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Index

• Aborigines, 22.

• Absolution, 62, 73. (See also Confession.)

• Adultery, 103.

• Agriculture, 165. (See also Cordyline; Crops; Gourd; Sweet potato; Taro; Yam.)

• Agriculture rites, 171, 172, 176.

• Ahu, Maui, Hawaiki, Isles of, 18.

• Albinism, 55.

• Alphabet, Maori, 10.

• Ancestor - worship, 68. (See also Gods, fourth class.)

• Ancestral spirits, 66; conciliated, 67.

• Anklets, 211.

• Anthropometrical work, 1.

• Aokehu, the Dragon-slayer, 52. (See also Taniwha.)

• Ao Marama, The, 36.

• Aotea and Aotearoa, 22.

• “Aotea” canoe to New Zealand, 27. (See also Canoes.)

• Ara whanui a Tane, the spirit-path, 82.

• “Arawa” canoe reaches New Zealand, 27. (See also Canoes.)

• Ari, a food product of homeland, 14, 17. (See also Vrihi; Rice.)

• Ari, the Dravidian word for rice, 17. (See also Vrihi; Rice.)

• Ariki, 88. (See also Primogeniture.)

• Artistic sense of Maori, 126.

• Arts of life, 116.

• Arts of pleasure, 127; origin of, 128. (See also Games.)

• Astronomical knowledge of Maori, 125. (See also Moon; Stars; Sun.)

• Atahu rite, 102 (See also Courtship.)

• Atua Kahu, cacodemons, 64. (See also Gods.)

• Atua, the term a widely embracing one, 67. (See also Gods.)

• Awarua o Porirua, a taniwha, 53. (See also Taniwha.)

• Awe, the refined soul of man, 80. (See also Soul; Wairua.)

• Babylonian myths, 43, 65, 66. (See also Sin; Sina.)

• Bait, fishing, 257. (See also Fishing.)

• Balista employed in tree-felling, 119, 120.

• Baptismal rite, 101. (See also Tohi.)

• Bark cloth, 192; made in New Zealand, 193.

• Baskets, 205.

• Baskets of knowledge, 37, 38. (See also Tane; Knowledge.)

• Belts, 201.

• Berries and seeds eaten, 191.

• Betrothal, 101. (See also Courtship; Marriage.)

• Bird-snares, 182.

• Birds employed in rites, 84, 102.

• Birds, how taken, 181.

• Birth customs, 99. (See also Baptismal rite; Tohi.)

• Bull-roarer, 153.

• Burdens, how carried, 112.

• Burial, 108; trussed burial, 107. (See also Exhumation.)

• Caesarian operation, 52. (See also Birth.)

• Cannibalism, 89, 103.

• Canoe-lashing methods, 28.

• Canoe-sails, 30.

• Canoes. (See also Outrigger)—

  • Mouriuri immigrants, 22.
  • New Zealand, 30.
  • Polynesian voyagers, 28.
  • To New Zealand. (See also “Aotea”; “Arawa”; “Kahutara”; “Kurahaupo”; “Matahorua”; “Matatua”; “Tainui”; “Takitumu”; “Taikoria”; “Okoki”; “Tawirirangi.”)

• Carving. (See also Wood-carving.)

• Cat's-cradle, 133.

• Character of Maori, 8, 9, 10, 58, 96. (See also Fatalism.)

• Charms pertained to all activities, 72.

• Chatham Islands, discovery of, 25.

• Chiefs, influence of, 90.

• Childless women nursed dolls, 100.

• Children dedicated to Supreme Being 73.

• Children, how carried, 114.

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• Children of Light, 36. (See also Stars.)

• Civil law, substitutes for, 83, 86, 87. (See also Tapu.)

• Cloak-pins, 199.

• Clothing, 192. (See also European; Garments; Belts; Weaving.)

• Coconut, Name of, retained by Maori, 145.

• Combs, 208.

• Conception caused by magic, 54, 100; by stones and trees, 54.

• Confession, immersion, and absolution, 62, 73, 106.

• Conscription unknown, 90, 91.

• Cooking, 94, 96.

• Cooking-sheds, 238.

• Cordage, 208.

• Cordyline as a food product, 178.

