Maori and Polynesian: their origin, history and culture
Contents
- Maori and Polynesian
-
Chapter I — The Footprints of Primitive Man in — Monumental Stone p. 1
- The Relics of Man preserved by the Earth give his — most Permanent Record p. 1
- The Colossal-stone Record goes back Thousands — of Years p. 2
- There is a Definite Megalithic Track across the — Old World from the Atlantic to the Pacific p. 3
- This Track passes from Japan over Micronesia and — Polynesia to the American Coast
- There is a southern megalithic track; but it was by — the northern that the megalithic people entered — polynesia p. 5
- The Engineering Skill implied in these Megalithic — Monuments indicates a Race, and that a Maritime — Raceevidently the Caucasian p. 6
-
Chapter II — The Meaning of the Colossal-Stone — Record p. 9
- There are Explanations of the Origin of Megalithic — Monuments that differ in every Locality p. 9
- The Genesis of a Special House set apart for the — Dead is the belief in the After Existence of the — Spirit
- Caves were the First Dwelling-places of Man, and — the First Artificial Houses of the Dead are — Imitations of Caves; hence the Mounds — and Megalithic Structures p. 10
- As Houses of the Dead they became Houses of — Worship or Altars p. 12
- The Use of Iron Tools and Mortar closed the — Megalithic Era in a Locality p. 13
- The Inscriptions and Carvings on some of these — Monuments often belong to a Later Age p. 14
- There are two Megalithic Routes from the Mediterranean — to the Pacific, neither of them Mongoloid — or Negroid p. 15
- It is the Medium Head of the Caucasian that follows — these Routes p. 16
- The Head-form marks off Races best. In the Caucasian — it is Medium, in the Negroid Long, in the Mongoloid — Short. But the Caucasian is also generally Much-haired, Wavy-haired, Light-complexioned, and — Maritime
-
Chapter III — European-Like Races on the Colossal- — Stone Route p. 18
- The Breeding-places of the Mongol and the Negro p. 18
- The Caucasians the Migratory Division of Mankind p. 19
- The Evolution of the Northern Blonde and his — Appearance in the South p. 20
- A Wave of Dark-haired Caucasians overflowed — Southern Asia and Australia in the Old Stone Age p. 21
- In the Caucasian Migrations into Southern Asia — during the new stone age blondes appear p. 22
- But the Caucasian Blondes are more Predominant — along the Northern Route p. 23
-
Chapter IV — Traces of European-Like Peoples in — the Pacific p. 26
- The Ainos p. 26
- An Earlier Caucasian People before the Ainos p. 27
- Great Mixture of Peoples in the Islands to — the South
- The Spaniards found the Islanders of the Ladrones — and Carolines mixed, but seem to indicate a Fair — Race in the Blancos p. 29
- The Route of the Megalithic People was along the — East of the Carolines p. 30
- Clear Evidence of a Fair Race having been Absorbed — by the Polynesians p. 31
- The Fairy Peoples of Maori Legend are all European- — like, and in all Countries Fairies are the Defeated — Aborigines p. 33
- They Taught the Polynesian Immigrants Gentler — Ways of Life p. 34
- They Taught the Polynesian Immigrants Various — Arts p. 35
- Traces of a Fair-haired Race in the Other Groups p. 36
- Polynesia with its Father-right Divides the Mother- — right of Melanesia and Papuasia from the Mother- — right of America, and affiliates with the North — Pacific p. 37
-
Chapter V — When did the Caucasians Migrate into the — Pacific; and When was the Pacific Closed p. 39
- [introduction] p. 39
- Prehistoric Movements of Caucasians and Mongols, — and their causes
- An Ancient Mongoloid Empire in Mesopotamia p. 41
- Copper Defines the Time Vaguely p. 42
- Bronze Defines Time Better p. 43
- Iron gives the Most Definite Time p. 44
- Not Since our Era has there been any Immigration — Into Polynesia p. 45
-
Chapter VI — The North Pacific and the Polynesians p. 47
- Paradises p. 47
- The Polynesian Spirit-road
- Japan and Polynesia p. 49
- The North-west Coast of America and Polynesia p. 51
- The Polynesian Steam-oven is North Temperate or — Sub-Arctic in Origin p. 52
- Pottery, Steam Cooking, and Stone Lamps p. 54
- Affinity of Polynesian and Columbian Social Systems p. 55
- Houses, Canoes, and Carving in Polynesia and — North-west America p. 57
- No Difficulty in the Seeming Racial Differences p. 59
- Innumerable Ethnological Resemblances p. 60
- Northward-pointing Traits in Polynesian Culture p. 62
-
Chapter VII — The Stratification of the Maori, as Seen in — his Customs p. 64
- New Zealand as the Cul-de-Sac of the Pacific is the — Best Polynesian Example of Ethnological Stratification p. 64
- An Astonishing Contradiction in the Emotional — Attitude of the Polynesians p. 65
- The Treatment of Women most easily tests a — Civilisation p. 66
- There is Nothing that a Race conserves so long or — so Tenaciously as Eurial Customs p. 69
