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Tuatara: Volume 4, Issue 1, July 1951

Checklist of the New Zealand Orchids — Together with a Key to the Genera and Species, and Some Notes on Their Distribution

page break

Checklist of the New Zealand Orchids
Together with a Key to the Genera and Species, and Some Notes on Their Distribution

Orchids are queer plants. They have a fascination entirely out of proportion to their size, usefulness or beauty. To the botanist this fascination is largely due to their amazing powers of adapting themselves to their environment and pollinating agents. I suppose the Orchidaceae are the largest family of flowering plants in the world — upwards of 20,500 species having been recorded. In spite of their infinite variety they are singularly rare plants and outside of the tropics, comparatively insignificant.

The Australian element in the New Zealand flora is more pronounced in the Orchidaceae than in any other group of our flowering plants. Of the 22 genera, 19 occur in Australia and 2 more are derived from Australian forms. Of the 80 odd species, 34, almost half, are common Australian plants. When we come to study the distribution patterns in the flora three trends stand out clearly —

(i) The south-to-north trend. The available evidence leads us to believe that a continental area, existing during Cretaceous times, extended considerably to the south of the present position of New Zealand and also threw a northward arm to Tasmania. From this palæozelanic continent (which is not to be confused with Antarctica) came Thelymitra and Pterostylis.

(ii) The overland trend. This began in Asia and came by way of Malaya, Java, New Guinea, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island and brought us the truly Asiatic genera Corybas, Gastrodia, Spiranthes, Microtis, Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum, Sarcochilus. (Earina, originating in New Caledonia, probably came by this route also.)

(iii) There is a distinctly powerful, probably windborne, west-to-east trend, which still brings East African orchids to Western Australia, Eastern Australian orchids to New Caledonia and New Zealand, and from thence to the Chathams and Polynesia. This gave us the Australia-originating genera Caladenia, Lyperanthus, Chiloglottis, Townsonia, Adenochilus, Acianthus, Orthoceras, Prasophyllum, Caleana and Calochilus, and in page 29 addition odd Australian species of genera which normally arrived by other routes, viz Pterostylis, Corybas, Gastrodia, Microtis and Thelymitra.

(iv) And lastly of course the tendency to local differentiation which produced Petalochilus from Caladenia, and Aporostylis from a combination of Caladenia and Chiloglottis, and which led and is still leading, to the endemic forms in the larger genera.

Classification

The New Zealand genera belong to 2 tribes of the subfamily Monandrae. Garay arranges them thus —

Tribe Polychondreae subtribe Pterostylideae Pterostylis
" Diurideae Orthoceras
" Thelymitreae Thelymitra, Calochilus
" Prasophylleae Prasophyllum, Microtis
" Drakaeae Chiloglottis, Caleana
" Caladenieae Caladenia, Petalochilus, Lyperanthus, Adenochilus, Aporostylis
" Aciantheae Acianthus, Townsonia
" Corybadeae Corybas
" Gastrodieae Gastrodia
" Spirantheae Spiranthes
Tribe Kerosphaereae subtribe Dendrobieae Dendrobium
" Glomereae Earina
" Bulbophylleae Bulbophyllum
" Sarcantheae Sarcochilus

Key to New Zealand Orchids

In order to follow the keys it is necessary to have some knowledge of the peculiarities of the orchid flower. It must be stressed that what follows applies only to the subfamily Monandrae. Theoretically such a flower consists of 15 segments in 5 whorls of 3. In each whorl 2 of the segments are paired and the third usually different in form or function or both.

Whorl (1) — 3 styles, each capped by its stigma, confluent to form a single structure (column) in the centre of the flower. 2 of the stigmas are paired and combine to form the stigmatic plate on the front of the column. The third stigma is modified to form the rostellum and appears at the top of the column.

Whorl (2) — 3 stamens, 2 of them paired and confluent with the sides of the column to form the column-wings (very prominent in Thelymitra, where they supersede the insect-attractive page break
Left: Diagrammatic section through Pterostylis flower. Right: through column of Thelymitra flower. A — anther; AC — anther connective; C — column; CW — column wings; DS — dorsal sepal; L — labellum; LL — lateral (secondary) lobe of column wing (only partly shown); LS — lateral sepals; ML — midlobe of column wings; P — petal; R — rostellum; S — stigma.