• Cosmogonic genealogies, 33, 34, 41.

• Cosmogonic myths, 33, 41.

• Counting. (See also Enumeration.)

• Courtship, 102. (See also Betrothal; Atahu.)

• Covering mouth, a curious usage, 112.

• Craniology, Maori, 4.

• Crayfish, how taken, 265.

• Crescent symbol, 66, 169.

• Crocodile, name of, preserved by Maori, 50. (See also Moko.)

• Crops, care of, 168, 176. (See also Agriculture.)

• Culture differed in different areas, 93.

• Dancing. (See also Haka; poi; Posture; War.)

• Dart-throwing, 132.

• Dawn Maid, 39; protects souls of dead, 39, 40, 82.

• Death avenged by swinging, 131.

  • Customs, 104. (See also Burial; Exhumation; Mourning.)
  • Lying in state, 107.
  • Origin of, 104. (See also Whiro.)

• Death-journey food, 105.

• Decorative art, 126.

• Decorative work in houses, 232. (See also Wood-carving.)

• Demon lore, 50, 53. (See also Tipua; Taniwha.)

• Demoniacal possession, 67.

• Diction, mode of, 13. (See also Oratory.)

• Digging, singular method of, 174.

• Digging-stick, use of, 171, 174.

• Disease, treatment of, 67. (See also Medical science; Sick; Sickness.)

• Divination, 60, 145. (See also Seers.)

• Divorce, 103.

• Domestic life, 91.

• Draughts, the game of, 137, 138.

• Dreams are ominous, 59.

• Drill, Maori form of, 117.

• Dwelling-huts, 225, 227. (See also Houses.)

• Dyes, 196.

• Earth Mother, 34, 41; grief of, 35; offspring of, 35, 41.

• Eel, phallic, 44, 45. (See also Phallic serpent.)

• Eel-pots, 260, 262.

• Eel-weirs, 258.

• Eels, how taken, 258.

• Elements personified, 41. (See also Personifications.)

• Enchanted trees, &c., 53.

• Enumeration, 120.

• Epidemics, 6.

• Eponymic ancestors, 89.

• European garments, how worn, 200.

• Evil spirits, 67; how exorcised, 67. (See also Atua.)

• Evolutionary myths, 33.

• Exhumation, 107. (See also Burial.)

• Fables, 56. (See also Folk-lore.)

• Face-painting, 219.

• Fair type of natives, 3. (See also Urukehu.)

• Fairies, forest-folk, 54, 55.

• Family group was social unit, 88. (See also Whanau.)

• Family life almost unknown, 92.

• Farewelling dying folk, 107. (See also Soul.)

• Fatalism a Maori characteristic, 5.

• Feasts, 99, 128; ceremonial, 73, 249.

• Features of Maori, 6.

• Female element, search for, 38. (See also Ira tangata.)

• Female titles, 89. (See also Tapairu; Kahurangi; Mareikura.)

• Filiation, 93.

• Fire Children, 44.

• Fire-generation, 116. (See also Hine-Kaikomako.)

• Fire, origin of, 44. (See also Mahuika.)

• Fires, sacred, 73.

• Fireless folk of far lands, 52, 56.

• Firstfruits, 191; offerings of, 69. (See also Offerings.)

• Fish-hooks, 255; trolling, 257.

• Fish-spears, 258.

• Fishing, 242.

• Fishing-grounds, 253.

• Fishing-implements, 253.

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• Fishing-line, 252.

• Fishing-nets, 243, 244, 247, 249, 251.

• Floor-mats, 207.

• Flutes, 153. (See also Musical instruments.)

• Folk-lore, 49, 58. (See also Fables; Mountain lore; Patu-paiarehe; River myths; Taniwha; Tipua; Ruarangi.)

• Folk-tales introduced, 50.

• Food plants, cultivated, 166. (See also Cordyline; Gourd; Sweet potato; Taro; Yam.)

• Forest lore, 180.

• Fortified hills, 239.

• Fortified villages, 163, 239. (See also Villages.)

• Fountain of youth, 37. (See also Waiora a Tane.)

• Gait of Maori, 112.

