the
l.n. uta (§ 8). -
duck,
n. pārera; (domestic) rakiraki. -
dumb,
a. wahangū. -
dust,
n. pūehu. -
dwell,
v. i. noho;pass. nohoia,be dwelt in. -
dwelling place,
n. kāinga.
-
each,
a. (§ 21.) -
eager, be,
v. i. takare, kaikā. -
ear,
n. taringa. -
earth,
n. oneone. -
east,
n. rāwhiti. -
easy,
a. ngāwari. -
eat,
v. t. kai;pass. kainga. -
ebb,
v. i. timu. -
edge,
n. mata. -
eel,
n. tuna. -
eighth,
a. tuawaru. -
either—or, rānei—rānei.
-
elbow,
n. tuke. -
embark,
v. i. eke;pass. ekengia. -
embrace,
v. t. awhi;pass. awhitia. -
empty,
a. takoto kau. -
ended,
part. mutu. (§ 66.) -
enemy,
n. hoariri. -
England,
n. Ingarani. -
enlarge,
v. t. whakanui;pass. whakanuia. -
enter,
v. t. tomo (with prep. ki);pass. tomokia equal,a. rite. -
evening,
n. ahiahi. -
exterior, the,
l. n. waho (§ 8). -
extinguish,
v. t. tinei;pass. tineia. -
eye,
n. kanohi. -
eyebrow,
n. tukemata.
-
face,
n. mata; kanohi. -
faint,
a. hemo. -
fair (without rain),
a. paki. -
fair (become),
v. i. mao. -
fall,
v. i. (from an upright position) hinga;pass, hingaia,be fallen upon. -
fall (as water), rere.
-
fall (from a height), drop,
v.i. makere. -
fall (as a landslip, etc.),
-
horo.
-
fall off,
v. i. taka. -
false,
a. teka. -
farewell! (to a person going), Haere rā! (to one remaining), E noho rā!
orHei kona! fast,a. tere. -
fast (fixed), be,
v. i. mau. -
fat,
n. ngako. -
fat,
a. mōmona. -
father,
n. pāpā. -
father-in-law,
n. hungawai. -
fear,
v. t. wehi (followed by prep. ki);pass. wehingia. -
feast,
n. hākari. -
feather,
n. huruhuru. -
February,
n. Pēpuere. -
feed,
v. t. whāngai;pass. whāngaia. -
fell,
v. t. tope;pass. topea. -
female,
a(human) wahine; (of animals) uha. -
fence,
n. taiepa. -
fern,
n. rau-aruhe. -
fern-root,
n. aruhe. -
fertile (land),
a. mōmona. -
fetch,
v. t. tiki;pass. tikina. (If from a distance useatu). -
fever,
n. pīwa. -
few, a. torutoru.
-
fifth,
a. tuarima. -
fight,
v. t. whawhai (followed by prep. ki);pass. whawhaitia. -
figure,
n. whika. -
fill,
v. t. whakakī;pass. whakakīia. -
find,
v. t. kite,pass. kitea. -
fine (weather),
a. paki;n. whaina. -
finger,
n. maikara. -
finger-nail,
n. maikuku. -
finish,
v. t. whakaoti. -
finished,
part. (as a meal), mutu; (completed), oti. -
fire,
n. ahi. -
firewood,
n. wahie. -
firm,
a. ū. -
first,
a. tuatahi. -
first,
adv. mātua. -
fish,
n. ika. -
fish, (with a line),
v. t. hī;pass. hīia. -
fish-hook,
n. matau. -
fixed,
part. ū; mau. (§ 66.) -
flame,
n. mura. -
flash,
v. i. (as lightning), kōwhā. -
flat,
a. pararahi. -
flax (dressed),
n. muka; whītau. -
flax-plant,
n. harakeke. -
flea,
n. puruhi. -
flesh,
n. kiko. -
flexible,
a. ngāwari. -
flint,
n. matā. -
float,
v. i. mānu. -
flock,
n. kāhui. -
flood,
n. waipuke. -
flour,
n. parāoa. -
flow,
v. i. rere; (as tide), pari. -
flower,
n. puāwai. -
fly,
n. rango. -
fly,
v. i. rere. -
foam,
n. huka. -
fog,
n. kohu. -
fold,
v. t. whakakopakopa;pass. whakakopakopaia. -
follow,
v. t. whai;pass. whaia. -
food,
n. kai. -
foolish,
a. kūware. -
foot,
n. waewae. -
foot (measure),
n. putu. -
footprint,
n. tapuwae. -
football,
n. hutupōro. -
for,
prep. mo; ma; hei. (§ 15);conj. ina. -
ford,
v. t. kau;pass. kauia. -
ford,
n. kauanga. -
forehead,
n. rae. -
fore leg,
n. peke. -
forest,
n. ngahere. -
forget,
v. t. wareware; (followed by prep. ki);pass. warewaretia. -
forgotten,
part. wareware. -
fork,
n. whāka. -
form,
n. āhua. -
former,
a. to mua. -
formerly,
adv. i mua. -
forsaken,
part. mahue. -
fortified place,
n. pā. -
fourth,
a. tuawhā. -
fowl,
n. manu. -
fresh,
a. hou; (as water) maori. -
Friday,
n. Parairei. -
friend,
n. hoa. -
frighten,
v. t. whakawehi;pass. whakawehia. -
frightened,
a. mataku. -
front (of house),
n. roro. -
front, the,
l. n. mua (§ 8). -
frost,
n. huka. -
fruit,
n. hua. -
fry,
v. t.; frying pan,n. parai. -
fuel,
n. wahie. -
full,
a. kī.
-
garden,
n. māra. -
garment,
n. kākahu. -
gateway,
n. kūwaha. -
gather (fruit),
v. t. tāhoro;pass. tāhoroa; whawhaki;pass. whakiia. -
gather together,
v. t. huihui;pass. huihuia. -
gazette,
n. kahiti. -
gently,
adv. ata. -
gimlet,
n. wiri. -
gird,
v. t. whītiki;pass. whītikiria; tātua;pass. tātuatia. -
girdle,
n. whītiki;tātua. -
girl,
n. kōtiro. -
girth,
n. whītiki; kāti. -
give,
v. t. hōmai; hōatu;pass. hōmai; hōatu; (mai denoting directiontowards, atuaway fromthe speaker (Notrans. prep. is used with the imperative.) -
glad,
a. koa. -
glass,
n. karāhe. -
go,
v. i. haere;pass. haerea,be travelled over. -
go away,
v. i. haere atu. -
go to and fro,
v. i. kōpikopiko. -
God,
n. Atua. -
gold,
n. koura. -
gone,
part. riro. -
good,
a. pai. -
goods,
n. taonga (pl.). -
grandchild,
n. mokopuna. -
grandfather, or grandmother,
n. tupuna;pl. tūpuna. -
grant,
n. karāti. -
grass,
n. pātītī; karaihe. -
gravel,
n. kirikiri. -
grease,
n. hinu. -
great,
a. nui; rahi. -
green (raw or not dry),
a. ota; kaiota; mata. -
greenstone,
n. pounamu. -
grey hairs,
n. hina. -
grind,
v. t. huri;pass. hurihia. -
groan,
v. i. aue. -
ground,
n. oneone. -
grow,
v. i. tupu;pass. tupuria. -
guest,
n. manuhiri. -
guide,
v. t. arahi;pass. arahina. -
guide,
n. kaiarahi. -
gun,
n. pū. -
gunpowder,
n. paura.
-
hair of the head,
n. makawe. -
hairs,
n. huruhuru. -
half,
n. hawhe. -
hammer,
n. hama. -
hand,
n. ringaringa. -
handkerchief,
n. aikiha. -
handle,
n. puritanga. -
handle, of an axe, etc.
n. kakau. -
hang,
v. i. iri. -
hang up,
v. t. whakairi;pass. whakairia. -
happened,
part. riro. -
hard,
a. pakeke. -
hat,
n. pōtae. -
hatchet,
n. pātītī. -
have,
v. t. (§ 65.) -
hawk,
n. kāhu. -
he,
pron. ia. -
head,
n. ūpoko. -
headache,
n. ānini. -
headland,
n. rae. -
hear,
v. t. rongo (with prep. kiori.);pass. rangona. -
heart,
n. manawa. -
heart, seat of affections,
n. ngakau. -
heart, of a tree,
n. iho. -
heat,
n. wera. -
heaven,
n. rangi. -
heavy,
a. taimaha. -
heel,
n. rekereke. -
height,
n. tiketike. -
hen,
n. heihei. -
hence,
adv. i konei. -
henceforth,
adv. a mua ake nei. -
her,
pers. pron. ia. -
her,
pron. tāna,pl. āna; tōna,pl. ōna. (§ 22.) -
herd,
n. kāhui. -
here,
adv. ki konei; kei konei; i konei; hei konei (§ 16); tenei. -
hereafter,
adv. a muri nei. -
hide,
v. t. huna;pass. hunaa. -
high,
a. tiketike. -
hill,
n. puke. -
him,
pron., ia. hindrance,n. mea hei ārai. -
his,
pron. tāna,pl. āna; tōna,pl. ōna. (§ 22.) -
hither,
adv. ki konei; mai (§ 8.) -
hoarse,
a. whango. -
hold,
v. t. pupuri;pass. puritia. -
hole,
n. rua; kōwhao. -
hollow,
a. pūare. -
holy,
a. tapu. -
home,
n. kāinga. -
honey,
n. miere; honi. -
hook,
n. matau. -
hoop,
n. whiti. -
hope for,
v. t. tūmanako (followed by prep. ki);pass. tumanakohia. -
horse,
n. hoiho. -
hospital,
n. hohipera. -
hot,
a. wera. -
hour,
n. haora. -
house,
n. whare. -
how,
adv. pēhea. (§ 81.) -
how many, hia (§ 6.)