Left: Diagrammatic section through Pterostylis flower. Right: through column of Thelymitra flower. A — anther; AC — anther connective; C — column; CW — column wings; DS — dorsal sepal; L — labellum; LL — lateral (secondary) lobe of column wing (only partly shown); LS — lateral sepals; ML — midlobe of column wings; P — petal; R — rostellum; S — stigma.

function of the labellum), the third stamen confluent with the front of the column (except in Petalochilus calyciformis where it appears as a basal appendage).

whorl (3) — 3 stamens, 2 of them paired and confluent with the labellum to form the various labellar calli, the third (the only fertile stamen in the Monandrae) confluent (usually, not in Thelymitra) with the back of the column and carrying the 2-celled anther, which overtops, and usually rests on the rostellum.

Whorl (4) — 3 petals, 2 of them paired, the third (labellum) rarely similar (Thelymitra, Petalochilus), usually much modified to form an attractive landing-stage for insects.

Whorl (5) — 3 sepals, 2 of them paired, the third (dorsal) sometimes similar, usually much enlarged, its main, purpose being to canopy the anther.

page 31

Key to Genera

1 Epiphytic on trees or rocks, rarely on the ground, roots exposed, stems numerous — 2
Terrestial, with orbicular or oblong tubers or fleshy rhizomes, stems solitary — 3
2 Stems succulent, erect, leaves oblong-ovate, flowers several, minute Sarcochilus adversus
Stems woody, drooping, leaves narrow-acute, stiff — 4
Stems creeping, matted, leaves small on prominent pseudobulbs Bulbophyllum
4 Flowers small, white, numerous in a terminal raceme Earina
Flowers large, white, solitary or in pairs Dendrobium cunninghamii
3 Leaf solitary, attached to the peduncle — 5
Leaf solitary, separate from the peduncle — 6
Leaves more than one — 7
Leaves absent, rhizome fleshy Gastrodia
5 Leaf tubular, enclosing the greater part of the stem — 13
Leaf narrow-linear, more or less concave — 8
Leaf oblong, orbicular or cordiform — 9
13 Flowers with the dorsal sepal uppermost Microtis
Flowers with the labellum uppermost (inverted) Prasophyllum
8 Flowers regular, all the segments more or less alike Thelymitra
Flowers irregular — 10
10 Flowers with a large bearded labellum Calochilus
Flowers when open shaped uncannily like a flying duck Caleana minor
Labellum 3-lobed, column not enclosed, column-wings free Caladenia
Labellum petaloid, column enclosed by the fusion of the column wings Petalochilus
9 Flowers several on a slender peduncle Acianthus
Flowers solitary, sessile on the leaf Corybas
6 Labellum entire, stem bract solitary Townsonia viridis
Labellum 3-lobed, stem bracts two Adenochilus gracilis
7 Leaves two — 11
Leaves more than two — 12
11 One leaf obviously larger than the other, flowers white Aporostylis bifolia
Both leaves the same size, flowers green Chiloglottis
12 Leaves in a rosette round the base of the stem, narrow-concave, acuminate, flowers large, dark Orthoceras strctum
Leaves in a rosette round the base of the stem, narrow- to broad-linear, flowers white, arranged spirally in the raceme Spiranthes sinensis
Leaves either in a rosette or scattered up the stem or both, flowers large, green, conspicuously hooded Pterostylis
Leaves linear-acute, scattered up the stem Lyperanthus antarcticus
page 32

