Samoan Material Culture

Samoan Material Culture

Contents

Introduction
Houses
- General Features p. 8
- Terminology p. 10
- Types of Houses p. 11
  - Carpenter Shed p. 11
  - Canoe Shed
- Cooking Houses — Types and methods of construction p. 13
- Dwelling Houses p. 16
- Guest Houses p. 19
- The long guest house p. 20
- The round guest house
  - Preparation p. 22
  - Itu Middle Section
  - Tala rounded end sections p. 45
- The Roof
  - [introduction] p. 60
  - House platforms p. 66
  - Names of houses p. 69
  - Spirit houses or temples p. 70
  - Store houses
  - House furnishings p. 71
  - Mat collecting p. 75
  - Protection of houses p. 82
  - Traditional origin of the samoan house
  - Guild of builders p. 84
  - Society trade marks p. 86
  - Contracts
  - Feasts
  - Ceremony of raising posts p. 91
  - The final feast p. 96
  - Ceremonial positions
  - Number of collar beams p. 97
Cooking Utensils, Food, and Kava
- The kitchen p. 98
- Fire
- Firewood p. 99
- The earth oven p. 100
- Tongs p. 101
- Leaf covers p. 102
- Processes in food preparation p. 103
- Vessels and bowls p. 104
- Food utensils p. 108
- Miscellaneous p. 115
Foods
- Varieties and use p. 119
- Flesh foods
- Vegetable foods p. 127
- Resume of cooking processes p. 136
- Meals p. 137
- Serving p. 139
- Food customs p. 140
- The stranger's post p. 146
Kava
- [introduction] p. 147
- Utensils
- Kava bowls p. 148
- Kava drinking cups p. 150
- The strainer p. 151
- Stone anvils and beaters p. 152
- Preparation of the beverage p. 153
- Serving p. 154
- Kava cup titles p. 158
- Kava naming ceremony p. 159
- The usual ceremony p. 160
- Status of kava p. 163
Plaiting
- [introduction] p. 164
- Terminology p. 165
- Material p. 168
- House accessories p. 169
- Coconut leaf food platters
- Baskets
  - [introduction] p. 189
  - Common types
  - Fishing baskets p. 195
  - Chief's basket p. 200
  - Round baskets p. 202
  - Breadfruit cover
  - Miscellaneous baskets p. 205
  - Pandanus leaf baskets
  - Baskets for storing
  - Four-cornered baskets with round rims p. 207
  - Baskets made of sennit
  - Baskets in coiled work
- Mats
  - Coconut-leaf mats p. 209
  - Pandanus mats p. 211
  - Papa or paongo mats p. 214
  - Fala mats p. 216
  - Right angled plaiting p. 225
  - Lau'ie sleeping mats
  - Decoration in Samoan plaiting p. 227
  - Eye shades p. 231
- Twines, cords, and ropes
  - Material
  - Terminology p. 232
  - Threads or fine cords p. 233
  - Twisted cords
  - Sennit two-ply cord
  - Three-ply twisted cords
  - Sennit three-ply braid
  - Four-ply round sennit p. 244
  - Four-ply braid
  - Five-ply braid
  - Ropes
  - Plaiting customs p. 247
Clothing
- [introduction] p. 249
- Kilts
- Plaited Kilts
- Textile kilts p. 259
- Shaggy garments
- Transitional Garments p. 274
- Fine Mats — Materials and Implements
- Bark Cloth p. 282
  - [introduction] p. 282
  - Materials and Technique p. 283
  - Bundling Process p. 287
  - Beating the Bast
  - Stretching p. 291
  - Drying p. 292
  - Closing the Holes
  - The compilation of siapo cloth p. 294
  - Plain Siapo
- Dyes
  - Varieties and Methods of Preparation p. 297
  - Colored Designs on Bark Cloth p. 304
  - Samoan Method of Dyeing Cloth p. 306
  - Varieties of Rubbed Cloth p. 312
  - Uses of Bark Cloth
  - Smoked Cloth p. 313
- Sandals
  - [introduction]
  - Significance of Clothing, Customs, and Usages p. 316
  - Famous Mats p. 319
Stonework
- [introduction] p. 321
- Unworked Stone
- Walls p. 322
- Stone Roads p. 323
- Stone House p. 324
- Analysis of Data p. 326
- The Seat of Sina p. 328
- Ruins in Vaivasa Valley
- Propitiatory Rocks p. 329
- Tupua Rocks
- Worked Stone p. 330
- Adzes
  - [introduction] p. 332
  - Terminology p. 333
  - Quadrangular Adzes
  - Triangular Adzes
  - Summary of Types and Technique
