Dictionary of the Maori Language

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Front Cover

Spine

Back Cover

Title Page

A DICTIONARY OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE

A DICTIONARY OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE byHERBERT W. WILLIAMS, M.A. Sixth edition, revised and augmented under the auspices of the Polynesian Society.1957R. E. OWEN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER,WELLINGTON NEW ZEALANDFirst Edition, W. Williams, B.A., Paibia, 1844 Second edition, W. Williams, D.C.L., London, 1852 Third Edition, W. L. Williams, B.A., London, 1871 Fourth Edition, W. L. Williams, B.A., Auckland, 1892 A portion reprinted, Wellington, 1915 Fifth Edition, H. W. Williams. M.A, Wellington, 1917 Reprinted, Wellington, 1921 Reprinted, Wellington, 1932 Sixth Edition, Wellington, 1957

Preface to Sixth Edition

For well over a century Williams's Dictionary has been the standard dictionary of the Maori language. During that time five editions have been published, all of them by members of the Williams family. The first two editions were the work of Archdeacon (later Bishop) William Williams, the third and fourth were edited by his son, Bishop William Leonard Williams, and the fifth by Bishop Herbert William Williams, a son of Bishop W. L. Williams. This is a most unusual family record, but it was, of course, an unusual family. It is a pity that the traditional family association with the dictionary has been broken, but it remains Williams's Dictionary and will so remain as long as the Maori language is remembered.

By 1948 the reprint of the fifth edition was unprocurable and a growing interest in Maori made it important that a new edition should be published. At that time the late Sir Apirana Ngata was engaged with other experts on the revision of the Bible in the Maori language, and having observed in the course of that work that there were many omissions from, and some (very few) errors in, the dictionary, he decided that it would be desirable to have a thorough revision of the work before republication.

Sir Apirana, as President of the Polynesian Society, convened a meeting of the Council to discuss the matter and it was decided to appoint a committee to carry out the revision. The committee consisted of the Hon. Sir Apirana Ngata, M.A., LL.B., D.Litt., Chairman; M. R. Jones, Deputy Chairman; J. M. McEwen, LL.B., Secretary; and Messrs William Cooper, Raniera Kingi, Pei te H. Jones, and H. U. Marumaru. A meeting of this committee was held soon afterwards and the help of the Government was offered to the project by the Rt. Hon. Peter Fraser. Financial assistance was given by the Maori Purposes Fund Board and the Maori Land Boards.

The project was an ambitious one. Besides the addition of words, the amendment of scientific names, and general revision, it was proposed to include an English–Maori section as in the earlier editions. Preliminary work was left in the hands of the secretary, but before any great progress had been made the committee suffered two severe blows — the death of both Sir Apirana Ngata and Mr William Cooper.

Because of the death of Sir Apirana, the greatest of all Maori scholars, this dictionary is not the work it could have been. The demand for a Maori dictionary was growing and republication could not be postponed too long. A meeting of the committee was held at Waiomatitini and it was then decided to abandon the idea of an English–Maori section in this edition. Messrs Rongowhakaata Halbert, Rangi Royal, and Eru Pou were asked to join the committee.

By the kindness of the Ngata family, Sir Apirana's copies of the dictionary, with copious annotations, were made available to the secretary, who proceeded to incorporate the notes in the new edition. Large lists of Maori words, not earlier included, were also taken from the Journal of the Polynesian Society, where they had been published by the late Mr Elsdon Best, and from other sources. Revised classifications by scientists, and operation of the law of priority in scientific nomenclature, required alteration of names of many birds, trees, insects, etc., but unfortunately, owing to the absence of clues to scientific identity, many Maori names of such things remain defined in general terms only.

The bulk of this work had been done when I was appointed Resident Commissioner in Niue Island. What remained was a formidable list of queries, principally about words the meaning of which was unknown and the names of natural objects not identified with the scientific names.

My successor as secretary was Mr W. T. Ngata, a son of Sir Apirana, who, with characteristic energy, reorganised the committee by adding the Rev. Canon Te Anga Kaa, the Rev. Canon P. Temuera, and Messrs Bruce Biggs of Auckland University College, Keepa Ehau, A. Morris Jones, and, later, the Very Rev. J. G. Laughton, who had been chairman of the Maori Bible Revision Committee. The Hon. E. B. Corbett, Minister of Maori Affairs, and Mr T. T. Ropiha, Secretary of Maori Affairs, have been particularly helpful and co-operative in many ways.

Through the efforts of the committee the work has now been completed. Great praise is due to the members, and especially to Mr Morris Jones for the tremendous task he performed in checking all of the scientific names in the dictionary. The difficulties encountered in the work will be understood on knowing that such standard reference books as Cheeseman's Manual of the New Zealand Flora and Oliver's New Zealand Birds were being revised concurrently with the Dictionary. Other accepted books of reference, also published since the fifth edition, are more or less due for revision. The following books and publications have been of considerable help:

Manual of the New Zealand Flora, 2nd ed., 1925 (Cheeseman).

New Zealand Birds, 2nd ed., 1955 (Oliver).

The Shellfish of New Zealand, 2nd ed., 1946 (Powell).

Native Animals of New Zealand, 2nd ed., 1951 (Powell).

Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand, 1928 (Hudson).

Bibliography of New Zealand Fishes, 1927 (Phillipps).

Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand, 1925 (Miller).

The Lizards of New Zealand, 1955 (McCann).

The Insect People of the Maori (Miller; in Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 61).

A Guide to the Lesser Chordates and the Cartilaginous Fishes (Richardson and Garrick; in Tuatara, Vol. 5).

For standard English pronunciation of words used in defining Maori vowels the reference is An English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1924 (Daniel Jones).

The revision committee wishes to express grateful thanks to the following scientists for their free and willing personal help in checking scientific names submitted to them:

Dr H. H. Allan, late Director, Botany Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington.

Miss Lucy B. Moore, Senior Botanist, Botany Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington.

Dr W. R. B. Oliver, Author of New Zealand Birds, Wellington.

Dr J. T. Salmon, Entomologist, Victoria University College, Wellington.

Mr J. A. F. Garrick, Lecturer in Zoology, Victoria University College, Wellington.

Mr R. K. Dell, Conchologist, Dominion Museum, Wellington.

Mr J. M. Moreland, Ichthyologist, Dominion Museum, Wellington.

Mr W. J. Phillipps, Ethnologist, Dominion Museum, Wellington.

Mr Y. M. C. McCann, Zoologist, Dominion Museum, Wellington.

While the original arrangement of words has been retained it is felt that clarity has been improved by setting-in derivatives instead of showing them directly below the words from which they are derived. This has the advantage of keeping the dictionary in an order which is both alphabetical and logical. A larger format has been used, also for clarity.

This edition of Williams's Dictionary is by no means the last word. There is much to be done — above all the publication of an English–Maori section. Let us hope that this need will be satisfied before long; for I have always felt that a one-way dictionary is the mark of a dying language.

Much has yet to be done also in the cross-referencing of synonyms and the indication of roots. We leave this to the new generation of Maori scholars. Mate atu he tetekura, whakaete mai he tetekura!

J. M. McEWEN, LL.B.,

Assistant Secretary, Department of Island Territories

. 31 January 1957.

Preface to Fifth Edition

History

Omitting the short lists of words given by Cook, Parkinson, Savage, and Nicholas, the first step towards a dictionary of the Maori language was the vocabulary of 100 pages published by the Church Missionary Society with the Grammar in 1820.

A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand, London, 1820.

The material was supplied by the missionary Kendall, but it is to Samuel Lee, Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge, that the credit is due of laying the foundations of a satisfactory orthography, the only matter for regret being that he did not adopt single symbols for the letters now denoted by ng and wh respectively. The vocabulary is, naturally, very faulty in many respects, but has a real value for the student of the language.

Dr Evans, of the New Zealand Company, contemplated the publication of a grammar and vocabulary

A Grammar and Vocabulary of the New Zealand Language, with a Collection of Dialogues and Songs. By George Samuel Evans, of Lincoln's Inn, Esq., D.C.L.

, which was announced as forthcoming in an advertisement on the back of Ward's Information Relative to New Zealand (Parker, London, 1839), but apparently never saw the light. It seems not improbable that the material collected by Evans was made use of by Dieffenbach in the second volume of his Travels in New Zealand (London, 1843), Part II of that volume being an essay on the language, with examples and translations, and Part III a grammar and dictionary. The latter, which occupies forty-four pages, gives no examples of the use of words, but includes a number of words not found in the earlier work.

In 1844 the Mission Press at Paihia issued the first edition of Williams's Dictionary

A Dictionary of the New Zealand Language, and a Concise Grammar; to which are added a Selection of Colloquial Sentences. By William Williams, B.A., Archdeacon of Waiapu. Paihia: Printed at the Press of the C.M. Society. 1844.

, which had been ready for the press six years before. The actual dictionary consisted of 185 pages, many of the words being followed by illustrative examples. The second edition, which was printed in London, followed in 1852. This contained a large amount of new matter, including valuable contributions from Dr Maunsell, whose projected dictionary was abandoned owing to the loss by fire of his papers in 1843. There was also added an English–Maori vocabulary. The third edition, in 1871, by Archdeacon W. L. Williams, which was published in London, was printed at Jena. This made considerable additions to the vocabulary, and introduced a more scientific arrangement of the words, which has been followed in subsequent works. The fourth edition, printed in New Zealand, appeared in 1892, and differed from the previous edition only in the inclusion of additional words.

A reprint of the Maori–English portion appeared in 1915.

The United States Exploring Expedition under Commodore Wilkes visited the Bay of Islands in 1840, and the volume of the report dealing with ethnology and philology was published by Horatio Hale, philologist to the expedition, in 1846. The author presents a Polynesian vocabulary showing a large number of words from many Polynesian dialects, including Maori. In dealing with the latter he uses many words not recorded in the first edition of Williams's Dictionary, which it may be assumed he had not seen, as he omits a number of words given in it which would have filled gaps' in his collection. It is said that only 500 copies of this work were printed, which may account for its comparative rarity. A reprint of the portion of the volume dealing with Polynesian linguistics would be a great boon to students, as Hale contributes, in addition to the vocabulary, some very illuminating chapters on Polynesian grammar, many of his observations showing a surprising grip of the subject.

In 1848 the Rev. R. Taylor brought out A Leaf from the Natural History of New Zealand.

In 1870 a “new and enlarged edition” was brought out under the more ambitious title of A Maori and English Dictionary, This, while removing few of the defects of the original, introduced others hardly less serious.

This consists of lists of words under such headings as Animals, Birds, Fish, Tribes, Time, Houses, Diseases, etc., arranged in five parts, of which Part II is not indicated. The arrangement of the lists is somewhat promiscuous, and the matter contained in them in many cases unreliable, typographical and transcriptional errors being of very frequent occurrence. The plan of the work was undoubtedly good, and it has unfortunately exercised a sort of fascination over many students of the language, who have included in their lists of words strange forms which are due solely to the vagaries of this insidiously attractive little book.

Tregear's dictionary was published in 1891

The Maori–Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, by Edward Tregear, Wellington, 1891.

. It aimed at supplying the deficiencies of previous dictionaries, and at giving a complete conspectus of Polynesian words for comparison. It represents an immense amount of patient labour on the part of the compiler, who was handicapped by many serious difficulties, but is overburdened with a vast amount of material which is of little practical use to the average student of the language.

In 1865 the late Mr Colenso was engaged by the Government to compile a dictionary the aim of which was “to contain every known word in the Maori tongue, with clear unquestionable examples of pure Maori usage”. Mr Colenso had collected a considerable amount of material, and at once took up the work; but in 1870 the Government cancelled the engagement. A specimen portion containing the words under the letter A was brought out in 1898; and a careful study of this specimen shows that, in spite of his intimate acquaintance with the language, the author lacked many of the qualities requisite for success as a lexicographer.

While the subject of a Maori lexicon was before the House Mr A. S. Atkinson, a keen student of the language, addressed to the Native Minister a letter containing many valuable suggestions on the subject. Nothing seems to have been done towards giving effect to these suggestions. In the meantime, however, Mr Atkinson worked systematically in collecting Maori words, and encouraged others to do the same, with a view to the material thus obtained being ultimately incorporated in a later edition of the existing dictionary.

On Mr Atkinson's death in 1902 his Maori papers were, at the suggestion of Mr Percy Smith, placed in my hands, with a request that I should use them for the Dictionary, and the following year the Government made a grant of £200 towards the expenses of an edition to be prepared under the auspices of the Polynesian Society. Since that date the Dictionary has made the first demand upon my spare time, but pressure of regular work made progress very slow, and the completion of the work would have been long postponed had not Sir Francis Bell, when Minister of Internal Affairs, proposed that I should be relieved of my ordinary duties for twelve months in order to devote myself entirely to the Dictionary. Under this arrangement a start was made with the printing early in 1915, and the whole of the copy was in the printer's hands in January 1916.

Materials

It is hardly necessary to say that the present edition contains a large amount of material which has hitherto not been available. Of the first importance were Mr Atkinson's papers already mentioned, which represent the results of many years of patient research by a master of the language.

The Cabinet placed at my disposal the manuscript of Mr Colenso's dictionary. This is still absolutely in the rough, its chief value being that it contains a large number of examples illustrating the use of words of all kinds, with references attached. The memoranda obtained from some of his Maori correspondents are also in many instances very helpful. But Mr Colenso's personal contributions are meagre and disappointing.

A stay in Cape Town early in 1906 gave me access to the unique collection of Maori books and manuscripts made by Sir George Grey which he had deposited in the South African Public Library.

A full account of these papers is given in the Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. xv, p. 175.

The value of this material, which includes much supplied to Grey by the late Archdeacon Maunsell, is much enhanced by the fact that it was collected before his departure from New Zealand in 1854.

The most important contribution, in volume and in character, is that made by Mr Elsdon Best, whose intimate acquaintance with the Maori, coupled with the scientific method of his enquiries, gives to the results of his work a value quite unique. He not only supplied a very large number of words, new meanings, and examples, collected at first hand, but has also throughout the progress of the work constantly rendered invaluable assistance by advice and the prosecution of enquiries. In addition to the matter supplied directly for the Dictionary, free use has been made of his many articles in the Journal of the Polynesian Society, Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, and other scientific journals, his opinion on the esoteric knowledge of the Maori being of the greatest weight.

The Rev. Father Becker, of Hokianga, sent a large and helpful list of words, collected chiefly in the northern part of the North Island. These words were often of the greatest assistance in elucidating difficulties.

Mr S. Percy Smith, though fully occupied with the work of the Polynesian Society, has, besides contributing lists of words, always been ready with encouragement and advice.

The late Dr Hocken kindly let me Dr Shortland's manuscript Maori papers, from which a great deal of valuable information was obtained.

Two other Maori scholars, also since deceased, Mr C. E. Nelson and Mr G. H. Davies, supplied long lists of words and useful information.

Mr A. H. Turnbull allowed me free use of books and manuscript matter in his valuable library.

Mr E. Tregear kindly placed at my disposal his dictionary and additional matter which he had collected since its publication.

In addition to the above, I have received contributions, less in volume, but often of the highest value, from a large number of correspondents, who will, I hope, not measure my gratitude by this very inadequate acknowledgment.

During the progress of the work I have had the advantage of the cooperation — in collection, investigation, and discussion

He also read many of the proofs.

— of my father, whose knowledge and experience have frequently guided me to a sound conclusion. At the same time, in fairness to him, I must place on record that he has left in every case the final decision of a question in my hands, and where the result is at fault the responsibility is mine.

Methods

The problem of assimilating the material obtained from the various sources mentioned above has not always been a simple one. Forms and meanings of words had to be weighed carefully. The value of the authorities available was by no means equal. Many lists of words dealt with were deficient in illustrative examples; and in some cases, where these were supplied, the meanings proposed were not supported by the examples given. These defects have, in the absence of corroborative evidence, often necessitated the rejection of a word or meaning contributed by a correspondent.

There are various methods of ascertaining the meaning of a Maori word, any one of which used singly may leave an element of doubt, satisfactory results being obtainable only when it is possible to check one process by another. The most natural procedure is to enquire from an intelligent Maori of the older generation, or preferably from several such. But this course, now unfortunately seldom available, is not always free from the risk of error. Few Maoris can resist the temptation to oblige an enquirer rather than admit ignorance; and occasionally a Maori may, in all honesty, have been habitually misusing a word in his own tongue. Moreover, local usage in respect of words is frequently very curious and perplexing.

Another method is to make a careful study of similar words in Maori and in cognate Polynesian languages. A very limited experience of this method will force the conclusion that satisfactory results can be hoped for in only a comparatively limited number of cases.

A third way, of even more restricted applicability, is that of deducing a meaning from a comparison of a number of examples of the use of the word.

Finally, there is the plausible guess, which is frequently used by the translator, but should be rigorously excluded from a dictionary.

A considerable amount of work has been entailed by the necessity of ascertaining the primary or general meaning of a word, as distinguished from secondary or particular meanings suited only to certain contexts. There is still room for much further investigation on these lines.

The particles and prepositions have received careful consideration, and in many cases the articles dealing with them have been entirely rewritten.

The frequent use of metaphor in songs, proverbs, and even in prose has caused some words to acquire a figurative use, which has in some cases been noted; but to do so in every case is beyond the scope of a dictionary.

In a number of cases meanings are noted which have been evolved since the advent of Europeans; these sometimes illustrate the essence of the original meaning.

A number of words have been recorded for which no satisfactory meaning has been found. These are given, with examples of their use, in the hope that future students may perhaps find a meaning. The number of such words might have been further augmented; but in the case of poetry, and sometimes also of prose, there is often serious doubt as to the form of the word, and this doubt is materially increased when the example is taken from printed matter.

In a few cases it has seemed advisable to refer to forms which are undoubtedly misprints.

It was found necessary to draw an arbitrary line between what should and what should not be admitted into the Dictionary, and it may be well to indicate some of the classes of words affected. Proper names are not included; but instances occur of a natural object or phenomenon which is sometimes personified under its own name. The names of a large number of figures of what (string games) have been omitted, as in most cases the name simply indicates what the figure is supposed to represent. The names of stars and constellations as well as of months and of days of the moon have been admitted, as in many instances they afford interesting comparisons with cognate dialects. With regard to the days of the moon it will be found that there are some slight variations in different districts which may place any particular name a little farther up or down in the list. Consistency has unfortunately not been achieved in the treatment of the names of karakia and religious rites. It may be thought that too much space has been allowed to the names of varieties of flax, kumara, and potato; but a large number of these already had a place in the Dictionary, and it was not thought worth while to remove them. Many of these words are purely fanciful, or of limited local use: at the same time some are interesting, and, in the case of the potato, afford examples of the habits practised by the Maori in giving names, apparently of Polynesian form, to introduced objects.

In ancient songs, particularly in karakia, there are a number of words which it is now quite impossible to elucidate. It must be supposed that these words were formerly current in the language, but, used in later times by those who were unacquainted with them, they became mere abracadabra. Some were probably proper names, others distortions, unintentional or deliberate, of ordinary words, while in a great number of cases there is now doubt as to the correct form. Such forms have not usually been recorded unless some definite information bearing on the word has been obtained.

Arrangement and Typography

In view of the fact that all users of the Dictionary will be familiar with the order of the alphabet in English, that order has been continued. The dictionaries of some of the Polynesian languages place the vowels first, an arrangement which, while possibly more scientific, causes serious inconvenience to those who consult them occasionally.

Long vowels have been marked in the key words, and also, to avoid confusion, in a few examples. Unmarked vowels may be assumed to be short, or comparatively so, though with some of the vowels three or even more grades of prolongation may be detected in speech. In some words the quantity of a vowel may vary in different districts, and strange vagaries are practised in this respect in songs. There are in the Dictionary many words obtained from written matter, of which the true pronunciation has not been ascertained; in many of these the absence of a long mark is obviously no indication of the length of its vowels. Accents have not been marked; but it may be noted that the disyllabic character of the language tends to cause in utterance a stress on the first syllable of each normal disyllabic element of a word. This stress gives way to a strong accent on the first syllable of a trisyllabic word, but survives as a secondary accent in polysyllabic words. The causative prefix whaka is unaccented, and so also are the articles he, te, nga, the prepositions, the verbal particles, and the particle ko. The nominal particle, a, is ordinarily unaccented, but if used with one of the pronouns au, koe, ia, mea, wai, following a preposition, it carries the accent which disappears from the pronoun.

Except in a few minor details the arrangement of words introduced in the third edition of the Dictionary has been adhered to. Of words similar in form but differing in the length of a vowel the longer form has been placed first. Each distinct main word is printed with a capital, words of the same form which appear to have sprung from different roots being differentiated by a roman numeral following the word.

It is by no means easy to ascertain the original root of a word, and it is not claimed that the divisions under this head are exact or final. In some cases different roots have probably been included under one word, and in others words derived from the same root may have been divided.

Derived forms are printed with a small letter under their respective main words in the following order: first those formed by the reduplication of the first syllable of a disyllabic root, then those formed by disyllabic reduplication. In order to assist the student, derived words of the first form — e.g. papaku, from paku — have been printed in their alphabetical positions, with cross references to their respective main words. For the sake of uniformity this has been done even in cases where the simple disyllabic root form is not now found in use. Inflexional derivatives formed by prefixing the causative whaka or agent kai or by suffixing the termination of the verbal noun, are placed after the proximate forms from which they are derived. It must be stated, however, that it has not been deemed advisable to cumber the Dictionary with all the possible reduplicated or inflexional derivatives, the meanings of the majority of such forms being obvious from those of the parent words.

Variant forms of a word are usually given in their alphabetical positions, with cross references to the usual form, where the meaning will be found; in some cases the meaning has been given with the variant form as well. No attempt has been made to put on record all the variants due to the use of n for ng by Ngati Awa and Tuhoe, the substitution of k for ng by Ngaitahu, or the omission of the aspirate in Taranaki and Whanganui.

It is a matter for regret that it was not found possible to attain completeness in the indication of dialectic differences, a few only of the more important local peculiarities being recorded. Intercommunication between the different tribes, by obliterating niceties of dialect, has made the investigation of such niceties a matter of extreme difficulty.

Different meanings are dealt with in numbered paragraphs, the meanings being arranged according to their respective parts of speech. Meanings, whether of words or examples, are printed in italics, descriptive and explanatory matter being in roman type.

The genius of the language admits of the free combination of words in phrases which approximate to compound words, and it is difficult to formulate a rule for determining whether such a combination should be regarded as a single word or not, and whether or not the use of hyphens is desirable. The sense of such a combination is usually obvious from that of the component parts, but where a phrase has acquired a special meaning it is dealt with under one of its components in the paragraph which treats of the meaning most closely allied to that of the compound.

In previous editions a certain number of words were included which had been adopted from non-Polynesian sources, their foreign origin being indicated by the use of different type. It has been thought better to omit all of these. A number of the more important of these recent adoptions is given in an appendix, but no claim is made for the completeness of this list.

My thanks are due to Mr W. Prentice for assistance in this division of the work.

Completeness is, in fact, impossible; for, while we deplore the readiness with which the young Maori abandons a genuine word in his native tongue for some barbarous transliteration of its English equivalent, we realise that linguistic needs continue to arise, and must be met. At the same time the fact must be recognised that the occurrence of these words cannot be regarded as a symptom of linguistic decay. On the contrary, the power of enriching the language by the assimilation of exotic material is evidence of continued vitality. It is only when a language is dead that its vocabulary becomes absolutely fixed. The neglect of native idiom and grammatical form is a symptom of a far more alarming character. The study of words adopted spontaneously by the Maori is very interesting, such words often assuming forms which differ widely from such rigid transliterations as would be made by a European. It is by no means always an easy matter to recognise such a word and trace it to its origin. As examples we may mention matere, lookout at sea, from mast-head; kaihe, ass, from jackass; and taika, parti-coloured, from Tiger, the name of a piebald stallion presented by Waka Nene to Waka Perohuka, of Poverty Bay, in return for the famous canoe, Te-toki-a-Tapiri, now in the Auckland Museum.

Examples

An endeavour has been made to illustrate the use of words by examples drawn exclusively from genuine Maori use — legends, songs, proverbs, letters or other writings, and conversations. The adoption of this principle is not intended to cast a slur upon the many excellent translations into Maori which exist, but merely recognises the fact that the best of these, after all, only represent the usage of able European scholars. As a general rule the examples have been inserted without change, which accounts for the fact that in many cases words will be found in them which are recent adoptions of foreign origin. Where a choice has had to be made preference has, as a rule, been given to examples culled from printed works, as the reference will enable the student to consult the context. In the use of such examples the punctuation of the original has been freely disregarded, obvious misprints and errors of Maori orthography have been corrected, and in some cases a comparison with other versions in manuscript or print has suggested an emendation of the text — the latter most frequently in the case of songs.

In this connection it may be well to anticipate a question which is certain to arise, as to why more ample use has not been made of the voluminous works of the late John White. At first sight the six volumes of his Ancient History of the Maori might be regarded as a veritable mine of wealth for such a purpose as this, but a closer scrutiny necessitates a serious revaluation. In the first place, the Maori portion of the work bristles with misprints, many of which admit only of conjectural emendation. Another factor is the obliteration, in most cases, of accurate indications of the origin of his material. Where these indications are given, a comparison with the original will almost invariably disclose an unpardonable recklessness on the part of the editor.

As an example we give a passage selected at haphazard, which is stated in the preface to have been derived from Sir George Grey's Polynesian Mythology. Words omitted from Grey are given in italics, and words inserted by White in heavy-faced type. “Po iho ano, ao ake ano te ra, kua ka whakatika a Taranga, a kua ngaro whakarere ano ia i te whare i o ana tamariki, oho rawa ake nga tama, tirotiro kau ana, ka a kua mohio nga matamua, a ka pouri tonu taua tamaiti muringa, a Maui-potiki, e i hua ana e ngaro nei, kei te mahi kai pea, kaore, kei te tahuti noa atu. Po , a po iho ano, ka puta mai ano to ratou whaea, a kei te haka ano nga tama, ka mutu kau ano te haka, kua ka mea mai ano ki tana muringa, atu a Maui-potiki i tana whaea, “Haere mai ano taua ki konei moe ai, .” A a moe tahi ana a Maui-potiki i tana whaea, a ao rawa ake, kua ngaro ano tana whaea, ka tahi ia a Maui-potiki ka tupato ki te mahi maminga tonu a taua wahine, tana whaea ki a ratou, i ia po, i ia po, a ka tae noa ki tetehi atu tetahi po, ka moe tahi ano raua ko tona a Maui-potiki i tana whaea, me te tokomaha tokowha ano hoki a ratou e moe tahi ana ano i taua whare. Tangohanga Ka tangohia e te tama, Maui e hara kua riro te tu, me te maro-whaiapu o tana whaea, e hara kua ka huna e ia ka ngaro aua mea, tangohanga atu e Maui, kei te purupuru i te nga matapihi, i me te whatitoka, kei puta mai hoki atu te haeata o te awatea ki roto i ki te whare, kei hohoro te whakatika o taua wahine tana whaea i te pouritanga o te po, no na reira aia i tupatu ai tona ngakau ki te mahi i aua mahi nei."—(W. ii, 86; T. 12.) Further comment is unnecessary.

This being his method of dealing with works previously published, small reliance can be placed on his fidelity in presenting matter which has come into his hands in manuscript. And as a translator he is, unfortunately, hardly more satisfactory. Even if we might concede the privilege, which some translators claim, of making a meaning for a word or passage when they cannot find one, we cannot recognise the right to a rendering unsupported by, or at variance with, the text a translator is professing to follow. His indulgence in these practices robs White's works of their value, and makes it impossible to accept his unsupported authority for the form or meaning of a Maori word.

Sir George Grey's published works, while open to some criticism, have proved invaluable, and have provided a number of examples out of all proportion to their volume. References are given to the first edition of his Polynesian Mythology, as the text is sounder than that of the second edition, which is also out of print. In dealing with songs from his Moteatea it has not been found possible to adhere in every case to his division of words.

Mr J. McGregor's Popular Maori Songs, with its supplements, has also been drawn upon for a number of examples, in citing which full use has been made of a list of corrections kindly provided by Mr McGregor himself.

The hope has been expressed that a translation would be given of all examples cited in the Dictionary, but, even if it had been possible to do so, it was felt that the benefit conferred would not warrant the great addition to the bulk of the volume. The translation has, accordingly, been given only in a few cases in which such a course afforded a further elucidation of the meaning of the word….

Thanks

In addition to the acknowledgments made above, I must express my indebtedness to my many Maori friends, particularly to the Rev. Mohi Turi, of Waiapu, who up to the time of his death was always ready to give patient and thoughtful answers to my innumerable questions….

Conclusion

In conclusion, the fact should be emphasised that much work remains to be done, notably up the Whanganui River and in the Waikato; while the more familiar fields are not yet fully exhausted. There must be many hundreds of genuine Maori words still unrecorded, and much further light may yet be thrown upon many of those already treated….

Herbert W. Williams.

Naurea, Gisborne

,16 June 1917.

Introduction

Parts of Speech

Parts of speech are defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as “each of the grammatical categories or classes of words, as determined by the kind of notion or relation which they express in the sentence.” The popular conception which is drawn from, if not necessarily involved in, such a definition is that certain words are nouns, certain others adjectives, another group verbs, and so on. It is hardly necessary to labour the point that many words find a place in two or more of these groups. Many examples of this may be found in English, while in Maori, which, is almost devoid of grammatical inflexions, most words may be used in more than one of the classes of parts of speech.

As grammatical relations exist in Maori which have no exact counterpart in English grammar, terms have had to be adopted to express these relations. Certain words have accordingly been termed participles. These participles are closely allied to the adjectives, and denote state or condition, but differ from adjectives in that they are never used epithetically (‖ F.L. § 66). The term local noun was applied in the second edition of First Lessons in Maori to a class of nouns which are never used with an article, adjective, or pronoun. In a list given (F.L. § 8), all the examples have a local significance, but in the Dictionary the term has been extended to include a number of words denoting time relations, which, being similarly used, come within the same grammatical category.

Word Formation

The majority of words in Maori are formed from one or more roots, consisting normally of two short syllables. These roots may be modified by reduplication, by the addition of prefixes and suffixes, which may be monosyllabic or disyllabic, and occasionally by the lengthening of a vowel.

With the apparent exception of uo, every possible combination of two vowels may occur in such a disyllabic root element; but it is not correct to speak of these vowel combinations as diphthongs, each vowel forming strictly a separate syllable, however close the coalescence may appear to be in speech. It follows from this that in analysis every long vowel should be regarded as equivalent to two short vowels of the same phonetic value, and as a matter of fact some writers, English and Maori, have been in the habit of so writing them, but this is now seldom done.

In some instances adherence to this practice would preserve traces of the etymology of the word; thus to, drag, appears in cognate Polynesian dialects as toso, and kē, different, as kese.

Reduplication may be either partial, affecting the first syllable alone of the root (as papaki, from paki), or complete (as pakipaki). In the latter case a prefixed short syllable will invariably be lengthened, as ngahere, ngāherehere; mania, māniania; pakē, pākēkē. When the two syllables of the root are identical, as pepe, complete reduplication may be in the form pēpepe or pepepepe. In a few cases alternative reduplication occurs, as tihoihoi and tihotihoi, from tihoi; this would appear to indicate that consciousness of the structural history of the word has been lost.

Reduplication generally modifies the meaning of a word. With adjectives complete reduplication has the effect of diminishing the intensity of the meaning, as mate, sick, matemate, sickly; wera, hot, werawera, rather hot, warm; mārō, stiff, mārōro, somewhat stiff. The effect of partial reduplication is in some cases similarly to diminish the intensity of the meaning, as pango, black, papango, somewhat black, dark; whero, red, whewhero, reddish; while in a few cases it forms a plural, as he rakau pai, a good tree, he rakau papai, good trees. It must be observed, however, in the latter case that the simple form may be used for either singular or plural, but the reduplicated form for the plural only.

In the case of verbs the effect of the two kinds of reduplication is somewhat different. Partial reduplication denotes either prolongation or continuance of the action with increased intensity, or reciprocal action.

It should be noted here that the passive of a verb formed by partial reduplication is made direct from the simple root, and cannot be distinguished from that of the parent verb.

Complete reduplication gives a verb frequentative force with, sometimes, diminished intensity; occasionally the frequentative becomes a simple plural, indicating merely that a number of objects are involved in the action of the verb. From kimo, wink or blink, is formed kikimo, denoting that the eyes are closed and kept closed, and kimokimo, blink frequently; so, too, paki, pat, papaki, clap together, pakipaki, pat frequently.

Prefixes

The number of prefixes in Maori is exceptionally large. In the absence of clearer light upon the subject the vast majority of them must be classed as formatives of which the force has, in most cases, not yet been ascertained.

A few only are generally recognised as inflexional. Kai prefixed to a transitive verb forms a noun connoting the agent; thus, hanga, make; kaihanga, maker.

Whaka and its apparent equivalent whā may be prefixed to verbs (except such as are strictly transitive), adjectives, and nouns, and form in each case a causative verb: whakanoho, cause to sit; whakamohio, cause to know; whakapai, make or pronounce good; wharite, make like; whakatangata, make into, or treat, as a man. Nouns and some adjectives having the prefix whaka, or wha, form verbs which are often used intransitively, when they have a reflex signification, it being assumed that, where no object is expressed, the agent is himself the object of his own action. Thus whakatika, straighten, is commonly used, without an object expressed, to signify straighten oneself, or stand up; whakatamariki, act the part of a child; whakatane, play the man.

Taki, having a distributive force, may be prefixed to numerals, as takiwhitu, by sevens, It is also used with adjectives, participles, and verbs to denote that the word applies to each and all, or one by one, of the things spoken of. Three prefixes are used with the numerals from one to nine: hoko, denoting multiples of twenty, as hokoono, one hundred and twenty; tua, forming ordinals, as tuarima, fifth (used also with the interrogative hia — tuahia, which in order); toko, which is used also with hia and adjectives of number, such as maha, etc., indicating that persons are being spoken of.

Tau prefixed to a reduplicated root has frequently a reciprocal force. Ma as a prefix will often form an adjective. Tā is sometimes used as a causative prefix. Roko and maki, or ngaki, have a recognised force. But none of these is used with the same regularity as kai, whaka, and the numerical prefixes.

Suffixes

The number of suffixes in Maori does not appear to be so great as that of the prefixes, and only two having inflexional force are in general use, but each of these appears in a variety of forms.

The simplest form of the passive termination is a, but it frequently takes one of the forms ia, hia, kia, mia, ngia, ria, tia, whia, na, ina, hina, kina, rina, whina, nga, hanga.

The occurrence of the forms heuea and keuea hardly warrants the recognition of ea as a passive termination. ‖ footnote on p. xxi.

Thus: poroforms poroa.ki" kiia.waru" waruhia.moto" motokia.aru" arumia.rere" rerengia.mau" mauria.awhi" awhitia.tiki" tikina.

whawhaoforms whaowhia and whaowhina.aroha" arohaina.roko" rokohina and rokohanga.tāta" tātākina.whakaatu" whakaaturi and whakaaturina.hapai" hapainga.

Of these terminations, nga appears to be used only with verbs ending in ai, mia with those ending in o and u, ina with those ending in a; but in all cases other terminations also are used. For the rest it is questionable whether any rule can be formulated. Usage varies so much in different parts of the country that it appears to be mere matter of custom, some regard being had to euphony.

Intransitive as well as transitive verbs are used in the passive, requiring in translation the addition of a preposition to make the sense complete.

Thus, haere, go, travel, haerea, be travelled over; noho, sit, nohoia, be sat upon. Ko te wahi tenei e tapepea nei, This is the place on which one has slipped. Kotahi te wahi i tapekatia, There was one place to which they turned aside.

A passive termination (generally, if not invariably, tia) will be used with an adverb or adjective used adverbially when the verb with which it is connected is in the passive. Tokowha ona hoa i kainga katoatia e ia, There were four of his companions who were devoured entirely by him.

