Samoan Material Culture

Contents

• • [covers]
  • [title page]
  • Contents p. I
  • Illustrations p. V
  • [map of Samoa]
• Samoan Material Culture
  • Introduction
  • Houses
    • General Features p. 8
    • Terminology p. 10
    • Types of Houses p. 11
      • Carpenter Shed p. 11
      • Canoe Shed
    • Cooking Houses — Types and methods of construction p. 13
    • Dwelling Houses p. 16
    • Guest Houses p. 19
    • The long guest house p. 20
    • The round guest house
      • Preparation p. 22
      • Itu Middle Section
      • Tala rounded end sections p. 45
    • The Roof
      • [introduction] p. 60
      • House platforms p. 66
      • Names of houses p. 69
      • Spirit houses or temples p. 70
      • Store houses
      • House furnishings p. 71
      • Mat collecting p. 75
      • Protection of houses p. 82
      • Traditional origin of the samoan house
      • Guild of builders p. 84
      • Society trade marks p. 86
      • Contracts
      • Feasts
      • Ceremony of raising posts p. 91
      • The final feast p. 96
      • Ceremonial positions
      • Number of collar beams p. 97
  • Cooking Utensils, Food, and Kava
    • The kitchen p. 98
    • Fire
    • Firewood p. 99
    • The earth oven p. 100
    • Tongs p. 101
    • Leaf covers p. 102
    • Processes in food preparation p. 103
    • Vessels and bowls p. 104
    • Food utensils p. 108
    • Miscellaneous p. 115
  • Foods
    • Varieties and use p. 119
    • Flesh foods
    • Vegetable foods p. 127
    • Resume of cooking processes p. 136
    • Meals p. 137
    • Serving p. 139
    • Food customs p. 140
    • The stranger's post p. 146
  • Kava
    • [introduction] p. 147
    • Utensils
    • Kava bowls p. 148
    • Kava drinking cups p. 150
    • The strainer p. 151
    • Stone anvils and beaters p. 152
    • Preparation of the beverage p. 153
    • Serving p. 154
    • Kava cup titles p. 158
    • Kava naming ceremony p. 159
    • The usual ceremony p. 160
    • Status of kava p. 163
  • Plaiting
    • [introduction] p. 164
    • Terminology p. 165
    • Material p. 168
    • House accessories p. 169
    • Coconut leaf food platters
    • Baskets
      • [introduction] p. 189
      • Common types
      • Fishing baskets p. 195
      • Chief's basket p. 200
      • Round baskets p. 202
      • Breadfruit cover
      • Miscellaneous baskets p. 205
      • Pandanus leaf baskets
      • Baskets for storing
      • Four-cornered baskets with round rims p. 207
      • Baskets made of sennit
      • Baskets in coiled work
    • Mats
      • Coconut-leaf mats p. 209
      • Pandanus mats p. 211
      • Papa or paongo mats p. 214
      • Fala mats p. 216
      • Right angled plaiting p. 225
      • Lau'ie sleeping mats
      • Decoration in Samoan plaiting p. 227
      • Eye shades p. 231
    • Twines, cords, and ropes
      • Material
      • Terminology p. 232
      • Threads or fine cords p. 233
      • Twisted cords
      • Sennit two-ply cord
      • Three-ply twisted cords
      • Sennit three-ply braid
      • Four-ply round sennit p. 244
      • Four-ply braid
      • Five-ply braid
      • Ropes
      • Plaiting customs p. 247
  • Clothing
    • [introduction] p. 249
    • Kilts
    • Plaited Kilts
    • Textile kilts p. 259
    • Shaggy garments
    • Transitional Garments p. 274
    • Fine Mats — Materials and Implements
    • Bark Cloth p. 282
      • [introduction] p. 282
      • Materials and Technique p. 283
      • Bundling Process p. 287
      • Beating the Bast
      • Stretching p. 291
      • Drying p. 292
      • Closing the Holes
      • The compilation of siapo cloth p. 294
      • Plain Siapo
    • Dyes
      • Varieties and Methods of Preparation p. 297
      • Colored Designs on Bark Cloth p. 304