• Games and pastimes, 127. (See also Hoops; Kite-flying; Matimati; Mu; Skipping; Stilts; String games; Swings; Toboggan; Tops; Toys; Water games.

• Games as military training, 129.

• Games, introduced, 129. (See also Draughts.)

• Garments, 195. (See also Clothing.)

• Garments, how worn, 196. (See also European garments.)

• Gestures, 13, 114.

• Gods. (See also Atua; Media; Io; Tane; Rongo; Whiro; Uru; Tangaroa; Tu.)

  • Classification of, 63.
  • Departmental, 63, 64, 65. (See also Primal offspring.)
  • Favour of, highly necessary, 68.
  • Fourth class, 64, 66.
  • Functions of, 68.
  • Of Maori, 32.
  • Offerings to, 66, 69.
  • Second class, 63.
  • Third class, 64, 66.
  • War, 64.

• Golden Path of Tane, 82.

• Gongs, 153.

• Gourd-plant, 178.

• Grayling, how taken, 265. (See also Fishing.)

• Greenstone myths, 49.

• Greenstone pendants, 212. (See also Ornaments.)

• Greetings, 114.

• Hair of Maori, 6. (See also Urukehu.)

• Hair employed in rites, 69.

• Hair, how worn, 208.

• Haka, 134; origin of, 136. (See also Dancing.)

• Hau, or vital aura, 80.

• Hawaiki-te-varinga, 17.

• Hawaiki-nui house or temple, 17.

• Hina and Maui, 43, 44, 169.

• Hina and Rongo are one, 47.

• Hina and the moon, 43, 44, 46, 65.

• Hina-te-iwaiwa, 65.

• Hine-kaikomako, the Fire-conserver, 44. (See also Fire; Mahuika.)

• Hine-nui-te-Po of underworld, 39.

• Hine-poupou swims Cook Strait, 51.

• Hine-te-iwaiwa, 100.

• Hine-titama, the Dawn Maid, 39. (See also Dawn Maid.)

• Hine-wai, the Rain Maid, 45. (See also Ihorangi.)

• History concealed in myths, 42.

• Homeland of Maori, 14, 17. (See also Hawaiki; Irihia; Vrihia; Uru.)

• Hoops, a pre-European toy, 143.

• Hospitality, 8.

• Houses, 224.

  • Comfortless, 112.
  • Construction of, 227.
  • Decorative work in, 232, 235.
  • Semi-subterranean, 227.
  • Whare whakanoho, 228.

• Human sacrifice, 69.

• Hypnotism, 76.

• Idols: True idols unknown, 70.

• Ihorangi, Te, personified form of rain, 35. (See also Hine-wai.)

• Images, 66, 70, 169, 176.

• Immersion in rites, 73, 106.

• Implements, 120; agricultural, 168.

• Intoning, love of, 13.

• Io, the Supreme Being, 32, 33, 41, 63.

  • And Jehovah, 64, 65.
  • As a demiurge, 33.
  • Cult of, 61, 62, 63, 64.

• Io-matua (Io the Parent), 40.

• Ira, the eel-god, 45. (See also Phallic eel.)

• Ira atua (supernatural life), 38, 41.

• Ira tangata (mortal life), 38.

• Irihia, Land of, 14, 17. (See also Vrihia.)

  • Ancestors of Maori migrate from 17.
  • Mountain, 16.

• Jade door, the, 162.

• Jew's-harp, 154.

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• Kahurangi a female title, 89.

• “Kahutara” canoe of Mouriuri folk reaches Taranaki, 22.

• Kaiwhakaruaki (taniwha), 50. (See also Taniwha.)

• Kāpū-te-rangi pa, 25.

• Karakia. (See Charms.)

• Kite-flying, 139.

• Kiwa, 35.

• Knowledge—

  • How preserved, 74, 77. (See also Whare-kura; Whare-wananga.)
  • Personified, 42. (See also Rua.)
  • Three “baskets” of, 37. (See also Tane.)

• Kouratahi of Irihia, 16.

• Ku, a primitive stringed instrument, 155.

• Kumara. (See also Sweet potato.)

• Kupe reaches New Zealand, 21. (See also “Matahorua.”)

• “Kurahaupo” canoe reaches New Zealand, 25. (See also Whatonga.)