A noun, adjective, or participle may be used with a passive termination to express a change to the thing or condition which the simple word signifies. Thus, Kua korouatia koe, You have become an old man; Aua e taparurutia te haere, Do not let the rate of travelling become slow.

Occasionally a phrase which it is impossible to consider as a compound word may be treated like a verb and be given the passive termination. For instance, ma te matapihi, through the window, might be treated in this way: Ma-te-matapihi-tia mai, Let it be passed here through the window.

There is another passive termination, tanga, which is sometimes added to a verb, or to an adverb qualifying a passive verb, and apparently indicates a rapid sequence of events. Hiko tonu ia ki nga ngarehu, apuatanga, He immediately snatched up the burning coals and crammed them into his mouth. Apitiria tonutanga atu ko te pa, ka horo, The pa was attacked forthwith, and fell.

A noun denoting the fact, circumstance, time, or place of the action of a verb may be formed by adding one of the suffixes nga, anga, hanga, kanga, manga, ranga, tanga, inga,

The forms heuenga and keuenga also appear; but ‖ footnote on p. xx.

the choice of the termination being, as in the case of the passives, somewhat arbitrary. Thus:

mahi makes mahmga. noho " nohoanga. titiro " tirohanga. tomo " tomokanga. ngaro " ngaromanga. whakaatu " whakaaturanga. pupuri " puritanga. ka " kainga.

The force of such a verbal noun may be either active or passive, according to the context. For example: Tana patunga i a au, The circumstance of his striking me; Tona patunga e au, The circumstance of his being struck by me.

Similar nouns may be formed from nouns, adjectives, or participles, and denote the fact, etc., of being, or of becoming, the thing or of the quality or condition indicated by the original word.

There are a few surviving indications of an ancient suffix, written variously i, hi, ki, and possibly other forms, the function of which was to form transitive verbs. So, arahi, from ara; tapahi, from tapa; rumaki, turaki, from roots no longer in use.

This subject has been dealt with at some length by the Rev. W. G. Ivens, Proc. Roy. Soc. of Victoria, vol. xvii (n.s.), p. 305.

In many of these cases the verbal noun is formed direct from the root, as arahanga, tapahanga, rumakanga, turakanga.

Transformed Words

The form of words is sometimes materially altered by (a) the transposition of letters or syllables, as rango to ngaro, the change sometimes involving a further slight alteration in one of the letters, as ngawhariki to whanariki; (b) the substitution of one letter for another, as in taina for teina, tipuna for tupuna, ngongi for momi, etc., it not being always possible to state which is the original form, or whether both forms may not be independent derivatives from the same root,

The subject of the interchange of letters cannot be adequately dealt with in a single paragraph. Some writers give lists which are bewilering in their variety. But it seems probable that many instances which are quoted should be regarded as examples of varying prefixes rather than of interchanging letters. Thus powhatu and kowhatu probably illustrate prefixes po and ko without implying any reciprocity between the letters p and k.

(c) the omission of a letter, as in tou for tonu; (d) the insertion of a letter, as in teneki for tenei. Some of these changes are due to peculiarities of dialect; but not infrequently two forms of the same word will be used in the same district, or even by the same person. A further source of change was the fact that some ordinary word might enter into the name of a chief, when its use would be avoided, and a substitute sought, for fear of causing offence and affording pretext for a quarrel. Many instances of this are noticed in the Dictionary, but one may be used as an illustration. Ngongi had at one time been thus substituted for wai, and not only did service for water and the interrogative who, but gave rise also to Ngongikato and ngongirua for Waikato and wairua respectively.

Scheme of a Maori Verb

Affirmative and Negative Forms

Indicative 1.

Inceptive: Past or Future

Ka karanga ia, He called or began to call; he will call or will begin to call.

Ka kore ia e karanga, He ceased to call or began not to call; he will cease to call or will begin not to call.

Imperfect (Continuous): Past, Present, or Future

E karanga ana ia, He was, is, or will be calling.

Kahore ia e karanga ana, He was not, is not, or will not be calling.

Perfect (Completed): Past, Present, or Future

Kua karanga ia, He had, has, or will have called.

Kahore ia kia karanga, He has not, had not, or will not have called.

Indefinite: Past

I karanga ia, He called.

Kihai ia i karanga, He did not call.

Indefinite: Future

E karanga ia, or Tera ia e karanga, He will call.

E kore ia e karanga, or Tera ia e kore e karanga, He will not call.

Narrative Form

Karanga ana ia, He called.

(Not used in the negative.)

Imperative 1.

Strong (Mandatory or Precatory)

Karanga! Call!

Kaua e karanga! Do not call!

Weak (Hortatory or Deliberative)

Me karanga ia, He had better call; let him call.

(Not used in the negative.)

Subjunctive 1.

Imperfect

Me e karanga ana ia, If he were calling.

Me kahore ia e karanga ana, If he were not calling.

Perfect

Me i karanga ia, If he had called.

Me i kahore ia i karanga, If he had not called.

Future (Contingent)

Ki te karanga ia, If he should call.

Ki te kore ia e karanga, If he should not call.

Future (Consequential)

Kia karanga ia, That he should call.

Kia kaua ia e karanga, That he should not call.

Future (Deprecatory or Pre-Cautionary)

Kei karanga ia, Lest he should call.

Kei kore ia e karanga, Lest he should not call.

Infinitive

Karanga, call, preceded by an article or definitive pronoun, thus, he karanga, te karanga, tana karanga, etc.

Abbreviations

Grammatical and General

a. adjective. ad. adverb. arch. archaic. art. article. conj. conjunction. def. definite. fig. figuratively. freq. frequentative. ib. ibidem, in the same place. indef. indefinite. int. interjection. inter. interrogative. l.n. local noun. ‖ p. xviii. mod. modern. n. noun. num. numeral. pass. passive. pers. person, personal. pl. plural. pos. possessive. prep. preposition. pron. pronoun. pt. participle. ‖ p. xviii. q.v. quod vide, which see. sing. singular. sp., spp. species (sing. and plural). var. variety. v.i. verb intransitive. v.t. verb transitive. = equals; indicating that the word following the sign is a synonym or variant form. ‖ parallel, compare, see; indicating that the word is dealt with or that further information will be found under the word following the sign.

Dialectical

Ar. Arawa. Fu. Futuna. Ha. Hawaii. Kah. Kahungunu. Man. Maniapoto. Mar. Marquesas. Mng. Mangareva. Ni. Niue. Ngi. Ngapuhi. Nuk. Nukuoro. Pau. Paumotu. Po. Ngati Porou. R., Ra. Rarawa. Rau. Raukawa. Sa. Samoa. Ta. Tahiti. Tahu. Ngaitahu. Tai. Tainui. Tar. Taranaki. Tik. Tikopia. To. Tonga. Tu. Tuhoe. Uv. Uvea, Wallis Island. Wai. Waikato. Whang. Whanganui.

References

Bul. Dominion Museum Bulletin. D. Travels in New Zealand, Dieffenbach, 1843. F.L. First Lessons in Maori, Williams, 6th ed., 1910. F.L.M. Forest Lore of the Maori, Best, 1942. G.-8. Parliamentary Paper, 1880. Hae. Journal of an Expedition from Auckland to Taranaki, Grey, 1851. Ika. Te Ika a Maui, Taylor, 1855. Ika, ii. Ditto, 2nd ed., 1870. J. Journal of the Polynesian Society. K. Karakia, source not specified. K.M. Karere Maori, newspaper.
The references are as given by Colenso in his notes, as there was no opportunity of checking by consulting a file.
M. Moteatea (Maori songs, etc.), Grey 1853. M.G. Grammar of the New Zealand Language, Maunsell, 4th ed., 1894. M.M. Maori Mementos, Davis, 1855. Moss. Beautiful Shells of New Zealand, Moss, 1908. N.M. Nga Moteatea, Ngata, 1929. P. Proverb, source not specified. P. 16. Proverbial and Popular Sayings, Grey, 1857, p. 16. Pi. Pipiwharauroa, newspaper. S. Song, source not specified. S. 23. Popular Maori Songs, McGregor, 1893, p. 23. S. ii. Ditto, Supplement, 1898. S.D. Southern Districts of New Zealand, Shortland, 1851. Sh.T. Traditions and Superstitions, Shortland, 2nd ed., 1856. T. Nga Tupuna (Polynesian Mythology), Grey, 1854. Tr. Transactions of the Royal Society of N.Z. (New Zealand Institute). W. Ancient History of the Maori, White, 6 vols., 1887 to 1890. Wa. = W.W. below. Wai. Waikare-moana, Best, 1897. W.M. Waka Maori, newspaper. W.W. Lore of the Whare Wananga, Pt. I, Percy Smith, 1913.

A, vowel: ā is pronounced as a in “art” and “father”; a = ā perceptibly shortened. The sound of a in “man” is unknown in Maori.

Ā (i), n. 1. Collar-bone. Usually joined with kaki. Te a o toku kaki.

2. Perch for snaring kaka, a particular form of mutu-kaka.

Ā (ii), v.t. 1. Drive, urge, compel. Ka aia haeretia e te hau nunui (J. iii, 99). Ka rumaki tonu te pane ki te hoe, i te ainga hoki a te wehi (T. 144).

Two nouns are derived from this verb: āinga, ānga, driving force, thing driven, etc. I te wa e rere ai te kano o te perehia i te āinga a te hau ki te moana (W. iii, 35). Kitea he anga na te haku (P.).

2. Collect. Ka whakahaua e Whatiuaroa tana ope; kei te a i te rakau hei wahie.

Ā (iii). Plural of the definitive particle tā, indicating possession. = nga … a, the … of. It is used before the dual and plural personal pronouns, names of persons or places, local nouns, or before common nouns preceded by a definitive (F.L. § 18). For the difference between ā and ō see the prepositions a and o. A raua nei tama, ko Hau-maringi, ko Haumarotoroto (M. xxxiv). Sometimes used elliptically. Ka kai ratou i reira, pau ana ā nga hoa, katikati tonu a Tama (T. 78). ‖ tā (iii).

Ā (iv), conj. denoting extension of space, or lapse of time; often very much prolonged in speech. 1. As far as. Ka rere mai a Te Arawa, ā waho i te moana (T. 71). Ka ra Hakomiti te ara, a Paritangi (T. 78).

2. Until. Takoto nei, a ao noa te ra (T. 90).

3. And, and then; only connecting successive actions or events. Hoe ana mai. a ka u ki Mokau (T. 123). Moe tonu, a ka ao te ra, ka hoe (T. 196).

Ā (v), colloquial = aha, pron. What? He a tena, e Mati?

Ā (vi), colloquial = ae, ad. Yes. A hoki ra, just so.

A (i), particle, used,—1. Before names of persons, the pronouns wai and mea, and names of canoes, months, etc.—(a) When they stand as subject in a sentence. Kei te ngaki kumara a Te Kehu (T. 85). E tawharau ana mai a Te Arawa (T. 81). (b) When they follow any of the prepositions i, ki, hei, kei. Ka korero atu a Kupe ki a Turi (T. 110). Kua timata mai ano i mua atu i a Whakatauihu, i a Tawhaki, i a Tuhuruhuru (T. 63). (c) In explanatory clauses. Kua tupu tana tamaiti, a Rata (T. 54).

2. Before personal pronouns, except ahau (though au follows this rule) — (a) When they follow any of the prepositions i, ki, hei, kei. Ka mea ratou ki a koe ra (T. 189). (b) When they are repeated by way of explanation, but not ordinarily when they stand as subject in a sentence. The use of the nominal prefix a before ia standing as subject of a verb is sometimes found.

3. Before names of places and local nouns (F.L. § 8) when they—(a) Stand as subject in a sentence. Ka taunahatia e Naki a Motiti (T. 75). E puare katoa ana a roto (T. 13). (b) Are repeated by way of explanation.

4. Occasionally before common nouns in explanatory clauses. Rokohanga atu e takoto ana te kai nei, a te kukupa (T. 146).

5. Sometimes, especially in animated narrative, merely euphonically. Ma tona kaha a ia ano e taruturutu (T. 159). Na, me karanga a koe ki a au (T. 168).

A (ii), prep. 1. Of, belonging to; used in speaking of transitive actions, including works accomplished or in progress, movable property, instruments, food, husband, wife, slaves, etc. (‖ o, prep., and F.L. § 22). Ka mutu nga mahi a nga tama a Makeatutara (T. 30). Nga kupu poroporoaki a Hou (T. 82). Te umu a Kuiwai (T. 83). Ka haere mai nga matua o te wahine a Paoa (T. 185).

2. At, at the time of; of future time. A tahira te eke ai ki uta (T. 142). A whea ara ai te marama? (T. 54).

3. After the manner of. He mea mohio a ngakau tangata (T. 84). Rere a manu ki te hui matangohi (M. 117). Ka noho a pahi te rau ma whitu i reira (T. 154).

A (iii), ad. 1. Well, well then. A, tena, kei whea au tuaahu? (T. 122). A, hei konei whakarongo ake ai (T. 10).

2. Sometimes simply to attract attention. A, kāti te turituri (T. 65).

A (iv), in poetry = ka, particle. A tuhi to toto, ka rapa i te rangi (M. 83).

Ae (i), a. Calm. Takoto noa tera te moana, he ae noa iho.

Ae (ii). 1. ad. assenting to an affirmation or affirmative question. Yes. “Ko koe tonu ranei?” Ka mea atu a Whakatau, “Ae, ko ahau” (T. 62). Ka mea atu te matua ki a ia, “Ae, e pai ana” (T. 25).

2. In answer to a negative question it affirms the negative and must be rendered by no. “Kahore i homai he kai mau?” “Ae.” (“Did not he give you any food?" “No.”) This use is almost obsolete.

3. v.i. Assent, agree. Ae ana mai ona whanaunga kia patua te ra (T. 25).

whakaae, v.i. Say yes, consent. Ka whakaae to raua whaea (T. 46).

Aea. It were better. Aea, e tama, kia noho mai koe (M. 323). Aea ranei kia tu tahi taua (M. 23). Aea ano, would that. Aea ano au he manu e rere. tau atu ko tawhiti (M. 35).

Aeaeā, a. Panting. Tah. aeae.

whakaaeaea. 1. v.i. Pant for breath. Ka kake i te pikitanga, ka whakaaeaea.

2. v.t. Utter disconnectedly, as though in want of breath. Kaua e whakaaeaeatia to korero, engari honoa tonutia.

Aeha, int. denoting contempt, wonder, vexation, etc.

Aewa. 1. n. Giddiness.

2. a. Sickly, unhealthy.

3. v.i. Wander, go round about. Kua riro ia ki te aewa i waho (W. i, 91).

Aha (i). 1. pron. What? of things only. He aha te korero? (T. 90). He aha, why? for what purpose? He aha tau e kata? (T. 199). He aha tau i haere mai ai koe ki konei? (T. 169).

2. Who? in asking a person's second name. Hone aha?

3. Of what sort? of what use? etc. He toa aha to toa? (T. 60). Hei matua tane aha, hei matua wahine aha? (T. 14). He nanakia aha to te kiore nanakia? (T. 199).

4. n. Anything whatever, anything at all. Tē ai he aha hei whakaoho mai (There was nothing at all to disturb them) (T. 117). I nga aha, i nga aha noa iho a te Maori (All sorts of Maori matters) (T. 30).

5. v.t. Do what to? I ahatia e ratou tana tamaiti? (What did they do to his child?)

6. v.i. Do what? Me aha ra, kia kata ai a Kae? (T. 37).

7. Do anything whatever. Tē ngaueue, tē aha (T. 6). Kihai hoki i aha atu te nuinga (T. 183).

ahatanga, n. Doing what. He ahatanga, or ko tena te ahatanga, what of that? Hei ahatanga ma Tu ? (What did that matter for Tu?) (T. 6).

Aha (ii), ahaaha, n. A sawlike weapon made of sharks' teeth fixed laterally to a wooden handle. Whatoro te ringa ki te ahaaha hei tapahi, kua motu. Aha mango, teeth of tuatini shark used as a knife.

Aha (iii), ahaaha = ahoaho, n. Open space, operture. ‖ puaha, etc.

Aha (iv), int. expressing remonstrance, warning, mockery.

ahaaha, n. Alarm, shyness, want of confidence. I ahua ahaaha ahau ki te whakapuaki ake i taua korero.—Kua tae noa ake te ahaaha, ahaaha mataku nei.

Ahahu, n. Assembly of the hapu for arranging a betrothal. ‖ pakuhā.

Ahai = wai, pron. Who? Ko ahai to tane?

Ahakoa, conj. 1. Although. Ahakoa kai tahi, tera a roto te hahae ra (P.). Ahakoa nui te moana, me aha? (T. 164).

2. Notwithstanding. Otira, ahakoa to ratou haere po mai, i kitea ano ratou e Ngati Toa.

3. Used with he, and more correctly written as two words. What of that, nevertheless. A, mana ka totohu, he aha koa? (T. 164). He aha koa ra hei haere noa ano (T. 186).

4. Repeated, whether … or. Ahakoa taua, ahakoa tira haere noa, e kore e ora (T. 175).

Āhaku, pos. pron., pl. of tahaku. My, mine. Ka mutu ano nga tamariki ahaku ko ena (Tr. vii, 37). Ko Whakatau-potiki ahaku (Tr. vii, 49). =āku.

Āhana, pos. pron., pl. of tahana. His. He hopu tou ahana (Tr. vii, 37). = āna (ii).

Ahao, n. Spear with detachable point (Po.).

Āhau (i), pos. pron., pl. of tāhau. Thy, thine. = āu.

Āhau (ii), n. Temporary breakwind for crops.

Ahau = au, awau, awahau, pron. 1st pers. sing. I, me. Na Tinirau ahau i ngare mai (T. 59). After the prepositions a, o, ma, mo, na, no, and the particles ta, to, the suffix ku is used in place of au, thus: aku, maku, toku, etc. Note that ahau does not take the prefix a, but au does. Ka mea atu a Hinemoa, “Homai ki ahau” (T. 133).

Āhea = awhea, a hea, ad. interrogative, of future time. When? Ahea koe haere ai?

Ahea atu, how far? ‖ hea (i).

Āheahea, n. Rainbow.

Āhei (i), pt. 1. Able. Mo te whai rawa ake i a tatou, e kore e ahei (T. 169). E kore au e ahei te ki atu.

2. Possible, within one's power. Kaore e ahei i a ia te haere.

Āhei (ii), n. 1. Collar-bone. Ka werohia a Te Purewa, tu tonu ki te ahei. ‖ ā (i).

2. A method of holding the spear against the collar-bone as a guard. Koinei tana tatai he ahei i te rakau.

3. Snare spread between trees for birds. aheinga = ahei, 3.

Āheihei = heihei, n. Disturbance. Tutu ana te aheihei o te moana.

Aheiha, ad. Truly, exactly, certainly. A form of assent.

Āhere. 1. n. Snare for birds, etc.

2. v.t. Fix snares.

Aheu, n. A changeable wind from the southeast.

Ahi (i) n. Fire. Tenei to ahi (T. 24). As the first element of a compound word ahi is applied to a large class of karakia, as ahitaitai, ahitahoka, ahi-taumata, etc. Ahikaroa, title to land by occupation. ‖ J. ii, 77, 78, and vi, 49–54.

ahiahi, n. Evening. Kia ahiahi ka hoki mai ki roto ki tona whare (T. 46).

ahiahitanga (poetical), n. Evening. Kia tangi atu au i te ahiahitanga (M. 252).

Ahi (ii) = ai, v.t. Beget.

Ahikaea, n. The first month of spring.

Ahikarae, n. Portions of the slain carried as tokens of victory. Ka tonoa e Tuwhakairiora etahi o nga toa hei karere ki a Te Aotaki me te twi hei kawe i te ahikarae i te mariunga o te patu me te pa tahuri (J. xx, 23). ‖ mariunga.

Ahikauri, n. Hatred.

Āhiki. 1. n. Footstep.

2. v.i. Make haste.

āhikihiki = ahiki, 2.

Ahikomau, n. Pennantia corymbosa, a tree. = kaikomako (Po.).

Ahimaru, n. The second month of spring.

Ahine (poetical) = wahine.

Ahinui, n. The third month of spring.

Ahipua, n. The fireplace on a canoe.

Ahitere, a. Causing discord. He wahine ahitere (P. 29).

Āhiwahiwa, v.t. Cut, gash.

Aho (i), n. 1. String, line. Ka maro a raua aho (T. 25).

2. Woof, cross threads of a mat. Aho tahuhu, first weft in weaving a garment.

3. Genealogy, line of descent. Hapainga te aho o to tupuna (M. 413). E kore koe e tau hei whai ake mo te taki aho ariki (M. 412).

4. Medium for an atua in divination. Kei piki koutou i te aho kei mate koutou. = reti. ‖ niu.

Aho (ii). 1. n. Radiant light, as opposed to diffused light. Ko te aho kua tae mai ki aku kamo (S. ii, 62).

2. v. Shine. Ka aho mai te maramatanga o te ra. ‖ mataaho, tiaho.

ahoaho, a. Pure white, shining (but not applied to snow).

Aho (iii), ahoaho = aha (iii), n. Open space. Kei te ahoaho e noho ana, kei te wahi marama. (This is probably connected with aho (ii).)

Aho (iv), ahoaho, n. A fish, ? porpoise. He aho taua ika e takoto ana i runga i te waka.—He ariki taniwha taua ika ahoaho.

Ahorangi, n. Teacher of high standing in the school of learning.

Ahore = kahore, ad. Not.

Ahoroa, n. 1. Moon.

2. Bright moonlight. ‖ aho (ii).

Ahotea = uhitea, n. 1. An edible tuber. ‖ uwhi.

2. Phyllocladus trichomanoides, a tree. = tanekaha.

3. Distress. To ratou manawapa nui me te ahotea o te ngakau mo te maumou o tenei wahine rangatira kia mate tamariki (W.M. xi, 22).

Ahotu, n. The moon on the seventh day. = Tamatea-tu-rua.

Ahowai, n. Design in carving.

Ahowhare, n. Soot.

Ahu (i). 1. n. Heap, mound.

2. Sacred mound used in certain rites. Tohinga mauritanga o papa ma ki mua ki te ahu (M. 248). ‖ tuaahu.

3. v.t. Heap up. Katahi ka ahu raua i ta raua tuaahu (W. v, 75).

4. a. Heaped up. He mea ahu nga onepu e nga ringaringa o te tohunga (M. lxxxiii).

ahunga, n. Heaping up. Te ahunga one-one, te aponga ki runga ra (M. 127).

whakaahu. 1. v.t. Heap up, lay in a heap. Whakaahua koe ki te ahi rarauhe (M. 5). Whakaahutia he aruhe ki runga ahi.

2. v.i. Swell up. Ka whakaahu toku puku.

3. Be displeased, dissatisfied. Katahi te tangata whakaahu ki aku kai.—Whakaahu ana au i te pukapuka a Henare: ko taku whakaahu tenei, te haere ia ki Wharekahika kati mai ai.

ahuahu. 1. v.t. Heap up. He mea ahuahu nga puke hei taunga mo a ratou teka.

2. Earth up crops, etc.

3. n. The process of earthing up. I u mai a Paikea ki enei motu … i te wa i tupuketia ai te ahuahu (W. iii, 35).

Ahu (ii), v.t. 1. Tend, foster, fashion. Na Tuparimaewaewa, nana ahau i ahu mai, ka kiia he tangata (T. 17). Kihai koe i ahua e tou matua (M. 115). Ka ahuria o iwi matariki e te rau e pae (M. 22). Ahu-whenua, cultivate the soil. Kua marara nga tangata … ki a ratou mahi ahu-whenua i nga māra (W. v, 20).

2. Treat with. To kiri i ahua ki te wai ngarahu (M. 28).

ahuahu, v.t. Tend, foster, fashion. Ahuahungia mai e Rongotakawiu, ka tupu ko Whakatau (T. 57). I te wahi i ahua mai tenei mahi … a ahuahu te whenua, a ahuahu te moana … e Io-matua.

ahunga, n. Generation. Ata whaia ki tenei ahunga tangata (M. lxxi). Ko taua kuia no te ahunga i a Kuoro.

Whakaahu, Whakaahu-te-ra, n. A star, ? Castor or Pollux.

Ahu (iii), v.i. 1. Move in a certain direction. E ahu mai ana te waka.

2. Point in a certain direction. Ka kitea ki nga waewae e takoto ana ahu tonu ki roto (T. 202). Ki te taha ahi e ahutia mai nga ihu waka i a Pararaki (S. 35).

ahuahu, v.i. 1. Be diminished. Kaore rawa kia ahuahu nga peka.

2. Set of the sun. Kia ahuahu te ra ka kai ai tatou.

Ahu (iv), n. ? = kahu. Garment. E kore au e mate, i te ahu o Kuranui (P. 64).

Āhua (i), 1. n. Form appearance. Ae, me koe na ano te ahua (T. 62).

2. Form, as opposed to substance. Ka tangohia e te patupaiarehe te ahua o nga whakakai (T. 181).

3. Character. He tangata ahua pai.

4. v.t. Form, make. Ka ahua te pa, ko Rangitawhi.

whakaāhua. 1. v.t. Form, fashion. Ka haere a Tane, whakaahua i te oneone hei wahine mahana (Tr. vii, 34).

2. v.i. Acquire form. Kua oti ake ia te whakaahua ki te ahua o nga manu (T. 14).

āhuahua, v.i. Resemble. Ahuahua ana te kanohi o te tamaiti nei ki tona papa.

āhuatia, v. pass. 1. Be formed. Te kainga i ahuatia ai koutou e Tiki.

2. Be near. Kahore ano kia ahuatia te haora mo te kai.

3. Be full, of the moon. Ahuatia koia te marama, e, te whakahinga atu ki Okehu (M. 106).

āhuatanga, n. Likeness. Ka whakaahuatia hoki ahau ki to te manu ahuatanga (T. 18).

whaka-whai-ahua, v.t. Impart form to, fashion.

Āhua (ii), v.i. Be pregnant. E. ahua ana te wahine.

Āhua (iii), v.i. 1. Hasten. E to, e te ra, ahua te whakangaro (M. 396). E to ra koia, e te ra, e ahua iara ko te whakangaro (M. 377).

2. Approach. Ka ahua mai ki te matakitaki (T. 180).

Ahūa, ad. Truly; a form of assent.

Āhuaatua, n. Discourtesy, rudeness.

Āhuahunui, n. A pattern of carving.

Āhuareka, a. 1. Pleasant, agreeable, entertaining. Ka ahuareka noa iho a raua nei korero ki a raua nei (T. 169).

2. Pleased. E kore ahau e ahuareka ki tena mea.

Āhukahuka, v.t. 1. Resemble, coincide nearly. Kihai i ahukahuka mai tau korero i runga i taku.

2. Become acquainted with. Nga tangata kua ahukahuka ki nga mahi a te pakeha, ko ratou ano e matau (W.M. viii, 89).

3. Recognise. I ahukahuka atu ahau i taku tirohanga atu ki te tangata ra.

4. Get near, approach. Kihai i ahukahuka te kai-whai, kihai i aha.

Ahumairangi, n. 1. Form of whirlwind.

2. Sacred place. = Ahurewa.

Āhumehume, a. 1. Suitable, pleasing. Ahumehume tahi te kahu a te Tipua (Sh.T. 180).

2. n. A woman's garment reaching from waist to knee. = rapaki.

Ahungarua, a. Elderly, approaching old age. ‖ ahu (ii).

Ahunui, a. Industrious. ‖ ahu (ii).

Ahupuke, n. Some part of the tuaahu used in connection with makutu.

Ahurangi. 1. a. Unsettled, uncertain. Ahurangi ana taku nei titiro ki Ahuahu i raro.

2. n. A form of tuaahu, q.v.

3. n. Person free from moral or spiritual blemish, the antithesis of whiro. He whiro ranei koe, he ahurangi ranei.

Ahurei (i). 1. a. Chief, prominent, unique.

2. n. Glow, splendour. = mana.

whakaahurei, v.i. Shoot forth.

Ahurei (ii), v.t. Plant kumara. ‖ whakatopatopa.

Ahurewa, n. 1. Sacred place for the performance of mystic ceremonies. Ka kiia taua wahi he ahurewa, ara ko te wahi tapu (Wa. 3). I taona ki te umu ki runga te ahurewa (J. ii, 120). ‖ ahu (i), tuaahu.

2. Watchman's platform in a fort. Ko te ahurewa o te pa, he pataka, he mea hanga hei nohoanga mo te hunga whakaaraara i nga tangata o roto i te pa, kia mataara tonu i te po.

Ahuriri, n. 1. Weir, dyke.

2. A close low fence in a cultivation, or across entrance to a pa, to exclude pigs, etc. Te maioro, he mea mahi a roto ki te rarauhe me te korokio, me nga mea kotau hei whakakaha mo ta ratou ahuriri.

3. A funnel-shaped fishing net of great size, used like a hinaki in tidal rivers.

Āhuru (i), a. Warm, comfortable. Kia moe atu au i te moenga ahuru (M. 21).

Ahuru mowai:calm, sheltered haven.

whakaahuru, v.t. Warm, nestle, cherish. He whakaahuru kore mo to kiri (M. 26).

Āhuru (ii), āhuruhuru, n. Auchenoceros punctatus, a sea fish, scaleless, about size of rawaru.

Ahuwhenua, a. Industrious. ‖ ahu (ii).

Ai (i), ad. Not generally to be translated by any equivalent English word, but used in the following cases:

1. In relative clauses, where the relative in English is governed by a verb or preposition. Kei kona nga tangata i kite ai au (There are the men whom I saw) (T. 116). Ka kitea he tikanga mana e mate ai tenei taniwha (He discovered a plan by which this monster might be killed) (T. 110). Occasionally with passive verbs when the relative is the subject of the verb. Ka kitea te wahi i kimihia mai ai e ratou (The place was found which was sought for by them) (T. 121).

2. In clauses expressing the reason for which anything is done, or the object in view in doing it. He aha koe i whakaorangia ai? (Why were you saved alive?) (T. 46). Koia i tapa ai toku ingoa e te iwi nei, ko Tatau (That is why this people gave me the name of Tatau) (T. 46). I tapa ai tena matenga ko Maikukutea, no te mea ko nga maikuku kau i kitea (The place of this slaughter was called Maikukutea because there was nothing found but the finger-nails) (T. 93). He nuka na Kupe kia riro mai ai a Kuramarotini mana (It was an artifice of Kupe's in order that he might obtain Kuramarotini for himself) (T. 109). Mo wai to wai, i haere iho ai koe i te po? (For whom is your water that you come down to fetch it by night?) (T. 96). Te tangata nana nei ahau i maminga i haere mai ai ahau (The man who deceived me so that I came).

3. In clauses marking the time or place of an action or event. Nonawhea koutou nei i u mai ai? (When was it that you arrived?) (T. 122). Kei te wai heru ano ka patu ai, katahi ka mate (It is at the pool where he dresses his hair that you should strike him; then he will die) (T. 54).

4. With a verb or adjective denoting an action or state consequent upon some previous action. Toia ake ki uta takoto ai i te po (It was drawn up on shore at night, to lie there) (T. 76).

5. Denoting present habitual condition or action. Noho noa ai nga tangata o tera motu; kaore e mahi kai (The men of that island live at ease; they do not cultivate food).

6. With reference to something previously mentioned, as aforesaid, as already stated. I a ia ai i roto i te whare o ona tuakana (When he was, as already stated, in the house of his elder brothers) (T. 17). Po iho ai, ka whiti mai a Hinemoa ki Mokoia (When the night came, as aforesaid, Hinemoa crossed over to Mokoia) (T. 135).

7. In the phrase, Ko wai i hua ai? or Ko wai i tohu ai? (Who would have thought?)

8. With koi, indicating a narrow escape. Koi rarua ai koe!

Ai (ii), v. substantive. Te ai he aha hei whakaohooho mai (There was nothing to disturb them) (T. 117). Me e ai ana he toki maku (If there were an axe for me; If I had an axe). Mehemea e ai iwi toroa ana au (If I possessed some albatross bones). E ai au kuware! (What folly is yours!). The following is an irregular use: Me he ai waka, kua whiti atu ahau (If there were a canoe, I would cross over). E ai ki tana, or e ai tana, it is according to his [saying], i.e., he says. E ai, in poetry, as it were. Kia ringia te puna i aku kamo, e ai te taheke (M. 133). Ka mangi noa au, e ai te ao rere (M. 240).

Ai (iii), v.t. 1. Lie with a female; copulate, of both sexes. Aitia ana taua wahine a Maui e Tuna-roa (W. ii, 109).

2. Procreate, beget. Nana i ai atu Kaitawhara (M. 208).

aitanga, n. Progeny, descendants (a frequent factor in tribal appellatives). Te aitanga a Tiki (The descendants of Tiki, a tribe) (T. 145). In poetical expression, Te aitanga a Punga, insects, etc. Ngai as an element in tribal names seems to be connected with this. ‖ ati.

Ai (iv), int. expressing surprise. Ai! taukiri e! (T. 63).

Aia. int. = kaitoa.

Aiahi (poetical) = ahiahi. E muri aiahi takoto ki te moenga (S).

Āianei. 1. ad. Now, today, presently. Waihoki ko tenei, e aku tuakana, ka taea hoki e au tenei, ka taea hoki e au tera atu aianei (T. 19).

2. l.n. The present time. After the prep. i, no, o, or part. to, the letter n is prefixed and the prep. and n written as one word. ‖ inaianei, nonaianei, onaianei. Kotahi tonu tonaianei, ko Tuhourangi (T. 77). The word is sometimes broken by the insertion of tata. ‖ inaiatatanei.

Aihe. 1. n. Delphinus delphis, dolphin.

2. Driftwood. Kei te kapi te ara-a-waka i te aihe.

3. a. Drifting. Ka haere te pipi aihe, ka noho te tumu-whakarae (J. xvii, 163).

aihetia, pass. Be driven ashore. Ko taua tuporo waro i aihetia ki uta e te tai, ara i paea ki uta.

Aihunga = hauhunga, n. Frost.

Āinga, n., derivied from ā (ii). Violence, driving force. I te wa e rere ai te kano o te perehia i te ainga a te hau ki te moana (W. iii, 35).

Āio (i) a. 1. Calm. Kaore, ka aio te moana, ka rewa (Pi. 135, 4).

2. At peace. He whenua aio.

whakaaio, a. Peaceful. Ka moe whakaaio ki te mate (S. ii, 78).

whakaaiohia, pass. Used of making peace, in antithesis to houhia te rongo. Ka houhia te rongo i tera pa, e whakaaiohia ana i tetahi pa (P. 54).

Aio (ii), n. The moon on the eighth day. = Tamatea-tu-toru.

Aiopīpī, n. Settled calm.

Airaia, conj. But. = otira, raia.

Aitu, n. 1. Sickness, calamity. Tenei te taka i te whare aitu (M. 334).

2. Demon. Ka whiwhi te ringa o Aitu (M. 139). Te ika a te Aitu (M. 223).

Aituā. 1. a. Of ill omen, unlucky. He aitua, ina mahue te whare.

2. Unfortunate, in trouble. Na koutou hoki tatou i aitua ai.—Kei aitua tana tamaiti mo tana mahi he (W. i, 99).

3. n. Misfortune, trouble, distaste, accident.

4. Omen, particularly evil omen. Ka matakite hei titiro i tona aitua (T. 175). ‖ J. vii, 120.

Aiutu. —— Ka tatau te maro aiutu, te eke mai he aiutu ki tenei matorohanga.

Āka (i), n. Yearning, affection. Kua mate a Rangi i te aka. = aroha.

Āka (ii), v.t. Clean off, scrape away. Ko te iwi o Kahuparoro ki te koko i te aruhe, ko te iwi o Rakaihikuroa ki te aka i te pei o te aruhe.