Key to the Species

Pterostylis
1 Labellum filiform-terete, plumose barbata
Labellum laminate, without a basal callus — 2
Labellum laminate, with a basal callus irsoniana
2 Labellar appendage entire, flowers several mutica
Labellar appendage pencillate, flowers normally solitary — 33
Labellum acuminate — 4
Labellum linear-oblong — 5
4 Leaves in a rosette, flower conspicuously drooping nutans
Rosette only present in the juvenile, mature leaves varying from orbicular-petiolate to bracteate-sessile — 6
6 Leaves 2-3, subrosulate, ovate venosa
Leaves numerous, polymorphous — 7
7 Lateral sepals with an emarginate central lobe — 8
Lateral sepals with an acute, unlobed sinus trullifolia alobula
8 Petiolate leaves with the veining conspicuously embossed trullifolia gracilis
Petiolate leaves with a smooth upper surface trullifolia rubella
5 Upper third of labellum symmetrically twisted, entire — 9
Labellum-tip flat, entire or emarginate — 10
Labellum-tip unevenly constricted — 11
9 Flower large, leaves subrosulate, more or less ovate furcata typica
Flower small, leaves cauline, linear-lanceolate furcata linearis
10 Leaves in a rosette, lateral sepals with an inflexed lobe nana
Leaves strictly cauline, lateral sepals with an acute sinus — 12
Leaves both subrosulate and cauline — 13
12 Plant very slender, sepalar caudae very short graminea
Plant robust, sepalar caudae very long — 14
14 Dorsal cauda suberect, lateral caudae spreading, erect banksii typica
Dorsal sepal incurved, lateral caudae strongly recurved banksii patens
13 Flower large, dorsal sepal filiform-caudate, incurved oliveri
Flower small, dorsal sepal acuminate, horizontal areolata
11 Leaves rosulate, stigma globose humilis
Leaves subrosulate, stigma linear foliata
Leaves strictly cauline — 15
15 Labellum reddish, lateral sepals caudate, erect australis
Labellum greenish, lateral sepals acuminate montana typica
Labellum brownish, lateral sepals caudate, spreading montana rubricaulis
Thelymitra
1 Midlobe absent, lateral lobes primary — 2
Midlobe present, lateral lobes secondary — 3
2 Lobes simple, without appendages — 4
Lobes fimbriate pulchella
4 Lobes very large, oblong-falcate, fleshy (leaf expanded at the base then abruptly constricted) matthewsii
Lobes acuminate, spirally involute, erect, entire — 5
Lobes acuminate, hardly involute, recumbent, bifid venosa cyanea
page break
a — Corybas saprophyticus Hh. type specimen; b — seeding peduncle; c — labellum from above; d — column from above; e — column from side; f — column from front; g — column from side with column-wings removed to show anther-connective and anther-cells. The leaf is rudimentary. In (a) it is seen below the labellum, in (b) at the base of the peduncle. Only the upper half of the peduncle shows above the surface, the flower being completely buried. A comparison with its nearest relative, rivularis, (Trans. R.S.N.Z. 76.1947.t61) shows the similarities and differences quite clearly.

a — Corybas saprophyticus Hh. type specimen; b — seeding peduncle; c — labellum from above; d — column from above; e — column from side; f — column from front; g — column from side with column-wings removed to show anther-connective and anther-cells. The leaf is rudimentary. In (a) it is seen below the labellum, in (b) at the base of the peduncle. Only the upper half of the peduncle shows above the surface, the flower being completely buried. A comparison with its nearest relative, rivularis, (Trans. R.S.N.Z. 76.1947.t61) shows the similarities and differences quite clearly.

page 34
5 Lobes shorter than the anther, labellum sepaloid venosa cedricsmithii
Lobes higher than the anther, labellum crenulate and repand venosa typica
3 Midlobe crested, secondary lobes without cilia (stem flexuose, leaf terete, flowers creamy-red) carnea imberbis
Midlobe crested, secondary lobes with cilia - 6
Midlobe not crested, secondary lobes usually with cilia — 7
6 Crest of tall calli (sepals spotted with brown) ixioides typica
Crest denticulate (sepals not spotted) raceme in bud resembling an ear of wheat aemula
7 Midlobe erect, shorter than the anther, secondary cilia white (flowers pink) longifolia intermedia
Midlobe erect, higher than the anther, secondary cilia yellow — 8
Midlobe cucullate, secondary cilia where present, white — 9
8 Midlobe apiculate, dark brown caesia Midlobe emarginate, pinkish-yellow pachyphylla
Midlobe sinuate, black (with small darker tubercles just below the top, sepals spotted with brown) decora
9 Midlobe truncate or emarginate — 10
Midlobe deeply bifid, yellow, secondary lobes with cilia pauciflora
Midlobe deeply bifid, green, secondary lobes without cilia sanscilia
10 Tip of midlobe faced with yellow or white — 11
Tip of midlobe dark all over aristata
11 Secondary cilia very dense, short longifolia forsteri
Secondary cilia rather lax, long longifolia stenopetala
Calochilus
1 Column with a dark callus on either side at the base — 2
Column with no basal calli paludosus
2 Basal calli connected with a conspicuous coloured ridge robertsoni
Basal calli connected with a broken line of irregular reddish splashes campestris
Prasophyllum
1 Labellum sessile, lamina reddish-green — 2
Labellum on a very short rigid claw, lamina broad, white, margins prominently crenulate suttonii
Labellum on a narrow, movable claw — 3
2 Margins of labellum flat, callus pale, extending only to the curve rogersii
Margins undulate, callus green, extending almost to the tip colensoi
3 Labellum green, mucronate, margins entire, callus of several inconspicuous ridges pumilum
Labellum dark red, acuminate, margins ciliate at the tip, callus with a prominent linear cleft nudum
Microtis
1 Labellum emarginate, with three callosities, two at the base and one atthe tip unifolia
2 Labellum entire, with the two basal callosities only parviflora
page break
Prasophyllum nudum Ngapaenga(Waitomo City)