• Kurawha the Amazon, 130.

• Kuri nui a Meko, taniwha of Waikare Moana, 50.

• Labour, division of, 91. (See also Men; Women.)

• Lamprey-weir, 262, 263, 264.

• Language, 10. (See also Alphabet; Vocabulary.)

• Life principle, a curious belief, 80, 83. (See also Mauri.)

• Light, origin of, 35, 36. (See also Tane.)

• Light versus Darkness contest, 36, 43. (See also Tane versus Whiro.)

• Lizard in carving, 234. (See also Moko.)

• Lizard represents Whiro, 104.

• Lobster-pots, 265.

• Love charms, 102.

• Luck post, 190.

• Lustral rites, 73, 106. (See also Immersion.)

• Magic, 76, 100; white, 181.

• Magical formulæ, 72.

• Mahuika and Maui, 44. (See also Fire.)

• Maikinui personifies disease, 36.

• Manaia design in carving, 233. (See also Wood-carving.)

• Manaia the Polynesian voyager reaches New Zealand, 27.

• Manners, social, 90, 91.

• Maori a mixed people, 2, 3.

• Maori and Mouriuri intermarry, 27, 28; at war, 27.

• Maori voyagers, 14, 21. (See also Polynesian voyagers; Voyagers.)

• Mareikura, a female title, 89.

• Mareikura of heavens welcome spirits of dead, 40.

• Marriage, 101; by capture, 102. (See also Courtship; Polygamy.)

• Maruiwi or Mouriuri folk, 22.

• “Matahorua”, canoe of Kupe the voyager, 21.

• Mataora descends to underworld, 47.

• “Matatua” canoe reaches New Zealand, 27.

• Maternal love, origin of, 36.

• Matimati, game of, 133.

• Mats, floor, 207.

• Maui and fire, 44.

• Maui and Hina, 43.

• Maui and Hine-nui-te-Po, 44.

• Maui and Mahuika, 44.

• Maui and Tuna, 44. (See also Phallic eel.)

• Maui, moui, and mauri, 43, 80.

• Maui myths, 43.

• Mauri, a life principle, 43, 80.

• Mauri, material, 80.

• Mauri of fish, 253.

• Meals, 93.

• Measurement, system of, 123.

• Mechanical devices, 229. (See also Balista; Drill.)

• Media of gods, 66, 68.

• Medical science unknown, 126.

• Melanesian element in New Zealand, 2.

• Memorizing powers of Maori, 8.

• Men, tasks of, 92. (See also Labour.)

• Mentality of Maori, 8, 58, 59.

• Military service universal, 90, 91.

• Mist Maid and the rainbow, 45.

• Moko = lizard, crocodile, taniwha, 50.

• Moon-god of agriculture, 169. (See also Hina; Rona; Rongo; Sin.)

• Mountain lore, 57.

• Mouriuri folk reach New Zealand, 22; characteristics of, 24; attacked by Maori, 27.

• Mouriuri refugees to Maungapohatu, 27; settle at Chatham Islands, 27.

• Mourning, 107. (See also Death customs.)

• Muru, custom of, 103.

• Muru, fines collected by violent methods, 87.

• Musical instruments, 148. (See also Flutes; Gongs; Whistles.)

• Muskets bought with slaves, 89.

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• Mussel-dredge, 265, 266.

• Mu torere, game of, 137.

• Myth and history, 42.

• Myth and religion commingled, 32.

• Myth and religion and magic commingled, 63.

• Myths, 32, 171, 172.

  • Cosmogonic, 33, 41.
  • Two aspects of, 33.
  • Understanding of, 42.

• Mythopoetic concepts, 42.

• Names changed at death of relative, 105.

• Nature myths, 41, 42. (See also Elements; Hine-titama; Hinewai; Ihorangi.)

• Nest-house, or lying-in hut, 100. (See also Birth.)

• Net, ceremony connected with new, 249, 250.

• Net-making a tapu task, 247, 249, 251.

• Nets, funnel-shaped, 244. (See also Fishing.)

• Ngahue and greenstone, 49.

• Ngahue and Kupe reach New Zealand, 21.

• Ngake, alias Ngahue, 21.

• Ngana, 35. (See also Uru-te-ngangana.)