Aka (i), n. Long and thin roots of trees or plants. Kei hopu tou ringa ki te aka taepa, engari kia mau ki te aka matua (T. 48).

Aka o tuwhenua, and aka o te whenua (M. 289), a proverbial expression for fern root. He aruhe, ko te aka o tuwhenua, ko te kai e ora ai te tangata (M. 141).

2. Metrosideros albiflora and M. perforata, climbing plants.

3. Vine of any climbing plant; hence occurring in the names of many climbers.

akaaka. 1. n. Fibrous roots.

2. a. Having fibrous roots.

3. n. State of turmoil, Kei te akaaka nga rangi tuhaha.

Aka (ii) (Tahu.) = anga, q.v. Ka kohitia te aka o te pupu, ka whakapiri ki o raua kanohi (Tr. vii, 43). Ko nga huruhuru o te upoko, koia te aka (Tr. vii, 40).

Akahu, a. Shallow, on the surface. Kia akahu to tarei i tena wahi, kaua e u to toki. ‖ kahu.

ākahukahu, a. Indistinct, scarcely visible.

Akakaikiore, akakiore, n. Parsonsia heterophylla, P. capsularis, etc., climbing plants.

Akakaikū, akakaikūkū, akakūkū, n. A climbing plant (Tetrapathaea tetrandra, also a species of Clematis).

Akakaimanu, n. Tetrapathaea tetrandra, a climbing plant.

Akakarena, n. A climbing plant.

Akakiekie, n. Roots of kiekie (Freycinetia banksii).

Akakiore = akakaikiore.

Akakoareare, n. Edible rhizome of raupo (Typha angustifolia). = koareare.

Akakongohe, n. A climbing plant.

Akakopuka, akapuka, n. Griselinia lucida, a climbing plant.

Akakowhai, n. A climbing plant.

Akakūkū. ‖ akakaikū.

Akakura, n. 1. Metrosideros scandens, a climbing plant.

2. A weapon of the wood of this plant. Ai he akakura hei kokiri, tau rawa atu ko Kaikoura ra (M. 196).

3. A variety of kumara.

Akapirita = pirita, n. Rhipogonum scandens, supplejack, a climbing plant.

Akapohue, n. A creeping plant. = pohue (Calystegia sepium, bindweed).

Akapuka = akakopuka.

Akaraupo, n. A variety of potato.

Akarewa, n. A variety of taro, purplish in colour.

Akatātarāmoa, n. A climbing plant, Rubus sp.

Akatawhiwhi, n. Metrosideros scandens, a climbing plant.

Akatea, n. Metrosideros albiflora and M. perforata, climbing plants. Ko te upoko i takaia ki te akatea (P. 55).

Akatoki, n. A climbing plant with a thin strong stem, used for lashing toki. = akatea, torotoro.

Akatororaro, n. Tetrapathaea tetranda, a climbing plant.

Akatorotoro, n. Metrosideros perforata, a climbing plant with a thin strong stem, used for lashing toki.

Akatotara, n. A climbing plant.

Akaturihanga, n. A climbing plant with a very strong stem, used for lashing.

Ākau, n. 1. Shore, coast, especially rocky coast. Noho ana i te akau o te moana (T. 96). Akau roa, and akaunga roa, circuitous route. He akau roa ano tera, he tukutata tenei.

2. Bank, of a stream. Ka tango ia ki tana tira … ki te akau o te wai (M. lxxxiii).

3. Reef. Ko te akau tera i tahuri ai taua waka, ko Te Huripureiata.

Akau, a. —— Hoe akau, steering paddle. Ka whakaturia nga kai mau o nga hoe; ko Taipupuni ki te hoe akau.

Akawhero, n. A climbing plant.

Ake (i), n. Dodonaea viscosa, a tree. = akerautangi.

akeake, n. Dodonaea viscosa, Olearia traversii and other species, trees.

Ake (ii). 1. ad. indicating immediate continuation in time. Haere ake, haere ake, ka morunga ake taua whare (T. 21). Sometimes to be translated forthwith, thenceforth. Titiro ana tetehi o nga pononga, tikarohia ake te kanohi e Tongameha (T. 48). When used with an imperf. verb, ake, unlike mai, always precedes ana. Mea ake, or mea kau ake, immediately, soon, in a very little while. No reira tana mohiotanga, mea ake ia whakamatea hei utu mo taua tamaiti (T. 108). Taro ake, in a little while. Ake, ake, ake, for ever. Penei ka ora tonu te tangata ake, ake, ake (T. 7). (In speaking, the a of the first ake is somewhat prolonged.)

2. ad. intensifying the force of some local nouns, adjectives, and pronouns: Ki runga ake, higher up; no mua ake, some time before. I mua tata ake o te whawhai ki Waikato (Just before the Waikato war) (W. iv, 48). Kei muri ake ano i a ratou etahi waka e hoe ana mai (A little after them were paddling some other canoes) (T. 121). With an adjective or participle, quite, very. Pau ake nga taha (T. 94). Oti ake nga papa e rua (T. 35). A, ka nui ake tona whakama (T. 186). Taua ra ake, that same day. With a personal pronoun, self. E wawata puku ana tetehi me tetehi ki a raua ake (T. 131.) With a possessive pron., own. E kore e rite ki tana ake kai, tino kai tino makona (P.). When used thus with a pron. the order is sometimes varied, thus: toku whare ake = toku ake whare. Homai te paki whero o Uenuku na hei paki ake moku (T. 65).

3. Correlative of iho, q.v. From below, upwards. When persons or objects are thus relatively situated, ake always qualifies the action or condition of that which is in the inferior position in respect of that which is in the superior position; this is so even though iho be not expressed. Te puna e hu ake ra i raro i te whenua (T. 154). Ka whakatika ake i roto i te wai (T. 134). E koutou e haka ake nei, whakarongo ake koutou katoa (T. 65). Ma te pawa e ngau ake, ka mate (T. 64).

4. Implying direction to some place connected with the speaker. but not where he is at the time of speaking. Engari, ki te haere ake koe ki toku kainga, haria ake ano he kai mau (S. 26).

Ake (iii), v.i. Go. Ka ake ki hea?

Akeake, n. Poor land. Ko aku purapura i whakanohoia ki te akeake.

Akengokengo, ad. Tomorrow.

Akepiro, n. Olearia furfuracea, a shrub.

Akerautangi, n. 1. Dodonaea viscosa, a tree. = ake (i).

2. A weapon made of the same. I werohia pea ki te akerautangi (M. 112).

Akewharangi, n. Olearia rani, a tree. = heketara, ngungu, wharangipiro.

Aki (i). 1. v.t. Dash. Hohoro kau ana te tangata ki te aki i te patu ki nga kauae o te ika ra (T. 155).

2. Beat, pound. I rongo ake tera ki te turituri o te ngahiri e aki ana i te roi (W. iv, 40).

3. v.i. Dash. Ko te tai anake e aki ana (T. 93).

4. Abut on. Mehemea ka tu tetehi whare, ka aki mai te waha ki te tuarongo o tetehi, he whare katore, he aitua.

akiaki, v.t. Urge on. Kei te akiaki a Tamatea-a-moa, “Tikina a tatou tangata totoia mai, patua” (W. iii, 61).

Aki (ii), n. Boy. (Tahu.)

Akiaki, n. Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus, red-billed gull. = tarapunga.

Ākikō, ad. At a distance from home. E noho akiko ana taua tangata.

Akiraho, n. Olearia paniculata, a shrub.

Akiri, v.t. Throw away, reject. Akiritia nga otaota ki waho.

ākirikiri, v.t. Throw away piecemeal, Tikina ana e raua, hura ana nga toetoe o te whare, akirikiritia ana.

kitō, v.i. 1. Be slow.

2. Trail, as a garment.

3. Be lengthened out.

= akuto, auto.

Akitu. 1. v.t. Close in on, fight. Hei akitu e nga hangarau i ahau (S. 77).

2. n. Point, end, summit. ‖ aki (i).

Ako (i), v.t. 1. Learn. E karakia ana nga tohunga ra, e akona tonutia ana e Rata i konei ka mohio atu ia (T. 56).

2. Teach, instruct, advise. Penei ka rongo mai koe ki taku ako atu ka ora koe. (T. 25) Ka ako atu a Tinirau ki nga tangata o te kainga, “E puta au i te ata, kia kaha te karanga” (T. 38). Kihai raua i whakarongo ki te ako o tana kupu (W. iii, 26).

whakaako, v.t. Teach. Na te atua ano ia i whakaako, i mohio ai (T. 8).

akonga, n. Learner, disciple.

akoranga, n. 1. Circumstance, time, place, etc., of learning.

2. Thing taught or learnt.

akoako, v.i. Consult together, give or take counsel.

Ako (ii), akoako, v.i. Split, have a tendency to split. E kore tenei rakau e akoako. Tai akoako, a very low tide.

Ako (iii), v.i. Move, stir. Kei ako au kei keukeu (M. 27). Ako hihiri ai e roto ki te mahi (M. 120).

Akoro, n. The moon on the fifth day.

= koro, okoro.

Āku, pron. 1. plural of definitive pron. taku. My. Kia kite i aku tamariki (T. 16). [For the difference between aku and oku ‖ F.L. § 22.]

2. pron. 1st pers. sing. -ku with prep. a prefixed. Belonging to me, of mine. I whanau au i tetehi tamaiti aku (I brought forth a child of mine) (T. 16).

Aku, akuaku. 1. v.i. Delay, take time over anything.

2. v.t. Scrape out, cleanse. Akuakuna te umu.

akuaku, a. Firm, strong. Kahore ano kia akuaku nga iwi o tana tamaiti.

Ākuanei, ad. of time following. Presently, today. Akuanei u tonu mai (Presently they arrived) (T. 121). Akuanei koe whakarere ai i a au (S. 25). Me whai mai e to waka akuanei (T. 70).

Ākuara, l.n. A little while. Used as an ad. with prep. i followed by euphonic n. ‖ inakuara, aianei, nonakuara.

Akunga, n. Rank and file. E waru rau tonu te kairakau o te ope, ma te akunga ka toru mano ai (Pi. 149, 11).

Akura, n. Entrance to an eel-pot.

Akutō, a. 1. Late, lagging. He tau akuto (A year in which the crops are late).

2. Slow. He ope akuto, e kore e hohoro te ara. ‖ akito, auto.

akutotanga, n. Delay. Ka poro ra hoki taku akutotanga (M. 174).

Ama (i), n. 1. Outrigger on the windward side of a canoe. Hei roto koe, hei te ama o to taua waka (T. 26). ‖ tuama.

2. Thwart of a canoe.

Ama (ii) = amo, n. The carved posts supporting the maihi of a whare.

Amai. 1. n. Swell on the sea. Kahore i tata mai te amai o te moana ki te wahapu o Manuka (W. v, 69).

2. The back part of the head of a Maori axe helve, where bound round.

3. a. Giddy, dizzy. E amai ana tona matenga.

āmaimai, a. Nervous.

Amaia, n. Halo.

Amaru (i), n. Metrosideros scandens, a climbing plant.

Amaru (ii), a. Of dignified aspect. ‖ maru.

Amatiatia, n. 1. Outrigger of a canoe.

2. Canoe with an outrigger.

Āmene, v.t. 1. Desire. Kei te amene te ngakau ki te kino.

2. Gather, collect. Amenea mai nga pungarehu. ‖ mene (i).

Amengemenge, a. Curled, crumpled. = koromengemenge.

Āmi, v.t. Gather, collect. Kia amia he taua (W. v, 103). Kia roa ai hoki he wa hei ami kai ma te manuwhiri (W. v, 55).

Ami, n. Odour.

amiami, n. A sweet-smelling shrub.

Āmiki = amiku. 1. v.t. Gather up without omitting any, make a clean sweep. Kua amikia katoatia nga kai. ‖ āmi.

2. Tell a story without omitting any particular. Kaua e amikitia te korero.

3. Go round about.

4. a. Prosy.

Amiku = amiki.

āmikumiku, v.t. Make a circuit round.

Amine = amene. ‖ mine.

Amio, 1. v.i. Roam, go round about, circle round. Ko te rerenga o taua kawau ki runga amio ai (S.). Amioa, amioa, ko te rua o nga hokinga mai (M. 410). Tangi amio ana te karoro i tai ra (S. ii, 77).

2. v.t. assemble, collect. Kaore koe e whakama mo te amio tangata ki konei.

amionga, a. 1. Mischievous, meddlesome.

2. Procrastinating. E tama, he amionga to mahi.

āmiomio, v.i. 1. Turn round and round.

2. Be giddy.

Amo, 1. v.t. Carry on the shoulder. E kite koe i te rakau roa, turakina, ka amo mai (T. 46).

2. Carry on a litter.

3. Rush upon, charge. Amohia!

4. n. Litter, bier.

5. Upright supports of the lower ends of the maihi on the front gable of a house.

6. A ceremonial presentation of kumara to the tohunga, connected with lifting the crop. Ka haere te amo a Hotukura ki te ariki ki a Uenuku (T. 107). He amo i te hau o te taua kia toa ai ki te riri. ‖ amohanga, amonga.

amohanga, n. 1. Stage for storing food.

2. Posts of awhata.

3. = amoamohanga. Kumara, etc., sent to the chief tohunga as part of ceremony of pure when the crop was gathered. Ka tikina te kai o ia mara, o ia mara, ka hui ki te mahi i aua kai ano, ko te ingoa o tena he pure, he amoamohanga mo nga kai i mahia i roto i te tau.

amonga = amoranga, n. The heart of one slain in battle, or other sacred food for conciliating an atua. Ka raranga i to kete tuauriuri, hai kete amonga mau.—Ka haere a Tautuporangi ki te kawe i te amoranga ki a Te Wananga.

Amoka, n. Podocarpus totara, a South Island name for totara.

Amokapua, n. Chief, leader, priest. = amorangi.

Amoko —— Kiri amoko, The outer bark of totara and manuka. ‖ amoka.

Amokura, n. Phaethon rubricauda roseotincta, red-tailed tropic-bird. Kia tia paruru te rau o te amokura (S. 8).

Amoranga. ‖ amo.

Amorangi, n. 1. Priest, leader. = amokapua.

2. Emblem of an atua carried by tohunga in van of army. Te amorangi ki mua, te hapai o ki muri (P.). ‖ iorangi.

3. n. Litter on which persons of high rank were carried.

4. n. Horse formed by securing a horizontal pole to two posts, used to raise heavy timbers.

Amotai, n. 1. Swell on the sea.

2. Name of a certain incantation or karakia.

Amu, amuamu, v.i. Grumble, begrudge, complain. Kei to noho noa iho ia ki te kainga, me te whakarongo ki te amuamu a ana wahine (T. 20). Pass. amuamutia, be grumbled at. Ka amuamutia e te tangata whenua (P. 106).

Āmua, l.n. The time to come. Hei amua, or mo amua, hereafter. Hei amua ahua ka haere ai. ‖ mua.

Āmuri, l.n. The time to come. Waiho mo amuri.

Āmuri ake nei, hereafter. ‖ muri.

Āna (i) = ae na, int. Yes. In answer to a negative question it must be translated no. ‖ ae. “E kore ranei e tae mai ki konei?” “Ana, e kore pea e tae mai” (“No, probably he will not come”). Kaore āna ra koe awhe mai ana ki te haukainga (M. xcvii). Ana koia, ana koa, yes, certainly.

Āna (ii), pron. 1. plural of definitive pron. tana. His, her. Ka ui atu a Maui ki ana tuakana (T. 10). Ka tatau mai to ratou whaea i ana tama (T. 10). [For the difference between ana and ona ‖ F.L. § 22.]

2. pron. 3rd pers. sing. -na with prep. a prefixed. Of him, of her, of his, of hers. A, ka mutu tenei mahi ana (Well, this exploit of his was ended) (T. 25).

Āna (iii), def. = ena, pl. of tena. (Ngi.)

Anā. 1. ad. There. Ana, kei Motutapu (T. 33). Anei tatou na ko te po: ana tatou na he ra ki tua (P.). ‖ anei, arā.

2. conj. When, in future time only. Ko to te Maori ritenga tawhito tenei ana ka marenatia (T. 134).

3. int. calling immediate attention. Ana! me te poko! (T. 13). Ana, koia e takoto kino nei te whenua (T. 23). ‖ anana.

Ana (i), n. Cave. Te ana kowhatu o te wahine ra (T. 95).

Ana (ii). A particle denoting continuance of action or state, used after verbs or adjectives. When the verb is followed by mai, ana may either precede or follow mai. E kiia ana mai (M. 58): E kiia mai ana (M. 59). When the verb is followed by any other adverb, or by its object without the particle i, ana will follow the adverb or object, as the case may be. E mahi kai ana ma ratou (T. 78): E haere tapu tonu ana mai (T. 78): Ko Maru e titiro iho ana (T. 137).

1. When e precedes the adj. or verb, ana denotes a temporary condition, a continuing action, or an action intended to be performed immediately. Kei runga kei te whare e iri ana tou teina, e ngaua ana e te pawa ahi (T. 64). E whakarongo ana raua ki te putanga mai o te hau (T. 93). E pai ana tena (T. 195). E haere ana ahau ki Tauranga.

2. Following a word preceded by kia, ana denotes continuance of action or condition. He aha i waiho ai te manuhiri kia karanga ana (T. 168). Ko te here ka waiho kia tere ana (T. 147).

3. Without e it is used in animated narration of a rapid succession of actions. Ae ana mai, haere ana: noho ana ia, tunu manu ana mana (T. 95).

4. Placed after a noun, it denotes the point to which anything reaches. “Ko Te Kahureremoa” atu ano, i waho nei, a, roto atu ana (T. 144).

Anahe = anake, ad. Only.

Anaianei, ad. Henceforward. ‖ aianei.

Anake, ad. 1. Only, none but, nothing but. Ko te tai anake e aki ana (T. 93).

2. Without exception. Ko enei pa e toru no Ngati Apa anake nga tangata.

Anamata, ad. Hereafter. ‖ namata.

Anana, int. expressing admiration, etc. Anana! tutu ana te heihei (T. 5). Anana ‖ ta Tangaroa pai hoki, ano kei te wai e tawheta ana (T. 22). ‖ anā.

Ananga, n. The moon on the sixth day. = Tamatea-tu-tahi.

Anao, anaoa, int. expressing satisfaction or assent. Certainly. Anao, e tama, he ahakoa i kiia ai (W.M. x, 203).

Ānau (i). 1. v.i. Ramble, wander. Na taku wairua i anau kau (M. 331). ‖ nau.

2. a. Restless, lazy, bewildered.

3. Curved, crooked. Piko anau, arch.

4. n. Curve. Ka nui te anautanga o te whenua nei. (Referring to sweep of horizon.)

Ānau (ii), n. Rain. (Tahu.)

Aneane, a. Sharp. Aneane tonu te mata o te rakau. ‖ areare.

Anea, a. Devastated, swept by war. Anea kau ana te whenua.—Haere i a Tuku-noa, i a Heke-noa, e popo, e anea, mau ka oti atu.

whakaanea (probably from a different root), v.i. Stoop. I whakaanea hoki, na reira i kitea ai te kohamo.

Ānehu, a. Misty. He rangi anehu.

Ānei = enei, pl. of tenei. (Ngi.)

Anei, ad. 1. Here. Anei tatou na ko te po: ana tatou na he ra ki tua (P.). ‖ tenei.

2. In this case. Me i haere mai koe i te taenga atu o Paoa, anei kua ata whakatika taua korero.

Ānene = hanene, v.i. Breathe gently. I ata anene te haere mai o te hau ra; anenenene, a ka rahi haere.

Ānewa. 1. v. Reel, fall. Me he matakokiri anewa i te rangi. ‖ newa.

2. a. Weak, listless. Kahore he iwi i te ngaunga a te ra; anewa noa ai. Anewa o te rangi, whirlwind. Whakataha ra koe i te anewa o te rangi.

ānewanewa. 1. a. Giddy. E haere anewanewa ana te potaka, ara e haere whakahingahinga ana.—E taia ana au e te mate, kai te potaka tunewhanewha; ka taia, ka haere, ka anewanewa.

2. v.i. Loaf, linger. I runga i te mangere e anewanewa noa ana kia kiia ai kei te mahi.

whakaanewanewa, v.i. Act slowly and deliberately. “Whakanewanewa marire,” e ki ana a Patētē (P.).

Ani, a. Resounding, echoing.

aniani, v.t. Disparage, belittle.

Ānina, āninanina, a. Giddy, aching. Kua aninaninatia te mahunga ki enei tu korero (W.M. ix, 54). ‖ ānini.

Ānini. 1. a. Giddy, aching (of the head only). E anini ana toku upoko.—Tere anini ana ki roto Mapere (M. 341).

2. n. Sensation.

3. Shimmering heat. ‖ arohi.

ānininini, a. Reeling.

Anipā, a. Anxious, solicitous, Ka ngaro to tamaiti, kaore e kitea, kua anipa noa iho koe koi mate.

Aniroro, a. Giddy, light-headed. ‖ rangiroro.

Aniu, v.i. Feel shame. Kanui toku aniutanga i muri i a koe.

Āniwa, a. Reckless, aimless, bewildered.

āniwaniwa. 1. n. Rainbow.

2. Deep water. Tutu ana te aniwaniwa o te awa, o Whanganui.

3. a. Black, like clouds in stormy weather, or like deep water. E whakaaniwaniwa mai ra te rangi.

4. n. Halo, or ring, surrounding any of the heavenly bodies.

aniwatanga, n. 1. Blackness of deep water.

2. Disgust, distaste. He pono ano ra taku aniwatanga ki te kai a Tiki (M. 19).

Ano, ad. 1. Up to the time spoken of, still, yet. Kei te hi ano ratou (T. 45). E tupu mai nei ano (T. 100). Kahore ano, not yet. Kaore ano a Tangotango i mohio ko Tawhaki tenei (T. 51).

2. Again. Maranga atu tohe mai ano (T. 100). Ka te apiti ano, ka whati mai ano (T. 101).

3. Also, too. Ka tahuna te whare ki te ahi, me nga tangata ano i roto (T. 46). Often in conjunction with hoki.

4. Repeated with a noun, one … another. He tohi ano mo te tane, he tohi ano mo te wahine (There is one form of tohi ceremony for the male, another for the female).

5. Quite, just, exactly. Ano ko taua tamaiti tupu ake (T. 130). He kata noa ano (T. 199). Ae; me koe na ano te ahua (T. 62). Katahi ano. now for the first time. Katahi ano a Paoa ka kitea, ka mohiotia hoki (T. 190).

6. With personal pronouns, self. Nau ano i kawe mai i a koe ? (T. 60).

7. With possessive pronoun, own. Na ana tama ano ra (T. 199).

8. With demonstratives, same. Ka whakatika mai o Taupo, tira, ko te ara e haere mai ai, ko taua huarahi ano (T. 149).

9. Indeed, in affirmations and assertions. Kaore, kei taku ano (T. 25). E tika ana ano.—Kahore he waka mou ? He waka ano.

10. Denoting admiration, and sometimes used interjectionally. Ano te kiri, me te anuhe tawatawa nga mahi a te kauri (T. 30), Ano me he pukepuke whenua (T. 150). Koia ano!How extraordinary! Koia ano i roa ai te nohoanga iho (T. 16).

11. As, as though, as it were. Ano ko Kopu ka puta ake i te pae nga karu o te maipi a te tangata ra. (T. 99). Ka karanga atu a Hinemoa … ano he reo tane (T. 133).

12. And when. = a no.

Anoano, n. Alarm, giddiness.

Anohea, n. Listlessness. ‖ anuhea.

Ānu, v.i. Spit, sputter.

Anu, anuanu, n. Cold. Ka hauhau koe i te anu o waho (T. 66). Takoto mai ra i te anuanu, i te matao (M. 83).

anuanu, a. 1. Offensive, disgusting. E pa, neke atu; anuanu tahi tou.

2. Disgusted. Kei te anuanu au i te wairoro tapu o Tukorehu (M. 401).

anuanutanga, n. Cold. Haere, e kui, i te anuanutanga o nga tau (M. 164).

Anuanu, n. The umu in which food was cooked as part of the pure ceremony at kumara planting. I te ata ano ka ka te pure: te ingoa o taua pure, he anuanu.

Anuhē, a. Sickly. Ka nui tana ora kaore i te anuhē. ‖ Anuhea.

Anuhe, n. 1. A large caterpillar, larva of Sphinx convolvuli; also larva of Hepialis virescens. E tupu atu kumara, e ohu e te anuhe (P.). = hotete, awheto, torongu.

2. Markings on the skin of mackerel. Ano te kiri, me te anuhe tawatawa nga mahi a te kauri (T. 30).

Anuhea, a. 1. Weak, listless, pinched with cold. Kataina te hau makariri, te hau mataotao, te anuanu, te anuhea.

2. Ugly. He anuhea tena, kei titiro atu. ‖ anohea.

Anurangi, n. A variety of kumara with a dark skin. Na Hoturoa i mau mai te kumara e kiia nei he anurangi (W. ii, 165). = anutai.

Anutai, n. 1. A variety of kumara. = anurangi.

2. A species of cockle.

Anutipoki, n. A variety of kumara.

Ānga, n. Derivative from ā (ii).

Anga. 1. v.i. Face or move in a certain direction. Kei te anga te kuwaha ki te uru (T. 110). Me anga taua ki te ra huru (T. 112).

2. Turn to, set about, doing anything, followed by ki or ka. Katahi ka anga ki te tui i a ratou ika.—Ka anga ano ka pei atu i a ia (T. 68).

3. n. Aspect. He anga ora tenei, e kore e roa ka tupu te kai.

4. Hard outer covering, shell, husk. Te anga karaka, te anga koura, koi kitea ki te marae (Po.).

5. Skeleton. Ka angoa nga kiko, ko te anga anake tenei e tu nei.

6. Stone of fruit.

7. Portions of harakeke, etc., thrown aside in dressing.

8. Vessel. = oko.

anganga, n. Aspect. He anganga ra (A sunny aspect).

whakaanga. 1. v.t. Cause to face in a certain direction.

2. n. Canoe with figurehead facing backwards.

angaanga, n. 1. Head. Ka taha te patu tona angaanga (T. 91). Te papa o te angaanga, the skull. Kiri angaanga, scalp. Horea, e Waha, to kiri angaanga (M. 347). Kai angaanga, curse. = kai upoko. Hei kai angaanga mo Te Keteiwi (M. 348).

2. fig. Elder, chief. He nui muringa hei ki mai i tona angaanga (P. 22). Ka kite koe i ta te angaanga riri (P. 37).

whakaangaanga. 1. v.i. Debate with oneself. Te wahi i whakaangaanga ra tatou hei reira tatou.

2. v.t. Calm. Ka puta ake taua maia ki runga, whakaangaanga ai i te rangi, whakamarie ai (T. 72).

Angai, n. North-north-west wind, on the west coast.

Angamate, angangamate, n. 1. Back, reverse side. Piri ana i tua o te angangamate o te kapu o te ringa (T. 145). No wai tenei ara, te angamate o te kainga?

2. Back of a house. = tuarongo.

Anganui, v.i. Face directly towards, be right opposite. Kia anganui mai to korero (Speak directly to me). ‖ anga.

Angarite, n. Amphidesma australe, a bivalve mollusc. = kokota.

Angengi, n. A fish.

Āngi, n. 1. Light air.

2. Fragrant smell.

whakaāngi, v.t. 1. Fly, as a kite. Ko tana mahi he whakaangi manu (T. 57).

2. Approach stealthily, stalk. Whakaangia tonutia mai i muri na kua mau.

Angi. 1. a. Free, without hindrance. Ka karakia a Rata i tona waka kia angi ai tona haere.

2. v.i. Move freely, float. Ko Tahurangi anake te angi i waho.—Tenei rawa to rongo te angi mai nei (M. 293).

3. n. Something connected with the descent to the subterranean spirit world. Katahi ka huakina te tatau o te angi nuku ki te po ki Rarohenga.

whakaangi. 1. v.i. Float, move easily. Rere te ika, whakaangi te ika.

2. Fall through the air, so hurl oneself. Katahi ia ka whakaangi i taua toka nei ki te whakamoti i a ia (P. 133, 11).

3. a. Denoting step relationship, so papa whakaangi, stepfather; but tamaiti whakaangi is used also for nephew or niece.

angiangi. 1. a. Thin, and fine of texture. Hirautia ra o kahu angiangi (M. 197).

2. Unencumbered. E whakaaro ana kia iti te kai, kia angiangi ai te poho o te tangata mo te turanga i te aroarokapa o te haka (T. 166).

3. n. Coprosma repens, a shrub. Raupitia ra ki te rau angiangi (M. 406). = taupata.

4. Usnea barbata, a soft white lichen, used as a wrapper or absorbent.

5. Light, gentle breeze. Angiangi hauraro, māta hehengi mai (N.M. ii, 190).

Angina. —— E haere koutou ki uta, kei mau ki Taiki-tu, ka puhia, he angina (T. 82). Ka angina tatou i nga kai nei.

Angitu, n. Luck, success. Homai he tina; homai he marie; homai he angitu ki tenei ko (K.).

Ango, v.i. 1. Gape, be open, of things not fitting together. E ta, kei te ango ano, kaore ano kia piri.

2. Be consumed. E, Kua pau te taha nei, ne? Ae: kua ango tetahi taha. ‖ Tah, ano, solitary, desolate, devastated.

angotanga, n. Opening, gap. Ka kitea te marama tua-iti nei e tore ana, i kitea ki te angotanga o te keke o Rangi (W. i, 145).

whakaango, a. ? Unimpeded, in the open. Ko te manu ka rere whakaango, ka rere ki runga, na ka tirihou ki raro, kaore e pokipoki nga paihau.

Angoa, a. Lean, wasted away. Ka angoa nga kiko, ko te anga anake tenei e tu nei. ‖ ango.

Ao (i). 1. n. Daytime, as opposed to night. Ka wehea te po, ka wehea te ao (T. 93).

2. World. Tena koe, e te wahine rangatira e iri iho nei, tutuki ana tou mana ki nga pito o te ao.

3. Cloud. E rere, e te ao, ko koe hei karere (M. 384). Āo rewa, scud.

4. Bud. I hea koe i te ao o te kowhai? (P.). ‖ Tah. ao.

5. v.i. Dawn. Ao kau ano te ata (T. 66). I te aonga ake, or simply ao ake, on the following day. Moe rawa atu i Te Kaharoa-a-Tauhu, ao ake kei Maketu (T. 100).

6. a. Bright. He whetu ao tenei ka tata mai (M. 283).

Ao (ii), v.t. 1. Scoop up with both hands. Aohia nga paru ki te kete.

2. Take in quantities. Me te kai aowhia te roimata i a au (M. 352). Ao taro, collect and carry gravel fortarocultivation. Kei te ao taro a Hori ma.

Ao (iii), v.i. Be right, be fitting. E ao kao hoki ianei te mea i rite ki te ika, ta te mea no te wai ano tenei (T. 155). Tona rakau toa, he kurutai, me ao atu tera ki te reinga.

Ao (iv). 1. n. Bark of a dog.

2. v.i. Bark. No te moimoitanga ka ao mai a Irawaru (W. ii, 79).

whakaao, v.i. Bark, as a dog. Katahi ka whakaao mai, ao, ao, ao, a-aoo (T. 27).

Aoake = ao ake, l.n. Day following, day before. Kotahi ra i patua ai e ia e rua pa; aoake, e toru pa; aoake, e rua pa (G.-8, 30). Sometimes translated day before yesterday, or day after tomorrow, according to context. Aoake nui, two days off. Aoake nui atu, three days off. ‖ ao (i).

aoakewake, n. Several days off.

Note.—Aoake and its compounds may have i or no prefixed (with n euphonic), indicating past time. ‖ inaoake, nonaoake, etc.

Aoatea = awatea, n. Daybreak.

Aohamo, n. A V-shaped piece of wood joining the sides and forming the bow of a canoe.

Aohanga, n. 1. A striped variety of New Zealand flax.

2. Derivative from ao (ii).

Aoinaake, aoināke = auināke, n. Next day, tomorrow. Ka hukia nga toto, ka noho, aoinaake ka haere te taua tumata (W. ii, 49). Ka aoinaake ka haere ki te moana (W. i, 105).

Aokatoa, n. A superior kind of floor mat.

Aokoro = okoro, akoro, n. The moon on the fifth day.

Ao-marama, n. 1. World of life and light, as opposed to reinga, or merely to seclusion. Ka whiua atu ki te wai, e hoki mai hoki hei tangata ora ki te ao-marama (T. 12). Frequently used in poetry, Ka kawea te mariunga ki a Apakura hei whakaaomarama (Allow her to come out of thewhare-taua, or house of mourning). ‖ ao (i).

2. A method of adzing timber.

Aonga, n. ‖ ao (i).

Aopori. n. Variety of eel. = Matamoe.

Aorangi, n. 1. A variety of kumara.

2. Striped variety of Phormium.

Aorere, n. 1. A kind of garment.

2. Scud. ‖ ao (i).

Aotea, n. 1. A species of thistle, Kia awhitia koe ki te patiti ki te taru aotea e tu ki te ngahere (Wa. 1, 51). Note.—The expression taru aotea occurs in M. 291, apparently with another meaning.

2. Bird. = manu.

3. Food.

Aoturoa = ao-marama, n. Light of day, this world. Ki te hokinga ake o to wairua ki te aoturoa (M. 244). ‖ ao (i).

Aouru, n. Dawn. ‖ ao (i).

Āpā = apāha, conj. If. Apa he mea hopu nau, engari he mea tomo a whare.—Ehara te toa patu tangata, he toa pahekeheke; apa he toa ahu whenua, he toa pumau (P.). ‖ apaia, apano, apanoa.

Apa (i) 1. n. Slave. Ka whakaorangia etahi hei apa, hei mahi.

2. Company of workmen or slaves. He apa matou no Hongi. = apārangi.

3. v.t. Seek. I apaia e au ki roto o Ngaruroro.—Ko etahi e apa kai, apa wahie.

apaapa, n. Heap. apaapa wahie.

whakaapaapa, v.t. Stack.

Apa (ii), n. Spirit of one dead visiting or inspiring a medium. No te apa a Paraharaha a Hare. (It does not appear to apply to the medium.) = apahau. ‖ J. vii, 125; ix, 199.

apaapa, n. (? Connected with above.) Whakamau te titiro ki te apaapa tapu (M. 347). Kahore taku apaapa i konei hei whakauru i a au, hei whakatika i a au.

Apa (iii), n. Fold, layer. Aparua, twofold, double, of a garment. Apatahi, single.

Apaapatu, n. Heap. Ka rewa ki runga i te apaapatu kei o tuakana (M. 124). = apaapa.

Āpāha = āpā.

Apahau, n. Spirit of the dead. I te wa ka mate to papa, ka noho tona wairua ki runga ki a koe, ka noho apahau. = apa (ii).

Apai, n. Front wall of a house. Katahi te whitu tekau tangata ka turaki i te apai o te waha o te puta auahi, hinga katoa: mate ana etahi tangata o te taua ra i te apai o te whare.—Nana koe i maka ki te apai o te whare (M. 66). = kopai.

Āpāia = apa ia, ad. Certainly; an emphatic form of assent. “Ati e mea ana koe ko Ponga hei ariki mou?” Ka mea atu a Puhihuia, “Apaia” (W. iv, 133).

Apakura, n. Dirge, lament. Ko ta matou apakura tenei ki a koe (M.M. 66).

Āpāno = āpā ano, conj. If. Mau rawa e takahi taku whare ? … apano ma Kahutiaterangi.

Āpānoa = āpā noa, ad. Until. Apanoa, a kia motu ano toku kaki i runga i toku pihi.—Ka karanga atu a Uenuku, “Haere, apanoa a kia mau te tautiti i runga i te tatua o Rongouaroa, ka tae atu au.”—E kore e tukua e ia te tira manuhiri kia haere ana apanoa kia takoto he hakari mana ki ia tangata ki ia tangata o ratou (W.M. x, 95).