-
hundredweight,
n. hānarete. -
hunger,
n. hemokai, matekai. -
hungry,
a. hemokai, hiakai. -
hurry, in a,
a. porangi. -
husband,
n. tāne.
-
I,
pron. ahau. -
idle,
a. māngere. -
if,
conj. ki te mea; me he mea (§ 48.) -
ignorant,
a. kūware. -
impatient,
a. whāwhai. -
in,
prep. ki roto i; kei roto i; i roto i; hei roto i. -
ink,
n. mangumangu. -
inland, (§ 8.)
-
insect,
n. ngārara. -
inside,
prep. (§ 16.) -
inside, the,
l.n. roto (§ 8.) -
intend,
v. t. whakaaro. -
intention,
n. whakaaro. -
interest,
n. itarete. -
interpret,
v. t. (into Maori) whakamaori;pass. whakamaoritia. -
interpreter,
n. kaiwhakamaori. -
interval,
n. takiwā. -
into,
prep. ki roto ki. -
intoxicated,
a. haurangi. -
invalid,
n. tūroro. -
iron,
n. rino; haeana. -
island,
n. motu.
-
jade,
n. pounamu. -
January,
n. Hanuere. -
jaw,
n. kauwae. -
join,
v. t. hono;pass. honoa. -
joint,
n. pona. -
journey,
n. haere. -
judge,
n. kaiwhakawa; tiati. -
July,
n. Hūrae. -
June,
n. Hūne. -
jury,
n. huuri. -
just,
a. tika.
-
keep,
v. t. (retain), pupuri; (with prep. iorki);pass. puritia; (take care of), tīaki;pass. tiakina. -
kettle,
n. tīkera. -
kill,
v. t. patu;pass. patua. -
kind,
a. atawhai. -
kind, of that,
a. pēna; pēra. (Comp. § 18.) -
kind, of this,
a. pēnei. -
kind, of what,
a. pēhea. -
knee,
n. turi. -
kneel,
v. i. tūturi. -
knife,
n. māripi. -
knot,
n. pona. -
knot of a tree,
n. puku. -
know,
v. t. mātau (followed by prep. ki);pass. matauria; mohio (with prep. ki);pass. mohiotia.
-
lace,
v. t. tuitui;pass. tuituia. -
ladder,
n. arawhata. -
lake,
n. roto. -
lamb,
n. rēme. -
lame,
a. kopa. -
lamp,
n. rama. -
land,
n. whenua. -
land,
v. i. ū ki uta. -
landing-place,
n. ūnga. -
landslip,
n. horo. -
language,
n. reo. -
large,
a. nui; rahi. -
last,
a. whakamutunga. -
last night,
adv. inapō, nōnapō. -
last year, tēra tau.
-
last week, tēra wīki.
-
latter,
a. to muri. -
laugh,
v. i. kata;pass. kataina, be laughed at. -
law,
n. ture. -
lawyer,
n. rōia. -
lay,
v. t. whakatakoto;pass, whakatakotoria, -
lazy,
a. māngere. -
lead,
v. t. arahi;pass. arahina. -
leaf,
n. rau. -
leak,
n. kōwhao. -
leap,
v. i. tūpeke. -
learn,
v. t. ako;pass. akona. -
lease,
n. rīhi. -
leather,
n. rera. -
leave,
v. t. whakarere;pass. whakarerea. -
leave off,
v. t. whakamutu;pass. whakamutua. -
leek,
n. rīki. -
left behind,
part. mahue. -
left hand,
n. ringa maui. -
left off, (as work, etc.),
part, mutu. -
leg,
n. waewae. -
length,
n. roa. -
lest,
conj. kei. -
let go,
v. t. tuku;pass. tukua. -
letter,
n. pukapuka; reta. -
license,
n. raihana. -
lick,
v. t. miti;pass. mitikia. -
lie,
v. i. takoto. -
lie,
n. korero teka. -
life,
n. ora. -
lift,
v. t. hāpai;pass. hāpainga. -
light,
a. (not heavy), māmā. -
light,
a. (not dark) mārama. -
light (a fire),
v. t. tahu;pass, tahuna. -
lightning,
n. uira. -
like,
a. rite. -
like,
v. t. pai (followed by prep. ki);pass. paingia. -
lime,
n. raima. -
line,
n. raina; (cord), aho. -
lip.
n. ngutu. -
listen,
v. i. whakarongo (followed by prep. ki). -
little,
a. iti;pl. ririki. -
live (dwell),
v. i. noho;pass. nohoia. -
liver,
n. ate. -
living,
a. ora. -
lizard,
n. moko. -
load (a canoe, etc.)
v. t. uta;pass. utaina. -
load,
n. utanga. -
lock,
n. raka. -
log,
n. poro (rakau). -
long,
a. roa. -
long ago,
adv. i mua. -
look,
v. t. titiro (followed by prep. ki);pass. tirohia. -
look for,
v. t. rapu (with prep. i or ki);pass. rapua. -
loose,
a. korokoro. -
loosen,
v. t. wewete;pass. wetekina. -
lost,
part. ngaro. -
love,
n. andv. aroha (with prep. ki);pass. arohaina. -
low,
a. hakahaka. -
low born,
a. ware, tutuā. -
lower,
a. to raro.
-
mad,
a. pōrangi. -
maize,
n. kaanga. -
make,
v. t. hanga;pass. hangaa. -
male,
a. (human), tāne; (of animals), toa. -
man,
n. tangata. -
manner,
n. ritenga. -
manure,
n. wairākau. -
many,
a. maha. (See also § 30.) -
March,
n. Maehe. -
marry,
v. t. mārena;pass. mārenatia. -
master,
n. māhita. -
mat, for clothing,
n. kākahu. -
mat (to lie on),
n. takapau. -
mat (floor),
n. whāriki. -
matter,
n. mea. -
May,
n. Mei. -
mealy,
a. māngaro. -
meaning,
n. tikanga. -
measure,
n. mēhua. -
medicine,
n. rongoa. -
meet,
v. t. tūtaki;pass. tūtakina. -
melon,
n. kākāriki. -
melon, water,
n. merengi. -
melt,
v. t. whakarewa;pass. whakarewaina. -
message,
n. kupu. -
messenger,
n. karere. -
middle, the,
l. n. waenganui (§ 8). -
midnight,
n. waenganui pō. -
midst, the,
l. n. roto (§ 8). -
migrate,
v. i. heke. -
mile,
n. maero. -
milk,
n. waiū; miraka. -
mill,
n. mira. -
mine,
pron. nāku. -
mind,
n. hinengaro. -
minute,
n. miniti. -
misfortune,
n. aituā. -
mix,
v. t. whakananu;pass. whakananua. -
moist,
a. mākū. -
Monday,
n. Manei. -
money,
n. moni. -
month,
n. mărama. -
moon,
n. mărama. -
morning,
n. ata. -
mortgage,
n. andv. mōkete. -
mosquito,
n. waeroa. -
mother,
n. whaea. -
mother-in-law,
n. hungă-wahine. -
motion (resolution),
n. mōtini. -
mouldy,
a. puru. -
mount,
v. t., eke. -
mountain,
n. maunga. -
mouse,
n. kīore. -
mouth,
n. māngai; (of a river), ngutu. -
move,
v. t. neke;pass. nekehia. -
much,
a. nui. -
mud,
n. paruparu. -
muddy,
a. paruparu. -
murder,
v. t. kōhuru;pass. kōhurutia. -
must, me (§ 56.)
-
my,
pron. tāku,pl. āku; tōku,pl. ōku. (§ 22.)