Prasophyllum nudum
Ngapaenga(Waitomo City)

page 36
Chiloglottis
1 Plant robust, flower almost sessile cornuta
2 Plant very slender, flower on a long peduncle formicifera
Caladenia
1 Labellum with 4 rows of calli lyallii
Labellum with 2 rows of calli — 2
2 Midlobe with several marginal calli, flowers white, green or pink carnea minor
Midlobe with only one large marginal callus, flowers pink carnea exigua
Midlobe with no marginal calli, flowers dark glazed mauve carnea bartletti
Petalochilus
1 Column-base with a staminoid appendage calyciformis
2 Column-base without a staminoid appendage saccatus
Acianthus
1 Leaf cauline, cordate, labellum ovate-acuminate, concave, Petals much shorter than the sepals fornicatus sinclairii
2 Leaf basal, oblong. Labellum linear-oblong, flat. Petals as long as the sepals reniformis oblongus
Corybas
1 Lateral sepals and petals shorter than the labellum, minute or wanting 2
Lateral sepals and petals elongated into filiform caudae — 4
2 Labellum with 2 conical spurs at the base aconitiflorus
Labellum with 2 rounded auricles at the base — 3
3 Calli confined to the median line of the labellum unguiculatus
Calli spreading on either side of the median line carsei
4 Labellum fimbriate, distal portion tubular, leaf reddish oblongus
Labellum not fimbriate, distal portion expanded, leaf silvery — 5
5 Subterranean, flowers borne beneath the surface, leaf bracteate saprophyticus
Terrestial, flowers borne normally, leaf expanded - 6
6 Dorsal sepal filiform-caudate, leaf acuminate rivularis
Dorsal sepal acuminate, leaf mucronate — 7
Dorsal sepal orbicular-concave, emarginate, leaf trilobate trilobus
7 Petals hardly a third as long as the lateral sepals, labellum apiculate, obtuse or emarginate, dorsal sepal horizontal or recurved macranthus typicus
Petals as long as or longer than the lateral sepals, labellum with an acuminate lobe, dorsal sepal incurved macranthus longipetalus
Gastrodia
1 Column longer than the labellum sesamoides
Column very much shorter than the labellum — 2
2 Column-wings involute, labellum clawed at the base cunninghamii
Column-wings straight, erect, labellum broad at the base minor
Earina
1 Labellum sessile, bifid, without calli mucronata
2 Labellum clawed, entire, with basal calli autumnalis
Bulbophyllum
1 Peduncles long, 2-4 flowered, labellum orange tuberculatum
2 Peduncles short, flowers solitary, labellum white pygmaeum
page 37

Glossary

  • Acuminate — gradually narrowing to a point from a broad base.
  • Apiculate — a blunt apex with a contrasting hair-like continuation.
  • Auricle — a small ear-like opening on either side of the base of the labellum in Corybas.
  • Bract — a small leaf terminating each successive internode of the stem, serving to protect the meristem during growth. Different species develop differently. A structure which appears as a minute bract in one species may be a large leaf in another, and vice versa.
  • Callosity — a very small, often vague callus.
  • Callus — a small, often coloured protuberance, variously wart-, club-, hair-, or spindle-shaped, usually on column or labellum and probably designed to attract insects.
  • Cauda — a tail-like elongation of the sepals or petals.
  • Cauline — attached to the stem.
  • Cilia — hair-like processes (particularly in Thelymitra) terminating the lobes of the column-wings.
  • Crenulate — margins both indented and sinuate.
  • Cucullate — overhanging, forming a canopy.
  • Emarginate — with a definite notch at the apex.
  • Falcate — scythe-shaped.
  • Laminate — flat and expanded.
  • Mucronate — with a short sharp point.
  • Penicillate — terminating in a tuft of cilia.
  • Pseudobulb — a globular swelling at the base of the leaf in Bulbophyllum.
  • Repand — margins sinuate but entire.
  • Rosulate — with the leaves arranged in a flat whorl round the base of the stem.
  • Secondary Cilia — cilia of the secondary lobes of the column wing in Thelymitra.
  • Sinus — the variously lobed angle between conjoined lateral sepals.
  • Subrosulate — leaves in a whorl, but more or less erect.
  • Terete — more or less circular in section.