Apārangi, n. Company of persons. Tuku tonu ake ma te aparangi, kia ora te noho mai, te matakitaki mai (T. 148). Especially of distinguished persons. ‖ apa (i), tira kahurangi.

Aparangi (ii) = whiro. ‖ apa (ii).

Aparua, n. One of the rows of palisades of a fort. = pekerangi.

Aparua, apatahi. ‖ apa (iii).

Apataki, n. Retinue, following. Engari a Nene, he apataki tona. ‖ apa (i).

Apatari, v.t. Carry, bring. Nau hoki i apatari mai te taonga ki tenei wahi.

Apiapi, a. 1. Crowded, dense. Apiapi tonu te noho o te tangata.—He apiapi no te huru, ara he ururua, kihai i taea te waka ra te tō (W. i., 69).

2. Confined, constricted. He apiapi te ara.

whakaapi. 1. a. Thick, dense.

2. v.t. Obstruct.

Āpiti. 1. v.t. Put together, place side by side, add. E kore rawa e tika kia apititia te aruhe ki te taha o te kumara.—Apitia nga kete kia kotahi te kauika.

2. Supplement anything deficient. He apiti nga riwai mo te poaka.

3. Attack, fight at close quarters. Apitiria tonutanga atu ko te pa ka horo (T. 91). Ka te apiti ano, ka whati mai ano (T. 101). Ka kokiritia e te tangata whenua, ka apititia e te taua ra (W. iii, 10). ‖ apititu.

4. Lay a spell on. He tupato no nga tohunga kei apitia ki te kai (T. 89).

5. a. Confined. He whare apiti, a steep-roofed house.

6. n. Small bone of the arm, radius.

7. Cleft, narrow pass, gorge.

8. Friend.

9. Curse.

Apititu, v.t. Fight at close quarters, charge. Kia apititutia, kia whano te hingahinga nga tupapaku (M. 366). Ka whakahokia mai ko te apititu, ka mate i reira he tini ki te tahua.

Apo (i), v.t. 1. Gather together. Apohia nga otaota nei.

2. Grasp, extort, acquire wrongfully. Mo te tangata whiwhi taonga, otira ehara i te mea utu ona taonga, he mea apo (P. 105).

3. Heap up, stack, pile. Ko Tiki i ahua, ko Tiki i apoa.

apoapo, v.t. 1. Roll together, entangle. He mea apoapo ahau e te rimu, takai atu, takai mai (T. 11).

2. Put into a heap. Kua tae atu a Tiki ki te ahua oneone i apoapohia ra e ia hei tangata.

3. Collect. Kei te apoapo nga tohunga i nga toto o te tupapaku (M. lxxxiii).

Apo (ii), n. Dregs of shark oil.

Āpōpō, n. 1. Tomorrow. Mo apopo taua riri ai (T. 92).

2. At some future time. E kore e ora atu, apopo atu ka tahuri mai ki te ngaki mate mo tona whakairinga ki runga ki te whare (M. lvi).

Aporei. a. Principal.

Apū (i). 1. v.i. Move or be in a flock or crowd. E apu mai nga tangata i waho nei.

2. n. Company of labourers. E mahi ra te apu. ‖ apa (i), 2.

Apu (ii), v.i. Bark, as a dog. No te tatanga atu ki te kainga, ka apu te kuri.

apuapu, v.t. Head up. Kei te apuapu i nga oneone (J. 61 : 189).

Apu (ii), n. 1. Squall, gust. Te hau nana i patu, ko te Apu-tahi-a-Pawa (T. 93). Katahi ka tonoa ko te Apu hau, ko te Apu matangi (T.4).

2. Billow. Na te apu tai koe i tukituki ki roto o Hauraki (W.M. x, 267).

3. Name of a karakia for causing wind.

Apu. 1. v.i. Force one's way into the ground, burrow. He patiki apu one (M. 277). Ko te waka, e apu ana, e keri ana.

2. v.t. Cram into the mouth, gorge, glut. Kia kai apu te ika i te moana (M. 22). I apua te kai i hohoro ai te pau.—He parera apu para (P.). Kia kai apu te ika i Rangiriri (M. 33).

3. Gather into the hands, clutch. E apu tonu ana oku ringa ki te whenua.

4. Heap upon. Apuria mai nga wahie, kua ka (Pi. 135, 4). = apo.

5. Cover, spread over. Noho noa nei ki te one, e apua ana ia e te kirikiri.

apuapu, a. 1. Crammed, stuffed. Ka apuapu te waha i te kai.

2. Palatable. Apuapu marire te reka o te wai nei. Kiore kai apuapu, a rat which gnaws the trap to free itself.

Āpure. 1. n. Patch, circumscribed area.

2. a. In patches, in small areas. ‖ opure.

Āpuru, v.t. 1. Crowd one upon another. Kia takitahi, kaua e apurua mai.

2. Shut up, suppress. Kei kiia, i apurutia ki roto ki tona waha ana korero.

3. Overwhelm. Kei apurua koe ki te toto (M. 61).

Āputa. 1. n. Interval, gap, open space. He hokioi i runga, hu, kei te aputa koe na o te rangi e noho ana (M. 32).

2. Layer of thatch on a roof.

3. a. At intervals, found only here and there. Ehara i te he aputa te he nei, engari he katoa.—Kei te parae e aputaputa ana te takoto.

4. Causing a gap. Ka whaowhia te kumara ki roto; ki tonu, kore rawa he wahi i aputa noa, ara i takoto kau noa iho.

Āra (i), ad. Namely, in other words, that is to say. He nuinga no te kai rangatira i a ia, ara no te huahua, ara no te kiwi (T. 144).

Āra (ii) = a ra, conj. And then. Ara hoki ko ana matamua kei te korerorero ki a ratou ano (T. 11). Heke ana he awaawa, ara he pari hoki (T. 23).

Āra (iii) = era, plural of tera. (Ngi.)

Āra (iv), n. Flooding before birth. Ko te mea tuatahi he whakamamae, tuarua ko te ara ka puta mai, tuatoru ka whakawhanau.

Arā, ad. Yonder. Ara, taku kupenga e iri mai ra (T. 79). ‖ anā, anei.

Ara (i), n. 1. Way, path. I ma hea mai koia to koutou na ara i haere mai ai ? (T. 149). Ara tama tane, male line of descent.

2. Means of conveyance. Katahi ia ka haere ki te tiki ara mona i tona hungawai, homai ana ko Aotea hei waka mona (T. 108).

3. Layer of toetoe thatch on a roof.

Ara (ii). 1. v.i. Rise. Awhea ara ai te marama ? (T. 54).

2. Rise up. Mate atu he tete kura, ara ake he tete kura (P.).

3. Awake. Kihai i roa kua ara a Tipa, kua korero (T. 200).

4. Have the eyes open, be awake. Kei te hua taua taua kei te ara raua, kahore kei te moe (W. i, 109).

5. v.t. Raise. Ka ao ake i te ata, ka haere ki taua rakau, rokohina rawatia atu kua arahia ki runga (Tr. vii, 46).

whakaara. 1. v.t. Raise. Whakaarahia ona kanohi (M. 319). Tama whakaara, fore stay of a canoe.

2. Erect. Ka tikina mai a Tane, ka whakaarahia ki runga, ka tu (T. 55).

3. Rouse, wake. Tikina a Tutanekai, whakaarahia mai (T. 134).

4. n. Hostile party, marauding band, enemy. Ko te oranga i te pa horo, i te parekura, i te whakaara, i te waka tahuri (M. lxxxi).

araara. 1. a. Renowned, much talked of. Ingoa araara tonu; a, na te mea ka pono ano. ‖ aranga (i).

2. n. Rising of a body of men for the war-dance, generally in expression araara matua or araara whana. Tenei hoki au kei runga i te pae araara whana.

whakaaraara. 1. n. Chant, to keep the watch awake, or give the alarm in time of war. ‖ M. 40, 61, 62. Called also whakaaraara pa (M. M. 204).

2. v.t. Recite, explain genealogies or other formal matter. Ara atu ano pea etahi i mahue i a au, ma tetahi atu e whakaaraara atu.—He nui nga mea kei waho i enei katoa i whakaaraaratia atu nei e au.

Ara (iii), int. expressing surprise, etc. Ka heua ake, ara ! he tangata ! (T. 11). Ara koa, he pouri te po (W. iv, 119).

Ara (iv), n. A small fresh-water fish, said to be young upokororo. = nehe.

Ara (v), n. A talisman of stone or wood carried on the canoe. ‖ J. iii, 67 (note). “Me huri to tatou waka, me whakapiri atu ki te motu ra, kia hoatu to tatou ara kia pa atu ki te oneone o tenei tuawhenua.” Ko taua mea he kowhatu (J. ii, 222).

Araara, n. Usacaranx lutescens, trevally, a fish. = raumarie.

Araarai. ‖ arai.

Arahanga (i), v.n. from arahi. Act of leading, etc. I moe iho i te ara i te arahanga i a Paoa (T. 198).

Arahanga (ii), n. Bridge, ladder. = arawhata.

Arahi, v.t.; pass. arahina. 1. Lead, conduct. Ka arahina ia e Tinirau ki tona kainga (T. 31).

2. Escort. Haere ake ano hoki te iwi hei arahi i ta ratou ariki i te ara (W. v, 53).

3. Carry off as captives. Ko etahi i whakaorangia hei hunga; kaore hoki i arahina; i waiho ano i to ratou nei kainga. ‖ ara (i).

Ārai. 1. v.t. Screen. Aha hoki koa te wa moana nui, nana i arai (M. 431).

2. Keep off, ward off.

3. Block up. Araia te kuwaha kei puta te kuri ki waho.

4. Obstruct, hinder. Ka araia e te ua, e te hau (W. ii, 4).

5. n. Screen, veil, curtain, blind.

araarai, freq. Screen on every side.

Arakauniho, n. Bottom edge of the top rail, or rauawa, of a canoe, in which the holes are bored for the aukaha.

Arakiore, n. A method of wearing the hair.

Aranga (i), v.i. 1. Rise to the surface, appear. Ka aranga te taniwha.

2. Become famous. Ka aranga i kona te rakau a Manaia (T. 123).

3. Become known. Ka taona te mango, aranga tonu iho te ingoa o tena wahi, ko Kai-mango.

whakaaranga, v.i. Appear in a vision, or in second sight. Ka hara te tangata, ka whakaaranga mai te atua.

‖ ranga, ara (ii).

Aranga (ii), v.n. ‖ ara (ii).

Arangi, a. Unsettled, perturbed. Kei arangi tonu te tinana, arangi hoki nga whakaaro.

arangirangi, a. Listless, idle.

‖ harangi, haurangi, hurangi, karangi, porangi, turangi, wairangi, wharerangi.

Arapaki. 1. n. Ornamental lattice-work on interior of walls of a whare of better class. = tukutuku.

2. A garment. = rapaki.

3. v.t. Crack lice with the nails. = hapaki.

Araparu, n. Bundles of raupo on sides of a whare. = tuparuparu. ‖ ara (i), 3.

Arapata, n. A pattern of carving. The small notches between the haehae lines, as in tuki taha. ‖ patapata.

Arara, int. calling attention. There ! Arara ! kei au a Raumati (T. 102).

Araro, n. A variety of potato. = waiararo.

Arataki, v.t. 1. Lead, conduct. Ka aratakina ano e taua miromiro (T. 96).

2. Point out. Mana e arataki te kauri i te wao (M.M. 173).

3. Seek. Haere ki te arataki i to tuahine (J. ii, 44).

Ārau = harau. 1. v.t. Gather, lay hold of, entangle. Na te peka o te tutu i arau, i makere ai toku potae.

2. a. Entangled. Ka hutia ake e Irawaru tana aho, akuanei ka arau ki ta Maui (T. 25).

Arawhata, n. Ladder, bridge. Koia ano ko Kawharu te arawhata hei pikinga mo tana taua ki te pa (G.-8, 30, where it is applied figuratively to the chief).

Arawa, n. A species of shark.

Arawaru, n. 1. Species of eel (Whang.). Sound of running water.

Arawheu, n. A term for summer season, when trails are overgrown. ‖ heuheu.

Arawhiti, v.i. 1. Spring, start, as in prompt response to a command. Ka riro te arawhiti i a Hou ki tawhiti (S. ii, 20).

2. Twitch. Tenei ra to wairua te whakahiapo nei, na te kamo i arawhiti.

Are (i), int. What ! Are ! ka tohe koe ki a au ?

Are (ii), a. Open. ‖ puare.

arenga, n. Point of a weapon.

whakaare, n. Arch of clouds.

areare, a. 1. Open, clear of obstruction. Karokaro i te taturi o to taringa, kia areare ai (S. 10).

2. Overhanging, arched, rounded. Areare ana tera te ihu o te tangata nei !

3. Excavated, cavernous. Ka areare te parenga o te tai.—Areare kau ana te rua o te taniwha (W. v, 133).

4. Concave. Kia areare te kaniwha o te matau.

5. Projecting, sharp. E areare ana te mata o te tao. ‖ aneane.

6. Light, of rain.

arearenga, n. Concavity, hollow. Katahi ano ka kitea te tini tangata e huna nei ki roto i te arearenga o nga poho o Rangi raua ko Papa (T. 4).

Ārei = arai, v.t. Prevent, obstruct, ward off. Kapa ko aku pikitanga, ko aku heketanga, ko te arei o Matuku-tangotango.

Areinga, n. A cricket, Gryllulus species (Whang.).

Arero, n. 1. Tongue. Ka naomia atu te tangata ra, ka tapahia te arero, ka motu (T. 42).

2. Upper point of a taiaha, carved in imitation of a human tongue.

whakaarero, n. A projection from the top of the wall of a fort to enable defenders to drop missiles upon their assailants.

Arero-kuri, n. 1. A small fresh-water fish. ‖ karati.

2. A variety of tobacco plant.

Arero-parera, n. An inferior variety of fern root.

Arero-uru, n. A species of gourd.

Arero-whero, n. A term applied to the fighting men of a tribe. Ko te umu potaka mo te arero-whero tena, me te ati-a-toa.

Arewa, a. 1. Unsettled, wandering, restless. E mangi ana te ngakau, e arewa noa iho ana te mahara.—E arewa noa iho ana, kaore e tuturu te noho.

2. Raised up. He hikitanga, he hapainga, he amonga, he arewa.

‖ rewa, taurewa, etc.

Ari (i), n. The moon on the eleventh day.

Ari (ii). 1. a. Clear, visible.

2. White.

3. n. Appearance, guise, excuse. Hei ari kau tana kupu.

4. Fence. Ka tukua a Hoka-i-te-rangi ki te wahine, ki a Hinehoromatai, hei tukituki i nga ari (W. ii, 20).

whakaari. 1. v.t. Show, expose to view. Ka whakaaria atu e ia he matau momore (W. ii, 105).

2. n. North-west wind.

ariari, a. 1. Gleaming. E ariari ana te taha o te rangi.

2. Clear. I mau ariari ano i roto i oku taringa tetahi wahi o ta ratou tewha.

3. Undisturbed. He moe ariari.

4. Bare, as a trunk without branches. Takoto noa ana te rakau ariari.—He takere ariari ka ngaro te iwi (S. ii, 77).

ariaringa, n. Trunk of a tree.

‖ ariā, piari, toari.

Ari (iii), n. A small species of shark.

Āria, n. 1. Deep water between two shoals. Haere ana koe, nga pipi o te aria (P. 9).

2. Open space among rocks.

3. Pool on shore filled only at high water.

4. Bay or deep pool in a river.

5. Stretch of water suitable for working a net. No te mea i a Tuahumahina tetahi wahi o te aria haonga ika, ara ko Te Kahikatea i a Tuahumahina, a ko te nuinga o te aria i a Kawharu, ko Takapuahia, a he mea kia riro katoa ai taua aria nei i a Tuahumahina (W. iv, 94).

Ariā, 1. v.i. Appear, be seen indistinctly. I aria ake i oku kanohi ko Hema e haere ana.—I kite tinana ahau i a ia, ehara i te mea i kite aria.

2. n. Likeness, resemblance.

3. Notion, idea, feeling. Heoi te mihi nei mo te aria aroha nei ki a koe.

4. Effect. Ka rere te aria o te mate ki nga waewae.

5. Imaginary presence connected with anything which one may have touched, etc., and which therefore might serve as a medium to convey the effect of a charm to the person for whom it was intended. Ko tenei karakia mo te tangohanga o te aria o te tangata e hiahiatia ana kia whakamatea (J. ii, 103).

6. The visible material emblem or representative of an atua, or of a person of importance. He atua a Moekahu, he kuri tona aria.

7. A wand of karamu used as a medium to relieve the members of a taua, or war party, from the disabilities under the laws of tapu, etc. ‖ J. x, 17–19.

arīariā. 1. v.i. Resemble. Ka ariaria tenei tangata ki a Witiwiti.

2. n. ? = aria, 2 or 3. Ka tae te ariaria ki a Hine-nui-te-po.

Arihi, v.t. Chop, cut. Arihitia tena wahi, ahiwahiwatia ra.

Ārika, n. Visible form appropriated to an atua. Ko Makawe, he atua patu tangata, ki te matakokiri tona arikatanga. = ariā.

Ārikarika, a. Restrained, stinted; used as in example to express admiration. Kihai i roa ka puta te kai. Ana, kihai i arikarika (Pi. 126, 3). ‖ rikarika.

Arikaka, n. A variety of kumara.

Ariki, n. 1. First-born male or female in a family of note; hence, chief, priest. Ka haere te amo a Hotukura ki te ariki, ki a Uenuku (T. 107). Ariki Tamaroa, male; Ariki Tapairu, female.

2. Leader. Ki te mau te ariki ka mau katoa te rere kakara (P.).

whakaariki. 1. n. Invading army. Especially as a cry of alarm when an enemy is discovered. Ka kite i te waka e tau ana, ka pa te karanga, “Ko te whakaariki; ko te whakaariki” (T. 60).

2. a. Aggressive. Ko te tino ika hianga o roto i te kupenga (N.M. 21).

3. v.i. Submit to orders. E pai ana kia mahia nga rakau, engari kaua e whakaariki (It is well that the carvings should be done, but do not make them to order).

Ariki-mata-nui, n. The moon on the tenth day.

Arikirangi, n. The name of a star which marks the sixth month.

Arikiwi, n. Possibly a garment covered with feathers of the kiwi (Apteryx). Me o ratou papa arikiwi ano (M. xxxv). ‖ ari (ii).

Ariaringa, a. Vexed. Ariaringa noa iho ahau ki a Taka e patua mai nei.

Ārita, aritarita, a. 1. Burning with desire, eager. I titiro atu au, e arita tonu ana ki te haere.

2. Irascible, easily offended. Katahi ano to tangata aritarita ko koe.

Aritahi, a. 1. Single fold. He mounga tangata tana kiri aritahi (M. 347). = apatahi.

2. Straight-grained, of timber. Ko taua here he mea wawahi i tetahi rakau tawa aritahi.

Aro. 1. n. Front. Kei taku tua, kei taku aro (M. 294).

2. Desire, inclination. Kihai i tae te aro o nga iwi e karapoti ra i te pa nei, kia tauria e ratou te pa nei (W. v, 40).

3. Mind, seat of feelings. E kore te aroha koe puakina atu e au ki waho ra, me ruru tonu iho ki roto i taku aro mokai (M. 333).

4. Bowels. Nana taku aro i tuaki a pawa (M. 228).

5. Fat covering the kidneys.

6. v.i. Face, turn towards, have a certain direction. I aro mai i waho ra te waha o te tangata e karanga nei.

7. Be inclined, be disposed. Ko wai i tohu ai, e aro ki te patu i a au ?

8. v.t. Desire. E hara te mako i te ika e arongia ana.

9. Attend to, favour. Korero noa atu, e kore ia e aro mai ki a au.

aronga, n. Direction. Ko te waka hoki whai tonu atu i muri o te aronga kaunga atu o te kuri ra (T. 121).

whakaaro. 1. n. Thought, intention, opinion. Ka tupu te whakaaro i a Tawhiri-matea kia tahuri mai ia ki te whawhai ki ona tuakana (T. 4). Kihai a Waikato i whai whakaaro ki te whai i tana hoariri (W. v, 40).

2. Understanding. Kahore a te rakau whakaaro, kei te tohunga te whakaaro (P.).

3. Plan. Nawai a, ka kitea te whakaaro e Waikato (T. 166).

4. v.t. Think, consider, plan. I whakaaro te tangata nei, kaore ano ia i kitea e nga wahine nei (T. 138). Heoti ano ka whakaaro Waikato, me aha ra e mate ai te iwi ra (T. 166).

aroaro, n. Face, front. Tahuri mai tou aroaro. I te aroaro o, before, in the presence of. Ka maonga, ka mauria mai ki te aroaro o Rupe (T. 33). Haere i mua i te aroaro o Atutahi (P. 10). Aroaro-rua, vacillating. Kaua e aroaro-rua, kei ngaua koe e Tumatarehurehu (P.).

whakaaroaro, v.i. Ponder over, consider. Ka whakaaroaro te ngakau o nga uri o Hou kia whawhaitia ranei, kia waiho noa iho ranei te weranga o to ratou waka (T. 82). Katahi ka whakaaroaro, he taniwha hoki pea kei te ara ki Tikitapu (T. 156).

aaro, āro. 1. v.t. Know, understand. E kore au e aro ki te kainga i whanau ai a Pukeko. —Kua aro te iwi ra kua tata kai uta.

2. a. Known. E aro ana tena i a au.

Aroā (i), arowā, v.i. Be comprehended, be understood. Kua whakakomau te manawa hotu ki te wa-kainga i te kore e arowa te ara moana e hoki ai.—Te aroa ake i a au (I do not understand it).

Aroā (ii). ——

aroaroā, a. 1. Lonely. Te aroaroa i a au i te kore tangata.

2. Sorrowful, longing for absent friends.

Apārangi, n. Row, rank, front rank. E kore ia e pai kia rere kau ki mua o te aroakapa o te haka (T. 167).

Aroākapa (ii), n. Ill omen in weaving. Ka tae mai te ope, ka rokohanga mai ta taua wahine e whatu ana i te kakahu, kaore e whakahingaia te turuturu, he aroakapa tena, he aitua mo taua wahine.—Mehemea, ka tahuri ahau ki te whatu kakahu i te po, he tatai mate, he aroakapa. ‖ J. vii, 129.

Aroarotea, n. Phalacrocorax varius varius, pied shag. = karuhiruhi.

Arohaki, arowhaki, v.i. Quiver, flap.

aroarowhaki. 1. v.i. Flap the wings. E aroarowhaki ana te parera.

2. Move the hands with a quivering motion, often with the arms extended, as in a haka: a sign of grief, etc.

3. a. Quivering. Ka mahi te ringaringa aroarowhaki (P. 39).

Aroaromahana. ‖ aromahana.

Aroha. 1. n. Love, yearning for an absent relative or friend. A, ka ngaro atu ia ka noho a Tawhaki, ka ngau kino te aroha i a ia ki tana wahine raua ko tana kotiro (T. 48).

2. Pity, compassion. Ka oho ake te aroha o Ngatoro ki te waha o te tangata o te wahine, o te tamariki, e aue ana, e tangi ana (T. 72).

3. Affectionate regard. He aroha hoki ki nga karakia o mua a nga matua (T. 89).

4. v.i. Feel love or pity. Ka aroha au, ka mate te kotiro i te waikore (T. 183). Pass. arohaina, be the object of love, etc.

5. v.t. Show approval. Katahi ano a Manaia ka mohio nana ano taua tamaiti, na ka arohatia ia e Manaia (T. 119).

Arohata, n. Ladder, bridge. = arawhata.

Arohea, v.i. Close the eyes tightly, as from pain. Ko te hauhauaitu, hinapo, korapa, arohea, pawera whaki o te kai (M. lxxx).

Ārohi, v.t. 1. Reconnoitre, examine. Kei te arohi i te pa kia kitea te wahi ngawari hei whakaekenga atu.

2. Look for. I hea koe e arohi kai ana mau ?

arohirohi. 1. v.i. Turn round and round, feel giddiness.

2. Hover, quiver. Arohirohi noa to wairua i runga i aku kamo, e (M. 394). E, ko te arohirohitanga mai o te wairua o te makau (M. 81) (misprinted arohirohirotanga).

3. n. Shimmering heat.

Āroi, a. Calm. Kua aroi te hau (The wind has dropped). ‖ taroi.

Arokehe, n. Black, thick-skinned eel (Tahu.). = kiriua, orea.

Aromahana. a. Lukewarm.

whakaaromahana, v.t. Come to assistance of. E haere mai ana ki te whakaaromahana i a tatou.

aroaromahana, n. 1. Spring season. Ka haere te ra, ka tae ki uta, kua aroaromahana. Ko taua marama ko Orotu.

2. Warmth.

aroaroraumati = aroaromahana.

Aromaunga, n. Mountainface. Kua mohio ke mai ia ko te pa i runga i te aromaunga to Te Aotaki (J. xx, 19).

Aromea, a. Taken captive, carried away.

Aronui. 1. a. Right opposite, straight forward. Kaua, e tama, e haere numinumi, aronui te haere ki roto (M. 323). ‖ aro.

2. n. Inclination, desire. Kahore aku aronui ki te mahi (M. 188).

3. A finely woven cloak with a deep ornamental border on one side only.

4. A large stone axe. = arotahi.

5. Sailing before the wind.

6. a. Full, of the tide. Haere koe i tai aronui, haere au i tai timu.

7. Suitable, applicable, agreeable with. Ko nga wahi e aronui ana mai ki nga hiahia.

8. n. Unit of measurement. = Mārō.

Aronga. ‖ aro.

Aropā. 1. v.t. Accost in a friendly way. He whetiko pea ahau ki a ia, kahore i aropa, i aha.

2. n. Clump of one species of tree. He aropa kowhai.

Aropari, n. Cliff. E whakaingoingo mai ra i te tu aropari ki Arataha (M. 40).

Aropawa. n. A kind of stone found in the rivers of the South Island used for making tools.

Aropewa, a.——Ka rarapa ki te rangi, makau aropewa te hono Whakatau ki roto te wharetono (S.).

Aropiri, v.i. Cling, be attached. Kai whea te tau i aropiri ra? (S. 43).

Aropuke, a. Swelling up. Mo tai pupuri, mo tai wawana, mo tai aropuke.

Arorangi. 1. a. Straight, direct, Te rere o te whenua, rere arorangi ana (S. ii, 8).

2. n. Part of the snare of a waka kereru, the cross-supports on which the paepae rest. Tukua te taupiri, takaia te arorangi.

3. Line of sticks to guide kumara planters.

whakaarorangi, v.i. 1. Flee. Ka whakaarorangi tenei ki Tikirau, ki a Te Putahou (M. 87).

2. Turn towards, be intent upon. Kua whakaarorangi noa ake te ngakau ki a Te Ponga (T. 167).

Arorua. n. Species of small fish (Rau.).

Arotahi, 1. v.i. Look in one direction, look steadily. Kia arotahi mai te titiro i te turuatanga o te po, i te huakanga ata (S. ii, 42).

2. n. Large stone axe. = aronui.

Arotau, a. 1. Inclined towards, favourable. Ko to pai waewae te tuku mai ki a au, kia huaina atu, e arotau ana mai (M. 178).

2. Suitable. Pau katoa nga wahi katoa te hahau haere, kore rawa i arotau tetahi mea.

Arowa. ‖ aroā (i).

Aru, v.t. Follow, pursue. Pass. arumia. Arumia te tahae.—Kei reira tonu atu aku kanohi te aru iho nei ki a Ruta (M. 268). Sometimes used intransitively: E aru ana i muri i o raua waewae ko Paratene.

aruaru. 1. v.t. Chase. Ka puta iho te tupua ra ki te aruaru i nga tangata ke hei oranga mona (T. 156).

2. Woo. Kei te aruaru wahine mana.

3. Interrupt. Kia ata aruaru i te korero.

4. n. Small hand net for fishing.

Aruhe, n. Edible fern root, being the root of Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum. Kei te pao i te aruhe (T. 157). Ko te pito kumara, me te pirau taro kua kitea e au, ka whai ahau ko te pito aruhe (J. ii, 45). Wai-aruhe, a term applied to one whose death has not been avenged. Ai ! e kore e mahue he wai-aruhe.

Ata (i), n. 1. Form, shape, semblance, as opposed to substance. Ko te ata, ko te ahua hoki o nga taonga i riro i a ratou, ko te hei, ko nga whakakai i mahue tonu iho (T. 181). Ko te ata kau, e kawe huna iho (He only went through the form of eating and hid them) (T. 95).

2. Shadow, apparently of human beings only. Ka whiti te ra e kore a Kiki e haere i te wahi noa, kei haere tona ata ki muri, kei tapu (T. 172).

3. Reflected image. Ka kite ia i te ata tangata i roto i te wai.

4. Early morning, as opposed to evening. Ka hi te ata, ka karanga atu ia, “Ka hemo au i te kai” (T. 23). Ata po, before dawn; ata puao, ata iti, early dawn; ata hapara, or ata pongipongi, the time of dawn; ata tu, just after sunrise. E hika e, kei whea ra koe e ngaro nei i te ata hapara (M. 253). E titiro mai ana te marama, ano he ata tu. Ata marama, or ata mahina, moonlight. He ata marama e kore ai e mau te kiore (P.). Haere i te ata mahina (M. 288). Ata tuhi, red glow of dawn.

whakaata. 1. v.i. Look at one's reflected image, in water or in a mirror.

2. v.t. Reflect, as water. Te wai hei whakaata ake i ona moko.

3. Simulate by gesture, pretend. Ka kainga e Ruawharo te manawa o Hahateururoa, ka whakaata mai nga ringaringa o nga tangata katoa o te waka, me te mea e kai ana hoki ratou.

4. Look or peer into. He kotuku kai whakaata (P.).

5. n. Reflection. Wai whakaata, pool used as a mirror. Ko te wai whakaata tenei na; e kore e mate ki te wai whakaata (T. 51). E, kei tawhiti ra hei wai whakaatanga, kia ata tirohia te rihinga i te tinana (M. 178).

ataata. 1. n. Shadow. He ataata tangata i kore ai e mau te tangata (P.).

2. Lunella smaragda; a large univalve mollusc.

3. a. Wary.

whakaataata, v.t. Scare, frighten away.

Ata (ii), ad. indicating care, deliberation, thoroughness, etc. 1. Gently. Kia ata tangi tatou kei rongo mai aku hoa i patu i au nei (T. 97).

2. Slowly. Tena tatou ka here i te ra nei kia ata haere ai (T. 18).

3. Clearly. Kahore ia i ata kite atu i Mokoia, i te pouri o te po (T. 132). Kihai i ata mohio ki te ara haerenga ki te wai (T. 169).

4. Openly, without concealment. Ha, ko tatou ko te mea i ata tirohia iho e ia, te ata whanautanga, me te ata takotoranga ki runga ki te takapau hora nui (T. 11).

5. Deliberately. Katahi ka whakatika nga rangatira ki runga ki te korero i te maia, i te ata whakahaere, i te ata ngarahu, i te ata torotoro (T. 150). Nohea e pa? Ata whaia ki tona peke maui (T. 16).

6. Cautiously. Kia ata tu i ou taokete (Tr. vii, 50).

7. Quite. Ka haere nga tira na te ara ki Okareka, ka ata tutuki atu ki Rotorua (T. 157).

8. With certain words it must be translated not so. Kia ata tohe (Do not be so persistent). Kia ata nenene; tena a Ngapuhi ka tata te whai ringaringa (P.). Kia ata akiaki i a au, he kai ka mate kei te hara o te kaki.

Ata (iii), int. expressive of disgust. Bah! Ata! te piro (T. 48).

Ata (iv), a. True, only used as a form of assent. He ata, he ata.

Atāhua, a. 1. Good, pleasant, beautiful. Ka titiro atu te ruruhi ra ki te ataahua mai o te wahine raka (T. 164).

2. Suitable, convenient. Kai rawa mai i te mania, e ataahua ana taua wahi nei (T. 157) (misprinted atahua).

Ātae, a. How great. Atae te hoi o tenei taurekareka! (T. 168). = katae.

Atahi = katahi, conj. Then, chiefly in poetry. Atahi ka amohia atu maua ki te pupuhi i te pa.

Ātahirā = a tahira, l.n. Day after tomorrow. ‖ tahira.

Ātahu. 1. n. Love charm, spell. He atahu tenei i te wahine kia hiahia ai ki te tane, etc.—Ka taia te moko o te tangata, ka tu te tohunga, ka karakia i te atahu, kia pai mai nga wahine ki taua tangata. = iri.

2. v.t. Charm, bewitch. Katahi ka atahungia aua iwi katoa nei (W. v, 75).

Atamai. 1. a. Knowing, quick-witted, ready. He ngutu atamai to te tamaiti nei. So Mauiatamai contrasted with Maui-wareware (W. ii, 112).

2. v.i. Behave contemptuously. Ehara te mahi a te tangata ra ki te atamai ki a au.

3. n. Despised object. Ko te atamai ngutu au a te tamaiti nei (M. 376).

Atamarama. ‖ ata (i), pupu atamarama.

Atamira, n. 1. Stage, platform. Ka piki raua ki runga ki to raua atamira (T. 130).

2. A low stage on which a dead person is laid out, one end being elevated for the head. Iri mai e pa i runga i te atamira (M. 69).

whakaatamira, v.t. Lay out on an atamira. Ka hemo te tupapaku ka whakaatamiratia.

Atamiro, atamiru, n. A sort of mummy case in which dried human remains were placed. Possibly synonymous with atamira.

Ātanga. 1. a. Beautiful.

2. v.t. Adorn.

Atārangi, n. Shadow. Kua roa ke te atarangi o te tangata.

Atarau, n. 1. Moon. Ka titi te atarau mārama tonu.—E titi koia e te atarau, tiaho i runga ra (M. 119).

2. Moonlight. I tetahi po atarau ka haere a Rona ki te utu wai (M.M. 167).

3. a. (fig.) Beam of Light. He mea purupuru te atarau o te whare kia kore ai e kitea te awatea.

Atarua, a. Dim-sighted. Ka atarua nga whatu.

Atata. n. Small circular net made round a frame of wickerwork, usually baited with cuttlefish, and sunk in the sea.

Atatu. ‖ ata (i).

Atatuhi. ‖ ata (i).

Atawhai. 1. v.t. Show kindness to, be liberal, foster. Ko te rangatiratanga o te wahine nei, he atawhai ki nga tangata o tona iwi (T. 188). Nana i homai i ena tangata hei atawhai i a matou nei kai (T. 14).

2. Be inclined to, desire. Ka atawhai taua iwi ra ki a Paoa hei rangatira mo ratou (T. 188).

3. a. Kind, kindly disposed. Ora noa ake au i te mahi atawhai a taua tupuna nei (T. 11).

4. n. Liberality. Ka kite te iwi i tona atawhai (T. 189). Atawhai kino, unfriendly, malicious. Ka ki atu ano nga tuakana atawhai kino kia whakahokia ia ki uta (Tr. vii, 39).

Ate, n. 1. Liver. Te waha o te ate, the pit of the stomach.

2. The seat of the affections; heart. Tau o te ate. (a) A term of endearment. Kai whea te tau o taku ate ? (b) Emotion. E taea te ruru iho te tau o taku ate e kakapa tonu nei (M. 256).

3. A term of affection. Taku ate hoki ra, taku piki kotuku (M. 162).

4. Spirit, high feeling. He ate rahirahi e kore e makā atu te kupu a tetahi.

5. Totara, wood of dark colour.

6. Type of weapon = kotiate.

whakaate, n. Name for a bone mere with a lobed blade.

ateate, ateatenga, n. 1. Bosom. Ko Tumatauenga, i tu tonu i te ateatenga o tona whaea, o Papatuanuku (T. 6).