• Ngarara-huarau, a fabulous monster, 51. (See also Taniwha.)

• Niwareka and Mataora, 47. (See also Mataora.)

• Nomenclature, consanguineous, 91.

• Nose-flattening, 211.

• Nose-flutes, 153.

• Nose-ornament, 211.

• Nudity essential in rites, 74.

• Nuku reaches New Zealand, 27.

• Obesity a modern condition, 4.

• Offerings waved to gods, 69.

• Ogres, 57. (See also Taniwha.)

• Oil of titoki, how obtained, 191.

• Oils, 218.

• “Okoki” canoe reaches New Zealand, 22. (See also Canoes of Mouriuri.)

• Omens, 59, 60, 156, 248.

• Oracular utterances, 74. (See also Seers.)

• Oratory, 148. (See also Diction.)

• Origin of—

  • Fire, 44. (See also Fire; Hine-Kaikomako; Mahuika.)
  • Plant-life, 38.
  • Rainbow, 45.
  • Woman, 38, 39.

• Ornaments, 209, 211. (See also Greenstone; Pendants; Personal adornment.)

• Osteology of Maori, 3.

• Outrigger canoes of homeland, 18.

• Pa, fortified villages, 239. (See also Villages.)

• Paints, 235.

• Pani and Rongomaui, 172.

• Pataka, or storehouses, 240.

• Patu-paiarehe, mythical creatures, 55.

• Peace-making, 162.

• Pendants, 212.

• Personal adornment, 208.

• Personal property, 89.

• Personification, Maori genius for, 41, 42. (See also Elements; Dawn Maid; Ihorangi.)

• Personifications, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 44, 64, 65, 66.

• Phallic eel, 44, 45.

• Phallic serpent, 73.

• Phormium fibre, preparation of, 195.

• Phormium plant, varieties of, 199.

• Physical attributes of Maori, 1, 4.

• Pits, storage, 242. (See also Store-houses.)

• Plaits, 208.

• Platforms, elevated, 242.

• Pleiades festival, 128.

• Pleiades year, 125.

• Plundering, disciplinary, 87.

• Po, the, 34.

• Poi “dance,” 136.

• Polygamy, 104.

• Polynesian communities in Melanesia, 18.

• Polynesian voyagers, 21, 30. (See also Maori voyagers; Voyagers.)

• Polynesian voyagers land at Paekakariki, 27.

• Polynesians leave homeland of Irihia, 17.

• Polynesians reach New Zealand, 25. (See also Canoes.)

• Post mortem punishment of human soul unknown, 40.

• Postures, 112.

• Posture dances, 134, 136.

• Priestly experts, 73.

• Primal offspring of Sky and Earth, 35, 41.

• Primitive arts, 94, 116.

• Primogeniture, importance of, 88. (See also Ariki.)

• Property, 89.

• Proverbs, aphorisms, &c., 16, 53, 182, 186, 187, 262, 269.

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• Public discussion an important usage, 90.

• Public opinion a powerful force, 90.

• Puhi-rangirangi immigrants to Irihia, 14.

• Punctilios, 13.

• Rahui, a peculiar usage, 190.

• Raiding expeditions, 156.

• Rainbow, origin of, 45.

• Rangatira class, 88.

• Rangi and Papa (Sky and Earth), 34, 41.

• Ra ririki, the “little suns,” 37. (See also Stars.)

• Rarohenga, the underworld, 36, 40, 47.

• Rats, native, 189; how taken, 189.

• Religion—

  • Aspect of, 70.
  • Development of, 62.
  • Entered into all activities, 62.

• Religious beliefs, 61.

• Religious ceremonies, 73, &c.

• Repositories of tribal lore, 33. (See also Whare wananga.)

• Revenge, spirit of, 156.

• Rhyme unknown in song, 147.

• Rice known to ancestors of Maori, 17, 166. (See also Ari; Vrihi.)

• Ritual formulae, 70; intoned, 72.

• River myths, 58.

• Rona and the moon, 47.

• Rongo, 35, 65, 66; and the moon, 43, 47. (See also Hina; Sin.)

• Rongo-ma-Tane, 65, 66.

• Rongo-motu, 169.

