Kaiapoi, site of the defeat of Ngāi Tahu by Te Rauparaha in 1832

The perimeter bank by the edge of the swamp shows clearly following recent clearance of willows from the site. The swamp at rear still remains while, on this side, the original strip of swamp and stream is marked by the open drain in the foreground. The pā originally extended in another complete segment over the area where the house and sheep are at right. The bank casting a strong shadow by the road is 90 m long. One of the original gateways through the bank by the road shows clearly. Te Rauparaha's saps occupied the lefthand edge of the rectangular paddock on this side of the road and led in towards this gateway. The view is from the south-west. A colour photograph with interpretative drawing is on page 213.