2. Calf of the leg.

Ātea, a. 1. Clear. Takiri mai te ata i runga o Piriaka, atea kau ana (M. 347).

2. Free from obstruction. Kotahi ano te whare i atea, no te tamaiti anake (Tr. vii, 53). E atea ana te whare, kahore he tangata o roto.

3. Out of the way. Tarakea atu nga otaota kia atea.

4. Cautious.

whakaatea, v.t. Clear away.

Ate-mango, n. A variety of Phormium.

Ate-raukawa, n. A variety of Phormium.

Ātete, v.t. 1. Oppose, resist. Ki te atete i nga hoia hei noho mo runga i ou whenua.

2. Treat roughly. Kaua e utuutua nga ki, e atetetia.

3. Affront, insult. Ehara tenei i te atete i a koe.

4. Devastate. Kua ngarongaro o reira tangata i te atetenga a te patu.

Atewharowharo, n. Lungs. ‖ ate.

Atewhatukuhu, n. Kidneys. = whatukuhu. ‖ ate.

Atewheke, n. A variety of Phormium.

Atewheki, n. Dicksonia squarrosa, a species of tree-fern. = wheki.

Ati (i), n. Offspring, descendant, clan.

1. Used frequently in tribal names. Ko to Ati Awa rangatira tenei (P. 99). Ka kataina e te tini o te Ati Hapai taua tangata (T. 39).

2. Used also with a dual pronoun to indicate a person and his clan, as ati-taua, etc. I te haehae i ta ati-raua ika.

3. In the plural, nga ati (usually written ngāti), used as in 1 and 2 above. Ka rewa te ope a Ngati Awa, a Ngati Toa, ki Taranaki (T. 182). Ehara i a ngati maua tena reo.

Note.—In tribal designations the second element is usually a proper name, but occasionally, as in the case of Ngati Haka, Ngati Kumara, the name has originated in an incident. ‖ Journ. Anth. Soc. xxxii, 183. ‖ ai (iii), ngai.

Ati (ii), conj. Then. Ati ko Mauitikitiki koe a Taranga (T. 17). Ati hoki, yes, indeed. ‖ oti.

Ati (iii), n. Beginning. I pehea to kupu i te ati ? (What was it you said at first ?) Ika i te ati, the first person slain in battle. Ka mau i reira to ika i te ati (M. 260). Ati-a-toa, a term applied to a young man after his first battle. Ko te umu potaka mo te arero-whero tena, me te ati a-toa. ‖ mataati.

Atiati, v.t. Drive away. Ka atiatia a Kaihamu ma e Ngarauru (W. iv, 79). Hei huna riri, hei atiati riri (M.M. 10).

Atihakona = Atuhakona, n. A fish. Ka hoatu e ia nga ika papai, te punipuni, te atirere, te atihakona te paraa (W. iii, 25).

Atiia, conj. But, nevertheless. ‖ ati (ii), otiia.

Atirere = aturere, n. 1. A sea fish. Ka hoatu e ia nga ika papai te punipuni, te atirere (W. iii, 25).

2. A pattern in painting the raters of a Maori house.

Atiru, n. Clouds threatening rain and wind. He kapua ke hoki to te atiru, to te atiru i tau ki whea ? (M. 294). Ka kitea taua mea i te rangi, ara he atiru, ka mohiotia te hau me te ua.

Atiti, v.i. Turn aside, wander. Atiti ke ana (It glances off. ‖ kotiti.

atitirauhea. v.i. Wander distractedly.—Atitirauhea ana te wahine.

Ātiu, ātiutiu, v.i. Wander, stray, soar.

Atiutiu, n. A univalve shellfish.

Ātō, n. Bell-shaped device made of bark and secured to storehouse posts to block rats.

Ato, v.t. 1. Thatch. Tenei, e tama, te whare i atohia (M. 46).

2. Enclose in a fence, etc. Ka atohia te mara ki te kakaho kei taea e te pakura.

atoato, v.t. 1. Marshal, regulate the formation of a corps on the march. Hai te turanga a tohu ka puta ona tangata atoato. (The tangata atoato run along flanks of column and press in those who are not in line.)

2. Recite names, etc., in connection with certain rites of the whare-potae. He heuenga ake i te whare-potae mo Huka Makehurangi. He mea tohi ia ki te wai whakaata, otiia tona maramatanga he atoato ingoa nunui i raro i te take o Maungapohatu.

Atorua, n. A long temporary house used for a feast. ‖ ato.

Atu, ad. 1. Correlative to mai, used with verbs, etc., to indicate a direction or motion onwards, or away from the speaker in reference to either time or space. Hua atu ko te Rangi to tatou matua (T. 14). Haere ra ! hoki atu ra ki tou kainga (T. 170). Ko te kauae o tona tupuna, o Muri-ranga-whenua, kua riro mai koa i mua atu (T. 19). Ko te tini o ona uri i noho atu i Hawaiki (T. 30). In such cases it may sometimes be translated away, forth. Tu atu ki te haka (T. 145).

2. Used with a verb repeated with mai, to indicate reciprocated action. Ka kite a Hinemoa i a Tutanekai, ka titiro atu, ka titiro mai (They gazed at one another) (T. 131). Noho atu ana, noho mai ana i tetehi taha o ta raua ahi (They sat facing one another by the side of their fire) (T. 51).

3. With words like kawe, tiki, etc., implying a forward preliminary motion where we might have expected mai to be used. E ta, kawea atu tetahi wai moku (T. 168). Haere ki te kainga ki te tiki atu i taku toki (T. 71).

Note.—When used with the imperfect verb, atu always precedes ana, but follows any qualifying adverb.

4. Used with an adjective to form a comparative or superlative. Nui atu te hiahia o Takarangi ki a Raumahora i te hiahia ki te riri (T. 183). Or simply as an intensive. Very. Kino atu, ki te aroaro o Taiawa (P. 51). Katahi ano ka tino pai rawa atu (T. 65).

5. Other. Ka haere ano ki te kimi kainga ke atu mona (T. 123). Ka taea hoki e au tera atu aianei (T. 19). Tetahi atu, another. With definitives, as tera, era, etc., the word qualified by the definitive may intervene before the particle. Kaore i tapoko mai nga uri o runga i era waka atu (M. lxix).

whakaatu, v.t. 1. Point out, show. Kua whakaaturia ia e tona hoa (T. 138).

2. Call attention to. Ka whakaaturia e ia “Ka hinga, ka hinga a Ngati Ruanuku” (J. xx, 23).

Ātua, ad. First. He aha koe te atua ai ki te whaereere, muri iho ka patu i nga punua? ‖ mātua.

Atua. 1. n. God, demon, supernatural being, ghost. Ehara ia i te mahi tangata maori, na te atua tenei mahinga … katahi ia ka mohio na te atua (T. 178). Na ka puta mai nga atua o Puarata ki waho, ka whai i nga atua o Hakawau (T. 176). Ehara i a Hinepoupou tangata, ko Hinepoupou atua (Pi. 135, 3).

2. Object of superstitious regard. Whiwhi nei a Ngati Raukawa i taua atua taiaha nei (W. v, 43).

3. Anything malign, disagreeable. Toku atua he pakeha (A European is the most disagreeable thing to me). Ki te pu ra o te atua (M. 299).

4. a. Strange, extraordinary. Ki te kahu atua, kahu whero (M. 299). He atua te hia ora i te makariri (P. 13).

5. Stingy, unfriendly, niggardly. He aha tou i atua mai ki ahau? = atuapo.

6. n. The moon on the fifteenth day; in full, Atua-mate-o-Hotu.

7. Menses.

Atuapiko, n. Rainbow. E tawhana ana te atuapiko i runga i te rangi. = atuatapiko.

Atuapikoikoi, n. Clitoris.

Atuapo, n. Niggard, churl. Ka kore e homai e koe akuanei, heoi ano he ki maku ki a koe, “Atuapo! Atuapo!” kia whakama ai koe.

Atuhākona = atihakona, n. A fish.

Aturangi. —— Ki te pou te wharaua, he aturangi mamao (M. 213).

Aturere = atirere, n. A fish, highly prized. He mokopuna na Mahaki, na te tangata i whai nei ki te aturere (P.).

Atutahi. 1. n. The star Canopus. Atutahi koe te whetu tarake o te rangi e (M. 401). = Autahi, Kauanga, Paepaepoto.

2. Whitebait (Galaxias attenuatus) so called when returning to the sea (Tar.) = atutai.

Atutai, n. A sea fish. = atutahi 2. n.

Ātute, v.t. Hustle, jostle.

Āu. 1. Definitive pronoun, plural of tau. Your, thy, Kei whea au tuaahu? (T. 122).

2. pron. 2nd pers, sing., -u with prep. a prefixed; lit. of you, but following the noun it must be translated by English idiom, of yours, of thine. Tena kuri au (That dog of yours).

Au (i), n. 1. Smoke. Ka puia oku kanohi i te au. = auahi.

2. Gall.

3. Cloud, mist, fog.

4. Current, wake of a canoe. E kore e puta te waka i te au.

5. Rapid. Te au o Kura-te-au. (T. 109).

6. Whirlpool. Ka kawhakina e te au kume, e te au rona, o te au hirere, hirere ki te po (T. 112).

7. In the phrase te au o te moana, open sea. = aumoana. Ka manu ia i te au o te moana (T. 132). (In reference to Rotorua.)

8. Sea generally. Te au ra i nohoia e te takupu (M. 87). Au tuke, or au miha, heavy sea; au hāro, calm sea.

9. String, cord. Tuia ki runga ki te au kotahi.

10. Mat pin, generally made of bone or ivory, sometimes also of wood or of shell or greenstone. He au rei katoa te here o nga kakahu (Pi. 126, 3). Au rei, also applied to small flat oblong pieces of whale's tooth worn in a cluster as a sort of necklace. Au māro, bravery in battle. Kia pena ake taia iho ki te au māro, noho ana taua i te ao marama.

whakaau, n. A kind of eel.

auau. 1. a. Disagreeable, disgusting.

2. Frequently repeated, again and again. He korero auau.

3. ad. Frequently.

4. n. Basket of seed potatoes. Kia rua auau, ka kapi te mara.

5. v.t. Lift. Maku anake e auau te hanga taimaha na?

whakaauau, v.t. Smoke, roast slightly. He mea whakaauau noa te poaka, kaore i maoka.

Au (ii), pron. 1st pers. sing. = ahau, awahau, awau, etc. I, me. Not used after the prepositions a, o, ma, mo, na, no, of the particles ta, to, its place being there supplied by the suffix -ku, q.v.

Au (iii), a. 1. Firm. Au rawa taku noho (M. 164).

2. Sound (of sleep). Ko te po whakaau te moe (T. 46). E au nei taku moe, i (M. 434).

3. Intense. Houa te po au (M. 218). Kia au tau toki. (Directing a workman to cut a little deeper.)

Au (iv), v.i. Bark, howl. Ka kau te kuri ra, me te au haere (T. 121). Ka tangi, me te au kuri te rite (T. 199). = whakaau.

Au (v), ad. Certainly, a form of assent.

Au (vi) ad. I do not know. Ka karanga mai a Te Rangimonoa. “Nohea?” Ka ki atu te tangata ra, “Au, kaore au e mohio.” = aua (ii).

Aua (i), n. Agonostomus forsteri (Aldrichetta), yellowed-eyed mullet, so-called herring = kataha: fry called maraua, then matakā, then aua. Aua matawhero, or aua rere kaha runga, fig. for a chief. He takupu matakana, he aua matawhero (M. 198).

Aua (ii), ad. I know not. “Kei hea to koutou teina?” “Aua, kahore matou i kite” (T. 95). “Ko wai tena tangata?” “Aua hoki, he tauhou” (T. 133). Aua atu, never mind, it matters not. Aua atu ra, ko wai ka kite atu? (M. 219). Aua ake, excluding. = haunga. ‖ au (vi), auara.

Aua (iii), ad. imperative. Not. Aua koe e haere. = kaua.

Aua (iv), ad. Far advanced, far on (in point of distance), at a great height or depth. Generally with mai or atu. Aua tonu ake te rangi, aua tonu iho te whenua ki raro (M. iv). Kua aua mai koe (You have come a long way). Kei aua noa atu nga tangata (The men are a great distance off). Aua noa atu, ka puta ake a Ha (T. 96).

Aua (v), definitive pron., pl. of taua. Those before mentioned. Kua pa atu nga ringa ki aua pohutukawa (T. 74).

Auaake, ad. I know not. ‖ aua (ii).

Auaha. 1. v.i. Leap, throb, thrill with passion, etc. Auaha ke te waha ururoa, auaha ke; tiwha ana, pango ana, hamama kau ana te waha i a Kaikumukumu. ‖ auha.

2. v.t. Shape, create, form, fashion; used in ancient legends. Me timata mai i te auahatanga a Tane, i auahatia ai e ia ki te whenua e takoto nei ko Tiki (J. iii, 14).

Auahi, n. Smoke. Ka haere ano ki nga wahi auahi noho ai, kia mea ai nga hoa, he auahi, kaore, he roimata (T. 94). = au ahi.

Auaka, ad. Do not, don't.

Auara, ad. after a negative question. Certainly there is, etc. “Kaore he tangata o te tai hauauru e puta mai ana te ingoa ki konei?” “Auara, e puta mai ana ano, ko Marutuahu” (T. 138).

Auare = auere, v.i. Cry out. Auaretia mai, e hika, te mamae, e (S. ii, 75). Te wahine i tangi auare nei.

Auarere, int. expressing surprise. Auarere! Kaore ra i te he te take i parapara-rua ai matou nei (W.M. ix, 69).

Auau. ‖ au (i).

Aue. 1. int. expressing astonishment or distress. Alas. Aue, ka kitea he moana, ko te Rotoiti (T. 79). Aue, te whakama i a au e (M. 291).

2. v.i. Groan, make lamentation, cry. Katahi ka aue te matua ki te tangi (Pi. 135, 3). Kei aroha tatou ki tona auetanga (T. 19).

Auere = auare, v.i. Cry out with pain.

Auha, v.i. Leap. Ka auha te ika. ‖ auaha.

Auhaha, v.t. Seek after. Ka auhaha noa ia ki tetahi kai mana. ‖ haha.

Auheke, n. 1. Surf. Tukua ahau kia rere i runga i te auheke ra, ka paea atu ana ko te toka i Omaku.

2. Short descent. Tera ka makoha, e, ki runga te auheke ka hokai o Hangutu (M. 165). ‖ aupiki.

3. (fig.) Giving in to difficulties, climbing down.

Auhi. 1. v.i. Be hampered, be hindered. = auwhi.

2. Be distressed. Ki te whaea e auhi ana ki tana tamaiti i mate.

3. n. Distress, grief, anxiety. Kahore rawa e mutu ana taku auhi tonu ki a ia.

Auhoki, n. Eddy, backwater. ‖ au (i).

Aūhunga, n. A pale variety of greenstone (Tr. xxiv, 513).

Auinaake, auināke = aoinake, ad. On the morrow. Ka auinaake te ata ka taona tetahi ika (Tr. viii, 47). Taka noa ki te po e aoinake ai ka maunu, ka eke a Rongouaroa ki runga ki te waka (On the night before they were to sail Rongouaroa embarked on the canoe). Auina rawa ake, on the very next day. Atina rawa ake ka taupokina e te mate ki raro ra (Pi. 172, 2).

Aukaha. 1. v.t. Lash therauawa, or bulwark, to the body of a canoe. Na ka oti tona waka te aukaha, ka toia ki te wai (T. 120). Te waka nei a Aotea, ka aukahatia (T. 112).

2. n. Lashings of dressed flax which fasten the rauawa to the body of the canoe.

Aukaha. n. String, fibre, as fern root or timber (Po.).

Aukati. 1. v.t. Stop one's way, prevent one from passing.

2. Dam a stream.

3. n. Line which one may not pass.

Āuki, a. Old, of long standing. ‖ uki.

Aukume, aukukume, n. The name of an incantation.

Aukume, v.t. Prolong, lengthen out. Ehara i te matāika, engari he mātāika, koinei te reo o konei, he aukume.

Aumanga. n. A hollowed-out space, on the under side of the ridge-pole immediately over the front wall of a house, designed as a smoke vent.

Aumangea, aumangeo, a. Strong, brave, persistent.

Aumarire. a. Peaceful. = Marire.

Aumihi, v.t. 1. Sigh for. ‖ mihi.

2. Greet, welcome.

3. n. Applied to first two wives in a polygamous marriage. He aumihi ki au taua wahine.

Aumiro. n. Design in rafter painting.

Aumoana, n. 1. Open sea. ‖ au (i), 7.

2. Blue clay.

Aumoe, a. 1. At ease. Ka kanaenae nga kanohi, kahore i te aumoe.

2. Fast asleep. Kia rite ki te tui aumoe ana mai aku hoa i nga muri, matatu noa ana ko au nei anake (S. ii, 17).

Aumou, a. Constant, persistent. E aumou tonu te whai. ‖ au, mau.

Āunga ‖ hāunga, ad. Not.

Aungarea, a. Fierce. = nanakia.

Aungawari. = ngawari.

Aupaki. 1. n. Sloping ground.

2. v.t. Hold close, carry. Aupakina ki te maro (Hold them in your apron). Riri aupaki, fight at close quarters. Koe riri aupaki na o teina (M. 407).

3. Fine, calm weather. Kei te tuhi te Pipipi o te rangi, he aupaki ara he marino.

Auparu, n. A form of net used at the mouths of rivers.

Aupatu, n. Bundle.

Aupiki. 1. v.i. Ascend. Ka tupato te upoko o te ope ki te awa, ka aupiki haere.—Ko wai tera e aupiki atu ra? (S. ii, 4).

2. a. Steep, flowing rapidly. Whakamau to mata nga tai aupiki (M. 383).

3. n. Short sharp ascent. Ka nui te kino o te huarahi, he aupiki, he auheke. (Not properly applied to a long ascent.)

4. (fig.). To be confronted with difficulties. Whakatakotoria te kaupapa ki te iwi he aupiki te whakatau a te iwi. ‖ auheke.

Auporo, v.t. Cut short, stop. Kotahi te tangata nana nei matou i auporo, ko Iharaira anake.

Aupounamu. 1. n. Extreme bow of a war canoe. Ko aupounamu tona wahi whakamutunga mai, ko matutu te tuarua, ko te wahi tenei e whakanohoia ai te tauihu o te waka.

2. n. Species of shark.

Aupuru, n. Cushion or pad, e.g. under a load, to prevent chafing. He kore mea hai aupuru.

Auraka, ad. Not, imperative or precative. E kui ma nei, auraka au e hakua.

Auraki. 1. v.i. Turn aside. Tatou ka auraki atu ki te kainga nei—Taku aurakitanga ki te kino (S. 98).

2. Return. Mehemea ka taka kinotia koe e tetehi tangata, ka auraki mai koe ki au.

3. Go. Haere ra, E Tama! Auraki atu ki to pāpā, ki a Hori, ki kona moe ai.

4. Press, crowd. Te nuinga e auraki noa mai kia kite ai ratou i te mutunga o te manawa (W.M. viii, 57). Ko koe te rangatira, he nui nga ware, ka auraki katoa ki a koe, ara ka hui katoa atu ki a koe.

5. v.t. Do a thing in a hurry. Aua ra e aurakina.

6. Urge, hasten.

7. Wail, lament, give way to violent demonstrations of grief or pain. Auraki ana te hemo o te tupapaku.

Aurara. 1. v.t. Clutch, grasp. Aurara ke ou ringaringa ki kona ki te aha?

2. Encroach.

3. v.i. Toss, or roll from side to side, as one resting uneasily. Aurara ana toku ngakau.

4. Turn, be diverted. Kaore e aurara te whatu ki wahi ke atu.

Aurei, n. 1. The third day of the moon's age. Kua whakaaurei te marama.

2. = au rei. ‖ au (i), 10.

Aurere, v.i. Moan, groan. E aurere mai ra a Tairi. — E hine e, tangi kino, e, tangi aurere nei ki te kai (M. 201).

Āuriuri. 1. a. Free fromtapu. Ka auriuri pea koe.

2. n. An incantation for rendering persons free fromtapu.

Auroa, a. Prolonged, extended. Te auroa o toku taiawhio haere, a roa te kitenga ano o nga tangata.

Auroro, v.i. Slope, incline. I auroro whena atu (He inclined in that direction).

Auru, v.t. 1. Break off, pluck up, destroy. Ka puta ai te waipuke hei auru i te rakau tu takutai wai (S. ii, 86). Aurutia mai nga tarutaru.

2. Throw away, carry off.

‖ kaiauru.

Aurukowhao, n. 1. Leakage from the lashing holes of therauawaof a canoe, hence:

2. Any trifling damage. “Mate i te tamaiti, he aurukowhao; mate i te wahine, takerehaia.” Na Kekerau te ki (P.).

‖ urukowhao.

Āuta, v.i. Toss, writhe. Tuarua rawa mai ki te moenga, he ringa ta auta rawa ake, ka ea kai te moenga, e (S.). Ko te ringa ka auta ki runga ki tetehi.—Kua auta haere te moe. Moe auta, restless, broken sleep. Ka whakaauta i tana moe (Pretends to be sleeping restlessly).

Auta, v.t. Encroach upon, attack. Ka mate a Hongi, a auta ka auta, ko Te Whareumu.

Autaha. 1. n. Eddy, side current. Kia tika ki te autaha, kia māmā ai te hoenga.

2. ad. To one side. O te koinga ra e tere autaha i waho.

Autahi = Atutahi, n. The star Canopus. E paki ra te paki o Autahi (M. 242).

Autaia, a. 1. Extraordinary, strange.

2. Savage. = nanakia.

Autaki. 1. a. Roundabout, circuitous. He ara autaki.

2. Prolix, prosy. He kupu autaki.

3. v.t. Lead by a circuitous way. He kuia i autakina ki te pae tuatahi, i autakina ki te pae tuarua.

Autāne, n. A woman's brother-in-law. ‖ taokete.

Autara, v.t. Lop branches off trees, leaving trunks standing.

Autaua, n. One who announces the approach of a fighting party.

Aute, n. 1. Broussonetia papyrifera, paper mulberry, formerly cultivated by the natives in New Zealand.

2. Cloth made from the bark of this tree. He maro aute te maro o Whakatau (T. 59). Manu aute, kite. He manu aute au e taea te whakahoro ki te aho tamiro, i (M. 220).

3. Band for the hair made of such cloth.

Autetaranga, autetauranga, n. Pimelea arenaria, a shrub, from the bark of which an inferior kind of cloth was made.

Autō. 1. a. Trailing behind. Kahore ra i te kakahu roroa auto mai i raro i te whenua (M. 114).

2. Slow, dilatory. He auto no te tangata ki tenei mahi. ‖ akuto.

3. v.t. Drag out, protract. Aukumea, autoia (M. 114).

Autoru, n. A round stone used in grinding down kokowai, or red ochre.

Autui, n. A cloak pin of whalebone or boar's tusk. ‖ au (i).

Auwaha, v.t. Meddle, interfere.

Auwahi, pt. Separated, divided. Tera te kotuhi auwahi ana ia i te ripa o Tautari raro (S.).

Auwahine, n. Sister-in-law of a man. ‖ taokete.

Auwai. n. Bone bodkin used in stringing fish.

Auwe = aue.

Auwehi. Auwehi ana te taewa a Mea i te mahi a te one mata (The potato crop was in bad condition).

Auwhi = auhi, a. Sad, dejected. Ka auwhi noa te ngakau i tona mahuetanga.

Awa, n. 1. Channel, landing place for canoes. Te awa hoenga waka (M. 233).

2. River. Kei tawahi ke o te awa e tawharau ana mai a Te Arawa (T. 81).

3. Gully, gorge.

4. Groove, fluting.

5. An incantation to still a storm. Ko wai ra te awa o to waka i haere ai koe? (M. 225). Called also awa moana (M. 156, 344).

6. Bed in a garden; probably strictly furrow.

7. I rongo ano au koia ano te awa o te mahi nei. The meaning of awa in this example appears to be procedure or course. Hawaiian awa, to deliberate.

whakaawa, v.t. Groove, hollow out, furrow.

awaawa, n. 1. Valley. Takoto ana he raorao, heke ana he awaawa, ara, he pari hoki (T. 23).

2. Trough of the sea.

whakaawaawa, v.i. Keep in the trough of the sea.

Awahau = ahau, pron. I, me.

Awai, 1. a. Heavy, sodden, sagging. Ko te tari parera kei te awai e tahei ana (Tu.).

2. a. Drag, of a song. Kei te awai te rangi o te waiata.

Āwaiā, int. An exclamation of surprise.

Awaiho (poetical) = waiho, v.t. Leave. Naku koe i awaiho i taku whenua iti (M. 17). Nau i awaiho te kiri awhinga nei (M. 24).

Awakari, awakeri, n. Ditch. Keria ana e ia te awakeri, kia rere ai te wai (W. ii, 76).

Āwake, l.n. Two days hence. = aoake.

awakewake, l.n. Four days hence.

Awamate, n. 1. Ditch, moat, outside the palisading of a pa.

2. River-bed left dry by the river changing its course.

Awanui, n. A trumpet shell (Charonia capax).

Awanga, n. 1. South-west wind.

2. Variegated. Phormium tenax. Ko te wharanui, ko te awanga tona ingoa he taroa.

3. Variety of taro.

āwangawanga. 1. a. Uneasy in mind, disturbed, undecided.

2. n. Distress. Ma reira pea ka mutu ai toku awangawanga ki toku tupuna ka ngaro atu nei.

Awarua, n. 1. Ditch.

2. Dogskin cloak. Kia pehia mai te kuri awarua (M. 88). = topuni.

3. Central passage in a house. = Kauwhanga nui = kauhanganui.

whakaawarua, n. Ditch inside the palisading of a pa.

Awata, n. Desire, yearning, grief. = wawata.

Awatea = ao atea, n. 1. Broad daylight. Kua awatea, kua puta rawa te ra (T. 47).

2. Middle of the day.

Awau = ahau, pron. I, me. Nahau ano awau (Tr. vii, 37).

Awe (i), n. 1. Soot. Kei muri i te awe kapara he tangata ke, mana i te ao he ma (P.). To mata whakarewa ki te awenga para (S.).

2. Cloud. Taia ai runga, taka te uira, taka te awa (S.).

3. Long white hairs from tail and rump of the native dog, used for decorating clothing, weapons, etc. Ka whitia e ia te rapa o tona taiaha ki runga, ka ruia nga awe (J. xx, 22).

4. White feathers of albatross or heron. Whakataua mai te awe o te toroa (M. 46). Taku awe kotuku no nga rakau a Te Ru (M. 25).

5. Strength, power, influence. Te awe o te atua e nanape kino nei i a au (M. 113).

6. The human soul when, after death, its grosser qualities have been sloughed off.

7. Hair of the head about the fontanelles. Hair taken from this part was used for ceremonial purposes.

aweawe, a. 1. Distant, out of reach. Aweawe ana nga rau o te rakau.—Aweawe ana nga korero i runga o Te Piware (P. 2.).

2. Tall. Katahi ki te roa o te rakau nei, aweawe atu ana.

whakaawe. 1. v.t. Place out of reach. Ka rere mai nga manu ra; i tawhiti ano ka whakaawea te rere ma runga.—He pu whakaawe noa mai (A lucky shot from a distance).

2. v.i. Receding to a distance. Nga ti whakaawe. (Applied to the phantom trees on Kaingaroa Plains.)

whakaaweawe, n. Lover (of either sex).

kai-whakaaweawe, n. Go-between, messenger, between lovers. Ko koe hoki te kai-whakaaweawe, he aha koe ka huna?

Awe (ii) = wawe, ad. Soon. He koura kia awe te wharo, he aruhe kia awe te papa (P.).

Awe-kapara, n. Planting season. He tangata whakaawe-kapara (An industrious man). = koanga.

Aweke. 1. a. Perverse, ill-tempered. He aha tau ka aweke tonu ?

2. Slow, dawdling, with the notion of waywardness. Katahi te aweke o tau haere.

3. Unaccustomed, strange to.

4. Frivolous, disarming, not to be taken seriously. He korero aweke naku (Only an idle remark of mine).

5. v.t. Falsify, misrepresent E kore au e anga ki te aweke korero maku.

6. Tease, play tricks on. Ka tae ki te rorohu hei kai-kimi mana mo nga tangata e aweke ra i a ia.

7. To worry about (Ngi). Kei te aweke au ki te kotiro e ngaro nei.

8. v.i. Turn aside. Ka kite au i te tangata e puta mai ana, ka aweke noa au ki tahaki kia hemo ake taua tangata.

9. n. Old man = koroheke.

Aweko, a. 1. Old ancient. He riri mo tenei kainga, me korero; ko nga riri aweko o tawhiti, kauaka e korerotia.

2. Knowing, understanding. Me te aweko haere tou au ki te haramaitanga o toku papa.

Awenewene, a. Very sweet. ‖ wenewene.

Awere, v.i. Be omitted. Kei awere etahi o nga kupu o te waiata.

Āwhā, n. 1. Gale, storm.

2. Rain. Ka ua te awha.

Awhai (i), conj. Maybe, perhaps. (arch.) Anei nga aonga ma Rangi, āwhai ma korua e hari atu (Maybe you will take them). E moe nei taua awhaia ake i ra ngahuru.

awhai (ii), n. Spouse. He awhai no Hinehore. Hei a koe tonu tau tahu whenua. Hei awhai kau au (N.M. 19).

Āwhato = awheto, n. 1. Cordiceps robertsii and other Cordiceps species of parasitic fungi which infest the larvae of certain insects; the “vegetable caterpillar”. ‖ horuhoru.

2. A large caterpillar, larva of Sphinx convolvuli. Ka mahi te awhato hohoni paenga (P. 38).

Awhe = hawhe, whawhe. 1. v.t. Scoop up, gather into a heap. Ka tango i te kakahi hei awhe i nga wairua ki roto ki te rua (T. 87). Awhea mai nga oneone.

2. Hem in, surround, beset. Ka awhea ma e te hau o roto o te riu (T. 153).

3. Span, encircle, so measure a tree with the extended arms.

4. Stir, disturb. Haere mai ki Hauraki, ki te aute te awhea (P. 10). Kaore te aroha e awhea mai nei (M. 260). E pa ta waho e awhea mai nei (M. 201).

5. v.i. Pass round or behind. Awhe ana tua ra i taku hemihemi (M. 65).

6. Go, travel. Kaore āna ra koe awhe mai ana ki te haukainga (M. xcvii). Waiho kia whana atu ana he toroa awhe nui e topa ana ia ki te uru (M.M. 198).

7. n. A greenstone pendant with the end curved.

awheawhe, v.t. Work in a body on anything. Me awheawhe noa tena mahi ka oti.

awhenga, n. Applied to a vassal people, as a weak tribe saved from destruction out of pitying contempt. Ka puta te whakaaro i nga rangatira o taua iwi kia heke ratau ki te rahiti, koi waiho ratau hai utanga kupu. Ko taua kupu ka puta ki te whakatupuranga uri, “He awhenga koe naku.”

Āwhea = ahea. ‖ hea.

Awheo. 1. n. Halo.

2. v.i. Be surrounded by a halo. Ka awheo te marama ka taka.

3. a. Roundabout.

‖ awhio.

Awheotau, v.i. Be surrounded by a halo.

Awherangi. 1. n. A defensive spell to throw witchcraft upon its author.

2. a. Bespoken. E haramai ra koe i te makau awherangi (S. 16).

Awherau. — Nga hau o waho tenei kei roto i ahau e kai awherau i taku hinganga ki raro, i taku tunga.

Awhero, n. Hopes, desires. I aua kia tae ki ou awhero … (N.M. i, 42). (Not foreseeing that when your desires were attained …).

Awheto. ‖ awhato.

Awhi, v.t. 1. Embrace. Ina he awhi kau iho tau (T. 129).

2. Foster, cherish. Na toku tupuna au i awhi, a whai tangata ana ahau.

3. Sit on eggs, as a hen.

4. Draw near to. Awhitia mai, kia piri, kia tata.

5. Besiege. Ao ake te ra ka awhitia te pa, kotahi tekau pea nga ra e awhi ana.

whakaawhi, v.t. Surround.

awhiawhi. 1. n. Embrace. Kia mana ra ta taua awhiawhi (M. 180).

2. A particular hold or grip in wrestling.

whakaawhiawhi, v.i. Cling together.

korero whakaawhiawhi, close conversation.

awhiawhi, whakaawhiawhi, n. A ceremony to remove tapu from a new house.

Awhikiri, n. Third or inner wooden palisade of a fort. = kiritangata.

Awhina, v.t. Assist, benefit, befriend. He awhina tangata anake te rangatiratanga o tenei mea, o te tangata (T. 12).

Āwhio. 1. a. Roundabout, winding. Kaua koutou e haere ma tena huarahi engari haere ma te huarahi awhio.

2. v.i. Go round about. Awhiotia te nuku o te whenua ka tae kei a Kapiti (M. 284).

āwhiowhio. 1. n. Whirlwind, whirlpool.

2. a. Circuitous.

‖ awheo.

Awhipapa, n. The advance in stooping attitude, dragging huata (spear) behind like a bird spear.

Awhireinga, v.t. Embrace in theregion of spirits.

Awhiti, awhitu. 1. a. Cautious, on one's guard.

2. v.i. Feel regret, feel hurt, yearn for. E roto koa ra, e awhitu noa ra ki te tau i rangia (M. 203). E awhitu ana toku ngakau ki nga kai kihai i nui mai ki a au.

‖ ohiti.

Āwhiwhi, a. Near. Te awhiwhi mai he rukenga naku, i aku rangi mananga (M. 18).

āwhiwhiwhi, v.i. Approximate, resemble.

E, vowel: e pronounced as e in “pet” and in “epic”. ē = e perceptibly lengthened.

E (i), particle, used — 1. Before verbs or adjectives followed by ana, nei, na, etc., to denote action in progress, or temporary condition, in time past, present, or future. E haere ana maua ki reira (T. 145). E ora ana ano maua (T. 176).

2. Before verbs or adjectives without a following particle, to denote future action or condition. Tera pea e tae mai ki konei (T. 188).

3. In a negative clause answering to the last, to introduce the negative. E kore korua e maia (T. 200).

4. Before verbs, to form an imperative. Ka mea atu taua hunga, “E haka” (T. 65). Kaua e titiro atu, kei mate korua (T. 48).

5. Before the interrogative hia, and the cardinal numbers from two to nine, in a statement regarding the number of articles. Ka tatau ano, tatau rawa iho e waru ano taro, kua riro e rua (T. 49). Ka tango ia i nga taha e ono (T. 132).

6. In relative clauses, after a negative, with reference even to time past, Te mea i kore ai e nehua (The reason they were not buried).

E (ii), prep. By, of the agent, and following passives only. I ngarea mai au e Paoa (T. 187).

E (iii), int. 1. Vocative, O. E koro ma, kawea au kia kite i o tuakana (T. 197). Often used after, as well as before a name. E Turi e ! E Turi e ! whakahokia ki uta (T. 111).

2. Calling attention, or expressing surprise. E ! kua ora a Raumati (T. 102). E ! ko te Te Kahureremoa (T. 144).

3. In poetry, at the end of a line or stanza, without any particular meaning. Te marama i runga ra, e (M. 191).

4. v.i. Exclaim “E!”

E (iv), conj. 1. If, when. Ka ora rapea ahau, e ka tuaina ki te moana (M. vii). Koia tenei pepeha mo te mea kite, e ka kitea te taonga makere (M. xi). It is often used without any verbal particle: E whiti koe ki rawahi, me haere tonu atu koe (When you get across the sea, go right on) (T. 110). E ua patapata nunui, ka mate au (If it rains heavily, I shall have died) (T. 61).

2. To give emphasis. Why, of course. “E haere atu ana ahau ki te whakataki i taku kotiro.” “Kei hea?” “E, kei te rangi” (T. 49).