  - Adz Hafting p. 356
- Miscellaneous Stone Tools
  - Chisels
  - Gouges
  - Stone Coconut Graters
  - Knives and Scrapers
  - Sinkers p. 369
  - Anchors
  - Squid Lure Sinkers
  - Throwing Discs and Other Artifacts
  - Summary p. 370
Canoes
- [introduction]
- Dugout Canoes p. 371
- Plank Canoes
- The Small Dugout Canoe p. 372
- The Medium Dugout Canoe p. 378
- The Large Dugout Canoe
- Plank Canoes
  - The Bonito Plank Canoe p. 380
  - The Three Boom Plank Canoe p. 404
  - The Boat Canoe
  - The Double Canoe p. 407
  - Customs And Usage p. 414
  - History p. 417
Fishing
- General Features p. 418
- Snares p. 420
- Shark Noose and its Uses p. 422
- Floats p. 427
- Torches p. 428
- Coconut Leaf Sweeps p. 429
- Leaf Weirs and Dams p. 432
- Lures p. 434
- Fish Spears p. 438
- Bow and Arrow p. 439
- Scoops
- Fish Narcotizing p. 443
- Walled Fish Weirs p. 444
- Fish Traps p. 446
- Manipulated Trap p. 447
- Self Acting Traps p. 449
- The Lobster Pot Trap p. 450
- The Separate Funnel Trap p. 454
- Double Entrancs Trap p. 458
- Bamboo Double Entrance Trap p. 463
- Sea Eel Trap p. 466
- Nets
  - [introduction] p. 469
  - Netting Material p. 470
  - Technique
  - Types of Nets p. 474
  - Hand Nets
  - Casting Net
  - Seine Nets p. 482
- Angling
  - Cobwebs and Gorges p. 489
  - Hooks p. 490
  - Baited Hooks
  - Trolling Hooks p. 494
  - The Large Troiaing Hook p. 497
  - Bonito Trolling Hook
  - Hand Line Trolling Hooks p. 510
  - Hand Rod Trolling Hooks p. 514
  - Usage and Custom p. 517
- Snakes p. 523
Hunting
- [introduction] p. 524
- Traps
- Nets p. 526
- Hooking Appliance
- Fowling
  - [introduction]
  - Snares p. 527
  - Traps
  - Bow and Arrow p. 530
  - Pigeon Netting p. 532
  - Tern Netting p. 541
  - Food, Sport, and Social Influence
Horticulture p. 544
- [introduction] p. 544
- Implements p. 545
- Cultivable Food Plants p. 546
- Textile Plants p. 549
- Fruit Plants
- Scarecrows p. 551
- Prohibitions and Myths
- Remarks
Games and Recreations
- Toys p. 552
- Swings and Skipping Ropes
- Stilts
- Sliding
- Tops p. 553
- Jackstones
- Water Tip-Cat p. 555
- Kites and Flying Leaves
- Pigeon Frying p. 556
- String Figures p. 557
- Jack Straws p. 563
- Disc Pitching
- Disc Throwing p. 565
- Dart Throwing p. 566
- Spear Throwing p. 570
- Club Matches p. 572
- Summary p. 573
Musical Instruments p. 574
- [introduction] p. 574
- Dance Time Implements
- The Wooden Gongs p. 575
- The Drum p. 578
- Trumpets
- Sound Instruments p. 580
- Dance Accessories p. 581
- Summary
Weapons
- Clubs p. 583
- Billet Clubs p. 588
- Rootstock Clubs
- Mace Clubs p. 589
- Coconut Stalk Clubs
- The Eight-Spiked Club p. 592
- The Bilateral-Toothed Club p. 594
- Paddle Clubs p. 596
- The Ear-Shaped, Or Mushroom Club p. 601
- The Unilateral-Toothed and Hook Clubs p. 603
- Doubtful Clubs p. 606
- Short Clubs
- Spears
- Slings
- War Accessories p. 609
- Carving
- Summary
Religious Objects p. 613
Personal Adornment and Decoration
- Headdresses p. 615
- Hair Ornamentation p. 619
- Combs p. 622
- Ear Ornaments
- Necklaces p. 628
- Breast Ornaments p. 630
- Armlets and Anklets
- Body Decoration
- Staffs p. 631
- Fly Whisks
- Fans p. 633
- Summary p. 634
Tattooing
- [introduction] p. 635
- Implements p. 636
- Tattooing Motifs p. 641
- The Operation
- The Navel p. 653
- Variation in Design Elements p. 654
- Remarks p. 655
- Women's Tattooing p. 656
- Tattooing Motifs
- The Operation p. 658
- Traditional Origin
- Customs p. 660
Conclusion
- [introduction] p. 661
- Culture and Race p. 664
- Houses p. 665
- Food p. 667
- Plaiting
- Clothing p. 668
- Stonework p. 670
- Canoes p. 671
- Fishing p. 676
- Hunting
- Horticulture p. 677
- Games
- Musical Instruments
- Weapons p. 678
- Summary
Literature Cited p. 681
Explanation of Plates p. 683