-
nail,
n. nēra. -
name,
n. ingoa. -
name,
v. t. hua;pass. huaina. -
narrate (
seetell). -
narrow,
a. whāiti. -
nation,
n. iwi. -
near,
a. tata. -
neck,
n. kakī. -
nephew,
n. irāmutu. -
needle,
n. ngira. -
nest,
n. kōhanga. -
net,
n. kupenga. -
new,
a. hou. -
next day, te aonga ake.
-
next year, tēra tau.
-
niece,
n. irāmutu. -
night,
n. pō. -
ninth,
a. tuaiwa. -
no,
adv. kāhore. -
noise,
n. turituri. -
noisy,
a. turituri. -
noon,
n. te poupoutanga o te ra. -
north,
n. raki. -
north wind,
n. hauraro. -
nose,
n. ihu. -
not,
adv. kāhore; kore; ēhara; kīhai; kaua; kauaka (§40 and Ch. viii.) -
not yet, kīano.
-
November,
n. Nōwema. -
now,
adv. āianei. -
nurse,
n, naahi.
-
oar,
n. hoe. -
obstructed,
part. kati. -
October,
n. Oketopa. -
odour,
n. haunga. -
of,
prep. a; o. (§ 22). -
office (study),
n. tari. -
oil,
n. hinu. -
old,
a. tawhito. -
old man,
n. koroheke; koroua. -
old woman,
n. rūruhi; kuia. -
on,
prep. ki runga i; kei runga i; i runga i; hei runga i. (§ 16.) -
on board,
prep. ki runga ki, etc. (§ 16). -
one,
a. kotahi. -
one another (§ 21).
-
onion,
n. rīki. -
only,
adv. anake; kau. -
open,
a. pūare; tūwhera. open,v. t. whakapūare;pass, whakapuaretia. -
open country,
n. kōraha. -
open (the mouth), hāmama (§ 62.)
-
open (the eyes), titiro. (§ 62.)
-
order (of court),
n. ōta. -
ordinary,
a. maori. -
orphan,
n. pani. -
other,
a. kē; tētahi atu. -
other side, the,
l.n. (§ 8.) -
others,
a. ētahi; ētahi atu. -
our,
pron. tā matou,pl. ā matou; tō matou,pl. ō matou, etc. (§ 18.) -
outer,
a. to waho. -
outside,
prep. (§ 16). -
outside, the,
l. n. waho (§ 8.) -
over,
prep. (§ 16). -
overflow,
v. i. huri;pass. hurihia. -
overtaken,
part. mau. -
owing to,
prep. na. -
own,
a. (See § 7.) -
oyster,
n. tio.
-
paddle,
n. hoe. -
pain,
n. mamae. -
paint,
n. peita. -
paling,
n. wana. -
palm (of the hand),
n. kapu. -
pant,
v. i. kahekahe. -
paper,
n. pepa; pukapuka. -
parent,
n. mătua;pl. mātua. -
part,
n. wāhi. -
pass,
v. i. pahure. -
path,
n. ara. -
pay for,
v. t. utu;pass. utua. -
payment,
n. utu. -
peace,
n. rongo mau. Make peace, hohou rongo;pass. houhia te rongo. Peace is made, ka mau te rongo. -
peach,
n. pītiti. -
peel,
v. t. tīhore;pass. tihorea. -
pen,
n. pene. -
pencil,
n. penerakau -
penny,
n. pene; kapa. -
pension,
n. penehana. -
people,
n. tāngata (pl.); iwi. -
perpendicular,
a. poupou. -
per cent., paiheneti.
-
perhaps,
adv. pea. -
piece,
n. pīhi. -
pierce,
v. t. poka;pass. pokaia. -
pig,
n. poaka. -
pigeon,
n. kūkū, kūkupa. -
pit,
n. rua. -
pity,
v. t. atawhai;pass. atawhaitia. -
place,
n. wāhi. -
place,
v. t. maka;pass. makaa. -
plain,
n. mānia. -
plain,
a. mārama. -
plait,
v. t. whiri;pass. whiria. -
plant,
v. t. whakatō;pass. whakatōkia. -
play,
v. i. tākaro; purei. -
pleasant,
a. āhuareka. -
pleased, be,
v. i. rekareka. -
plough,
n. andv. parau. -
pluck,
v. t. whawhaki;pass. whakiia. -
pluck up,
v. t. huhuti;pass. hutia. -
point,
n. matamata. -
pole,
n. toko. -
pool,
n. roto. -
poor,
a. rawakore. -
portion,
n. wāhi; (of land), pīhi. -
possessing,
a. whai (the thing possessed being treated like an adjective qualifying whai); whai pukapuka,book-possessing. -
possessions,
n. taonga. -
possible, e taea (
lit. will be effected). -
post,
n. pou. -
post office,
n. poutāpeta. -
pot (for cooking),
n. kōhua. -
potato,
n. rīwai; taewa. -
potato, sweet,
n. kūmara. -
pound,
n. pauna. -
praise,
v. t. whakapai;pass. whakapaingia. -
pray,
v. t. inoi;pass. inoia. -
precipice,
n. pari. -
present,
n. mea hōatu noa; mea hōmai noa. -
presently,
adv. ākuanei. -
present time, the,
l. n. aianei (§ 8). -
press,
n. perehi. -
price,
n. utu. -
prick,
v. t. wero;pass. werohia. -
priest,
n. piriti. -
print,
v. t. perehi. -
prison,
n. whare herehere. -
prisoner,
n. herehere. -
privately,
adv. puku. -
property,
n. taonga (pl.). -
proverb,
n. pepeha; whakataukī. -
provided,
part. rato; (§ 66). -
public-house,
n. paparakauta. -
pull,
v. t. kukume;pass. kumea. -
pull up,
v. t. huhuti;pass. hutia. -
pumpkin,
n. paukena. -
purpose, (§ 86).
-
push,
v. t. pana;pass. panaa. -
put,
v. t. maka;pass. makaa. -
put across,
v. t. whakawhiti;pass. whakawhitia. -
put out the tongue,
v. i. whātero. (§ 62.) -
put side by side,
v. t. apiti;pass, apititia. -
put together,
v. t. huihui;pass. huihuia.
-
quarrel,
v. i. kakari. -
quarter,
n. koata. -
question,
v. t. pātai (with prep. ki);pass. pātaia. -
quick,
a. tere; honoro. -
quiet,
a. ata noho; mārire. -
quieted,
part. mauru; (§ 66.) -
quite,
adv. tino. (§ 25.)
-
race (horse), purei hoiho.
-
rail (of a fence),
n. huahua; rēri. -
rain,
n. ua. -
rainbow,
n, uenuku; kahukura. -
raise,
v. t. hāpai;pass. hāpainga. -
ram,
v. t. tuki;pass. tukia. -
rat,
n. kīore. -
rate,
n. rēti. -
raw,
a. kaiota. -
reach,
v. i. tutuki; tae (followed byki). -
read,
v. t. kōrero (pukapuka);pass. kōrerotia. -
rear, the,
l. n. muri (§ 8). -
reason,
n. take. -
receive,
v. t. tango;pass. tangohia. -
red,
a. whero. -
refuse,
v. t. whakakino (with prep. ki).pass. whakakinongia. -
reject,
v. t. whakarere;pass. whakarerea. -
religion,
n. karakia. -
remain,
v. i. (in place) noho; (as a residue) toe. -
remainder,
n. toenga. -
remember,
v. t. mahara (followed byki);pass. maharatia. -
rent,
n. rēti. -
reptile,
n. ngārara. -
rest,
v. i. okioki. -
restraint, without,
adv. noa. -
return,
v. i. hoki;v. t. whakahoki;pass. whakahokia. -
rib,
n. rara. -
rich,
a. whai-taonga. -
riches,
n. taonga. -
rider,
n. kaieke hoiho. -
right,
a. tika. -
right (hand),
a. matau. -
ring,
n. mōwhiti; rīni. -
ripe,
a. maoa. -
rise,
v. i. ara; (as the sun) rere. -
river,
n. awa. -
road,
n. huarahi; rōri. -
roast,
v. t. tunu;pass. tunua. -
rob,
v. t. pāhua;pass. pāhuatia. -
rock,
n. kāmaka; toka. -
rock, flat,
n. tuāpapa. -
roll,
v. t. huri;pass. hurihia. -
roof,
n. tuanui. -
root,
n. pakiaka. -
rope,
n. taura. -
rotten,
a. pirau. -
rough,
a. taratara. -
round,
a. porotaka. -
roundabout,
a. āwhio. -
row,
v. t. hoe;pass. hoea. -
row,
n. rārangi. -
rub,
v. t. muku;pass. mukua; miri;pass. miria. -
run,
v. i. oma;pass. omakia,be run for. -
rust,
n. waikura.