• Rongokako returns to Polynesia, 27.

• Rua personifies knowledge, 42, 234.

• Ruarangi and the fairy-man, 54, 55.

• Rua-toia and Rua-kumea, 39.

• Seafarers, Maori folk as, 14, 21.

• Seasons, 182.

• Seers, 83, 157.

• Senses of Maori, 6.

• Settlement of New Zealand, 22.

• School of Learning, 77.

• Scott on Maori osteology, 3.

• Shamanism, 74.

• Sick, treatment of, 106, 126.

• Sickness, 105. (See also Epidemics; Medical science.)

• Sin and Sina represent moon, 43, 65. (See also Hina.)

• Skipping, 142.

• Sky Parent and Earth Mother, 34, 41; separated, 35.

• Slaves, 89: bartered for muskets, 89.

• Social behaviour, 90.

• Social classes, 87.

• Social conditions, 93.

• Social meetings, 91.

• Social pleasures, 129.

• Social unit, 88.

• Social usages, 13, 86.

• Soils, 168.

• Somes and Ward Islands named by Kupe, 22.

• Songs and singing, 147. (See also Intoning.)

• Soul of man, 79. (See also Awe.)

  • Despatched to spirit-world, 81, 106.
  • How it fares to spirit-world, 82.
  • Not punished in spirit-world, 40.
  • Purification of, 80.

• South Island lore lost, 24, 28.

• South Island a refuge for broken tribes, 28.

• Spirit-path, 82.

• Spirit-world, 104. (See also Rarohenga.)

  • A desirable place, 48.
  • Celestial, 40.
  • Life in, 81.
  • Subterranean, 39, 40.

• Spirit-worlds, two, 39, 40, 41, 62.

• Spiritual concepts, 79. (See also Awe; Hau; Mauri; Soul; Wairua.)

• Spiritual life, 81. (See also Spirit-world.)

• Spiritual sight, 83. (See also Seers.)

• Stars, Maori knowledge of, 125.

• Stature of Maori, 4.

• Stilt-walking, 142.

• Stones and trees cause conception, 54.

• Stone spools of unknown use, 218.

• Storage pits, 176, 178, 242.

• Storehouses, 239.

• Story-telling, 139.

• String games, 133.

• Summer Maid, the, 46.

• Sun, two wives of, 46

• Superstition, 59.

• Supreme Being, 32, 33, 63, 48. (See also Io.)

• Sweet potato, origin of, 172.

• Sweet-potato crop, storage of, 176.

• Swimming, 130.

• Swings, 131, 142.

• “Taikoria” canoe reaches New Zealand, 22.

• “Tainui” canoe reaches New Zealand, 27.

• Taiwhetuki, the House of Death, 36, 78.

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• “Takitumu” canoe reaches New Zealand, 27.

• Tamaahua returns to Polynesia, 27.

• Tane, 35, 36, 65.

  • As a demiurge, 39.
  • Assailed by hordes of Whiro, 38.
  • Brings light into world, 36.

• Tane-i-te-hiringa, 37.

  • Obtains three “baskets” of knowledge, 37.

• Tane-te-waiora, 36, 37.

• Tane-te-wananga, 37.

  • The fertilizer, 38, 65.
  • Versus Whiro contest, 36.

• Tangaroa, 35, 65.

• Taniwha, 50, 52, 53; how destroyed, 51.

• Tapairu, a female title, 89.

• Tapu, 82, 90, 99, 101, 104, 105, 108.

  • Of crops, 173.
  • Of esoteric lore, 33.
  • Of net-making, 247.
  • Of weaving, 195.
  • Removal of, 84.
  • Represented laws, 83.

• Taro, cultivation of, 178.

• Tattooing, 219.

  • Implements, 222.
  • Origin of, 192, 223. (See also Uetonga.)

• Taua muru (Disciplinary plundering), 103.

• Taupo mountains migrate, 57.

• Tawhirimatea, 35, 65.

• Tawhitinui, Polynesian sojourn at, 18.

• Tawhitiroa, Polynesian sojourn at, 18.

• “Tawirirangi” canoe reaches New Zealand, 22.

• Temples unknown, 76. (See also Tuahu.)

• Teeth of Maori, 4, 6.