E (v), particle. Sometimes used before roto and other local nouns (F.L. § 8) when they stand as subject to a sentence, particularly in poetry. I mihi mai e waho, i riri mai e roto (M. 267). E mua ata haere, e muri tata kino (P.).

Eā, int. expressing surprise. Ea ! kua mate tau mokai (T. 161).

Ea, v.i. 1. Appear above water. Kia timu te tai ka ea ai nga toka ki runga.

2. Be flooded, of a house, camp, etc. Kua ea katoa to whare.—He takere toea, ea katoa a roto o te whare.

3. Rise, as heavenly bodies. Ka ea mai a Whanui.

4. Reappear, as the moon at new moon. Ka tatari a Maia kia ea te marama, ara kia tae ki te Hoata.

5. Be brought to land. Ka ea te kupenga ki tahaki.—Ka ea to ika he haku no te maoana uri (M. 10).

6. Be avenged, requited. Ka ea te mate o Tuhuruhuru (T. 62). Ka ea tana kanga i a Mutahanga, i a Manahua (T. 93).

7. So, be paid for. Kaore ano i ea toku kakahu. Tu pupu, tu ngaro; tu kete, tu ea. (A portion [of food] in a little bundle is a portion lost; a portion in a basket, a portion to be repaid) (P.).

8. Be paid. Ka ea te utu.

9. Be produced, come up, as a crop.

10. Be performed, as a religious rite, Ka ea te purenga (T. 83).

whakaea. 1. v.t. Pay for.

2. Avenge.

3. Perform an incantation. Po rawa iho, ka marere o te maia ra o Ngatoro, kei te whakaea, kei te karangaranga i te hau, me te ua, me te whatitiri (M. xxi).

4. Spread, extend. Whakaea marire atu aku parirau (M. 113).

5. v.i. Appear above the surface. Nga motu whakaea i waho o Motutawa (M. 333).

6. So, draw breath. Whakaea te manawa o Rangi (M. 356).

7. n. A species of eel found in stagnant pools, but not in running water.

whakaeanga, n. Object of affection.

whakaeaea. 1. v.t. Lift or draw out of the water. Tukutukua i Rangiaowhia, whakaeaea i te Mamaku (T. 178).

2. Ease pain. He whakaeaea mo te mamae.

3. Utter disconnectedly, as through want of breath; sob. Whakaeaea ana te tangi a toku ihu (M. 120).

Eai, int. expressing admiration, Eai au tini kakahu! This, perhaps, should be e ai, and referred to ai (ii).

Eaoia, int. expressing assent. = e ao ia. ‖ ao (iii).

Ehake, ad. Not. Ehake tenei tangata. ‖ chara.

Ēhara, ad. 1. Not, stating non-identity, and followed by i. Ehara i te tikanga tangata (T. 61). Ehara i te mea, it is not the case that. Sometimes with an ellipsis of i te mea, as, Ehara maku nga moni. Ehara i te hanga, perhaps = ehara i te hanga noa iho, it is no common thing, i.e., it is something extraordinary. Ehara is sometimes used alone in this sense. Ehara! ta te pari pai hoki (T. 160). Ehara ano te haere o tera toa! (T. 60).

2. Used with i in a negative sentence where the positive statement would require the use of na or no. Ehara i a koe tenei kainga, noku ano (T. 79). Ehara i konei; mehemea no konei, he hauraro noa iho te kakahu o te weruweru (T. 147).

3. In animated narrative, without doubt, sure enough. Tahi ano whakarerenga iho o tana meremere; ehara, kua mate (T. 120).

Note.—Early writers in New Zealand printed e hara; this is not now usual. ‖ hara (iii).

Ēhe, ehē, int. expressing surprise. If the form ehē is used, dissent is implied.

Ehea, pron. interrogative, plural of tēhea. Which?

Ehi, int. Well! Ehi! kua rite o maua nei hiahia (T. 131).

Ehia = e hia. ‖ hia (i).

Ehinu, pron. definitive plural. Some. Kei hea ehinu o nga toki?—Ko tona kawenga i tuwhaina ki ehinu o nga kai-waha (Ha 303). ‖ etokohinu, tokohinu.

Ehu (i). 1. a. Turbid. He wai ehu, he wai para-horo.

2. v.t. Bail, or more accurately dash, the water out of a canoe by means of a paddle moved briskly from side to side. Ka ehua te wai o tona waka (T. 111).

3. Exhume, disinter. No te ehunga i a Te Eke. ‖ hahu.

whakaehu, v.t. Scatter, disperse. Kaua e whakaehu i nga poaka.

Ehu (ii) = ahua, n. Appearance, form. Ruia te taitea, tu te ehu tapu (M. 206). He kumara kai hamuhamu ko te ehu o te kupu na.

whakaehu, v.i. Appear dimly. Ngari te tahakura whakaehu rawa mai, a whiti rere ake ka hewa kei te ao (S.). Ko to wairua i haramai whakaehu (S. 68).

Ei, int. in poetry and occasionally in prose. Haere atu ra, ei (M. 251). Ei, tena te rakau ka hoa (T. 98). Ano ra ko Tama, “Eii, ka ora rapea ahau” (M. vii).

Eke, v.i. 1. Generally place oneself or be placed upon another object, and so:

2. Embark. Nga waka i eke mai ai o matou tupuna ki tenei motu (T. 69).

3. Get aground, come to land. Ka eke ki uta; ka kitea nuitia e nga tangata (T. 57).

4. Rise, as a star. Ka eke te whetu o te rangi (W. i, 89).

5. Rise in swellings. He mate pukupuku, ka papauku katoa te kiri, he eke no te kiri.

6. Be laid or cast upon, as blame, censure, etc. Ka ekengia ahau e te kupu (I am the subject of blame; I am found fault with).

7. Come to be exercised over, as control, authority, etc. He whakaaro nana, kei eke mai he tikanga ma te matua ki runga ki nga taonga i wehea mai mona.

8. Thicken in cooking. ‖ etc.

9. v.t. Raise. Na ka ekea a Rangi ki runga (Tr. vii, 33).

10. Climb. He pukepuke moana e ekeina e te waka (P. 26).

11. Mount a horse, etc.; reach the summit of a mountain, etc. Haere ano ratou, ka eke i runga i te puke (T. 79).

whakaeke. 1. v.t. Attack, assault. Ka whakaekea tonutia e te mano (T. 176). Te ingoa o te pa ko Te Hape, ka whakaekea e te taua.

2. Make a rush. Ka whakaekea e te tangata whenua ki roto i te whare o te manuhiri (T. 193).

3. Lead an army to the attack. Katahi ka whakaekea te taua raka ki roto i nga pa (T. 81).

4. Earth up crops. Kahore ano kia whakaekea nga riwai.

5. Place upon, load. Ka pau te tui te whakaeke ki te ngohi (When the cord was fully laden with fish) (T. 179.).

6. v.i. Climb upon, mount. Kei whakaeke koe ki runga ki te peka patate (M. 403).

7. Alight. Ka whakaeke ki raro ki te whenua (Tr. vii, 38).

8. n. Visitor, guest. Ko etahi rawhi ka pau ma nga whakaeke (T. 185).

9. Ally, body of supporting troops. Katahi ka tae mai te whakaeke a Karopiti, no Kawhia, hei haumi i a ratou.

whakaekeeke. 1. v.t. Invade.

2. v.i. Follow in quick succession. He ua whakaekeeke; taro kau iho kua ua ano.

3. n. Arrival of guests.

Ekieki = ikeike, a. High, lofty.

Eml, emiemi, v.i. 1. Be assembled, be gathered together. Ka emi mai te mano o te tangata ki te haka (M. vii). Kua emiemi nga tangata ki te whare.

2. Be ashamed.

emiemi, n. 1. Dracophyllum latifolium, a tree. = neinei.

2. Bract at footstalk of a gourd.

whakaemi, v.t. Gather together. Katahi ka whakaemia kia kite i te patunga o Whakaturia (T. 64).

Ena, plural of definitive tena. Those near or connected with the person spoken to.

Enaka = ena.

Enanga, a. Like, having the form or appearance of.

Ene. 1. v.t. Flatter, cajole. He ene te korero a te tangata nei, ma wai e whakarongo atu ?

2. n. Anus. Tou ene, or mau tou ene, a contemptuous rejection of an offer.

whakaene. 1. v.t. Make smooth. Haere mai ki te whakaene i nga parua i tanumia e ou matua.

2. Present the posteriors in derision.

3. n. Certain sacred rites. Ka tahuna te ahi whakaene, ka karakia te tohunga, ka hoatu te taio makawe.—I tahuna mai au ki te ahi whakaene ki' mate te wairua (S.).

eneene. 1. v.t. Endeavour to obtain by flattery, coaxing, etc. Kei te eneene kai mana.

2. Incite, provoke; as in eneene riri, provoke a quarrel.

3. a. Utterly consumed, wasted, bare. Kua eneene noa aku kai.—Eneene ana nga kai o te kainga nei, monemone ana i te poaka.

whakaeneene. 1. v.i. Dawdle. E tama! he mahi whakaeneene tau.

2. In the expression moe whakaeneene, practise sodomy.

Enei, plural of definitive tenei. These near or connected with the speaker.

Enga, n. Anxiety.

engaenga, v.i. Overflow.

Engaio, n. A parasitic worm infesting kaka, kokopu, inanga, and weta; commonly termed the “Gordian worm” = ngaio.

Engari, engaringari (formerly written e ngari) = erangi, conj. 1. It is better. Akuanei pea ka mate ko au: engari pea me haere noa atu au ki te kimi kainga ke atu hei oranga moku (T. 119).

2. But, but rather. Kei hopu tou ringa ki te aka taepa, engari kia manu ki te aka matua (T. 48).

3. On the contrary, on the other hand. He nui tona mohio, tona marie; engari, ki te puta atu te tangata o te iwi ke … ka whakatika ki te tautau mai (T. 156).

Note.—In Uv., To., Fu., and Ni., gali (i.e., ngali) means likely, fit, becoming.

Engei. A particle of uncertain meaning. He maripi engei au ? (Have you a knife ?) ‖ nge.

Engia, ad. expressing assent. Engia ane? (Is it really ?) ‖ koia.

Eo, n. Louse. = kutu.

whakaeo. 1. v.t. Deprive of power, cause to waste away, generally by occult means. Mehemea ka oho te taniwha, me tu atu te tangata ki te whakaeo.—Ahakoa i waiho i te moana aua mea kino, ka whakaeotia kia mutu.

2. n. Ill luck, brought upon canoes, nets, etc., by carelessly omitting to remove all of the previous day's catch. Ki te whakaeonga o te kete inanga (M. 402 (M.S.)). ‖ ero.

Epa (i). 1. v.t. Pelt. Katahi tona papa ka whakatau epa ake (T. 16).

2. Throw, cast. Epaina atu ana e Hine te kohatu ki te wahine i mua (W. ii, 122).

3. n. Thunderbolt. Ko nga hapu e tangi nei i te rangi, nga ingoa o ena tangata, ko Whaitiri-pakapaka, ko te Epa … he hapu atua enei no te iwi Maori.

4. Something connected with sacred rites. ? Offering. Ka hikihiki te epa, ka rangahau te epa, ko te epa o Tutawake (S.). Whakatu te epa o te ariki, hiki ake oriaria (M. 414).

5. Objection, hindrance. Kahore he epa mo tena.

whakaepa. 1. v.t. Cast, throw. E kore e whakaepaia ki runga ki te waka tona tinana.

2. Conciliate, propitiate, make much of. Ka tata mai te aroha ki te tau ra, e, i whakaepa i taku ohinga (S. ii, 38).

3. Land a shark in the canoe (Tr. xliii, 601).

4. n. Propitiatory offering.

5. Horizontal parts of the tiwhana design in tattooing.

epaepa, v.t. Pelt continuously. Roa noa atu ratou e epaepa ana i a ia (T. 16).

whakaepaepa, v.t. 1. Object to, hinder Kahore tatou i te tika e ahei ai i a tatou te whakaepaepa.

2. Conciliate. Riro ana taku poaka hei whakaepaepa mo te tohunga.—Ka meatia te aute hai whakaepaepa atua.

Epa (ii), n. Posts at the ends of a Maori house between the poupou and poutāhu. ‖ J. v, 148.

Epeepe, n. Distant relative.

Era, plural of definitive tera. Those yonder.

Erangi = engari.

Ero. 1. a. Putrid. Kua eroa te ika nei.

2. Thin, emaciated. Koukou mata ero koi runga (M. 421). E ki mai na koe, he ero.

3. n. Discharge from a sore or boil, pus.

4. Decrease, diminution. E te hua, e te ero (M. 327).

whakaero. 1. v.i. Putrefy. Ki te whakaeronga o to kete inanga (M. 402). ‖ whakaeo.

2. Diminish, dwindle, disappear. Ko te whakaerotanga hoki tenei o te mana me te tapu nui o to tupuna, o Tama-te-kapua, i hoki mai ai ki ahau (J. ii, 227). Whakaero ana te tangata, whakaero ana hoki te taonga.

3. v.t. Perform a ceremony for the well-being of a canoe. He aha te take mau e whakaero to koutou waka (J. iii, 61).

‖ Uv., To., Fu., Sa.: elo, putrid, stench.

Ētahi, plural of definitive tetahi. Some.

Etahi, int. How great ! Etahi te oha a to tangata ! (i.e., yourself). ‖ katahi.

Ētē, int. calling attention. Ete ! nekeneke atu kia watea.

Ete, v.i. Thicken in cooking. ‖ eke.

whakaete, v.t. Force one's way, etc., press through a crowd. Ka whakaetea he nohoanga mona.—Kei hea ou tuakana, ou teina hei whakaete nohoanga ? (M. 189). Mate atu he tete kura, whakaete mai he tete kura (P.).

Etehi = etahi. Te rongo etehi, wehea ake etehi (T. 5).

Eti, v.i. Shrink, recoil. Ka eti toku kiri i konei.

etieti, a. Disgusting. ‖ wetiweti.

whakaetieti, v.t. Loathe. E noho koe i uta na kia whakaetietia koe e te tangata (W.W. 48).

Etia. 1. ad. As it were, as if. Etia he waha tangata (T. 116). Etia ano aku mata me te mata ruru e tiwai ana (S. ii, 73).

2. Perhaps. Etia kei te moe koe.

3. int. How great! Etia tonu tou humarire ! (T. 164).

Eto, a. Lean, attenuated.

whakaeto, v.t. Evaporate.

Etokohinu = ehinu. Some, used only when speaking of persons.

Euē, int. = aue.

Ewa.——

whakaewa, whakaewaewa, n. 1. Strips of reddish-yellow flax used to ornament some forms of cloak.

2. A cloak so ornamented. = mangaeka.

Ewarangi.——

whakaewarangi, n. An ornamented cloak. Uhia au te whakaewarangi (M.M. 77). ‖ whakaewa.

Ewe, n. 1. Placenta, or afterbirth. Ka tanumia te ewe, kiia iho te wahi i tapukea ai ko Te-ewe-o-Tuwhakairiora (J. xx, 18).

2. Land of one's birth.

3. Mother.

4. Womb. (Tu.)

eweewe, n. Blood relative.

Eweewerau, n. Some portion of the afterbirth. = kawekawerau.

Ewekuri, n. Paratrophis banksii, a tree. = turepo.

H, consonant, is pronounced as in English. In the case of a few words the presence of the h does not seem firmly established, while in some words forms are in use with wh for the usual h. With the Whanganui tribe, and some of their neighbours, h is almost entirely wanting, its place being often marked by a break in the word. s of other Polynesian dialects is generally represented by h in New Zealand, and f very frequently so.

Hā. 1. n. Breath.

2. Taste, flavour, odour. I te kainga a Toi, ka nanawe te reka ki tona kaki, me te mau ano te ha o te kakara ki te waha.

3. Sound, tone of voice. E rangona kautia ana te ha o te reo tangata.

4. Tenor of a speech. Mahue kau te ha o te korero a Maui haere ana ia ki te mate.—Kia whakarongo tonu mai koutou ki te ha o taku kupu atu ki a koutou.

5. v.t. Taste. Ha ana te waha i taua kai (Ha. 19).

6. v.i. Breathe. E mate au, mau e ha to waha ki taku taringa maui (W. iv, 90).

7. Hesitate in speaking. Ha noa te waha o te tangata ra, e !

whakahā, v.i. Breathe, emit breath.

hāhā. 1. a. Savoury, luscious. Ka kitea e ia te wai ka unu ia, ka ki, “Hāhā marika te reka o te wai nei.”

2. Desolate, deserted. Haha te whenua, kahore he tangata.

3. Leaning, inclined. Kia haha nga tara o te whare. ‖ Tah. haha.

4. v.i. Catch the breath, breathe with difficulty.

5. v.t. Warn off by shouting. Ka hāhāria mai e te katoa (T. 51).

whakahāhā, v.i. 1. Utter inarticulate sounds. Ka whakahāhā noa iho i te hiamoe.

2. Murmur, as the sea. Ka whakahaha mai te tai i waho, he aio; ka whakatapotu te tai, he tohu hau.

Ha (i), int. What! varying in signification according to the tone in which it is uttered. Ha ! he matau ano ra taku (T. 21). Ha ! i haere mai nei hoki au ki te kawe wai mau (T. 169).

Ha (ii), ad. Then, so. Ka rongo ha ki a Kiki (T. 172). E kore ha e marere mai (T. 186). He mate kai ha ne, i hoki wawe ai koutou ? (T. 194).

Hae, hahae. 1. v.t. Slit, lacerate, tear, cut. Haea mai ra ki te mere tuatini (M. 34). To mata i haea ki te uhi matarau (M. 28).

2. Cherish envy, jealousy, or ill feeling. He whakatauki na Tuwhenuakura, “Ahakoa kai tahi, tera a roto te hahae ke ra” (P.). He aha koe ka hae nei ki te utu o tera tangata ?

3. Cause pain. Aha kei taku ate e hahae nei he mamae ra (M. 419). Kaore hoki e te pawera e hahae nei (M. cviii).

4. v.i. Split. Ka hae te wahine i te kata (W. ii, 8).

5. Appear, shine, as stars before dawn, or the dawn itself. Ka hahae Matariki, e, Puanga, Tautoru (M. 401). Te ata ka haea i runga o Tongariro (M. 153). No te taenga ki Tapuae, ka hahae nga kawainga o te ata.

6. Gleam, be conspicuous. Kia toru nga ahua (colours), kaore e pai te rua, kaore e hae, ara kaore e wana te titiro atu. (Nearly always so used of colours in combination).

7. n. Fear, envy, dislike. Te hia ora o nga tangata noho i roto, i te hae mai o te ngarara nei.

8. Pollen of flowers.

haehae, 1. v.t. Lacerate. He tangi haehae, a wailing in which the mourners gashed themselves.

2. Cut up. Tahuri, haehae te ika nei (T. 152).

3. Tear. He ika haehae kupenga (T. 200).

4. n. Parallel grooves between lines of dog-tooth pattern in carving.

whakahaehae. 1. v.t. Lacerate.

2. n. Offensive object or person, goblin. Romia atu te whakahaehae na (Choke that objectionable person).

3. Glow at dawn.

Haeata, n. 1. Dawn. Ra te haeata ka hapainga mai (M. 122). ‖ hae, 5.

2. Bright arch in the horizon when the sky is overcast.

3. Beam of light, entering any dark place. Kei puta mai hoki te haeata o te awatea ki roto i te whare (T. 13).

haeatatanga, n. Opening, chink, through which a beam of light comes. Ka titiro atu i te haeatatanga o te whatitoka (T. 13).

Haehae. ‖ hae.

Haekaro, n. Pittosporum umbellatum, a small tree.

Haemanga, n. Streamlet. E huna ana i roto i nga haemanga o nga hukitau o nga wai (J. xx, 24).

Haemata. 1. v.t. Cut up in an uncooked state. Ka patua nga kuri e rua, kotahi i taona, kotahi i haematatia (T. 112).

2. a. Strong-growing. Ka riro i a ia taku totara haemata (M. 341; J. xiii, 21).

Haeoratu, a. High-pitched, of a roof (Tu.).

Haepapa. 1. a. Straight, correct. E hoa ! Katahi ano ka haepapa nga korero o nehera e whakaaturia nei e au ki a koe.—Kua haepapa te korero, kua rite (All the speakers agreed thoroughly).—Kia hinga haepapa (Let it fall straight, in direction required).

2. v.t. Eradicate, annihilate. Ko te hae-papatanga tenei o nga tangata o Hauraki, … na reira te whakatauki nei … “Ka haepapa te whenua.” Ko nga tangata nona te kainga kua kore (W. iv, 44).

Haeparangi, v.i. Pass at a distance, remain distant.

Haere (i). 1. v.i. Come, go, depart. Ka haere raua ki roto ki te whare (T. 43). Ka haere mai a Aotea ki te ra huru (T. 112). Ka haere atu te kai-titiro (T. 142). Haere mai ! Welcome ! Haere mai ra, e te manuhiri tuarangi (T. 148). Haere ra ! Farewell ! (said to the person going). Ka whaia ratou e te tangata whenua … poroporoaki ai, “Haere ra, haere ra, hoki atu ra ki tou kainga” (T. 170).

2. Become. Ka haere ka momohangatia te manu (Birds are becoming scarce).

3. Be diffused. Tena rawa te tiere te haere na, ara, te kakara o te tawhiri (T. 193).

4. With words denoting number, size, etc., to indicate progressive change. I reira ka nui haere te maramatanga (Thereupon the light increased) (M. v). Ka hoki haere te pupuhitanga o tona poho (The distention of her stomach decreased) (W. i, 101). Koia ka maha haere ai ona hihi (So his beams were multiplied) (T. 29). So also with kake, piki, heke, iti.

5. Adverbially. Ko te kumara ka horo haere i te huarahi (The kumaras kept falling on the path as he went) (T. 136). Ka titiro haere i nga kainga katoa (He searched all the villages as he went) (T. 184).

6. n. Travelling party. Kia rahi te haere, kei mahue tetahi (T. 189).

haerea, pass. Be gone over or for. Te whenua e haerea ana e Te Ponga ma (The ground which was being traversed by Te Ponga and his party) (T. 171). Koia tenei ko te tangata e haerea nei e taua (So this is the man on account of whom we have come) (T. 147).

whakahaere, v.t. 1. Cause to go.

2. Carry about. Kei te whakahaere a Puru i tana tamaiti.

3. Conduct, lead.

4. Conduct any business, execute. Ka whakatika nga rangatira ki runga ki te korero i te maia, i te ata whakahaere (T. 150). So whakahaere tikanga, direct, superintend, govern.

5. Search for, explore, go about to examine. Apopo matou haere ai ki te whakahaere kiekie.

hāereere, v.i. Stroll, wander about, meander. Ki te puta atu te tangata o te iwi ke ki te haereere i taua ara (T. 156).

whakahaereere, v.t. Conduct, lead about. Mana pea koe e whakahaereere atu nga whanga e rau o Tauranga (M. 63).

Haere (ii), n. A spirit supposed to reside in fragmentary rainbows on detached clouds. ‖ Wai. 21, 26.

Haeroa, a. —— Ka keria te rua haeroa, te rua o te ngana (T. 86). The rua haeroa was a hole dug in the ground in connection with incantations against one's enemies; called also rua tūpō.

Haetara, a. Exciting envy, admired. Taku kaka haetara, i te iwi ra ia (M. 124).

Hāhā. ‖ hā.

Haha, v.t. 1. Seek, look for. Kei te haha te tuakana o te wahine nei (T. 139). E haha ana au ki taku toki.

2. Search. Ka haha a Tutanekai i nga pareparenga o te waiariki (T. 133).

3. Enquire about. Ko te haha ra a te tangata ki a Paoa (T. 190).

4. Procure. I haria mai taua here e raua hei haha kai ma raua (T. 137).

Hahae. ‖ hae.

Hahaka. ‖ haka (i).

Hahake. ‖ hake (iii).

Hahaki, a. Ostentatious, vain.

whakahahaki, v.t. Point out, indicate, draw attention to. Ka mauria mai nga tapatahi inanga ma tona hungawai, ma Kahu, hei whakahahaki, kia mohio ai ia he kai kei roto i taua moana.

Hahana. ‖ hana.

Hahani. ‖ hani.

Hahao. ‖ hao.

Hahari. ‖ hari.

Hāhau. ‖ hau (ii).

Hahau. ‖ hau (vii).

Hahohaho, a. 1. Disarranged, disordered, rumpled.

2. Slimy.

Hahore. a. 1. Barren, of land.

2. Bare, without branches (J. iii, 27).

Hahu, v.t. 1. Disinter the bones of the dead before removing them to their final resting place. Ma wai e hahu te tupapaku ?

2. Search for. A hahu noa ana ia i tetahi kai ma tona puku. ‖ hāhau.

3. Scatter. ‖ tihahuhahu.

Hahuki, n. Kumara pit (Ngi.).

Hai (i), n. The name of the principal stone in the game of ruru (Tr. xxxiv, 67).

Hai (ii), a poetical expletive used at the end of a line. Ka tere te waka, hai (M. 378). Te marama i whanake aku tama, hai (M. 375).

Hai (iii) = hei (i), prep. Ko wai hai titiro? (M. 50). Ka tu au hai rahui tapu ki te whana (M. 417).

'Hai (poetical) = kihai, ad. Not. 'Hai koe i awaiho (M. xcvii). 'Hai koe i whangaia (M. xcviii).

Haihunga = hauhunga, n. Frost.

Haipu, v.t. Place in a heap. Ka haiputia te rarauhe. = haupu (Po.).

Haitutu, a. Close, oppressive, of atmosphere.

Hāka, n. Erigeron canadensis, American groundsel. (mod.)

Hakā = hekē, int. expressing surprise, complaint, admiration, etc.

Haka (i). 1. v.i. Dance. Ka mea atu taua hunga, “E haka!” (T. 65).

2. Sing a song to be accompanied with a dance. Katahi ka haka e ratou, koia tenei ta ratou haka (T. 37).

3. n. Dance. E tu ana te haka, he tohu whenua rangatira te haka (T. 188.) Te haka a Tane-rore, the quivering of the air on a hot day.

4. Song, accompanying a dance. Ka ai he oneone mahi kai ma te wahine tito haka (M. 413).

hahaka, frequentative of haka. Au ka titoi, au ka hahaka (M. 359). He hahaka nou, he ruhi nou i te pukanatanga (W. iv, 119).

Haka (ii), a. Deformed. Turi haka, or wae haka, bow-legged. ‖ hake.

whakahaka, v.t. Lower. Whakahaka te rangi i runga nei ko te po kua tapu (W. iii, 95).

hakahaka, (iii), a. Short in stature, low. He maunga hakahaka.—Tiketike ngahuru, hakahaka raumati (P.).—Taku manu hakahaka ki tua o Papaura (W.M. ix, 6).

whakahakahaka, v. Descend upon, threaten. Ka whakahakahaka iho nga manu ra, ka piki ano ki runga nga manu ra.

Hakakao, n. Limosa lapponica baueri, bartailed godwit. = kuaka.

Hākari. 1. n. Gift, present.

2. Entertainment, feast. Ka tukua te hakari a nga iwi a Tuhuke (W. v, 23).

3. High wooden framework on which food was placed at a feast (Tr. xiii, 13).

4. Roe of a fish.

5. Yolk of an egg.

6. Paphia intermedia and Dosinia subrosea, bivalve molluscs.

7. v.t. Adorn, dress the hair. Kia hakaritia te mahunga, katahi ka tau tena ingoa Te Koukou.—Katahi ka tahuri te tangata ra, a Kahu, ki te hakari i tana tamahine.

whakahakari, v.i. Become roe. Koia ano tenei e whakahakari nei i roto i te mango (I. 34).

Hākaro, v.t. Hollow. Kua hakaroa te riu o te waka. ‖ tikaro.

Hākawa, n. Silly person, fool.

Hake (i), a. Humped, crooked. He hake te tuara o te tamaiti.—E tama, whakarerea te rakau na, he hake.

Hake (iii). a. unseemly, unbecoming.

hahake, a. Naked, bare.

whakahahake. 1. v.t. Pull the clothes off. Nga tikanga taua a te Maori whakahahake tangata nei (W.M. x, 200). Ka mate te matua ka whakahahaketia…. Ka mutu te whakahahake, ka whakapepeketia nga wae-wae. (Describing the treatment of a corpse.)

2. v.i. Stand naked.

Hake (iii), n. Wooden bowl or trough.

hakehake, n. A vessel made by cutting a gourd; not so large as pararaha.

Hakehakeā, a. Facing one, opposite. Mano ki Hawaiki, ka tu hakehakea. ‖ hakehake.

Hakeka = keka, hakeke, n. Auricularia auricula-judea, Jew's ear fungus. = hakeke, hākekakeka, n. 1. = hakeka.

2. A brown, slimy, moss-like growth in stagnant or slow-running water. = kohuwai.

Hakeke, hākēkeke, n. 1. Auricularia auricula-judea, Jew's ear fungus. He hakekeke piri ki te karaka (M. 141). He hakekeke pea, he harore pea (Mo. 44). = hakeka, hōkeke keka, and taringa o Tiakiwai.

2. Olearia ilicifolia, a shrub. (Tahu.)

3. Puffinus griseus, mutton-bird. = titi.

4. Used of great disparity in age between man and wife and vice versa. E tama he hakeke koe ki te moe kuia. ‖ kopepa.

Hākere. 1. a Stingy.

2. v.t. Grudge, stint, appropriate to oneself. Kia hou taketake to ringa parapara, i hakerea ai te mano o te whenua (M. 129).

hakerekere. 1. a. Gloomy, downcast. Hakerekere ana te hinengaro.

2. Close-cropped, of hair.

3. n. Multitude. Kia kai te tini, kia kai te mano, kia kai te hakerekere (K.).

Hāki, n. Ripple. Whakarongo te taringa nga tai e haki (S.).

Haki (i), int. expressing disgust, reviling, often used with ra. Haki ra, te kino o tera kotiro.

Haki (ii). 1. a. Meek, of no account. ‖ māhaki.

2. v.t. Cast away. Te tauaro hakina ki waho ki te uraura o te ra. ‖ kahaki.

Hakihaki, n. 1. Itch, skin disease. No reira te putake mai o te whewhe, o te hakihaki (J. xvi, 221.). ‖ mahaki.

2. Worn-out mat.

Hakihakiā, a. Worthless.

Haki-haratua, n. The twelfth lunar month. = Haratua (ii).

Hakihea, n. The seventh lunar month.

Hakikau, n. Wing. Maro tonu ona hakikau (M. 32). ‖ pakikau.

Hākiki. 1. v.i. Be overbearing. Ka hakiki noa te tangata nei.

2. a Insulting, offensive. Paki atu, e whae, aku rongo hakiki (M. 7).

3. Lazy. He pakihore ki te whatu haku mo te wahine, he hakurara ki te hanga whare ki te mahi kai ki te tarai waka; he hakiki tena.

Hakikoko, n. Shoulder-blade.

Hākinakina, v.i. Sport, enjoy oneself. E Hoka, tukua iho taua nei ki raro nei hakinakina ai (W. ii, 21).

Hakinono, n. A variety of kumara. = nonomea.

Hakirara = hakurara. 1. a. Idling, trifling, lying. Te waha hakirara!

2. v.t. Annoy, insult. A muri iho ka tahuri taua koroheke ki te hakirara i a ia (Pi. 133, 11).

3. n. A light song, not a tangi or tau (M., title).

Hakiri. 1. v.t. Hear indistinctly. Kahore i hakiritia e au te reo o te tangata.

2. v.i. Be heard or felt indistinctly. I hakiri ano i a au taua korero.—Katahi ano ka rongo ki te hakiri ika ki tana aho (T. 117).

hākirikiri, a. Vague. I rongo hakirikiri au i eke mai a Ruauru i runga i tera waka, i a Mata-atua.

Hakituri = hakuturi.

Hākiwakiwa, a. Dark, threatening, of clouds.

Hako (i), n. Anything used as a scoop or shovel. ‖ hango.

hakohako, a. Heaped up. Taki hakohako nga kete ka kohure. (R.).

Hako (ii), a. Straight, erect. ‖ Sa., Fu., To., sako, hako.

whakahako, v.i. Bedeck oneself. Kai te whakahako a Puna.—He whakahako no tona tu, he pai tona tikanga.

hakohako, a. Direct, unswerving, of even flight of birds, etc.

Hākoakoa (i), a Happy. ‖ koa.

Hakoakoa (ii) = hakuakua, n.

1. Puffinus gavia gavia, fluttering shearwater. = pakaha.

2. Catharacta antarctia lonnbergi, southern skua. I nga pari ra, i nga piringa hakoakoa (M. 108).

Hākoke. 1. a. Vagrant, wandering. He tangata hakoke.

2. v.i. Wander. Kei whea ranei a Mari e hakoke ana? ‖ pakoke.

Hakoke, n. Sceloglaux albifacies, laughing owl.

Me te pari hakoke, said of a steep or stony cultivation (Tr. xli, 231). = whekau (ii).

Hakoko. 1. a. Bent, concave, curved. Ka hakoko te ringa o te tangata ra i tona mate.—Taranaki waewae hakoko (P.). (A saying applied to the Taranaki tribe on account of their practice of witchcraft.)

2. n. Cramp.

3. Mutton-bird, a large species of puffin.

Hakorā, n. Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus, red-billed gull. = tarapunga (Tu.).

Hakono, n. Cleft in a rock.

Hakorea, a. 1. Indolent, lazy.

2. Unskilful. He hakorea ra au nei, kaore au e mohio ki te raranga whariki.

Hākorekore = whakorekore. ‖ kore (i).

Hakori, v.i. Be seen or understood. = whekori.

Hākoro, n. 1. Old man.

2. Father. Kahore ia i matau ko tona hakoro ia (Tr. vii, 34).

3. Parent. Ka korero nga tamariki kia patua a ratou hakoro (Tr. vii, 33).

Hākorukoru, n. Wrinkle.

hakorukorutia, pass. Wrinkled. Kua hakorukorutia a Pinohi.

Haku (i). 1. v.t. Complain of, find fault with. Te ai e tatou te haku ki tona matenga.—E kui ma nei, auraka au e hakua.—He po taua, tena e hoki kei tua o Manuka, i hakua hei aha te uri o Te Tahiwi? (M. 227).

2. n. Cold, colic.

hakuhaku. 1. v.t. Grumble at, annoy, tease. E kauaka ra nge an nei e hakuhakua (M. 140). Ka whakaae atu matou, e pai ana korua ko to tuahine, kaore a matou hakuhaku atu.

2. a. Mouldy, rotten.

Haku (ii), n. 1. Seriola grandis, kingfish. Kitea he ānga na te haku (P.).

2. Chief. Koia nga haku, koia ki te rangi, koia ki te kapua. ‖ J. ix, 190.

Hakuhakutai, v.i. Act in a lazy, slovenly manner. Kua hakuhakutai tera tangata.

Hākuai = hokioi, hakuwai, n. Ka tukua iho e Tamaiwaho te hakuai hei whakaoho i a Tawhaki.

Hakuakua. ‖ hakoakoa (ii).

Hākui, n. 1. Old woman.

2. Mother. Ka hoki mai a Tane, ka tae mai ki te kainga o tona hakui (Tr. vii, 36).

Hākuikui, n. A sea bird. Koia te hakuikui, koia te hakoakoa. ? = kuia.

Hākuku. 1. v.t. Scrape. Hakukua te korari nei. ‖ harakuku, tuakuku.

2. n. Scrapings of flax.

Hakune, v.i. Be deliberate, be careful. Hakune marie ai, kaore e hohoro.

whakahakune, v.i. Linger. Me ko hea to whare i whakahakune ai? (M. 161).

Hakurā, n. 1. Mesoplodon spp., Scamperdown whale. I te tohora, i te hakura i te upokohue (W. iii, 25).

2. Polyprion oxygeneios, a fish, the groper or large hapuku. Ka makaia mai ko nga ika pakupaku ma ratou, katahi ka murua nga hakura o nga waka.