-
sad,
a. pouri. -
saddle,
n. nohoanga; tera. -
sail,
n. rā. -
sail,
v. i. rere;pass. rerengia;be sailed over. -
salt,
n. tote. -
sand,
n. onepu. -
sand-bank,
n. tāhuna. -
sand-fly,
n. namu. -
sap (white wood),
n. taitea. -
sapling,
n. kōhuri. -
satisfied,
part. mākona. (§ 66). -
Saturday,
n. Hātarei. -
saucepan,
n. hōpane. -
save,
v. t. whakaora;pass. whakaorangia. -
savoury,
a. kakara. -
saw,
n. kani. -
saw,
v. t. kani;pass. kania. -
say,
v. t. kī;pass. kiia; korero;pass. korerotia. -
scarce,
a. onge. -
scatter,
v. t. tītari;pass. tītaria. -
scattered,
part. marara. -
school,
n. kura. -
scissors,
n. kutikuti. -
Scotch thistle,
n. kotimana. -
scrape,
v. t. waru;pass. waruhia. -
sea,
n. moana; the sea,l. n. tai (§ 8.) -
sea-water,
n. wai tai. -
search for,
v. t. rapu (with prep. iorki);pass. rapua. -
seaside,
n. (§ 8.) -
seat,
n. nohoanga. -
second,
a. tuarua. -
secret,
a. ngaro. -
self (
see§ 7.) -
secretly,
adv. puku. -
see,
v. t. kite;pass. kitea. -
seed,
n. purapura. -
seek,
v. t. rapu (with prep. iorki);pass. rapua. -
seize,
v. t. hopu;pass. hopukia. -
sell,
v. t. hoko;pass. hokona. -
send,
v. t. tono;passtonoa. (Not used of sending inanimate things, presents, etc.; in such cases usehōatu or hōmai). -
separate,
a. motu kē. -
September,
n. Hepetema. -
servant,
n. kaimahi; hāwini. -
served,
part. rato. (§ 66.) -
service, (religious),
n. karakia. -
set,
v. i. (as the sun) tō. -
set, on fire,
v. t. tahu;pass. tahuna. -
seventh,
a. tuawhitu. -
sever,
v. t. momotu;pass. motuhia. -
severed,
part. motu (§ 66.) -
sew,
v. t. tuitui;pass. tuituia. -
shadow,
n. ata. -
shady,
a. marumaru. -
shake,
v. i. oioi. -
shake,
v. t. whakaoioi;pass. whakaoioia. -
shame,
n. whakamā. -
shape,
n. āhua. -
share,
n. hea. -
shark,
n. mangō. -
sharp,
a. koi. -
sharpen,
v. t. whakakoi;pass. whakakoia. -
shawl,
n. hōro. -
she,
pron. ia. -
shear,
v. t. kutikuti;pass. kutikutia. -
sheep,
n. hīpi. -
shilling,
n. hereni. -
shine,
v. i. whiti. -
ship,
n. kaipuke. -
shirt,
n. hāte. -
shiver,
v. i. wiri. -
shoal,
n. tāhuna. -
shoe,
n. hū. -
shoot,
v. t. pupuhi;pass. puhia. -
shore, the,
l. n. uta (§ 8). -
short,
a. poto. -
shot,
n. hoto. -
shoulder,
n. pokohiwi; (of a beast) peke. -
shout,
v. i. hāmama. -
show,
v. t. whakaatu;pass. whakaaturia. -
shrivelled,
a. ngingio. -
shut,
v. t. pā;pass. pāia. -
shut the eyes, moe; kimo.
-
sick,
a. mate. -
sickness,
n. mate. -
side,
n. taha. -
side (of the body),
n. kaokao. -
side, the other,
l. n. tua; tāwāhi (§ 8.) -
sift,
v. t. tātari;pass. tātaria. -
sight, out of,
a. ngaro. -
silent,
a. kupu-kore. -
sin,
n. hara. -
since,
conj. ina. -
sing,
v. t. waiata;pass. waiatatia. -
singe,
v. t. hunuhunu;pass. hunuhunua. -
single,
a. kotahi. -
sink,
v. i. totohu. -
sister,
n. (a man's) tuahine;pl. tuāhine; (a woman's elder) tuakana;pl. tuākana; (a woman's younger) teina;pl. tēina. -
sister-in-law,
n. (a man's) auwahine; (a woman's) taokete. -
sit,
v. i. noho;pass. nohoia,be sat upon. -
site,
n. tūnga. -
sixth,
a. tuaono. -
size,
n. nui. -
skilful,
a. tohunga. -
skilled person,
n. tohunga. -
skin,
n. kiri. -
skull,
n. angaanga. -
sky,
n. kikorangi. -
slap,
v. t. papaki;pass. pakia. -
slate,
n. tereti. -
slave,
n. pononga. -
sleep,
v. i. moe. -
sleepy,
a. hiamoe. -
slip,
v. i. paheke; (as land) horo. -
slippery,
a. mania. -
slow,
a. pūhoi. -
slowly,
adv. ata. (§ 79.) -
small,
a. nohinohi; paku; iti. -
smear,
v. t. pani;pass. pania. -
smell,
v. t. hongi;pass. hongia. -
smell,
n. haunga. -
smoke,
n. auahi; paoa. -
smooth,
a. māeneene. -
snare,
n. kaha. -
sneeze,
v. i. matihe. -
snore,
v. i. ngongoro. -
snow,
n. hukarere. -
so,
adv. (in that manner) pēna; pēra. (§ 18.) -
soda,
n. houra. -
soft,
a. ngohengohe. -
soil,
n. oneone. -
soldier,
n. hoia. -
sole of the foot,
n. raparapa. -
solid,
a. mārō. -
some,
def. tētahi;pl. ētahi; he (§ 18). -
son,
n. tama. -
son-in-law,
n. hunaonga. -
soon,
ad. wawe; meāke. -
soot,
n. awe. -
sorcery,
n. mākutu. -
sorry,
a. pouri. -
sort,
n. tū. -
sound,
n. tangi. -
sound,
a. ora. -
south,
n. tonga. -
sow,
v. t. rui;pass. ruia. -
space,
n. takiwā. -
spade,
n. kāheru. -
spark,
n. kora. -
speak,
v. i. kōrero;pass. kōrerotia,be spoken about. spear,n. tao. -
spear,
v. t. wero;pass. werohia. -
spell,
n. mākutu. -
spent,
part. mahiti. (§ 66.) -
spider,
n. pungawerewere. -
spittle,
n. hūware. -
split,
v. t. wāwāhi;pass. wāhia; tītore;pass. tītorea. -
sprained,
part. taui; takoki. (§ 66.) -
spread,
v. t. hora;pass. horahia. -
spread out,
part. māhora. -
spring (of water),
n. puna. -
spur,
n. kipa. -
square,
a. tapawhā. -
stable,
n. tēpara. -
staff,
n. tokotoko. -
stagger,
v. i. hūrorirori. -
stalk,
n. kakau. -
stallion,
n. tariana. -
stand,
v. i. tū. -
stand up,
v. i. whakatika. -
star,
n. whetū. -
start,
v. i. oho; (on a journey) whakatika. -
stay,
v. i. noho. -
steal,
v. t. tāhae;pass. tāhaetia. -
steamer,
n. tīma. -
steep,
a. poupou. -
stern,
n. kei. -
sternpost,
n. taurapa. -
steward,
n. tūari. -
stick,
n. rākau. -
stick, walking,
n. tokotoko. -
stick,
v. i. piri; mau. -
stiff,
a. mārō. -
still,
adv. tonu. -
stink,
v. i. piro. -
stir round,
v. t. kōrorirori;pass. kōroriroria. -
stocking,
n. tōkena. -
stomach,
n. puku. -
stone,
n. kōwhatu. -
stoop,
v. i. tūohu. -
store,
n. toa. -
storm,
n. tūpuhi. -
straight,
a. tika. -
strange,
a. kē. -
stranger,
n. tauhou. -
strap,
n. tau; rera. -
straw,
n. tākakau. -
street,
n. tiriti. -
strength,
n. kaha. -
stretch,
v. t. whakamārō;pass. whakamarokia. -
stretch out,
v. i. totoro;pass. torona. -
strike,
v. t. patu;pass. patua. -
strike with the fist,
v. t. moto;pass. motokia. -
string,
n. aho. -
stroll,
v. i. hāereere. -
strong,
a. kaha. -
struck,
part. pā; whara. -
stumble,
v. i. tūtuki. -
stump,
n. tumutumu. -
subside,
v. i. mimiti. -
suck,
v. t. ngote;pass. ngotea. -
suddenly,
adv. whakarere. -
suffer,
v. i. mate. -
sugar,
n. huka. -
summer,
n. raumati. -
summit,
n. tihi. -
summons,
n. hāmene. -
sun,
n. rā. -
Sunday,
n. Rātapu. -
sunrise,
n. rerenga o te ra. -
sunset,
n. tōnga o te ra. -
supple,
a. ngohengohe. -
surf,
n. karekare. -
surly,
a. pukuriri. -
survey (land),
v. t. rūri;pass. rūritia. -
swallow,
v. t. horo;pass. horomia. -
swamp,
n. repo. -
sweat,
n. kakawa. -
sweep,
v. t. purūma. -
sweet,
a. reka. -
swell,
v. i. pupuhi. -
swift,
a. tere. -
swim,
v. i. kauhoe.