- But the most Fundamental Phase of a People's Culture — is its Social Order and its Relationship to Land; — and here there is evidence in polynesia not — merely of adaptation to environment, but of — Inter-mixture of Race p. 72
- Religion is the Greatest Conservator of the Past p. 76
-
Chapter VIII — The Stratification of the Maori, as Seen — in his Language p. 81
- [introduction] p. 81
- Maori Grammar, like English, is the Result of the — Collision of two Languages p. 82
- It was in Indonesia that this Evolution was accomplished p. 84
- But the Phonology was modified in Polynesia, and — thus shows an aboriginal influence p. 87
- This Loss of Sounds has by Assimilation brought — Incongruous Meanings under the Same Words p. 89
- The Roots of Polynesian Words are Frequently — Identical with Indo-European p. 91
- Every Indication Points to a Pre-Malayan Caucasian — Race in Indonesia Speaking an Aryan Tongue p. 95
-
Chapter IX — The Last Migration into Polynesia p. 98
- The Genealogies of the Race p. 98
- The Ancestry of the Polynesians came to Java a — Century or two before our Era, and there — changed Rice for Breadfruit as their Staple — Food p. 100
- Language and Ethnology are Surer Evidences of — Origin p. 102
- The Most Likely Starting-point was the Coast of — the punjaub p. 104
- The Early Vedic System is the only Religion in — South Asia to which the Polynesian Mythology — shows any Affinity p. 105
- The Last Polynesian Migration did not come from — a Semitic Country or Race p. 107
- They found their way into the Pacific by the — Central Route, passing South-eastwards along — the North-east Coasts of New Guinea and — Melanesia p. 109
- There are Traces of the Negroid even amongst — the Upper Classes p. 111
-
Chapter X — Polynesian Religious and Mythological — Ideas p. 113
- The Evolution of Religion and Myth p. 113
- The Polynesian Religion mingles all Stages p. 116
- The Maori Ideas resemble the Teutonic more, yet — with South Asiatic Elements p. 117
- In Ancestor-Worship and Maritime Demigods there is — the same General Resemblance p. 119
- Aryan and Polynesian Culture looks to the Cold — North, and so does the Myth of the Discovery — of Artificial Fire p. 121
- Some of Maui's Feats Explained p. 125
-
Chapter XI — Polynesian Theogony and Mythology p. 127
- Sun-myths p. 127
- Ra, a Primeval Sun-deity from the North p. 130
- South Asiatic Mysticism and Tendency to Monotheism — are Evident in the more Obscure Worships p. 131
- The Natural Affinity of the Polynesian Mind for a — Vague Philosophy points to Early Aryan India p. 133
- The Myths of the Deluge are coloured by — the Bible, not so the Myths of the Under-world p. 138
- The Maori Myths of a Future Life have Strong — Resemblance to those of Aryan Races
- All of them are Unmoral, with a Seed of the — Moral in them to be Developed p. 142
- The Western Polynesian Paradise differs from the — Eastern p. 143
- In Maori Mythology the Paradise of the Northern — Immigrants is often Confused with that of the — South Asiatic Immigrants p. 145
-
Chapter XII — Polynesian Arts and Industries: The — Primitive and the Architectural p. 147
- [introduction] p. 147
- Polynesia remained in the Stone Age
- It is Both Palaeolithic and Neolithic p. 149
- No Pottery in Polynesia p. 150
- It is Primitive in Fire-making p. 151
- The Women kept these Primitive Customs Alive p. 152
- Evidence of Stratification in Housebuilding p. 154
- Evidences of Stratification in Canoe-building p. 157
-
Chapter XIII — Lynesian Textile, Military, — Al, and Agricultural Arts p. 161
- [introduction] p. 161
- The Textile Art, as belonging to Woman, shows — little Stratification
- Fishing, Netting, and Rope-making were Aristocratic — Employments p. 165
- A Great Contrast between the Textiles and the — Instruments for producing them p. 167
- Their Military Engineering is strikingly Modern
- Their Weapons are strikingly Primeval p. 169
- They are as Primitive in Agriculture and Hunting p. 171
- The Medical Art of the Maoris is wholly Polynesian — and exorcistic p. 174
-
Chapter XIV — Polynesian Art: Carving and Tattooing p. 178
- When the Arts become Masculine, Art Develops; — but in Priestly Hands it becomes Conventional p. 178
- Polynesian Art had reached the Conventional Stage, — but with Great Luxuriance in the South p. 180
- The Origin of the Maori Curve and Spiral p. 182
- Tattooing may have given the Cue p. 183
- Whence the Spiral in Tattooing? p. 184
- Tattooing the Face was a Fine Art p. 187
- War was the Primary Aim of Tattooing p. 189
-
Chapter XV — Polynesian Art: Carving and Design p. 191
- The Canoe Spiral had probably a Different Origin — from the Tattooed Spiral p. 191
- The Human Figures in the Canoe Ornamentation — are unstoried p. 192
- House-carving revels in the Human Figure p. 194