Hakurara = hakirara, a. Slovenly, lazy. He hakurara ia ki te hanga whare.

Hākure = whakure, v.t. 1. Catch lice. Ko te wahine a Toi e hakure kutu ana.

2. Search the head for lice. Ka ki atu a Maui, “Hakurea toku upoko” (Tr. vii, 40).

Ka ki atu a Tinirau kia Hine-te-iwaiwa, “Hakuretia ake taku upoko” (W. ii, 130).

Hakurea, a. Lazy.

Hakuturi = hakituri, n. 1. A term applied to birds in the expression Te tini o te Hakuturi (T. 55).

2. A figurative expression for an old man.

Hākuwai = hakuai, hokioi, n. An extinct bird, heard at night. Ka piki ano taua manu ka karanga ano a Hakuwai, “Hakuwai, Hakuwai, hu” (W. i, 116).

Hāmā, a. 1. Faded.

2. Light-coloured. ‖ mā.

Hama, v.i. Be consumed. Kua hama te kai i te poaka.

Hāmama. 1. a. Open, gaping. Ko te taniwha, kua hamama haere mai te waha (T. 151). Pae tahi hamama te rakau nei (This tree is more than one fathom is circumference; lit., one fathom gaping—the fathom being measured by the extended arms). Hamama tou waha (Open your mouth).

2. Vacant, exempt. Kei hea te wahi o te ao i hamama i te raru?

3. v.i. Shout. I reira ka hamama te waha o te kuia raka ki te ki atu ki a ia (T. 165). hāmamamama, v.i. Yawn.

Hamanga = hemanga, a. Not full. He hamanga te kete.

Hāmaremare, vi. Have a slight cough. ‖ maremare.

Hamaruru. 1. a. Shut in, confined. I ahua kino te tunga o te whare nei i Takopa, he hamaruru.

2. Projecting, sticking out.

3. n. Crutch of a ko, or digging implement.

Hāmeme, v.i. 1. Mutter. E hameme ana te turoro.

2. Murmur, grumble.

Hamero.—— ‖ Mero.

whakahamero, v.i. Make grimaces.

Hamiti = hamuti.

Hamo, n. 1. A variety of kumara.

2. Back of head. Kēkē kau ana te parera, e rua o kanohi, timo ana i to hamo, pao ana i to rae. = kohamo. Hamo pango, black head (i.e., head turned in flight), coward.

Hāmoamoa, n. 1. Clay.

2. Small spherical stones consisting of iron pyrites, which were used as bullets by Maoris in the war of 1865.

Hāmoemoe. 1. a. Sleepy.

2. v.i. Doze. He hamoemoe noa i te ra (W.M. viii, 12).

Hāmoko, n. Bundles of raupo forming the walls of a Maori building.

Hāmonemone = hamoremore.

Hamore, a. Cropped, shorn, bare.

hāmoremore, a. Bare of branches, smooth-barrelled, of a tree.

Hamu, v.t. Gather things that are thinly scattered, glean. Ka ongeonge nga kai ka hamu ai i nga puka.—Ka ori i te whare ki te hamu rarauhe (S. 47).

hamuhamu, v.i. Eat scraps of food. Ka hemo i te kai, ka haere ki nga pae o nga umu ra, hamuhamu ai (Pi. 135, 3).

Hāmua, n. 1. A variety of native rat seldom eaten, its cry, kato, was an ill omen. Mo matou i noho me he hamua kiore i Maupaki (W. v. 116).

2. Elder brother or sister. Ko te whenua i poroporoakina e to tupuna ki a maua ko toku hamua. = tuakana.

Hamumu, v.i. Speak. Kihai hoki i hamumu atu te wahine ra (T. 164).

hāmumumumu, v.i. Mutter, make an indistinct sound. Te mea e hamumumumu nei, me te waha tangata.

Hamurara. —— Te hamurara ra noa i uta ra (K.).

Hāmure. 1. v.i. Do anything a little at a time, dawdle.

2. a. Dilatory.

3. v.t. Catch vermin in the hair. (Ngi.) = hapaki, hakure.

Hamuti, n. 1. Human excrement.

2. Privy. He poporo tu ki te hamuti (P. 25).

Hana, hahana. 1. v.i. Shine, glow, give forth heat. Kua mate a Waikare, ina hoki te hahana o te kanohi o te tangata nei (Wai. 44).

2. n. Flame, gleam, glow. Tineia te mura, tineia te hana (K.).

3. A garment of dressed flax smeared with red ochre. E kore ranei a Te Mui e whiwhi mai i tona nei hana? (M. 200).

whakahana, v.t. Hold up weapons, etc., in defiance. Ka whakahana i nga patu, me te pukana.

hanahana, n. 1. A cloak. = hana, 3.

2. Pudenda muliebria (T. 37).

Hane. 1. v.i. Be confounded, be silenced, be put to shame. Kei hane koe (M. 283).

2. a. Rotten. Tana whare koiwi, koiwi ka hanea i te po (M. 248).

3. n. Water.

hanehane, n. Decay, rottenness. Anana, ma te huhu, ma te popo, ma te hanehane (T. 5).

Hānea, n. 1. A small black mussel.

2. Rorippa islandica, a plant.

Hāneanea, a. Pleasant, comfortable. I reira maua e haneanea ana i te ua.—Ka kai, ka haneanea, ka ki te kopu.

Hānene, a. Blowing gently. I ata hanene te haere mai o te hau ra. = anene.

Hanepī, a. Confounded, dumbfounded. = hane.

Hani (i), a. A carved wooden weapon, used mainly by chiefs. Katahi ano te ringa o Whakatau ka kapo ki tana rakau, ki te hani (W. ii, 148). = maipi, taiaha.

Hani (ii), hahani, hanihani, v.t. Speak ill of, disparage. Kati ra te hanihani i tou hoa.—Aku rongo hanihani ka puta i nga whenua (M. 204). No tenei tau ka hua nga hanihani ki runga ki a koe (W.M. xiii, 96). Na ka rongo te wahine nei i tona hahanitanga, ka kohukohutia a Ngati Awa.

Hani (iii), v.t. Graze, pass close by. ‖ wani.

Hanikura, hanikura-patu, n. Macomona liliana, a small bivalve shellfish with a thin red shell.

Hanina, n. A variety of taro.

Hanu, n. Oven. = hangi. ‖ kaihanu.

Hanumi, v.i. Be merged or swallowed up, be mixed. He pai taua pounamu, he ma etahi wahi, he kakariki etahi wahi hanumi haere ai.

whakahanumi, v.t. Mix, cause to be swallowed up. ‖ numi.

Hānga. ‖ hā, 6.

Hanga. 1. v.t. Make, build. Heoi ano nga tohunga nana i hanga nga waka (T. 69). Kei te hanga i te taiepa oneone (T. 19).

2. Fashion. Na toku tupuna au, na Rongotakawiu i hanga ka whakatupu tangata au (T. 57).

3. n. Work, fabric.

4. Business. He maha nga karakia mo te tarukenga, mo tenei hanga mo te kanga (T. 89).

5. Practice, habit. Ko tana hanga he korero tonu.

6. Thing, property. Tena ko te hanga i wehingia nei ko nga tuatara (T. 159).

Ehara i te hanga, it is no ordinary thing. (An expression of admiration, etc.) Ehara i te hanga! Harawiniwini ana te kiri i te mataotao. So, also, Kihai i hanga ake tana wahine, he rangatira nui no tenei whenua (T. 196).

Hanga kino, pudenda muliebria.

7. People. Hei whakawehi mo te hanga i raro nei (M. 38). = hunga.

8. Head, of a tree.

hangahanga, a. 1. Frivolous, of no account. Hua noa he hangahanga noa nga korero a tera, kaore, he tika tou ia.

2. Abundant, sufficient.

3. Short, low, Ka hangahanga te tupu o te kapana. = hakahaka.

4. v. Fashion, work upon. akuanei au ka hangahanga atu.

whakahangahanga, v.t. Handle gently. He mea whakahangahanga noa; nana noa i mate.

Hāngai, a. 1. Opposite, confronting. Kia hangai mai tou kanohi.—I korerotia hangaitia ki a ia (It was spoken to his face).

2. Across, at right angles, astride. Hangai pu nga waewae. He toki hangai, an adze. = he toki aronui. ‖ Bul. iv, 18, 19, 20.

hangaitanga, n. Counterpart, equivalent. Ko te hangaitanga o tana kupu he pai.

Hanganoa. 1. a. Of no account.

2. n. Small basket for serving cooked food, roughly made of wide strips of green flax, hence its name. ‖ hanga, noa.

Hangarau, v.t. Jest with, befool. He aha tau i hangarau i a au? (T. 18).

hangahangarau, frequentative. 1. v.t. Continue to befool. E waiho ana koe hei hangahangarau maku (M. 269).

2. a. Full of wiles. Maui hangahangarau (M. 297).

Hangareka, v.i. or v.t. Jest, deceive. He hangareka kau te mahi a tenei tangata.

Hangaroa, n. 1. Some kind of sea-shells which were strung together and worn as an ornament round the neck, waist, or ankle. Ko etahi taonga ano o te Maori he tiki ki te kaki, he kuru, he kapeu ki nga taringa, he hangaroa ki nga waewae, me te tu hangaroa ano ki te hope, me te maro waero ano.

2. Also applied to ornamented belts or anklets of other materials.

Hangariki, a. Small. = matariki.

Hangaruru, n. Forest land, dense brushwood. ‖ hamaruru, ngaruru.

Hangatītī, v.t. Tease.

Hangehange (i), intensive ad. used with maroke, maroke hangehange, very dry, quite dry. Maroke hangehange te waka i runga i te kowhatu.

Hangehange (ii), n. 1. Geniostoma ligustrifolium, a shrub. = hengahenga, papa.

2. Elaeocarpus dentatus, a tree. = hinau.

Hāngengangenga, a. Loose, flapping. Kaore e herea kia tino mau, engari kia hangengangenga noa iho.

Hangenge (i), a. Powerless, weak. = ngenge.

Hangenge (ii), n. Hemirhamphus intermedius, garfish. = takeke, ihe.

Hangere. 1. a. Half full. He hangere tenei kete. ‖ tangere, takere.

2. n. Deep pool in a stream.

Hāngi, n. 1. Native oven, consisting of a circular hole in the ground, in which the food was cooked by heated stones. Ka tahuna te hangi tapu, ka ngiha (T. 172).

2. Contents of the oven. Koia a Tamure i mea ai ma tana kotiro e kai taua hangi (T. 173).

3. Scarf, cut, or dip made in felling a tree. = umu.

Hangina, a. Ulcerated. He hangina te u o te wahine nei.

Hango, n. Shovel. = hako (i).

hangohango. 1. n. An implement for digging, and for setting potatoes, etc.

2. v.t. Dig or plant with a hangohango.

Kei te hangohango riwai nga tangata o tenei kainga.

Hāngoangoa, n. A plant.

Hangongi, a. Unripe, green.

Hangore, a. 1. Flexible, yielding, not firmly fixed. Hangore ana nga niho o te hakui nei. ‖ ngore.

2. More than half full. E hangore and te kete i te kumara.

Hangoro, hāngorongoro, a. Slack, loose. Hangoro noa taku pikau. ‖ korokoro.

Hāngorungoru, a. Hanging in folds, wrinkled. ‖ korukoru.

Hāngū (i), a. Dumb, quiet, not talkative. He wahine hangu.—E kore taku tane a Ponga raua ko tana iwi e noho hangu, ka whai kupu ano ratou (W. iv, 47). ‖ wahangu.

Hāngū (ii), hāngungu, v.t. Scrape strips of flax (as hukahuka) with a shell, to make it softer, more pliable, but not so as to disengage the fibre. He mea hangungu te harakeke ki te kuku, a ka raranga.—Kai te hāngū harakeke a Makurata. ‖ hākuku.

Hanguru, a. Rumble, grumble.

hangurunguru, n. Grumbling. Kua taka mai te wa hei whakamahuetanga mo nga hangurunguru, mo nga whakangaungau. (W.M. ii, 2).

Hangutu, n. Labia.

Hao. 1. v.t. Draw a net, etc., round anything. He hokinga mai no nga waka o tona iwi i te hao kupenga ika (T. 141). ‖ whao, kowhao.

2. Catch in a net, enclose. Kei te hao inanga, kei te rou kakahi hei o ki te taiapu (T. 157). Haoa koe te kupenga (M. 369). Ka pu te ruha, ka hao te rangatahi (P.).

3. Make a clean sweep of anything. Tawhiti hao, a rat trap having several entrances.

4. Capture a fortress.

5. Grasp greedily.

6. Be eager for, consider carefully. Kia ngata ai to puku, e hao nei ki te riri (M. 14)

7. Steer to starboard a canoe, the opposite to tirau.

8. n. Net. Hao-o-Rua, a constellation near Orion. Ko taua kupenga kai te takiwa o Te Kakau ma. Ko te ingoa o taua kupenga ko te Hao-o-Rua. (Te Kakau is Orion's belt.)

9. Basket. Tu pupu, tu ngaro; tu hao, tu ea (A portion [of food] in a little bundle is a portion lost, a portion in a basket is a portion to be repaid) (P.). Katahi ano ka ruku, ka mahi te tangata ra a ka ki te hao.

10. A curved kind of mutu kaka, or parrot snare. Waewae hao, bandy-legged.

11. Anaphobis habenata and Anguilla spp., mud eels. = putu.

whakahao. 1. v.t. Use as a net. Kupenga taratara i whakahaoa iho.

2. n. Arctocephalus hookeri, sea-lion. Te hoa kakari o Te Wera, he whakahao (P.; Ika ii, 605). = kekeno, ‖ poutoko, kautakoa, kaka.

hahao, a. Hollow

haohao, n. 1. Small basket for seed potatoes.

2. Defamation. Kaore te korero kino, te haohao nunui (M. 204).

3. Finger, especially on carved figures.

Hapa (i). 1. v.i. Be passed over in the apportionment of anything. Koia nei te whakatauki mo Paeko i nga wa e hapa ai te tangata i te hakari (W. v, 23).

2. Be in need of anything.

3. a. Gone by. Ka hapa koe ki Ruatahuna ka puta mai nga pukapuka mou.

whakahapa, v.t. Leave destitute or neglected.

Hapa (ii), a. Crooked. ‖ tahapa.

Hāpai. 1. v.t. Lift up, raise. Hapainga, hapainga, kia tarewa ki runga (T. 142).

2. Take up, carry. E koro, haere mai ki te hapai atu i nga toki nei (T. 51).

3. Begin a song, charm, etc., Ka hapai ake i tana hiki ake mo tana ika kia maiangi ake (T. 22).

4. In the pass., hapainga. Set out on a journey, i.e., loads are taken up. Hauki kau te ata, ka hapainga mai (T. 157). So used as a v.i.: Ka hapainga taua ope (W. iv, 41).

5. v.i. Rise of heavenly bodies. Ka hapai nga kawainga o te ata.

6. Dawn. Ra te haeata hapai ana mai (M. 122).

7. n. Leading party, advance guard.

8. Dawn, morning. Tutohu ahiahi, whakarere hapai (Accept at night, reject in the morning) (P.).

hapahapai, frequentative, v.t. Lift often. Tena e te hanga e, nga ringa hei hapahapai atu mou i a Rangimaro, e (M. 332).

Hāpai-tu, v.t. Make a clearing by removing all timber, not leaving it to be burned. Ko taua wahi he hapai-tu na nehera.

Hāpaki, v.t. Catch lice. Hapaki ana te taokete i nga kutu o Maui (T. 26).

Hāpapa, n. Heap of stones.

Hāpara. 1. v.t. Slit, cut. Na Rehua i hapara te whare.—I haparaia tonutia tona waewae.

2. v.i. Dawn. Ka hapara te ata.

3. n. Spade. (mod.) More recently also used as a transliteration for shovel.

4. Dawn. Tutohu ahiahi, whakarere hapara (P.). E muri ahiahi whanake te hapara (S.).

hāparapara, v.t. Cut, sever. Herehere kau ana te taura ki a koutou, kihai i haparapara, kia kai atu Tahuna (M. 228).

Hāparangi. 1. v.i. Shout, bawl. Kahaparangi te waha o te tamariki.

2. v.t. Cut open. He ika ka toe toea, he ika ka haparangitia (J. ix, 188).

Hāparu, v.t. Make common, desecrate. Ka haparua aku mea e koe.

Hape, a. 1. Crooked. I mohiotia kia te hape o te waewae (T. 113).

2. Beside the point. Kahore i hape o korero; kei te tika o korero.

Hapī, n. Native oven or cooking pit. = Hāngi, hopī, tapī. Hapī-tawa, name of a game played by children.

Hāpiapia, a. Sticky, clammy. ‖ pia.

Hapine, v.t. Scrape flax. = hārō.

Hapiro, n. Violation oftapu by eating at a sacred place. He aha koe i mate ai ? He hapiro.

Hapoki, hapoko, n. Covered pit for storing kumara or potatoes. Kia rupeke te kai ki te hapoko (T. 189).

Hapoko, a. Boggy. = tapokopoko.

Hāpopo, n. Corpse of an enemy, generally intended to be eaten.

Hapori, n. Section of a tribe, family. ‖ pori.

Hāporo, v.t. Cut off. Haporoa te rakau ki konei. Kai haporo, eat greedily.

Hapū. 1. a. Pregnant, Ka kitea te haputanga o Rangiuru (T. 128). = hapupu.

2. Conceived in the womb. Akuanei whakapaea ai na Hotunui i tahae; na e hapu ana a Marutuahu (T. 136).

3. n. Section of a large tribe, clan, secondary tribe. Wehea ake etehi, he hapu ano, he hapu ano, ko te hapu i a Tu-te-wanawana i noho i uta, ko te hapu i a Punga, i haere ki te wai (T. 5). ‖ pu.

4. Species of shark (prized as food).

Hāpua. 1. a. Hollow like a valley, depressed. Hoake tatou ki te wahi e hapua mai ra.

2. n. Pool, lagoon. Ko Muriwai-o-hata te hapua i huna ai a Tuna i a ia (W. ii, 76). Hapua koko, assembling place ofkoko, or tui.

‖ hopua, kopua.

3. Grove of trees of one species. He hapua tawa.

Hapui, a. Betrothed. ‖ puhi.

Hapuku, 1. n. Polyprion oxygeneios, a fish, the groper. Kawea ki te tai, ki te moana, ki te huti hapuku (M. 285). ‖ whapuku, kapua, moeone.

2. Larva of Cicindela tuberculata, the butcher or tiger beetle.

3. v.t. Cram food into the mouth. Katahi ka tahuri ki te kai i nga manga e tere ana i te wai, ka hapukutia ki tona waha.

hāpukupuku, n. Youngkahawai, a fish. = koria.

Hapunapuna, a. Forming a pool. Ka kitea te wahi hapunapuna te wai o roto i te awa kumara (Kah.). ‖ Hapua.

Hāpūpū, a. Blunt. He toki onewa, hapupu marire; ka pa tau he mata toki pounamu, e tu te tatai o te whakairo (P.).

Hapuru, v.i. Thud, fall heavily.

Haputa, n. Forefront of battle, thick of the fight. Kihai rawa i kitea te mata o Tamareia ki roto ki te haputa o te riri. ‖ puta.

Hara (i). 1. v.i. Violate tapa, intentionally or otherwise. Kia kite te marea i oku haranga, he ika ka koharatia i, i (W. v, 164).

2. n. Sin, offence. Kei au ranei to hara, i komuhua mai nei taua (M. 49).

Hara (ii), n. Excess above a round number. Kotahi rau, e iwa nga hara.

harahara, n. Abundance. He harahara wai nga kanohi (P. 103).

whakahara, a. Large. Te whakahara o te tangata ra.

whakaharahara. 1. Extraordinary, marvellous.

2. Intensive. Mo te whare nui whakaharahara (M. 373). He mea whakama whakaharahara tana kupu (P. 106).

Hara (iii), v.i. 1. Miss, make a false stroke.

2. Come short of. Kahore he haranga o Rewa i a Tiki.

harahara. 1. v.i. Be diminished, become less. Ka harahara nga kai i roto i te rua. ‖ taharahara.

2.—— Harahara aitu, harahara a tai (M. 40, 114); explained by a Maori as, “E wehea ana a uta a tai.”

whakaharahara, v.t. Cause to be diminished, lessen. Kia whakaharaharangia te wai o te poti.

Hara (iv), n. Cormocephalus rubriceps. A large centipede. = weri.

Hara (v), n. A stick bent at the top, used as a sign that a chief had died at the place. Ka oti enei te mahi, e hanga ana te hara, he mea koropiko a runga o nga rakau; ko te take o te hara, hei tohu mo te rangatira, ka hanga ki te taha o te ara hei tirohanga ma te tangata.

'Hara (poetical) = ehara. 'Hara koe te tane, he puhi koe naku (M.M. 30).

Harakeke, n. 1. The general name for New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax), of which there were many named varieties. Kei te tapahi i te harakeke, kei te ta kupenga (T. 7).

2. Flax plant. Tu ana a Rata i tua o te harakeke (T. 56).

Haraki, a. Preposterous, extraordinary. He haraki koe ki te kuhu i te marangai. ‖ waraki. hārakiraki, n. Inconstancy, erratic disposition. ‖ kahurakiraki, harekereke.

Harakoa, n. Dancing and other amusements. I te mutunga o te kai, me te harakoa, me nga whaikorero.—Naku koe i tuku atu i te mata raharaha, i te rehia, i te harakoa (M. 352).

Harakuku, 1. v.t. Scrape. Harakukutia nga harakeke. = hakuku.

2. Scratch with the finger-nail, an indication of amorous advances. Hei aha koa au ka harakuku (S.). ‖ haramaikuku.

Haramai. 1. v.i. Come, arrive. Ka haramai roimata, ka maringi, e (M. 377). Ko to wairua i haramai (M. 7).

2. n. Arrival. Me te patai i te putake o tona haramai, ko ia anake (J. xx, 21).

3. As a shout of welcome, Haramai ! Haramai !

4. Set out Ka kiia e ia, “Kati, ko au anake e haere.” Ka haramai ia, ko ia anake (J. xx, 19).

haramaitia, pass. Be come for. Te korero i haramaitia nei e ia (The report on account of which he came).

haramaitanga, n. Arrival, coming. E titiro atu ana ki te haramaitanga o te tonga parawera (M. 159).

Note.—Neither the simple hara nor the form haraatu seems to be in use; the use of pass. and v.n. as above establish the form as a single word.

Haramaikuku, v.t. Scratch with the finger-nail (an amorous advance). Kati nei ki ahau ko te haramaikuku ki whakangotoa iho ki te kiri mau ai (S.). ‖ harakuku, raraku.

Hāramuramu, ad. Out of the regular order, in an informal way (of taking food only). Katahi ka kai haramuramu etahi o nga rangatira ka kitea he matika i roto, he koi te mata. = koramuramu.

Haranu, a. Turbid. Ka haranu atu te wai. ‖ wheranu.

Hārangi, a. 1. Unsettled. ‖ arangi.

2. Foolish, silly. Ka harangi noa iho ona mahara. ‖ haurangi.

whakahārangi, v.t. Disturb, unsettle.

whakahārangirangi, v.t. Annoy.

Harangote, v.t. Nibble. E harangote ana te ika. harangotengote, v.t. Do piecemeal or by instalments. E kore e tika te utu me harangotengote.

Harapaki. 1. n. Steep slope, as the side of a hill.

2. Ornamental reed work inside a whare. = tukutuku.

3. v.i. Join battle. Homai taku maro, kia hurua, kia rawea, kia harapaki maua ko te toa e haramai nei (M. 221).

4. v.t. Crack vermin with the nails. = hapaki.

Harapuka. 1. v.i. Grieve, sigh. Tenei au, e, te harapuka noa nei (M. 23).

2. a. Perplexed, uncertain. Harapuka noa, harapuka noa, kei hea he ara.

Harare, n. 1. Red membrane on inside of the eyelid. Ka hararetia nga whatu (His eyelids were turned inside out). Applied also to blear eyes: Ka harare nga karu.

2. Red sealing wax. (mod.).

Haraeke = harakeke, n. Phormium tenax. Kotia mai etahi haraeke (W. i, 125).

Haratau, a. 1. Convenient, suitable, approved. Te mea noa ano ka haratau marire ki te whakaaro a te wahine (T. 167).

2. Dexterous. Ka haratau ki te taiaha.

whakaharatau, v.t. Practise, acquire dexterity.

Hārato, v.i. Feel uneasy.

Haratua (i). 1. v.t. Dress timber longitudinally with an adze. Nau te waka nei i haratua, i tamaku.—Whakarongo te taringa ki te tarawete mai a te toki haratuatua e tititi.

2. Cut, gash. E pai ana, e whae, he haratua kiri (M. 176).

3. n. Cutting instrument. Tu mai, e pou, hikoia te haratua (M. 176).

Haratua (ii), n. The twelfth month of the Maori year; corresponds approximately with May. = Haki-haratua.

Hārau. 1. v.t. Feel for with the hand, grope for. E harau ana te ngoingoi i te kai mana.—I haraua hoki, i matau atu ai (M. 267).

2. Touch lightly, graze, scratch, nibble. E harau ake ana te ika ki te maunu.

3. v.i. Be heard vaguely. Tenei tetahi ki i harau ake ki aku taringa.

4. v.i. Win or obtain by chance (Ngi.). I harau i whiwhi ai.

haraunga, n. Impression, print. Whakataki noa i ou tapuae i runga i te tahuna … kaore i kitea te haraunga o ou tapuae (S.).

hāraurau, v.t. See or hear indistinctly.

Harau. ‖ tangiharau.

Harawene. 1. a. Envious, jealous.

2. v.t. Grumble at.

Harawiwini, v.i. Shiver. Ehara i te hanga; harawiwini ana te kiri i te mataotao.

Hare (i), harehare, n. Cutaneous eruption, itch. Ko te ngau a te hare.

harehare, a. Offensive. Katahi nga korero harehare nau: whakarerea atu.

Hare (ii) (poetical) = haere. Hare kau atu ai aku rongo ki nui whenua, e (S.).

Hārekereke, a. Unreliable. Atua harekereke, waiho te mate mo Hapopo (P.). ‖ harakiraki.

Note.—No other example of this word has been found; and the obscurity of the proverb has led to many variations in its form.

Hārearea, a. Heard indistinctly.

Hārērē, n. A small fish.

Hareto, n. Ripe fruit of poroporo.

Hārewa, v.i. Take off in flight. Mehemea ka takahia tenei ture ka hārewa nga manu, ara ka haere.

Hari (i). 1. v.i. Dance.

2. Sing a song to dance to.

3. Feel or show gladness. Ka hari tona ngakau i roto i a ia (T. 130).

4. n. Dance.

5. Song (M. 67).

6. Joy.

harihari, n. Song to make people pull together.

harihari, hahari, n. Paphirus largillierti and Dosinia subrosea, bivalve molluscs.

Hari (ii), v.t. Carry. Ka haere atu te koroheke ra, ka hari i nga toki (T. 51). Haria he kai ma taua (T. 25).

Hāria, n. Brassica oleracea, wild cabbage (introduced).

Hariharitae.——

whakahariharitae, v.t. Gibe at, vilify, hold in contempt. E whakahariharitae a Patu ki a Raurimu.—E whakahariharitaetia ta taua potiki.

Harirau, n. Wing. Kua rongo raua i te kapakapa o te harirau o te kuku (T. 146). ‖ parirau.)

Hāro. 1. v.t. Scrape clean. He kaiharo muka.

He kaupapa haro, a clean sweep.

2. v.i. Soar. I whakaahua ia i a ia ki te ahua o te kahu, a hāro haere ana ia i runga (W. ii, 76).

3. a. Smooth, of the sea. He au hāro.

4. Of very low water at spring tide. Haro ana te tai nei.

5. In the expression wai hāro, a sort of soup made by mixing meal of hinau berries with water and boiling same. ‖ vai halo, (J. xi, 218).

haronga, n. Cape made of the refuse scrapings of flax.

Haro, haroharo. 1. v.t. Scrape. ‖ Ta, haro.

2. n. ? Vault of heaven. Ko te kawa i tu hangaia te haroharo.

Harore, n. 1. An edible fungus growing on decayed timber. Ma wai e kai te harore (M. 368). He hakekeke pea, he harore pea (M. 44). Tenei taku waka te waiho i te motu hei poupou harore (M. 85).

2. Agaracus adiposus, mushroom. He harore rangi tahi (P.; applied to anything short-lived or not long established).

3. Shell of the ear.

whakaharore, a. Like a fungus. Wareware o taringa whakaharore!

hārorerore, n. Weakness. To mata i tauria e te harorerore.

Hāroto, hārotoroto. 1. n. Pond, pool.

2. v.i. Lie in pools, form pools. He wai kihai i ata hopua, i harotoroto noa iho.

Harotu, a. 1. Reduced to shreds or tatters.

2. Faint-hearted.

3. Drowsy. ‖ rorotu.

Haru (i), v.i. Bark. Ko ana korero, me te haru kuri.

Haruharu, a. Soiled, disagreeable to the eye. Ahakoa mate haruharu, ka kawea ki te wai, raupitia ai.

Harua = wharua. Depression, valley. Ko Ohineatia he haruatanga (Tu.).

Harukiruki = rukiruki, intensive ad.

Taimaha harukiruki, (a) extremely heavy, (b) extreme depression. I te kainga au … o taimaha harukiruki (M.M. 192).

Hāruru, a. Fetid, foul-smelling. Ka haruru te rongoa nei. ‖ mōrururu.

Haruru. 1. n. Any dull, heavy sound.

Ka rongo nei a Tama i te haruru o nga tapuae o Ngatoro e haere iho ana (T. 171).

2. Roar. Ka rongo raua ki te haruru [of the storm] ka purupurua to raua whare (T. 93).

3. v.i. Resound. Tena toki ka haruru (T. 32).

4. Thud. Kua rangona e raua te harurutanga ki raro, te whiunga iho (T. 146).

5. n. Name of a charm, beginning with the word haruru, which was used to cure wounds, etc.

Haruwai, a. Sodden, watery.

Hātai, n. Mild weather, neither windy nor sunny. He rangi hatai tenei.

Hataretare, n. Slug or snail. = ngata.

Hātata, a. Blustering.

Hātea, a. 1. Faded, decolourised. Kua hatea te mangu o te kakahu.

2. Whitened, as with saline efflorescence. ‖ tea, patea.

Hātepe. 1. v.t. Cut asunder, cut off. Hatepea nga pou o te whare.—Homai noa ra te rongo o te hatepe hai patu i a au e (S.). = hautope.

2. v.i. Proceed in an orderly manner, follow in regular sequence. Kihai i hatepe te haere o tana korero, i hikohiko. ‖ whakatepe.

Hatete, n. Fire.

Hātoitoi, n. Miro australis, robin. = pitoitoi.

Hātope = autope, hatepe.

Hāture, n. A sea-fish. ? = hauture.

Hau (i), n. 1. Wind, air. Kihai te hau i roa rawa e pa ana, kua mutu (T. 93). Hau o te takiwa, air of space. Hau kainga, home. = wa kainga (Kah.).

2. Breath. Ma te hau tonu pea o te korokoro e horo te tangata (T. 161).

3. Dew, moisture. Ma tahaki haere, i te hau i a koe.—Ka tokia to kiri e te hau kopata (S. ii, 60). (This appears as an element in many words denoting dew, frost, snow, etc. ‖ hauku, etc.)

hauhau. 1. a. Cool. Ka hauhau koe i te anu o waho (T. 66).

2. n. Coolness, cool air. Toia ake te tatau kia tuwhera, kia puta mai ai te hauhau ki a au (M. lvi).

Hau (ii), hauhau. 1. a. Eager, brisk.

2. v.t. Seek. Ka piki a Rupe, ka hau, ka porangi ki a Rehua (T. 32).

whakahau, v.t. and n. Command. Ka whakahau ano te tangata nei, “Tatua” (T. 200). Katahi ka pa te whakahau a te maia nei a Maruahaira ki tona ope, “Hoea!” (J. ii, 45).

hāhau, v.t. Seek. Hei aha ma korua i hāhauria ai tena wahine? (T. 185). Kihai i roa te hahautanga mai o nga tauhou, kua mohiotia mai ko Paoa tera (T. 193).

whakahauhau. 1. v.t. Order, direct, hasten. Kua maranga a Tukutuku ki te whakahauhau kai kia tahuna (T. 192).

2. Encourage. Katahi ka tautapa te whakahauhau a te hunga e tu iho ra i te taumata (T. 151).

3. n. A set song for inspiring workers. Katahi ka koia te mara, ko tona whakahauhau tenei, “Ngaere te whakatipua,” etc. (T. 114).

Hau (iii). 1. a. Famous, illustrious. He ingoa hau tenei ingoa e karangatia mai nei ki te taringa (T. 148).

2. v.i. Resound, be published abroad, reported. Oku nei rongo kino hau ana ki tawhiti (M. 257).

3. Be heard. Ka hau te reo.—Ka hau te tangi.

4. n. Report. Whakarongo ra te taringa ki te hau taua e hau mai nei (M. 312).

Hau (iv), n. 1. Vitality of man, vital essence of land, etc., which was particularly susceptible to the attacks of witchcraft, etc. ‖ J. ix, 189–99. E mohio ana ahau kei te patu mai koe i a maua ko taku hau, e kore taku hau e riro i to karakia (J. ii, 223). Tipi i te hau o te whenua, i te hau o te kai (J. ix, 197).

2. In the expressions hau whitia and kai hau, referring to evils arising from misappropriation of property. ‖ J. ix, 197–98.

Note.—There may possibly be a connection between this word and the following. But it must be noted that this is most essentially spiritual and intangible, while hau (v) is the material visible symbol of something.

Hau (v), n. 1. Food used in the ceremonies of pure, or removal of tapu from a newly built house, canoe, etc., sometimes eaten by the tohunga, at others left for the atua.

2. Some portion of a victim slain in battle, or something connected with an undertaking just completed, used in religious rites to ensure good luck. Kia tae atu au ki te kawe atu i te hau o tenei tanga ika; a kia tae atu au ki te tohunga, kia whangaia ki te atua (T. 22). Ma wai e kawe te hau o to parekura nei ? (W. iv, 80). The rite of presenting the hau to the atua was called whangai hau. Ka tohia; ka mutu, ka whangaia te hau mo ana mahi (T. 17).

3. Twigs of karamuramu, used in divination rites, apparently to represent tribes or clans about to engage in battle. ‖ J. ix, 193, and note to hau (iv).

Hau (vi). 1. v.i. Project, overhang.

2. Exceed, be in excess. Kei te hau te whariki nei (This mat is longer than necessary).

3. n. Excess, parts, fraction, over any complete measurement. E waru maro o taku taura me te hau (My rope is eight fathoms and a bit, or a half).

4. External angle, corner. Kei te hau o te taiepa te ara.

Hau whakapeke, n. Displacement in ground plan of house caused by unequal diagonal measurements.

whakahau, v.t. Shelter. He taro tena, he whakahau paenga no te kumara. Whakahaumatua, variety of gourd.

Hau (vii), hahau, hauhau, v.t. 1. Strike, smite, deal blows to. Hahau kau ana te patu, he mano ki te matenga (T. 143). Inamata e haua ana ki te patu (T. 91).

2. Hew, chop. Ka tuakina a Te Arawa, … ka hinga ki raro; ka haua, a ka oti; ko nga kai-hahau enei ko Rata, ko Wahieroa (T. 69).

3. Act energetically.

hahau, n. 1. A fish.

2. A charm for curing tumours.

hauhau (i) n. Neochanna apoda, mud-fish = waikākā.

hauhau (ii), n. Bludgeon. Hauhau manu, stick for killing birds.

Hau (viii), n. Return present by way of acknowledgment for a present received. Ehara i te taonga hau te kai e puritia nei e matou, e Ngati Toa. ‖ kai-hau-kai.