-
table,
n. tēpu; (schedule) tēpara. -
tail,
n. waero. -
take,
v. t. tangopass. tangohia. -
taken away,
part. riro. -
talk,
v. i. kōrero;pass. kōrerotia (be talked about). -
tall,
a. roa. -
tame,
a. rata. -
tarpaulin,
n. tāpōrena. -
tax,
n. takoha. -
teach,
v. t. whakaako;pass. whakaakona. -
teapot,
n. tīpata. -
tear,
n. roimata. -
tear,
v. t. haehaepass. haea. -
telegram,
n. telegraph,v. t. waea. -
tell,
v. t. (narrate) kōrero;pass. kōrerotia; (bid) kī;passkīia. -
than,
conj. i. -
that,
def. tēna; tēra; taua. (§ 21.) -
thatch,
v. t. tāpatu;pass. tāpatutia. -
their,
pron. tā ratou,pl. ā ratou; tō ratou,pl. ō ratou; tā raua,pl. ā raua; tō raua,pl. ō raua. -
them,
pron. (§ 5). -
then,
adv. i reira; ko reira. -
thence,
adv. i reira; i kona; i kō. (§ 8.) -
there,
adv. ki reira; kei rera; i reira; hei reira; ki kona, etc.; ki kō, etc. (§ 8). -
they,
pron. dual, rāua;pl. ratou (§ 5). -
thick,
a. mātotoru. -
thief,
v. tāhae, kaiā. -
thigh,
n. hūhā. -
thin,
a. rahirahi. -
thine,
pron. nāu, nōu. (§ 22.) -
thing,
n. mea. -
think of,
v. t. mahara (followedbyprep. ki);pass. maharatia. -
thirst,
n. matewai. -
thirsty,
a. hiainu. -
this,
def. tēnei;pl. ēnei. -
thither,
adv. ki kona; ki kō; ki reira. (§ 8.) -
thorn,
n. koikoi. -
thread,
n. miro; tareti. -
throat,
n. korokoro. -
through, go or come,
v. i. puta. -
throng,
v. t. popō;pass. popōkia. -
throw,
v. t. makapass. makaa. -
thumb,
n. koromatua; konui. -
thunder,
n. whatitiri. -
Thursday,
n. Taitei. -
thus,
adv. pēnei. -
thy,
def. tāu;pl. āu: tōu;pl. ōu: tŏpl. ŏ. (§ 22.) -
tide,
n. tai; flood tide, tai pari; ebb tide, tai timu. -
tie,
v. t. here;pass. herea. -
tight,
a. kikī. -
tighten,
v. t. whakakikī;pass. whakakikītia. -
time,
n. taima. In time, wawe. -
tip,
n. matamata. -
tobacco,
n. tūpeka. -
to-day,
adv. āianei; ināianei; nonāianei. -
toe,
n. maikara. -
together,
adv. tahi. -
to-morrow,
adv. āpōpō. -
to-morrow, the day after, tētahi rā.
-
ton,
n. tana. -
tongue,
n. arero. -
to-night,
adv. hei tēnei pō. -
tooth,
n. niho. -
top, the,
l.n. runga. (§ 8.) -
torch,
n. rama. -
torn,
a. pakaru. -
tough,
a. uaua. -
tow,
n. muka. -
towel,
n. tauera. -
town,
n. taone. -
trample on,
v. t. takahi;pass. takahia. -
translate into Maori,
v. t. whakamaori;pass. whakamaoriitia. -
travellers, company of,
n. ope. -
treaty,
n. tiriti. -
tree,
n. rākau. -
tremble,
v. t. wiri. -
trench,
n. manga. -
trouble,
n. raruraru. -
trousers,
n. rautete. -
true,
a. pono. -
try,
v. t. whakamātau;pass. whakamātauria. -
tub,
n. tāpu. -
Tuesday,
n. Tūrei. -
turn,
v. t. huri;pass. hurihia,v. i. tahuri. -
turn aside,
v. i. peka. -
twilight,
n. kakarauritanga. -
twins,
n. māhanga. -
twist,
v. t. whiri;pass. whiria; wiri;pass. wiria. -
typhoid,
n. taipo.
-
udder,
n. ū. -
umbrella,
n. amarara. -
uncle,
n. matua kēkē. -
under,
prep. ki raro ki; ki raro i; kei raro i; i raro i; hei raro i. (§§ 8, 16.) -
understand,
v. t. kite;pass. kitea; mohio (with prep. ki;pass. mohiotia. -
union,
n. uniana. -
unripe,
a. mata; kaiota. -
untie,
v. t. wewete;pass. wetekia. -
untied,
part. matara. -
until,
conj. a (§ 87.) -
up,
adv. ake. (§ 81.) -
upon,
prep. (§ 16). -
upper,
a. to runga. (§ 8.) -
upset,
v. i. tahuri. -
urgent, be,
v. i. tohe;pass. tohea. -
us,
pron. (§ 5). -
usual,
a. maori. -
utter,
v. t. whakapuaki;pass, whakapuakina.
-
valley,
n. awaawa. -
value, equivalent,
n. ritenga; wariu. -
vein,
n. uaua. -
very,
adv. tino; rawa. (§ 79.) -
village,
n. kāinga. -
voice,
n. reo. -
vomit,
v. t. ruaki;pass. ruakina. -
vote,
n. andv. pooti.
-
wade,
v. i. kau. -
wait for,
v. t. tatari (followed by prep. ki);pass. tāria. -
wake,
v. t. whakaara;pass. whakaarahia. -
walk,
v. i. haere. -
walk about,
v. i. hāereere. -
wall (of a house),
n. pakitara. -
want (of anything), -kore, as suffix. Want of food, kai-kore.
-
war,
n. riri; pakanga. -
warm,
a. mahana. -
warrant,
n. warati. -
wash,
v. t. horoi;pass. horoia. -
watch,
n. wāti. -
water,
n. wai. -
waterproof,
n. tāpōrena. -
wave,
n. ngaru. -
way,
n. ara. -
we,
pron. excl. dual, māua;pl. mātou;incl. dual, tāua;pl. tātou. (§ 5.) -
weak,
a. ngoikore. -
weapon,
n. patu; rākau. -
weary,
a. ngenge,hōhā. -
weather, fine, rangi paki.
-
weather, bad, rangi kino.
-
weave,
v. t. whatu;pass. whatua; raranga;pass. rangaa. -
wedge,
n. ora; wēti. -
Wednesday,
n. Wenerei. -
weed,
n. otaota; taru. -
week,
n. wīki. -
weep,
v. i. tangi;pass. tangihia,be wept for. -
weigh,
v. t. pauna;pass. paunatia. -
weight,
n. wēti. -
well,
n. poka. -
well (in health),
a. ora. -
well,
adv. pai. -
west,
n. uru. -
west wind,
n. hauauru. -
wet,
a. mākū. -
whale,
n. tōhora; wēra. -
wharf,
n. wāpu. -
what,
pron. aha. -
whatever (§ 78.)
-
what place,
l. n. hea (§ 8). -
wheel,
n. wiira. -
wheel-barrow,
n. huriparo. -
when?
adv. (past), nōnahea; inahea; (future) ā hea. (§ 82); ina. -
whence?
adv. i hea? no hea? -
where?
adv. kei hea? i hea? hei hea? -
whether—or,
rānei—rānei. -
whip,
n. wepu. -
whistle,
v. i. whio. -
white,
a. mā. -
whiten,
v. t. whakamā;pass. whakamākia. -
whither?
adv. ki hea? ko hea. -
whoever. (§ 77.)
-
whole, the,
n. katoa. -
why?
adv. he aha? na te aha? (§ 84.) -
wife,
n. wahine;pl. wāhine. -
wild,
a. māka. -
willing,
a. pai. -
wind,
n. hau. -
winding,
a. āwhiowhio. -
window,
n. mataaho. -
wing,
n. parirau. -
wink,
v. i. kimo. -
winter,
n. hōtoke. -
wipe,
v. t. ukui;pass. ukuia. -
wire,
n. waea. -
wish for,
v. t. hiahia (followed by prep. ki);pass. hiahiatia. -
with,
prep. ki; i. (§ 15.) -
woman,
n. wahine;pl. wahine. -
wood,
n. rākau. (See Forest.) -
word,
n. kupu. -
work,
v. t. mahi;pass. mahia. -
worth, see value.
