The Caucasians the Migratory Division of Mankind

(4) It is different with the Caucasian. Climatic changes or earth-movements must have early forced upon him the migratory habit. He is probably, with his tall frame, long head, and hair elliptical in section, a primeval offshoot of the African Negro, isolated from his original by some such fence as the growing desiccation of the Sahara. And his first breeding-ground was the region around the Mediterranean, which was in Tertiary and early Quaternary times bridged in three places, Gibraltar, across Sicily, and across the Isles of Greece.

(5) In North Africa and Southern Europe the prevailing type is an olive-complexioned, dark-haired variety of the long-head. But there is liberally sprinkled not only on the northern shores of the Mediterranean, but amongst the Berbers of North Africa, a blue-eyed and fair-haired long-head. And the large numbers of this type are not to be accounted for merely by the intrusion of the Goths and Vandals into the Mediterranean region during the late Roman Empire. Long before the Goth, long before the Roman, appeared on the scene, there is evidence of a light-complexioned race page 20around the Mediterranean. On the Egyptian temples of fifteen centuries before our era there is figured a people with red cheeks, blue eyes, and red or light hair; and this is called Libyan or North African. Nay, Professor Flinders Petrie describes the "new race" whose remains he discovered near Abydos, in Egypt, some ten years ago, as "very tall and powerful, with strong features, a hooked nose, long pointed beard, and brown wavy hair, closely akin to the allied races of the Libyans and the Amorites"; and the graves out of which the remains came are five thousand years old. And away to the west, in the Canary Islands, one type of Guanche that has been found among the human remains, in their caves, is tall, long-headed, and light in complexion, eyes and hair. No wonder that the Kabyles, the Highlanders of Algeria, are in many cases fair-complexioned and blonde-haired, and that the Berbers of North Morocco are often fair, blue-eyed, and yellow-bearded, whilst down into the Sahara many of the Tuaregs are of the same type.