But the Caucasian Blondes are more Predominant
along the Northern Route

(11) But it is on the northern route that there is most evidence of the lighter Caucasian strain. The light colour and European features of the Turks and the Finns is not due merely to their absorbing Europeans in later times in Europe. At the beginning of our era the Finnish tribes had not yet reached Finland, but dwelt east of the Gulf of Finland, whilst it is only in recent historical times that the Turks invaded Europe. Long before either of these races reached the Ural Mountains or the Caspian Sea they had grown light in colour and often blue-eyed, in short had become Caucasianised. They are, therefore, classed as a separate division of the Mongoloids, as the Ural-Altai division. The Turks, though in their original home the Altai Mountains, about the headwaters of the Yenesei, as much influenced in appearance by the blonde Caucasians as their neighbours the Finns were, have become more brunette in their progress south-westwards page 24through contact with the darker type of the Caucasians. But the Finn has become as blonde and blue-eyed as the Scandinavian, in spite of his round Mongol head and his Turanian language. The steppes between the Central Asiatic plateau and the Urals were evidently in prehistoric times as full of Caucasians, and those chiefly blonde Caucasians, as the steppes of Russia were. And it was by their gradual absorption that the Turks and Finns on their progress westward have become so European in appearance whilst retaining the Mongol head.

(12) Farther east, too, on the boundary between Siberia and Mongolia, to the south and east of Lake Baikal, relics of a long-headed race have been found, skulls which differ completely from the round heads of the Mongols now universal there. The absence of European features amongst this people now means that the long-heads were driven out by their Mongol conquerors. In Manchuria, on the contrary, the Dauri, who live on the Amur, alongside the Manchus, have a strong intermixture of Caucasian' blood; they are tall, oval-faced, regular-featured, narrow-cheeked, large-nosed, and brown-haired. And when we get to Korea, we find the upper classes and many in the south marked by the light eyes, large nose, fair skin, full beard, brown hair, and tall stature of the North European. And in the early Chinese records there are numerous references to white tribes, with whom the emperors had to deal. The Wusuns, a nation in Central Mongolia, are oftenest spoken of, and they are described in the annals of the Han dynasty as a tall, fair race, with red hair and green eyes. Against them, amongst others, the Great Wall was erected early in the second century before our era. They were driven westwards, first into Dzungaria on the boundary between Mongolia and Chinese Turkestan, and finally into the basin of the Tarim River to the east of the Thian Shan Mountains.

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(13) Thus have we brought our Caucasians in two places to the shores of the Pacific in neolithic as well as in palaeolithic times; and on the northern route at least many of them are of the blue-eyed, blonde type of Northern Europe. Was the ocean an obstruction they could not master?