Hau (ix), n. Property, spoils. Homai aku hau, nga titaha, nga kohua, nga herehere o toku pakanga (M. 345).

Note.—This word may be connected with the preceding hau (viii), or even possibly with hau (v), but the use of either of these in the plural is not usual.

Hau (x) = hou (i), n. Plume, feather. Ka riro, e, taku hau kotuku (S.).

Hauā. 1. a. Crippled, lame. Ka haua te waewae.

2. Cowardly, without spirit. He iwi haua matou; kahore i rapua he utu.

3. Angry without cause.

4. n. Cripple. Ka matakina te pa kaore he tangata o roto, kua horo nga tane nga wahine, he haua te mea i mahue ra.

hauhauā, a. 1. Cowardly. Katahi te tangata hauhaua ko koe!

2. Plebeian.

Hauaitu, hauhauaitu. 1. a. Starved with cold, pinched. He hauaitu to matou mate.—Tokorua nga pakeha i mate kotahi na te pu, na te hauaitu i te marangai tetahi.

2. Lean, wasted. He kuri hauaitu.

3. Listless, without heart, weak. Ka hauhauaitu ahau, he pouri no roto i a au.—He whakarapa to kouroto, he tikanga hauhauaitu to koutou nei (P. 30).

4. v.i. Swoon, faint.

hauhauaitu, n. Mugil cephalus, small mullet. = kopuwai, kanae.

Hauama = houama, n. = whau, at ree (Entelea arborescens).

Hauanu, n. Cold.

Hauangi, a. Cool.

Hauārahi, n. West wind.

Hauare (i), v.t. Miss a mark.

Hauare (ii) = haware, n. Saliva.

Hauarea = hauwarea.

Hauata, n. Accident.

Hauātiu, n. North-west wind. ‖ kotiu.

Hāuaua. 1. n. Drizzling rain.

2. a. Rainy.

Hauāuru, n. 1. West wind. Hongi rawa atu ki te hauauru, kua piro mai (T. 18). Hauauruma-raki, north-west wind.

2. West.

Hauhake, v.t. Take up a root crop. Hauhakea ana nga kai; te marangatanga mai, e waru nga rau (T. 114).

Hauhunga, n. 1. Frost. E piki ai koe nga maunga hauhunga i runga o Tongariro (M. 158).

2. A variety of greenstone (Tr. xxiv, 515).

Hauiti, a. Small.

Haukaha = aukaha.

Haukai, n. Feast. Mana pea koe e whakahaereere atu nga whanga e rau o Tauranga, hei utuutu haukai kei a Pu, a Pare (M. 63). ‖ kaihaukai.

Haukāinga = kāinga, n. Home. Te maunga e tu mai ra ki te haukainga (M. 7). Kia tahuri ki uta, ki to haukainga (M. 265).

Haukaiwahine, n. Formation in single file. Turia pea koe te haukaiwahine (W. v, 132). Ko te “haukaiwahine” ko te haere takitahi a taua ope nei (ib.).

Haukati = aukati.

Haukeke, v.t. Meddle, handle carelessly. Ata! he aha tau e haukeke nei?

Haukōeoeo, n. Sensation of chill. E hia ranei hitako o te tangata i te pānga mai o te haukoeoeo, na kua ora, kua hapa, kua mahana katoa te kiri.

Haukopa, n. A variety of taro.

Haukōpata, n. Dew. Ka tokia e te haukopata (M. 124). ‖ hau (i).

Haukori, a. Moving briskly. Kei mutu aku rangi haukori (S. ii, 22). ‖ kori.

Haukoti. 1. v.t. Intercept, cut off. Ka haukotia e te mate. Haukoti i te aroaro, obstruct. ‖ koti.

2. n. Intercepting party. Katahi ka kokiritia e te haukoti a te wha tekua.

Haukū, n. Dew, damp. Ka ringitia hoki nga roimata e Rangi ki runga ki a Papatuanuku, ko ia te hauku (T. 9). ‖ hau (i).

Haukume, v.t. Pull. An intensive from kume. Haukumea, hautoia (Ika, 95).

Haukuru, v.t. Smash. E haukurua ana nga upoko o tera. ‖ kuru.

Hauma, v.i. Shout. Used in karakia, songs for giving time, etc. Hauma, hui-e, taiki-e (J. v, 152). Kihai i roa te manutanga i waho ka tangi te hauma karakia (W. iii, 74).

Haumako, a. Rich, fertile.

Haumakōroa = haumangoroa.

Haumākū = mākū, a. Bedewed, wet. E haumaku ana ano te toto i runga i te toki (K.M. 62, 6.).

Haumanu, v.t. Revive, restore to health. Ko nga karakia haumanu mo nga turoro (W. i, 8).

Haumangōroa, n. Pseudopanax edgerleyi, a tree. = raukawa.

Haumaringi, haumāringiringi, n. Mist. Ka tere Rakei, e, i, haumaringi mai i roto o Kaipara (S. ii, 77).

Haumaruru. 1. a. Languid. Ka haumaruru nga kanohi i te mate.—Ko to te tapapa, haumaruru tonu iho (Sh. T. 181). ‖ maruru.

2. Indifferent, unconcerned. Me mutu i konei te haumaruru o matou, me matakana nga kanohi i enei rangi e takoto nei.

3. Sullen, sulky.

4. n. A charm to enfeeble the enemy.

Haumata, n. Snow-grass.

Haumātakataka, n. Hurricane.

Haumate, n. An eel, resembling puhi.

Haumāuiui, n. Result of one's toil, work accomplished. Te haumauiui o nga mea kua mate; te haumauiui o nga mea kua riro atu. ‖ mauiui.

Haūmere, v.i. Shout together. ‖ umere.

Haumi. 1. v.t. Join.

2. Lengthen by addition.

3. Reserve, lay aside. Hoake rawa ka haumi i tetahi maku: ka pau ra hoki.

4. n. Piece of wood by which the body of a canoe is lengthened. Na ka mau te haumi o te ta, o te ihu ka kumi tena waka.

5. Joint by which the additional piece is fastened.

6. Canoe so lengthened. Ka haukahatia, tona ingoa he haumi.

7. Bow of a canoe. Whakarongorongo ana te taringa ki te haumi a te taurua e kuku nei (M. 243).

8. Ally. I nga wa e karanga ai nga iwi o Hauraki ki a Paeko hei haumi mo ratou (W. v, 24).

9. Confederacy, alliance. E mea ana a Hongi, he haumi tenei ki a ia.—Ka puta mai ano te tini o te tangata, ka noho haumi ki te iwi a Tana (W. v, 25).

10. In the expression kai haumi (n. and v.i.), applied to a person who wanders over lands of other people where he has no rights, and takes the birds, etc., thereof.

Haumia-roa, haumia-tiketike, n. Fig. names for fern root, Haumia being the god who presided over fern root. Ko te haruru o te patu o te aruhe, ka ki atu a Toi ma “Ehara ko haumia-roa,” he aruhe a haumia-roa.—Ko Haumia-tiketike i oma ki te whenua (T. 6).

Haumiri, v.t. 1. Stroke affectionately. Nau rawa i haumiri te wa ki te tinana (M. 397). Tena te kuia te tangi haumiri na i tana mokopuna.—Kei te haumiritia te tupapaku.

2. Hug, sail along the shore. Katahi ka haumiri haere i tatahi, a ka tae ki Tapirimoko (W. iv, 104). I haumiri tonu te rere o nga kaipuke, piri tonu ki uta.

Haumotu, a. Cold, damp, clammy. ‖ motu.

Haumua, n. A place of departed spirits.

Haumūmū, a. Silent.

Haumumu, n. Eddying wind. = mumuhau.

Haumuti = hamuti, n. Dung, excrement. Taku poporo tu ki te haumuti (M. 125).

Haunene. 1. n. Noise, chatter. Ka haere mai he hoa wahine, na ka whakarongo ki te haunene o taua kai uma ra (W. ii, 10).

2. a. Noisy.

Haunui (i), n. Dew. ‖ hau (i), 3.

Haunui (ii), a. Wide, broad. A hurihurihia to tupu hauroa, to tupu haunui (M. 28). ‖ nui, whanui.

Hāunga, ad. 1. Besides. E rua mano te tane, haunga te wahine, te tamariki.

2. Not including. Haunga ia nga tohunga karakia, e hiki ana (T. 160). Kei roto i enei nga iwi o Taranaki puta noa ki runga, ki raro, haunga ano a Rotorua (M. lxviii).

Haunga. 1. a. Odorous, stinking. He ngohi tenei e haunga mai nei.

2. n. Odour. Rongo kau ano te tupua ra i te haunga ahua tangata (T. 150).

hāungaunga, a. Odorous, smelling of. Piropiro haungaunga taku kai, he tangata (Ika, 116).

Hauora (i). 1. n. Spirit of life, health, vigour. ‖ J. ix, 193, and hau (iv).

2. a. Healthy, fresh, well. Kua hauora te tupapaku, kua maranga.

3. Lively, in good spirits. Engari e haere hauora ana i te tohu waiora a Tuwhakairiora (J. xx, 22).

4. Perfect. E! He hauora te tangata nei ki tana karakia (J. ix, 194).

hauoratanga, n. Health. Mei whenei ana taku hauoratanga (M. 169).

whakahauora, v.t. Revive, refresh.

Hauora (ii), n. Cordyline banksii, a plant.

Haupa. 1. v.t. Bite, eat. Ka haupa ki te paepae roa i Hawaiki.—E haupa tonu ana toku waha ki te kai i nga tokotoko, i nga iroiro.

2. n. Food.

hāupaupa, v.t. Eat greedily. ‖ whaupa.

Haupapa. 1. n. Flat surface. E tu ai koe nga haupapa kowhatu i runga o Totorewa (M. 409).

2. Frost, ice.

3. v.t. Lie in wait for. Taku heke haupapa, taku heke matangaro (M. 396). Akuanei ka haupapatia tatou e te taua.

4. a. At peace, untroubled. Ka whauwhia te rongo, ka haupapa, ka noho pai noa iho.—E noho whenua rangatira noa iho ana, ta te haupapa hanga.

Haupārua, n. Fight with loss on both sides. E kore e pai kia mate utukore te tangata whenua, engari kia mate utu ano, koia te mate haupārua.

Haupatu, v.t. 1. Strike, dash, assault. Ko te ika a Ngahue, haupatua iho ki te patu pounamu (M. 128). ‖ patu.

2. Cover a roof. I to whakapiringa i nga kakaho, i haupatua iho ki nga kiri (M. 395). ‖ tapatu.

Haupāuma, n. Head wind.

Haupitonga, n. South-east wind.

Haupongi, n. Eddying wind.

Hauporo = auporo, v.t. Cut off, cut asunder. Te toki a te atua i hauporoa ai te poro tutakitanga o aku papa (S.). ‖ poro.

Haupū. 1. n. Heap, mound. A eke noa te tini o aua ika ki nga papa o nga whata te tiketike o te haupu o te ika (W. ii, 123).

2. v.t. Place in a heap. Haupuria nga makoi ki konei.

3. v.i. Lie in a heap.

Haupunu, a. Shut in, enclosed. Ka tae ki te ngahere, ka ki ia, “Haupunu ana tatou ki konei.” Koia a te Haupunu. ‖ puni.

Hāura, a. Brown.

Haura, n. Sick person, invalid.

Haurahi, n. Dew. ‖ hau (i).

Haurakiraki. 1. n. Familiar spirit. I puta mai toku haurakiraki i te po, karanga mai ai ki au.

2. a. ? Unreliable. Atua haurakiraki, waiho te mate mo Hapopo (W. iii, 9). ‖ harekereke.

3. n. Wasting disease. Te ahua he mate haurakiraki, ara na te makutu (Kah.).

Haurangi. 1. a. Mad, deluded. ‖ arangi, porangi.

2. Exasperated, furious. Ka haurangi te wahine nei, ka riri ki tona teina (T. 139).

3. Drunken.

4. n. Dew. ‖ hau (i).

5. Verandah, porch. ‖ hau (vi).

Haurapa, v.t. Search diligently for. ‖ rapa.

Haurarangi, a. Suspended.

Hauraro. 1. a. Low down, pendent. Me he mea no konei, he hauraro noa iho te kakahu o te weruweru (T. 147).

2. v.i. Be abased, submit.

3. n. North wind, north. Ka rikoriko mai te mata o Puaka i te hauraro, he tohu tau pai (W. i, 45).

Hauratu.—— E ka tukua te hauratu he koia e te toki (K.).

Hauroa = roa. 1. n. Height, length.

2. a. Long. A hurihurihia to tupu hauroa, to tupu haunui (M. 28).

Hauroki, n. The diagonals in measuring the ground plan of a house.

Haurokuroku. 1. a. Unsettled, uncertain. E haurokuroku ana te korero, he korero pai i tetahi rangi, he korero kino i tetahi.

2. n. Violent eddying wind.

Hauru, n. A shellfish.

Haurui, v.t. Scatter about, shake. ‖ rui.

Hauruna, n. A charm used in connection with kite flying.

Haurutu, n. Dew.

Hauruturutu, v.t. Shake violently. ‖ rutu.

Hautai. 1. n. Sponge.

2. A rough garment for use in wet weather. Kakahuria to hautai.

3. Rags. I te tuitui ahau i aku hautai.

4. a. Ragged, tattered.

Hautakū, a Bedewed, wet. Tera pea kei te hautaku a roto o te kāho.

Hautaonga = taonga, n. Goods, property. Kei tutuki to waewae i a Ririwai, he hautaonga nui, kei a Tuku-a-hika (M. 63).

Hautaorua, n. Dew. = hautorua.

Hautapu, n. Death by violence. Tau ake ko te hautapu no Tu (M. 181).

The above sense is given by a Maori, but will not suit the following examples: Tenei rawa to rongo te āngi mai nei nga uru hautapu o Te Totara nei (M. 293). Ka pau koe te wehewehe ki runga to hautapu (S.). O potiki e kahurangi nei hei kawe i a koe ki runga te hautapu (W.M. ix, 129).

Hautāruru, a. Unwary, heedless.

Hautaua = hau taua. ‖ hau (iii).

Hautea, a. Scattered about, separated. Ka whiua e ia nga huruhuru o te manu ki raro, ki te take o te rakau, koi hautea te huruhuru, koi katea haere i te ngaherehere, koi putu haere.

whakahautea, v.i. Be scattered. Ka karanga taua tangata, “Kaua e whakahautea te huruhuru.”

Hautepe = hautope.

Hautere, a. —— Ko o matua hautere tena, kei te marama e mau ana (S. ii, 16).

Hautete, v.i. Jabber.

Hautō, v.t. Draw, drag. Haukumea, hautoia (Ika, 95). = tō (iv).

Hautoa = toa, n. Courage, bravery. Hei whakahoki katoa i te hautoa o te iwi ki te mauri o te iwi.

Hautoke = hotoke, n. Winter.

Hautoki, v.t. Surround, intercept.

Hautōmai, n. Dew. ‖ tomairangi.

Hautope, hātope, v.t. Cut asunder, cut off, cut down. = hatepe.

Hautōrua, n. Dew. = hautaorua.

Hautū. 1. v.i. Give the time for the rowers in a canoe.

2. n. A song for the purpose of keeping time.

3. Spirit of bravery.

hautūtanga, n. Violent bruise. He mate hori i te kaokao no te haututanga ki to aroaro (M. 159).

Hautuhi. —— E Rake ma, e, homai he hautuhi ka wehi taku kiri me he tara ongaonga (S. ii, 20).

Hautūmū, n. Head wind. ‖ tūmū.

Hautupua, a. Remarkable, fearful, monstrous.

Hauture, n. Trachurus novae-zelandiae, scad, horse-mackerel. = hature.

Hauturuki, n. Fledgling bird. Katahi au ka hoka, hokahoka te manu hauturuki (M. c). ‖ turuki.

Haututū, a. Insubordinate, obstructive. Te Urewera, he iwi haututū.

Hauwai, 1. n. A mollusc, ? Haliotis australis.

2. a. Damp, moist. He one maroke, ma te tau hauwai e tipu ai te kai.

Hauware = haware, huare, n. Saliva.

Hauwarea, hauarea. 1. a. Of no account, insignificant. He kainga hauwarea a Arowhena.

2. Taciturn, morose. I hongehongea au, i hauwarea noa (M.M. 176).

3. Thin, lean.

4. Weak.

5. Cowardly.

6. n. Frivolity. E hoa ma, kati nga hauarea kupu nei (Wa. 36).

Hauwere = hawere, a. Hanging down, pendulous.

Hauwhenua, n. 1. Dew, damp. ‖ hau (i).

2. Land wind, land breeze. E pupuhi ke ana te hauwhenua iara (M. 190).

Hawa (i), v.i. Be chipped, be broken. Ka hawa te karaha nei i te tamaiti.—Ka karanga atu a Tinirau, “E kore e ngaro, he niho hawa ko Ngae.”

Hawa (ii) hawahawa. 1. a. Dripping, reeking. He miti te ringa o te wahine, he hawa te ringa o te tane (S.).

2. Smeared on. E tama, hawahawa ana te hinu i ou kauwae.

3. n. Filth, excrement.

Hawa (iii), hawahawa. 1. n. Gills of a fish.

2. Ventral fin of a fish.

3. A lichen.

4. a. Trembling, vibrating.

Hawai, n. 1. An edible fungus growing on trees.

2. Watercourse, rivulet, channel in a stream.

3. Galaxias alepidotus, a fish found in Lake Taupo, the black kokopu.

4. Gobiomorphus gobioides, the bullhead, a fresh-water fish. = toitoi.

5. adj. Shallow of a lagoon or swamp.

hawahawai, n. Hillocks in which weeds are buried, and which are afterwards planted.

Hawaiki-pepeke, n. 1. Feigned retreat in order to draw on an enemy. = manu kawhaki, kakahu haehae.

2. Dilatoriness un springing to arms at word of command. ‖ J. vii, 121. Waiho nei i Taiwhakaea ki a te hawaiki-pepeke.

Hāwaniwani. 1. n. A skin disease affecting children.

2. a. Slimy, slippery.

Hawara. — Ka tawehe i te kopanga, popore hawara, ko te whana whakairi tira (S.).

Hāware (i) = huare, hauware, n. Saliva, slime.

hāwareware. 1. a. Full of saliva, drivelling. E hawareware ana te mangai.

2. Slimy, as eels; clammy.

3. n. Slime. Hoki rawa mai ki te puta o tona tuna, mau ana ko te hawareware kau anake, kua riro te tuna.

Hāware (ii). —

hāwareware, a. Lean. He poaka hawareware.

Hāware (iii), v.i. Groan.

Hāwata, v.i. Mutter. E hawata ana te tupapaku.

Hāwatewate, a. False, untrue.

Hāwato = awhato (Cordiceps).

Hawe. 1. v.i. Eddy, as wind.

2. Turn aside, be diverted.

3. n. Bend in a road or river.

whakahawe, v.t. Distort, pervert. Naku i whakahawe nga mahi anamata (S. ii, 11).

Hāwea. —

whakahāwea, v.t. 1. Despise. E tika ana ano te whakahawea ki a ia, he tutuā hoki ia.

2. Disbelieve. E kore au e whakahawea ki tana korero.

Hawene, v.t. 1. — Kia haramai ana te paretiti i nga tau o Murirangi e hawene nei kai te po te wairua (S.).

2. Tease, vex, excite.

Hāwera, n. Place where the fern or bush has been destroyed by fire. ‖ tawera.

Hāwere. 1. n. A variety of kumara.

2. a. Pendulous. He ngutu hawere.

3. Plentiful, prolific. He tau hawere tetahi, he tau tukuroa tetahi (P.).

4. v.i. Hang down. Tirohia e koe ki te haweretanga o te taringa matau.

hāwerewere, intensive ad. used with totika. Totika hawerewere.

Hāweru, n. A bird: so stated by Sir George Grey. Me te katua haweru te upoko kai parapaoa (P. 53).

Hāwiniwini, v.i. Shiver with cold, shudder.

Hawhato ‖ awhato.

Hawhe = whawhe. 1. v.i. Go or come round. Kua hawhe katoa nga ika ki roto.

2. n. The end section of a dragnet or kaharoa. E rua nga hawhe o te kupenga kotahi.

3. Turn or bend in a fence.

Hē (i). 1. a. Wrong. Hē rawa te mahi nei.— Kihai i hamumu te waha o nga tuakana, no te mea kua he ta ratou (T. 200).

2. Erring, mistaken, perplexed, at a loss. Ka hē noa iho te whakaaro o nga tangata o runga i a Te Arawa (T. 71).

3. In trouble or difficulty. E piki ana ano i tana pikitanga, ki Maheahea, ka he te manawa (I am out of breath, or out of heart) (M. 172).

4. Troublous, baleful. Turanga mua, turanga tika; turanga muri, turanga he (P.). Tirohia Uenuku, e hoka i runga te atua he nei (M. 409).

5. Dead.

6. n. Error, mistake, fault. He maha nga he a Turaungatao (P.).

7. Difficulty, trouble.

8. v.i. Fail, miss. Ka whati tana tara, a ka hē tera (T. 33). Ka he te mango ki nga tauranga i hiia e taua hapu (The sharks failed [to take the bait] at the fishing ground where that hapu fished) (W. iv, 112).

hēngia, pass. Be mistaken for another. Ka haere te ope nei, a ka tae ki te kainga i a Peha, tae atu, ka hengia mai e te iwi a Peha, a patua ana (W. v, 15).

hēanga, hēnga, n. Circumstance, etc., of erring.

whakahē, v.t. 1. Cause to go astray, mislead. Na te kuia ra matou i whakahē.

2. Find fault with, condemn.

hēhē, a. 1. Gone astray, at a loss.

2. Wrong, not fulfilling requirements. Ka karanga te iwi, na te moenga i te tane hēhē i tipuheke ai taua wahine.

whakahēhē, v.t. 1. Confuse, confound. Ko Taumata whakahehe korero (P. 62).

2. Foil, perplex.

Hē (ii), inter, particle. Patu rawa koe i a Tamanui-te-ra, he ? (T. 20).

He. 1. indef. art., both singular and plural. A, an, the plural not being translated. He matau ano ra taku (I have a hook) (T. 21). He tangata roroa enei tangata (These were tall men) (T. 77). Nga kai o tera maunga, he kiwi, he weka, he kiore, he kuku, he tui (T. 145).

2. a. Some. Homai he wai moku (Give me some water) (T. 182). In English the some is often not expressed.

3. Used as a particle with adjectives, or with the interrogative aha, applied predicatively. He nanakia te iwi nei (These people are fierce) (T. 46). He aha te kai o tera maunga ? (What is the foodstuff of that mountain ?) (T. 145). [For this use of he in forming sentences ‖ F.L. §§ 38–40.]

Hea (i), whea, l.n. (‖ F.L. § 8). 1. Interrogative: what place ? Used with prepositions, as—kei hea, where; ko hea, ki hea, whither; o hea, of what place; i hea, no hea, whence. E haere ana koe ki hea ? (T. 49). Kei hea au tuahu ? (T. 122). No hea koia koe ? (T. 17). No hea is often used as a strong negative, like far from it, or not at all. No whea i rongo a Turi ? (T. 111).

2. Indefinite: any place. When repeated, it signifies every place. Ka tukua nga purahorua ki hea, ki hea, kia haere mai ki te whawhai (T. 101).

3. Used after the name of a place with a prep, repeated, elsewhere. I korero ano au mo Tauranga, mo hea atu hoki (I spoke of Tauranga and elsewhere) (W.M. vii, 34).

4. With the verbal particle ko, in reference to a place, what is, or what is the name of. Ko hea tera maunga e tu mai rara ? (M. 266).

5. What time ? Used of the future with the prep. a. A whea ara ai te marama ? (T. 54). ‖ nahea (ii).

Hea (ii), n. Multitude, majority. Tena ko te hea o te tangata, e kore e whakaae.

heahea, a. Foolish, silly.

Hea (iii), v.i. Mourn, grieve, be in pain. E whai mai ta taua tama i a koe, waiho atu i tona kainga, kia hea tona wairua, hea ki roto ki Tauranga.

heahea, v.i. Pant, sob.

‖ Ta. hea.

Hēanga. ‖ hē (i).

Hēhē. ‖ hē (i).

Heheki. ‖ heki.

Hehengi. ‖ hengi.

Heheu. ‖ heu.

Hei (i), prep. future. 1. At, in, with, of time or place. Hei te po taua hoe ai (T. 41). Hei konei na he pa mo tatou (T. 121). Kua taea e ahau nga mea katoa, a hei tena mea, hei te mahi o te kai, ka ngaro ai (T. 20).

2. For, to, as; denoting purpose, intention, etc. Kei te rou kakahi hei o ki te taiapu (T. 157). Ko wai tou tangata hei tangi i a koe, hei ngaki hoki i tou mate ? (T. 40).

3. Forming a future imperative, chiefly in negative sentences with the ad, kaua. Tikina he toki; hei te mea nui (Fetch an axe; let it be a big one). Kaua hei tutū; whakatupu tangata (T. 82). Hei a au anake te taua, kaua e haere ki te manuhiri (T. 196).

Hei (ii), v.i. 1. Go towards, turn towards. Kia kite kau atu i te wao kahikatea ki Tapapaki, hei ake ki te tonga (M. 171). ‖ Uv. heihei, turn aside.

2. Be requited. Ka hei tana, tenei ano taku utu ki a ia aianei (T. 72).

whakahei, v.t. 1. Go to meet, welcome, a person arriving. Tikina, whakaheitia a Te Whatanui ki te ara.—Ka whakatika a Whiro ki te whakahei i tona ope ra (W. ii, 17).

2. Fulfil, brings to pass. Taku kupu i whakaheia ki runga o Maramarama-te-rangi (P.).

3. Satisfy an obligation. Kati, ka whakaheia e au to whakapekanga mai i a au, ina, i inu nei i te taha wai (Well, I satisfied your invitation to turn aside, for I drank of your flagon of water—thereby avoiding a longer delay till food should be prepared).

4. Grant a request.

Hei (iii). 1. v.t. Tie round the neck, wear round the neck. Heia ki tou kaki.

2. Snare by the neck.

3. v.i. Be bound or entangled. Kia hei taku ate i te tau o tana tiki (M. 204).

4. n. An ornament for the neck. Katahi ka mahara a Te Kanawa ki tona hei (T. 180). Haea mai ra to hei kaka piripiri (M. 229).

5. Collar-bone. = ahei.

whakahei, v.t. Ensnare. Ka wera katoa nga tino taonga, nga tutu kaka, me nga maire whakahei kereru.

heihei. 1. v.t. Bind, entangle. Heiheia mai au te ara pungawerewere, kia ngaro.

2. n. Bond, entanglement. Nga heihei o Matuku (M. 21). ‖ Me here ki te here o Matuku-tangotango, e kore e taea te wete (P.).

Hei (iv), n. Poetical term for sky. Kai te pukohu te puru o te hei.

Hei (v), 'hei = ahei, v.i. Be able. Ka 'hei ra, e te ngakau, te ngakihohoro (M. 118).

Hei (vi).—

heihei, n. 1. Noise, disturbance. Anana, tutu ana te heihei (T. 5).

2. Storm.

3. Dust, spray. Tutu ana te moana, a puehu ana te rangi i te heihei o te moana (W. iii, 32).

4. Barn-door fowl. (mod.). Heihei! hei aha te heihei ? Te kai whakaoho rere i te ata po. Te ngata te hia ia hawhiawhi.

Heinga. n. Parent, ancestor.

Heipū, a. 1. Coming or going straight towards, hitting exactly. Heipu tonu atu au, ko taua mea e takoto ana.

2. Just, proper. Kei ou matua te take heipu. ‖ hei (ii).

Heitara, n. Accusation, charge, scandal. Ka mau tonu mai kei ona ngutu ko te heitara noa i te ao (M. 146).

Heitiki, n. A greenstone ornament worn suspended from the neck. I te heitiki etehi, i te kuru pounamu etehi (T. 68). ‖ hei (iii).

Heka, hekaheka, a. Mouldy. Kua heka nga kao nei. ‖ poporoheka, puruhekaheka.

Heka-ponga, n. Gum of tree-fern.

Heke. 1. v.i. Descend. Heke nei, heke nei te waka ra, a ka ngaro te ihu (T. 72). E rua ano hekenga o te aho, ehara, kua tomo te waka (T. 21). Ka heke te tupu, deteriorate. Ka heke to tupu, ka motu koe (M. ci). Heke haere, decrease. ‖ haere (i).

2. Ebb. Kia heke te tai ka haere ai tatou.

3. Drip. Ka heke te wai o te tahā.

4. Migrate. A, whakatika ake a Ngahue, ka heke atu, he whenua ke (T. 68).

5. Miss a mark.

6. Practise surf riding.

7. n. One who migrates, party of emigrants, migration. He mea mahue au i te unuhanga heke (M. 154).

8. Rafter. Te tahuhu, nga heke, nga kaho (M. 394).

9. A species of eel.

heketanga, n. Descent of a hill. E heke ana ano i nga heketanga o Maro (M. 289).

whakaheke. 1. v.t. Cause to descend, etc.; let down. Katahi ka tino whakahekea te waka ra e ia ki te korokoro o te Parata (M. ix). Whakaheke tupu, treat with indignity. Ehara he iwi whakaheke tupu tangata (T. 141).

2. Make to drip, shed tears. Taku turanga ake i te kuwaha nei, whakaheke roimata (M. 274).

3. Put in motion a body of men. Ka whakahekea te ope hei patu (P. 106).

4. Feign, pretend, lie.

5. Catch eels by means of a net fixed in a weir. Ka riro a Te iwi ma ki te whakaheke tuna.

6. n. Rope. Ka herea te whakaheke ki te ra (W. ii, 81).

7. Felling axe.

hekeheke, v.i. Set, decline, as sun, etc. Moku ano enei ra, mo te ra ka hekeheke (P. 73).

whakahekeheke. 1. v.i. Practise surf riding. E haere ana ki te whakahekeheke i runga i te tai, ara ki te pupungaru.

2. n. A method of adzing timber.

3. a. Striped.

Hekemai, n. A large species of shark.

Hekerangi, n. A variety of korau.

whakahekerangi, n. A variety of taro.

Hekerau, n. Small tubers ofkumara, striking into the ground from the knots in the shoots.

Hekeri, n. Testes.

Hekerua, n. Sucker thrown up by a plant.

Heketara, n. Olearia rani, a shrub. = wharangi, wharangipiro, akewharangi.

Heketoro, n. Fairy.

Heketua, n. Privy. Ka hanga hoki e ia te heketua hei whakareinga mo nga tahae (T.35).

Heki, heheki, n. Dredge for mussels; a sort of rake and net combined. Taia he kowhiu, ara he heki. Called also heki-kapu. ‖ kapu.

Hema (i). 1. v.t. Bevel, chamfer. He whakatipihori ki tetahi tikanga, he hema ki tetahi.—Ko te akoranga ko te hema tahuhu o Rangi.

2. a. Tapering. Ko nga ateate he ateate kokau, he hema.

3. n. Left hand. ‖ Fu., To., Uv., Tik., Mng., Ha., hema, sema.

Hema (ii), n. Pudenda.

hemahema. 1. v.i. Accept or make amorous advances.

2. n. Shamelessness, adultery. Ka tapa te ingoa o to taua tamaiti ko Hema, hei ingoa mo taku hemahematanga iho ki a koe (W. i, 47). (But another version of the story gives the explanation: Ko te hemanga o aku waewae.)

Heme (iii), hemahema, a. 1. Empty, open, void. ‖ Ha. hemahema, wanting, destitute.

2. At peace, free from distractions or trouble.

hemanga. n. 1. Empty space, void.

2. Used of a vessel only partially filled.

Hēmanawa, a. 1. Out of breath.

2. Disheartened.

‖ he (i), manawa.

Hemihemi, n. 1. Back of the head. Kei te korero mai ki tua o te hemihemi (P. 48).

2. Excess over a definite number. Kotahi rau ma whitu, hemihemi (One hundred and seven and over).

3. — Toki hemihemi. A method of adzing timber, face hewn off in small chips leaving tool marks close together.

Heme (i), v.i. 1. Be passed by, be gone away. Ka hemo ona tuakana ki te mahi (T. 94). Ka hemo mai a Tangaroa ki te huata, ka hemo mai a Rangi ki te huata (Tangaroa went for his spear, etc.) (Tr. vii, 31).

2. Cease, disappear. A hemo ake ai te aroha i ahau (M. 15). Ka hemo te whakamataku o te atua (M. 170).

3. Miss a mark. Ka hemo te patu a Huka.—He tao rakau e karohia, ka hemo (P.).

4. Be consumed. Kua hemo nga kai o te rua.

5. Die. Nonanahi i hemo ai taku tamaiti.

6. Be faint. Ka hemo au i te kai (I am faint for want of food, i.e., I am hungry) (T. 23).

7. Denoting the completion of an action. Ka hemo te pakeha te muru (The white man has been plundered).

hemonga, n. Object of earnest desire.

whakahemo. 1. v.t. Consume.

2. v.i. Be consumed, be all done. No te whakahemonga o te hiku i roto i te ana (When the whole of the tail had come out of the cave) (T. 160). ‖ hemo, 7.

whakahemohemo. 1. v.t. Attend at the death bed of any one. Kei te whakahemohemo a Te Hepatahi i tana wahine.

2. v.i. Be at the point of death.

Hemo (ii) = hengo, whengo, v.i. Break wind. Ka hemo anake te tou o te totara, e tahuna nei te rakau totara ki te ahi, e papā nei te totara i te ahi, koia tena, ko tona tou i hemo, i paterotero.

Hemokai. 1. a. Hungry. ‖ hemo (i).

2. n. Hunger. He hemokai ka puta tenei kupu, he mihi ki te hemokai (P. 104).

Hene, n. Anus. = ene.

Heni = hani, q.v. Ko tona heni anake ki tona ringaringa mau ai (W. i, 149).

Henumi, v.i. Be out of sight, disappear behind anything. Kua henumi nga uwhi ki raro ki te whenua.

whakahenumi, v.t. Cause to disappear, etc. ‖ numi.

Hēnga. ‖ hē (i).

Henga, n. 1. The batten covering the outside of the joint between the body of the canoe and the rauawa.

2. Curve from keel to gunwale of a canoe.

3. Food for a working party. Kei te taka ratou i te henga.

4. A game, possibly taka i te henga. Kei ko a taua tamariki e taka ana i te henga, e kare potaka ana, e ku ana, e whai ana.

hengahenga. 1. n. Girl.

2. Geniostoma ligustrifolium, a shrub.

3. Intensive ad. Maroke hengahenga, quite dry. = hangehange.

4. a.——Toki hengahenga, an adzeshaped hoe of hard wood for working the ground (Bul. iv, 21).

Henga-topuni.——I te henga-topuni, in close order; applied to a war party.

Hengi, hehengi, v.i. Blow gently. Ano te matangi e hehengi mai nei (S.).

whakahengi, v.i. Move stealthily. E whakahengi mai ana te tangata ki a au.

hengihengi. 1. n. Breeze, breath. Hengihengi hau ra, e wero ki te kiri, e i (M. 106).

2. — Ko te atua he hengihengi, he kuku matawhanga i a Rongo-te-hengia, i a Rongo-te-irirangi.

3. a. Thin. Kia uhia mai koe kahu hengihengi (M.M. 173). ‖ angiangi.

Hēngia. ‖ hē (ii).

Hengia, n. Black skin.

Hengo = whengo, hemo, v.i. Break wind.

Heoi, heoti (sometimes he oi and he oti; ‖ oi, oti), ad. 1. Denoting completeness or sufficiency of a statement or enumeration, and generally having ano joined with it. There is no more, there are none other. Heoi ano nga tohunga nana i hanga nga waka (These were all the skilled workmen, etc.) (T. 69). Heoi te mea i