Check List

In the following list I have given the currently valid names of all the New Zealand species, together with the correct citation and the journal in which the name first appeared in that particular combination. An asterisk before a name indicates that the species (but not necessarily the variety in compound species) also occurs in Australia.

1
Pterostylis R.Br.
A

* barbata Ldl. Swan River App. 1839.53.

B

* mutica R.Br. Prodr. 1810.328.

C

* nutans R.Br. Prodr. 1810.327.

D

* nana R.Br. Prodr. 1810.327.

E

foliata Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.249.

F

australis Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.248.

page 38
G
montana Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.239.
(i)

var typica Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.239.

(ii)

var rubricaulis (Matth.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.240.

H

oliveri Petr. Trans.N.Z.Inst. 26.1894.270.

I

areolata Petr. Trans.N.Z.Inst. 50.1918.210.

J
banksii R.Br. ex A. Cunn. Bot.Mag. 1832.t3172.
(i)

var typica Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.241.

(ii)

var patens (Col.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 75.1945.370.

K

graminea Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.248.

L
* furcata Ldl. Gen.Et Spec.Orch. 1840.390.
(i)

var typica Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.242.

(ii)

var linearis Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.243.

M
trullifolia Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.249.
(i)

var rubella (Col.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.244.

(ii)

var gracilis Cheesmn. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 47.1914.46.

(iii)

var alobula Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.244.

N

venosa Col. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 28.1896.610.

O

irsoniana Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 78.1950.104.

P

humilis Rog. Trans.R.S.South Austr. 46.1922.151.

2
Thelymitra J. R. and G. Forst.
A
* venosa R.Br. Prodr. 1810.314.
(i)

var typica Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

(ii)

var cedricsmithii Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

(iii)

var cyanea (Ldl.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

B

* matthewsii Cheesmn. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 43.1910.177.

C

pulchella Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.244.

D
* carnea R.Br. Prodr. 1810.314.
(i)

var imberbis (Hook.f.) Rupp & Hh. Proc.Linn.Soc. N.S.W. 70.1945.59.

E
* ixioides Sw. Vet.Akad. 21.1800.t3L.
(i)

var typica Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

F

aemula Cheesmn. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 51.1919.94.

G

decora Cheesmn. Manl.N.Z.Flor. 1.1906.1151.

H

pachyphylla Cheesmn. Manl.N.Z.Flor. 1.1906.1151.

I

caesia Petr. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 51.1919.107.

J

* aristata Ldl. Gen.Et Spec.Orch. 1840.521.

K
* longifolia J.R. & G.Forst. Char.Gen.Plant. 1776.98.t49.
(i)

var forsteri (Sw.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

(ii)

var stenopetala (Hook.f.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

(iii)

var intermedia (Berrg.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

L

* pauciflora R.Br. Prodr. 1810.314.

M

sanscilia Irwin ex Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

3
Calochilus R.Br.
A

* campestris R.Br. Prodr. 1810.320.

B

* robertsonii Benth. Flor.Austr. 6.1873.315.

C

* paludosus R.Br. Prodr. 1810.320.

page 39
4
Orthoceras R.Br.
A

* strictum Rc.Br. Prodr. 1810.317.

5
Prasophyllum R.Br.
A

* rogersii Rupp. Proc.Linn.Soc.N.S.W. 52.1928.340.

B

colensoi Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.241.

C

* suttonii Rog.&Rees. Proc.R.S.Vict. 25.1921.112.

D

pumilum Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.242.

E

nudum Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.242.

6
Microtis R.Br.
A

* unifolia (Forst.f.) Reichb.f. Beitr.Syst.Pfl. 62.

B

* parviflora R.Br. Prodr. 1810.321.

7
Chiloglottis R.Br.
A

* cornuta Hook.f. Flor.Ant. 1.1844.69.