-
wounded,
part. tū. -
wrap,
v. t. takai;pass. takaia. -
write,
v. t. tuhituhi;pass. tuhituhia. -
wrong,
n. hē.
-
yard (measure),
n. iāri. -
yawn,
v. i. tūwaharoa. -
year,
n. tau. -
yes,
adv. ae. -
yesterday,
adv. i nanahi; no nanahi (§ 8). -
yonder,
a. tēra;l.n. ko (§ 8). -
you,
pron. sing. koe;dual, kōrua;pl. koutou (§ 5). -
young,
a. tamariki. -
young, of animals,
n. kuao. -
your,
pron. ā korua,pl. ā korua; tō korua,pl. ō korua; tā koutou;pl. ā koutou; tō koutou,pl. ō koutou. (§ 22.). -
youth (young man),
n. taitama.
Maori—English.
-
ā,
v. t. drive. -
ā,
conj. and (§ 87). -
a,
nominal prefix(§ 9.) -
ae,
adv. yes;v. i. assent. -
aha,
pron. what;v. t. (§ 60);pass. ahatia. -
ahau,
pron. I, me. -
āhea,
adv. when (future). -
āhei,
v. i. be able, can, (not followed by a prep.) -
ahi,
n. fire. -
ahiahi,
n. evening. -
aho,
n. line; string. -
āhua,
n. form, shape, likeness, appearance. -
āhuareka,
a. pleasant. -
ai,
rel. part. (§ 73.) -
āianei,
adv. now, to-day;l. n. the present (§ 8). -
aikiha,
n. handkerchief. -
aituā,
n. misfortune. -
aki,
v. t. dash. -
ako,
v. t. learn. -
akuanei,
adv. now, presently. -
Ākuhata,
n. August. -
amarara,
n. umbrella. -
amo,
v. t. carry on the shoulders. -
ana,
verbal particle(§ 44.) -
anake,
adv. only. -
ānini,
n. headache. -
ano,
adv. again; (after a negative) yet. (§ 7.) -
angaanga,
n. skull. -
ao,
v. i. dawn. Te aonga ake, the following day. -
aoake,
l. n. the day before, the day after. (§ 8.) -
Aperira,
n. April. -
āpiti,
v. t. put side by side, add. -
āpōpō,
adv. to-morrow. -
āporo,
n. apple. -
ara,
v. i. rise, awake. -
ara,
n. path, way. -
arahi,
v. t. guide, lead;pass. arahina. -
ārai,
v. t. hinder, obstruct. -
arawhata,
n. ladder. -
arero,
n. tongue. -
aroha,
n. love;v t. yearn for, love. -
aruhe,
n. fernroot. -
ata,
n. shadow. -
ata,
n. morning. -
ata,
adv. gently, slowly, quietly. -
ataahua,
a. beautiful. -
atawhai,
a. kind;v. t. pity. -
ate,
n. liver. -
āteha,
n. assessor. -
atu,
adv. (§ 81.) -
atua,
n. god. -
au,
n. current. -
auahi,
n. smoke. -
autāne,
n. brother-in-law (of woman). -
auwahine,
n. sister-in-law (of man). -
awa,
n. channel, river. -
awaawa,
n. valley. -
awakeri,
n. ditch. -
awatea,
n. daylight. -
awe,
n. soot. -
awhi,
v. t. embrace. -
āwhio,
a. round about;v. t. go round. -
āwhiowhio,
a. winding.
-
e,
prep. by (agent after pass. vb.). -
e,
verbal particle(§ 43). -
ea,
part. paid for (§ 66). -
ēhara,
adv. not (§ 40). -
ēhea,
int. pron. which;pl. oftēhea. -
eka,
n. acre. -
eke,
v. t. mount, embark;pass. ekengia. -
ēna,
pron., pl. oftēna. (§ 18). -
ēnei,
pron., pl. of tēnei (§ 18.) -
ēngari,
conj. but, (after a negative). -
ēra,
pron., pl. oftēra. (§ 18). -
ētahi,
a. pl. oftētahi. (§ 18.)
-
haeana,
n. iron. -
haehae,
v. t. tear. -
haere,
v. i. go, come, walk;pass. haerea, be travelled over;n. journey. -
hāereere,
v. i. stroll, walk about. -
hāhi,
n. church (denomination). -
hakahaka,
a. low. -
hākari,
n. feast. -
hama,
n. hammer. -
hāmama,
v. i. be open, shout (§ 62.) -
hāmanu,
n. ammunition. -
hāmene,
n. summons;v. t. summon. -
hanarete,
n. hundredweight. -
Hanuere,
n. January. -
hanga,
v. t. make, build;pass. hangaa. -
hao,
v. t. catch (in a net);pass, haoa. -
haora,
n. hour. -
hara,
n. andv. i. sin. -
harakeke,
n. flax plant. -
hāpai,
v. t. lift; raise;pass. hāpainga. -
Hātarei,
n. Saturday. -
hāte,
n. shirt. -
hau,
n. wind. -
hauauru,
n. west wind. -
hauhake,
v. t. dig up (a crop);pass. hauhakea. -
haunga,
n. smell, odour. -
haurangi,
a. drunken, intoxicated. -
hauraro,
n. north wind. -
hāwini,
n. servant. -
hāwhe,
n. anda. half. -
hē,
n. anda. wrong. -
he,
art. a, some. (§ 18.) -
hea,
n. share. -
hea,
l. n. what place, what time. (§ 8.) -
heke,
v.i. descend, migrate. -
hei,
prep. (§ 15.) -
heihei,
n. hen. -
hemo,
a. faint;part. consumed. (§ 66.) -
hemokai,
n. hunger. -
Hepetema,
n. September. -
here,
v t. tie;n. bond. -
heu,
n. razor;v. t. shave. -
hia,
inter. a. how many? -
hiahia,
v. t. desire, wish for. -
hiainu,
a. thirsty. -
hīako,
n. bark, hide. -
hiamoe,
a. sleepy. -
hina,
n. grey hair;a. grey haired. -
hinengaro,
n. mind. -
hinu,
n. grease, oil. -
hinga,
v. i. fall (from an upright position);pass. hingaia. -
hīpi,
n. sheep. -
hīpoki,
v. t. cover;n. coverlet. -
hoa,
n. companion, friend, hoa-riri,n. enemy. -
hōatu,
v. t. give away. -
hoe,
n. paddle, oar;v. t. row. -
hōhā,
a. weary. -
hōhonu,
a. deep. -
hohoro,
v. i. hasten. -
hohou rongo,
v. t. make peace. -
hōia,
n. soldier. -
hōiho,
n. horse. -
hoki,
v. i. return;conj. and, also. -
hoko,
v. t. buy, sell, barter. -
hōmai,
v. t. give (to, or towards the speaker). -
honi,
n. honey. -
hono,
v. t. join. -
hongi,
v. t. smell, salute (by pressing noses). -
hōpane,
n. saucepan. -
hopu,
v. t. catch; seize;pass. hopukia. -
hora,
v. t. spread. -
hōro,
n. shawl. -
horo,
v. i. fall, or slip (as earth, etc.);n. landslip. -
horo,
v. t. swallow. -
horoi,
v. t. cleanse, wash. -
hota,
n. shot. -
hōtoke,
n. winter. -
hou,
a. new, fresh. -
houhia,
pass. ofhohou. -
houra,
n. soda. -
hū,
n. bog, shoe, boot. -
hua,
n. fruit;in pl. crop;v. i. bear fruit. -
hua,
v. t. name, call (name);pass. huaina. -
huahua,
n. rail (of fence). -
huarahi,
n. road. -
hūhā,
n. thigh. -
huhua,
a. abundant. -
huhuti,
v. t. pull up;pass. hutia. -
huihui,
v. t. orv. i. assemble; put together; gather together;pass. huihuia. -
huka,
n. frost, cold, foam, sugar. -
hukarere,
n. snow. -
huna,
v. t. hide. -
hunaonga,
n. son-in-law, daughter-in-law. -
Hūne,
n. June. -
hunuhunu,
v. t. singe. -
hungawai,
n. father-in-law. -
hungawai wahine,
n. mother-in-law. -
hūpeke,
v. i. bend (arm or leg). (§ 62.) -
Hūrae,
n. July. -
huri,
v. t. grind, turn. -
huri,
v. i. overflow;pass. hurihia, be inundated. -
huriparo,
n. wheelbarrow. -
hūrorirori,
v. i. stagger. -
huruhuru,
n. hair, feather. -
hutia,
pass. of huhuti. -
hutupōro,
n. football. -
huuri,
n. jury. -
hūware,
n. spittle.