- Ancestor-worship and the Sense of the Supernatural — inspire it p. 195
- Their Stone-carving is Elementary p. 198
- The Designs on Baskets and Mats are Poor p. 199
- There is more Freedom in the Rafter-paintings p. 200
-
Chapter XVI — Polynesian Art: Dance, Games, Music p. 202
- Dance and Music are Siamese Twins in Early Times p. 202
- Polynesian Dancing shows Signs of its Religious — Origin p. 203
- The Appearance of Women in the Dance marks the — Decay of its Religious Significance p. 205
- Children's Games show the Marks of Discarded — Religious Rites p. 206
- The Dance evolved Oratory in New Zealand and — the Histrionic Art in Polynesia p. 209
- The Elementary Character of the Music hampered the Development of the Dancing Art p. 211
- The Drum and Percussive Instruments were their — Favourite aids to Singing, and again reveal the — Primitive Character of their Culture
- Their Flutes were Extremely Primitive, and the — Nose-flute was Exceptional and obstructed — Musical Development p. 213
- The Trumpet is Ceremonial p. 214
- The Rarity of Stringed Instruments is accounted — for by the Rarity of the Bow p. 215
-
Chapter XVII — Polynesian Art: The Literary p. 217
- Literature comes Long before Writing, and Prose is — the First to be Secularised p. 217
- Hence the Prose Legends of Polynesia are Full of — Variations and Contradictions p. 218
- The Secularisation is an Evidence of Mixture of — Race p. 220
- The Later Legends were composed more in the Style — of our Fairy Romances, and reveal an Advance — in Morality p. 221
- The Incantations remained Musical and Religious to — the End, and evidently belonged to the Last — Immigrants and Conquerors p. 222
- There was no Need for Metrical Aids in the Old — Poetry, which was never divorced from Music, — and seldom from dance p. 227
- Prose was Democratised, Poetry remained largely — Aristocratic p. 229
-
Chapter XVIII — The Antiquity of Man in Polynesia as Seen — in his Traditions and Relics p. 230
- The Malayo-Polynesian Fallacy fixed the Genesis of — Human Occupation of Polynesia in the Thirteenth — Century p. 230
- The Evidence of the Genealogies takes the Genesis — of Man in the Region back to the beginning of our — Era p. 231
- The Development of the Art of War in New — Zealand Proves a Large Pre-Polynesian Population p. 232
- The Rapid Growth of Population proves the Same p. 234
- The Land-hunger of the Maoris implies a Large — Population to dispute their Possession of the — Country
- Slavery and the Maori Horror of it prove a — Large Aboriginal Population p. 235
- Legend tells the same Story
- The Legends of Immigration into the South Island — take us back Generations before our Era p. 236
- The Mounds of Human Refuse in New Zealand point — back Thousands of Years p. 238
- The finding of Stone Implements Dozens of Feet — below the Surface also points back Thousands — of Years p. 241
-
Chapter XIX — The Antiquity of Man in Polynesia as Seen — in His Culture p. 244
- No Immigration from the South of Asia since the — Beginning of the Iron Age, None from the East — of the Continent since the Beginning of the — Copper Age p. 244
- The Culture of Polynesia points back to Palaeolithic — Times p. 245
- The Absence of Pottery and the Bow Proves that — there was no Negroid Substratum p. 246
- From no Pacific Region could a Potteryless People — have come since Palaeolithic Times p. 247
- The Lack of a Spindle points the Same Way p. 248
- The Fire-plough Must have entered Polynesia Before — the Patriarchate was developed by the — Caucasians p. 249
- Much of the Food Supply and the Agriculture — points back to the Old Stone Age as the Time — of the Migrations that included Women p. 250
- Clearly there was a Primitive Route from Japan, — with Islands separated only by Narrow Straits p. 252
- Neolithic Immigration came in Ocean-going Canoes — and without Women p. 253
-
Chapter XX — Recapitulation and Conclusion p. 256
- The Primary Problems of Polynesia are Three p. 256
- Put the Three Together, and they are Solved p. 257
- The Language Question obstructed the Solution p. 259
- How Early Palaeolithic Culture entered is the — Fundamental Problem p. 260
- There must have been a more or less Incontinuous — Land-bridge from the Coast of Asia p. 261
- New Migrations from the North began in Neolithic Times; — but these were only Masculine p. 263
- There are Strata on Strata of Culture p. 264
- In the Arts the Oldest are the Women's, those — Sacred to the Men are Newer p. 265
- The Last Immigrants from South Asia brought Negroid — Blood and Cannibalism p. 266
- No Migration from the North after the Sixth Century — before our Era, and None from the South after — its BeginningNone from a People with an — Alphabet p. 267
- The Methods adopted in the Book p. 268
-
Chapter I — The Footprints of Primitive Man in — Monumental Stone p. 1