B

* formicifera R.D.Fitzg. Austr.Orch. 2.1885.2.

8
Caleana R.Br.
A

* minor R.Br. Prodr. 1810.329.

9
Caladenia R.Br.
A

* lyalli Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.247.

B
* carnea R.Br. Prodr. 1810.324.
(i)

var minor (Hook.f.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 75.1945.368.

(ii)

var exigua (Cheesmn.) Rupp Proc.Linn.Soc.N.S.W. 69.1944.75.

(iii)

var bartlettii Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 77.1949.402.

10
Petalochilus Rog.
A

calyciformis Rog. Journ.Bot. March 1924.66.t571.

B

saccatus Rog. Journ.Bot. March 1924.66.t571.

11
Lyperanthus R.Br.
A

antarcticus Hook.f. Flor.Ant. 2.1847.544.

12
Adenochilus Hook.f.
A

gracilis Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.246.t56a.

13
Aporostylis Rupp & Hh.
A

bifolia (Hook.f.) Rupp & Hh. Proc.Linn.Soc.N.S.W. 70.1945.61.

14
Acianthus R.Br.
A
* fornicatus R.Br. Prodr. 1810.321.
(i)

var sinclairii (Hook.f.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 75.1945.369.

B
* reniformis (R.Br.) Schltr. Engl.Jahrb. 39.1906.39.
(i)

var oblongus (Hook.f.) Rupp & Hh. Proc.Linn.Soc. N.S.W. 70.1946.59.

15
Townsonia Cheesmn.
A

* viridis (Hook.f.) Schltr. Fedde.Repert. 9.1911.249.

16
Corybas Salisb.
A

* aconitiflorus Salisb. Parad.Lond. 1805.t83.

B

* unguiculatus (R.Br.) Reichb.f. Beitr.Syst.Pfl. 43.

C

carsei (Cheesmn.) Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 75.1945.367.

page 40
D

oblongus (Hook.f.) Reichb.f. Beitr.Syst.Pfl. 67.

E

trilobus (Hook.f.) Reichb.f. Beitr.Syst.Pfl. 67.

F
macranthus (Hook.f.) Reichb.f. BEITR.SYST.PFL. 67.
(i)

var typicus Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 76.1947.579.

(ii)

var longipetalus Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 76.1947.580.

G

rivularis (A.Cunn.) Reichb.f. Beitr.Syst.Pfl. 67.

H

saprophyticus Hh. Trans.R.S.N.Z. in print.

17
Gastrodia R.Br.
A

* sesamoides R.Br. Prodr. 1810.330.

B

cunninghamii Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.251.

C

minor Petr. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 25.1893.173.t20.

18
Spironthes Rich.
A

* sinensis (Pers.) Ames Orch. 2.1908.53.

19
Dendrobium Sw.
A

cunninghamii Ldl. Bot.Reg. sub t1756.

20
Earina Ldl.
A

mucronata Ldl. Bot.Reg. 1958.t1699.

B

autumnalis (Forst.f.) Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.239.

21
Bulbophyllum Thouars
A

* tuberculatum Col. Trans.R.S.N.Z. 16.1884.336.

B

pygmaeum (Smith) Ldl. Gen.Et Spec.Orch. 1830.58.

22
Sarcochilus R.Br.
A

adversus Hook.f. Flor.Nov.Zel. 1.1853.241.

References

The following list of papers containing revised descriptions and illustrations of the New Zealand orchids will probably be useful.

Trans.R.S.N.Z. 75.1945.367-370 — Corybas, Caladenia, Acianthus, Prasophyllum, Pterostylis.

" 76.1946.58-60 — check list of species common to Australia and New Zealand.

" 76.1947.289-293 — Prasophyllum.

" 76.1947.572-573 — Acianthus.

" 76.1947.574-580 — Corybas.

" 77.1949.226-249 — Aporostylis, Townsonia, Chiloglottis, Lyperanthus, Gastrodia, Pterostylis, Calochilus.

" 77.1949.398-402 — Petalochilus, Caladenia.

" 78.1950.101-105 — Dendrobium, Earina, Bulbophyllum, Sarcochilus, Pterostylis.

" in print — Corybas.

" in print — Thelymitra, Adenochilus, Caleana, Orthoceras, Microtis, Spiranthes.

The cover illustration is by E. Mervyn Taylor.

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