-
ia,
pron. he, she, him, her. (§ 5.) -
iāri,
n. yard (measure). -
iho,
n. heart (of tree). -
iho,
adv. (§ 81.) -
ihu,
n. nose, bow (of canoe). -
ika,
n. fish. -
ina,
conj. for, since;adv. when. -
ināhea,
inter. adv. when? -
ināianei,
adv. to-day, just now. -
inanahi,
adv. yesterday. -
inapō,
adv. last night. -
inihi,
n. inch. -
inoi,
v. t. beg, pray. -
inu,
v. t. drink. -
Ingarani,
n. England. -
ingoa,
n. name. -
ipu,
n. bottle. -
irāmutu,
n. nephew, niece. -
iri,
v. i. hang. -
itarete,
n. interest. -
iti,
a. small, little. -
iwa,
num. nine. -
iwi,
n. bone, people, nation.
-
ka,
verbal particle(§ 44). -
kā,
v. i. burn. -
kaanga,
n. corn, maize. -
kaha,
a. strong,n. strength, snare. -
kahaki,
v. t. carry off (by force);pass. kahakina. -
kahekahe,
v. i. pant. -
kāheru,
n. spade. -
kahiti,
n. gazette. -
kāho,
n. cask. -
kāhore,
adv. no, not. (§ 40.) -
kāhu,
n. hawk. -
kāhui,
n. flock, herd. -
kahukura,
n. rainbow. -
kai,
n. food;v. t. eat. -
kai, as prefix. (§ 58.)
-
kaiā,
n. thief;v. t. steal. -
kaiarahi,
n. guide. -
kaikā,
a. eager. -
kaimahi,
n. doer, servant. -
kāinga,
n. home, village, abode. -
kaiota,
a. raw, unripe. -
kaipuke,
n. ship. -
kairūri,
n. surveyor. -
kaiwhakamaori,
n. interpreter. -
kaiwhakawā,
n. judge. -
kākahu,
n. garment, clothing, mat. -
kakara,
a. savoury -
kakarauritanga,
n. twilight -
kakari,
v. i. quarrel. -
kākāriki,
n. parrakeet, melon. -
kakau,
n. handle (of axe, etc.), stalk. -
kakawa,
n. sweat. -
kakī,
n. neck. -
kāmaka,
n. rock. -
kāmura,
n. carpenter. -
kānara,
n. candle. -
kani,
n. saw. -
kanikani,
v. i. dance. -
kanohi,
n. eye, face. -
kaokao,
n. side (of body) -
kapa,
n. copper, penny. -
kāpata,
n. cupboard. -
kāpehu,
n. compass. -
kāpeti,
n. cabbage. -
kapu,
n. palm (of hand). -
kapua,
n. cloud. -
karāhe,
n. glass. -
karaihe,
n. grass. -
karakia,
n. religion, service. -
karanga,
v. t. call, call out. -
kararehe,
n. beast. -
karāti,
n. grant. -
karehā,
l. n. the day before yesterday; the day after to-morrow (§ 8). -
karekare,
n. surf. -
karere,
n. messenger. -
kāreti,
n. college. -
kata,
v. i. laugh. -
kāti,
excl. cease! enough! -
kāti,
n. girth (for saddle). -
kati,
part. obstructed. -
kātipa,
n. constable. -
katoa,
a. all;n. whole. -
kau,
v. t. ford, wade;pass. kauia. -
kau,
adv. only (§ 83.) -
kau,
n. cow. -
kaua,
orkauaka,adv. not (imperative or subjunctive). (§§ 47, 48). -
kauhoe,
v. i. swim;v. t. swim over;pass. kauhoetia -
kaukau,
v. i. bathe. -
kaumātua,
a. adult. -
kaunihera,
n. council. -
kautanga,
adv. (§ 80.) -
kaute,
n. account, bill. -
kauwae,
n. chin, jaw. -
kawa,
a. bitter. -
kawe,
v. t. carry, bring, take;pass. kawea. -
kē,
a. different, other, strange;adv. in a different direction, manner, etc. -
kēhi,
n. case. -
keri,
v. t. dig. -
kī,
v. t. say, tell, ask;pass. kīia. -
kī,
a. full. -
kia,
conj. that, in order that. (§ 50.) -
kīano,
adv. not yet. -
kīhai,
adv. not (past indefinite. § 44). -
kikī,
a. tight. -
kiko,
n. flesh. -
kikorangi,
n. sky. -
kimo,
v. i. wink, shut the eye. -
kino,
a. bad. -
kiore,
n. rat, mouse. -
kipa,
n. spur. -
kiri,
n. skin, bark. -
Kirihimete,
n. Christmas. -
kirikiri,
n. gravel. -
kirimini,
n. agreement. -
kite,
v. t. see, understand. find, discover. -
ko,
l. n. yonder place. (§ 8.) -
ko,
prep. to (§ 15). -
koa,
a. glad. -
koata,
n. quarter. -
koe,
pron. thou, thee, you (sing.). -
kōhanga,
n. nest. -
kohu,
n. fog, mist. -
kōhua,
v. t. boil;n. cooking pot. -
kōhuri,
n. sapling. -
kōhuru,
v. t. murder. -
koi,
a. sharp. -
koia,
adv. interrog. expecting a negative answer. -
koikoi,
n. thorn. -
kokoru,
n. bay. -
kona,
l. n. that place (near person addressed). (§ 8.) -
konei,
l. n. this place (near speaker). (§ 8.) -
konui,
n. thumb, great toe. -
kooti,
n. court. -
kopa,
n. corner. -
kopa,
a. lame. -
kōpako,
n. back of the head. -
kōpikopiko,
v. i. go to and fro. -
kōpū,
n. belly. -
kora,
n. spark. -
kōraha,
n. open country. -
kore,
adv. not; as a suffix, like English -less, as hua-kore, fruitless. -
kōrero,
v. t. say, tell; korero pukapuka, read;v. i. speak, talk. -
koroheke,
n. old man. -
korokoro,
n. throat;a. hanging loose. -
koromatua,
n. thumb, great toe. -
koropupū,
v. i. boil. -
kōrorirori,
v. t. stir round. -
koroua,
n. old man. -
kōrua,
pron. you two. -
kotahi,
num. one;a. single. -
kōti,
n. coat. -
kotimana,
n. Scotch thistle. -
kōtiro,
n. girl. -
koura,
n. crayfish, gold. -
koutou,
pron. you (more than two). -
kōwhā,
v. i. flash. -
kōwhao,
n. hole, leak. -
kōwhatu,
n. stone. -
kua,
verbal particle(§ 44.) -
kuao,
n. young (of animals). -
kuia,
n. old woman. -
kūkū,
n. pigeon. -
kukume,
v. t. pull. -
kūkupa,
n. pigeon. -
kūmara,
n. sweet potato. -
kumea,
pass. ofkukume. -
kupenga,
n. net. -
kupu,
n. word, message. -
kura,
n. school. -
kuri,
n. dog. -
kutikuti,
n. shears, scissors. -
kūware,
a. foolish, ignorant -
kūwaha,
n. doorway, gateway.