• Textiles, 192. (See also Clothing; Cordage; Garments; Weaving.)

• Tiki pendant, 215.

• Timber - working, 238. (See also Balista.)

• Time, division of, 124. (See also Year.)

• Ti para, a cultivated Cordyline, 179.

• Tipua, or demons, 53.

• Toboggan, 142.

• Tohi rite over infant, 100, 101.

• Tohi taua rite over fighting-men, 162.

• Tohunga (priestly experts), 33, 73; functions of, 74.

• Toi discovers Chatham Islands, 25; reaches New Zealand, 22, 25; settles at Whakatane, 25; visits Samoan Group, 25; visits Rarotonga, 25.

• Toi tribes, 28.

• Toiora (spiritual welfare), 39.

• Tongan voyagers reach Melanesia, 30.

• Tools, 120.

• Top-spinning, 142.

• Toys, 144, 145. (See also Hoops; Kites; Top.)

• Traditional history, 14.

• Transmigration, 52.

• Tree-climbing, 130, 190.

• Tree-dwellings, 241.

• Tree-felling device, 119.

• Trees, origin of, 38.

• Tribal organization, 89. (See also Whanau.)

• Tu, the war-god, 35, 65.

• Tuahu (sacred places), 77. (See also Temples.)

• Tumoana returns to Polynesia, 27.

• Tuna slain by Maui, 44.

• Tu-te-rangiatea visits land of Irihia, 14.

• Tutu berries, how prepared, 191.

• Twelve heavens, 38.

• Uenuku and the Mist Maid, 45.

• Uetonga, the tattoo artist of Rarohenga, 47.

• Underworld. (See Rarohenga.)

• Upokororo (grayling), how taken, 265.

• Uru, Land of, 14, 17. (See also Hawaiki; Irihia.)

• Urukehu, or fair-haired type of Maori, 3.

• Uru-te-ngangana, 35. (See also Ngana.)

• Uruuru-whenua rite, 53, 191.

• Ventriloquism, 74.

• Vessels, domestic, 96.

• Vessels of Polynesian voyagers, 28. (See also Canoes.)

• Villages, fortified, 163, 239.

• Villages, large, 94.

• Vocabulary of Maori tongue a copious one, 13. (See also Language.)

• Vowel quantities in Maori, importance of, 10, 11. (See also Language.)

• Voyages of Polynesians. (See also Polynesian voyagers.)

• Voyagers return to Polynesia, 27.

• Vrihi rice, 17. (See also Ari.)

• Vrihia, a Sanscrit name for India, 17. (See also Irihia.)

• Waikato and Rangitane race to sea, 58.

• Waiora and vaiora, 37.

  page 280

• Waiora a Tane, 37.

• Wairua, or soul, 3. (See also Awe; Soul.)

• Wai tapu (sacred waters), 77.

• War customs, 155.

• War-dance, 162.

• War-gods, 155.

• Water-games, 130.

• Water mirrors, 218.

• Weapons, 157; missile, 158.

• Weaving—

  • Materials employed, 193, 201.
  • Origin of, 192.
  • Process a crude one, 193.

• Wellington Harbour, discovery of, 22.

• Wellington, Polynesian voyagers sojourn at, 22.

• Whanau, or family group, 88.

• Whare kura (house of learning), 78.

• Whare mata, 182.

• Whare tapere (the arts of pleasure), 129.

• Whare wananga (house of learning), 77.

• Whatonga of Kurahaupo, 25. (See also Kurahaupo.)

• Whatonga finds Toi at Whakatane, 27.

• Whiro, 35, 65, 67, 78; assails souls of dead, 39, 40, 82; represents evil and death, 104, &c. (see also Lizard); retires to underworld, 36.

• Whistles, 153.

• Wind Children attack Whiro, 38.

• Winter Maid, the, 46.

• Woman origin of, 38, 39.

• Woman produced from Earth Mother, 38, 39.

• Women, status of, 93; tasks of, 92. (See also Labour.)

• Wood-carving, 232.

• Woodcraft, 180.

• Worship of gods unknown, 68.

• Yam, cultivation of, 178.

• Year, commencement of Maori, 125.

• Year, Pleiades, 125.