-
mā,
n. white, clean. -
Maehe,
n. March. -
māeneene,
a. smooth. -
maero,
n. mile. -
maha,
a. many. -
mahana,
a. warm. -
māhanga,
n. twins. -
mahara,
v. t. remember, think of. -
mahi,
v. i. orv. t. work;pass. mahia. -
mahinga kai,
n. cultivation. -
māhita,
n. master. -
mahiti,
part. spent. (§ 66.) -
mahora,
part. spread out. (§ 66). -
mahu,
part. cicatrized. (§ 66.) -
mahue,
part. left behind, forsaken. (§ 66.) -
māhunga,
n. head. -
mai,
adv. (§ 81.) -
maikara,
n. finger, toe. -
maikuku,
n. claw, nail. -
māka,
a. wild. -
maka,
v. t. throw, place, put. -
makawe,
n. hair of the head. -
mākete,
n. auction. -
mākona,
part. satisfied. -
mākū,
a. wet; moist, damp. -
mākutu,
v. t. bewitch;n. sorcery. -
māmā,
a. light (in weight). -
mamae,
n. pain. -
māminga,
v. t. deceive. -
mana,
n. authority. -
manawa,
n. heart (organ). -
Manei,
n. Monday. -
mānia,
n. plain. -
mania,
a. slippery. -
mano,
num. thousand. -
mānu,
a. afloat;v. i. float. -
manu,
n. bird, fowl. -
manuhiri,
n. guest. -
manga,
n. branch, brook, trench. -
māngai,
n. mouth. -
māngaro,
a. mealy. -
māngere,
a. idle, lazy. -
mangō,
n. shark. -
mangu,
a. black. -
mangumangu,
n. ink. -
maoa,
a. cooked, ripe. -
maori,
a. fresh (of water),ordinary, usual. -
māra,
n. garden. -
marae,
n. courtyard. -
mārama,
a. light (not dark), plain. -
marama,
n. moon, month. -
marara,
part. scattered. (§ 66.) -
mārena,
v. t. marry. -
marere,
v. i. die, drop (of a solid). -
marino,
a. calm. -
māripi,
n. knife. -
marire,
a. quiet. -
mārō,
a. stiff,solid. -
maroke,
a. dry. -
marū,
part. crushed (§ 66). -
marumaru,
a. shady. -
matā,
n. flint, bullet. -
mata,
n. edge, face, eye. -
mata,
a. green, unripe, uncooked. -
mataaho,
n. window. -
mataku,
a. afraid, frightened. -
matamata,
n. point (of spear, etc.). -
mātao,
a. cold. -
mātaotao,
a. cool. -
matapō,
a. blind. -
matara,
part. untied. (§ 66.) -
matau,
a. right (hand). -
matau,
n. hook, fishhook. -
mātau,
v. t. know, followed by ki;pass. matauria. -
mate,
a. sick, dead;v. t. suffer, die. -
matekai,
n. hunger. -
matenga,
n. sickness, death. -
matewai,
n. thirst. -
matihe,
v. i. sneeze. -
matikuku,
n. claw, nail. -
mātotoru,
a. thick. -
mātou,
pron. we (more than two, excluding person addressed). -
mātua,
adv. first. -
matua,
n. parent (§ 4.) -
matua kēkē,
n. uncle. -
māturuturu,
v. i. drop, trickle. -
mau,
v. t. carry, bring, take;pass. mauria. -
mau,
part. overtaken, fixed, caught (§ 66). -
māua,
pron. we two (excluding person addressed). -
maunga,
n. mountain. -
mauru,
part. quieted. (§ 66.) -
mea,
pron. indef. so and so. -
mea,
n. thing, matter;v. t. do. -
meāke,
adv. soon. -
mehemea,
conj. if (implying the contrary of condition expressed). -
mēhua,
n. measure. -
Mei,
n. May. -
mekameka,
n. chain. -
mere,
n. weapon, so named, made of greenstone or other material. -
merengi,
n. water melon. -
metemea,
conj. as if, as it were. -
miere,
n. honey. -
mimiti,
v. i. subside. -
miniti,
n. minute. -
mira,
n. mill. -
miraka,
n. milk. -
miri,
v. t. rub;pass. miria. -
miro,
n. thread. -
miti,
v. t. lick. -
moana,
n. sea, large lake. -
moe,
v. i. sleep, shut the eyes. -
moemoeā,
n. dream. -
moenga,
n. sleeping place, bed. -
mohio,
v. t. know, understand (with prep. ki). -
mōkete,
n. mortgage. -
moko,
n. lizard. -
mokopuna,
n. grandchild. -
mōmona,
a. fat, fertile (of land). -
momotu,
v. t. cut, sever, break (cord, etc.). -
moni,
n. money. -
mōtini,
n. motion, resolution (of meeting). -
moto,
v. t. strike with the fist. -
motu,
n. island, clump of trees. -
motu,
part. severed, cut in two, broken (§ 66). -
motuhia,
pass. ofmomotu. -
motumotu,
n. billet (of wood). -
moutere,
n. island. -
mōwhiti,
n. ring. -
mū,
n. draughts (game). -
mua,
l. n. the front. (§ 8.) -
muka,
n. dressed flax. -
muku,
v. t. rub. -
mura,
n. flame. -
muri,
l. n. the hinder part, the back. -
mutu,
part. left off, finished (as work, etc.) (§ 66).
-
naahi,
n. nurse. -
nāhea,
l. n. what time (past). (§ 8.) -
nama,
n. debt. -
namata,
l. n. the time past. (§ 8.) -
namu,
n. sand fly. -
nanahi,
l. n. yesterday. (§ 8.) -
napō,
l. n. last night. (§ 8.) -
nehe, neherā,
l. n. the olden time. (§ 8.) -
neke,
v. t. move. -
nēra,
n. nail. -
niho,
n. tooth. -
noa,
adv. without restraint;a. common. -
nohea,
adv. whence. -
nohinohi,
a. small, little. -
noho,
v. i. sit, dwell, live, remain, stay;pass. nohoia. -
nohoanga,
n. time or place of dwelling or sitting, seat, saddle. -
nonāhea,
adv. when. (§ 82.) -
nonāianei,
adv. to-day (past). -
nonapō,
adv. last night. -
Nōwema,
n. November. -
nui,
a. great, large, much, abundant;pl. nunui;n. size. -
nunumi,
v. i. disappear (behind anything). -
nga,
pl. art. the. -
ngahere,
n. forest. -
ngahoro,
v. i. fall (as fruit, etc.). -
ngahuru,
n. autumn. -
ngākau,
n. heart, seat of affections. -
ngaki,
v. t. dig up (weeds, etc.);pass. ngakia. -
ngako,
n. fat. -
ngaro,
a. lost, out of sight, absent. -
ngārara,
n. reptile, insect. -
ngaru,
n. wave. -
ngau,
v. t. bite. -
ngāwari,
a. easy, flexible. -
ngenge,
a. weary. -
ngingio,
a. shrivelled. -
ngira,
n. needle. -
ngohengohe,
a. soft, supple. -
ngoikore,
a. weak. -
ngoki,
v. i. creep. -
ngongoro,
v. i. snore. -
ngote,
v. t. suck. -
ngutu,
n. lip, beak, mouth (of river).
-
oho,
v. i. start (with surprise, etc.). -
oioi,
v. i. shake. -
Oketopa,
n. October. -
ōkiha,
n. bullock. -
okioki,
v. i. rest. -
oma,
v. i. run;pass. omakia. -
one,
n. beach. -
oneone,
n. earth. ground, soil. -
onepū,
n. sand. -
ono,
num. six. -
onge,
a. scarce. -
ope,
n. company of travellers. -
ora,
a. alive, living, well, sound. -
ora,
n. wedge. -
oranga,
n. life. -
ota,
n. order. -
ota,
a. raw, green. -
otaota,
n. weed. -
oti,
part. completed, finished (§ 66). -
otirā,
conj. but.
-
pā,
n. fortification. -
pā,
v. t. shut, close;part. struck. -
paera,
n. boiler. -
pahaki,
l. n. the near distance. (§ 8.) -
pāhau,
n. beard. -
pāhua,
v. t. rob. -
pahure,
v. i. pass by. -
pai,
a. good, willing;adv. well;v. t. like, approve. -
paihenete,
adv. per cent. -
paioneone,
n. clod. -
pākākā,
a. brown. -
pakanga,
n. war, battle. -
pākaru,
v. t. break in pieces, shatter. -
pakaru,
part. broken (in pieces), torn (§ 66). -
paki,
a. fine (weather). -
pakiaka,
n. root. -
pakipaki, slap
orclap frequently. (§ 63.) -
pākira,
a. bald. -
pakitara,
n. wall of a house. -
paku,
a. small, little. -
pana,
v. t. push. -
pani,
v. t. smear, paint. -
pani,
n. orphan. -
pango,
a. black. -
paoa,
n. smoke. -
pāpā,
n. father. -
papa,
n. board. -
papaki,
v. t. slap;v. i. strike one against another, clap (as hands);pass. pākia. -
paparakauta,
n. public-house. -
pāpāringa,
n. cheek. -
para,
v. t. clear (land of timber, etc.). -
parāhi,
a. andn. brass. -
parai,
v. t. fry;n. frying pan. -
paraikete,
n. blanket. -
paraire,
n. bridle. -
Parairei,
n. Friday. -
parakuhi,
n. breakfast. -
parani,
n. brand. -
parāoa,
n. flour, bread. -
parapara,
n. mud;a. muddy. -
pararahi,
a. flat. -
pārera,
n. duck. -
pari,
v. i. flow (as tide). -
pari,
n. cliff, precipice. -
parirau,
n. wing. -
paru,
n. dirt. -
paruparu,
adj. dirty. -
pata,
n. butter. -
pātai,
n. andv. t. (with prep. ki) question. -
pātene,
n. button. -
pātiki,
n. flatfish. -
pātītī,
n. grass, hatchet. -
patu,
n. weapon;v. t. strike, beat, kill. -
pau,
part. consumed (§ 66). -
paukena,
n. pumpkin. -
pauna,
n. pound;v. t. weigh. -
paura,
n. gunpowder. -
pea,
adv. perhaps. -
peeke,
n. bag, bank (money). -
pēhea,
a. of what kind. (§ 60.);adv. how. -
peihana,
n. basin. -
peka,
v. i. turn aside;pass. pekaia;n. branch. -
peke,
n. shoulder, fore leg (of animal). -
pēn