      • Samoan Method of Dyeing Cloth p. 306
      • Varieties of Rubbed Cloth p. 312
      • Uses of Bark Cloth
      • Smoked Cloth p. 313
    • Sandals
      • [introduction]
      • Significance of Clothing, Customs, and Usages p. 316
      • Famous Mats p. 319
  • Stonework
    • [introduction] p. 321
    • Unworked Stone
    • Walls p. 322
    • Stone Roads p. 323
    • Stone House p. 324
    • Analysis of Data p. 326
    • The Seat of Sina p. 328
    • Ruins in Vaivasa Valley
    • Propitiatory Rocks p. 329
    • Tupua Rocks
    • Worked Stone p. 330
    • Adzes
      • [introduction] p. 332
      • Terminology p. 333
      • Quadrangular Adzes
      • Triangular Adzes
      • Summary of Types and Technique
      • Adz Hafting p. 356
    • Miscellaneous Stone Tools
      • Chisels
      • Gouges
      • Stone Coconut Graters
      • Knives and Scrapers
      • Sinkers p. 369
      • Anchors
      • Squid Lure Sinkers
      • Throwing Discs and Other Artifacts
      • Summary p. 370
  • Canoes
    • [introduction]
    • Dugout Canoes p. 371
    • Plank Canoes
    • The Small Dugout Canoe p. 372
    • The Medium Dugout Canoe p. 378
    • The Large Dugout Canoe
    • Plank Canoes
      • The Bonito Plank Canoe p. 380
      • The Three Boom Plank Canoe p. 404
      • The Boat Canoe
      • The Double Canoe p. 407
      • Customs And Usage p. 414
      • History p. 417
  • Fishing
    • General Features p. 418
    • Snares p. 420
    • Shark Noose and its Uses p. 422
    • Floats p. 427
    • Torches p. 428
    • Coconut Leaf Sweeps p. 429
    • Leaf Weirs and Dams p. 432
    • Lures p. 434
    • Fish Spears p. 438
    • Bow and Arrow p. 439
    • Scoops
    • Fish Narcotizing p. 443
    • Walled Fish Weirs p. 444
    • Fish Traps p. 446
    • Manipulated Trap p. 447
    • Self Acting Traps p. 449
    • The Lobster Pot Trap p. 450
    • The Separate Funnel Trap p. 454
    • Double Entrancs Trap p. 458
    • Bamboo Double Entrance Trap p. 463
    • Sea Eel Trap p. 466
    • Nets
      • [introduction] p. 469
      • Netting Material p. 470
      • Technique
      • Types of Nets p. 474
      • Hand Nets
      • Casting Net
      • Seine Nets p. 482
    • Angling
      • Cobwebs and Gorges p. 489
      • Hooks p. 490
      • Baited Hooks
      • Trolling Hooks p. 494
      • The Large Troiaing Hook p. 497
      • Bonito Trolling Hook
      • Hand Line Trolling Hooks p. 510
      • Hand Rod Trolling Hooks p. 514
      • Usage and Custom p. 517
    • Snakes p. 523
  • Hunting
    • [introduction] p. 524
    • Traps
    • Nets p. 526
    • Hooking Appliance
    • Fowling
      • [introduction]
      • Snares p. 527
      • Traps
      • Bow and Arrow p. 530
      • Pigeon Netting p. 532
      • Tern Netting p. 541
      • Food, Sport, and Social Influence
  • Horticulture p. 544
    • [introduction] p. 544
    • Implements p. 545
    • Cultivable Food Plants p. 546
    • Textile Plants p. 549
    • Fruit Plants
    • Scarecrows p. 551
    • Prohibitions and Myths
    • Remarks
  • Games and Recreations
    • Toys p. 552
    • Swings and Skipping Ropes
    • Stilts
    • Sliding
    • Tops p. 553
    • Jackstones
    • Water Tip-Cat p. 555
    • Kites and Flying Leaves
    • Pigeon Frying p. 556
    • String Figures p. 557
    • Jack Straws p. 563
    • Disc Pitching
    • Disc Throwing p. 565
    • Dart Throwing p. 566
    • Spear Throwing p. 570
    • Club Matches p. 572
    • Summary p. 573
  • Musical Instruments p. 574
    • [introduction] p. 574
    • Dance Time Implements
    • The Wooden Gongs p. 575
    • The Drum p. 578
    • Trumpets
    • Sound Instruments p. 580
    • Dance Accessories p. 581
    • Summary
  • Weapons
    • Clubs p. 583
    • Billet Clubs p. 588
    • Rootstock Clubs
    • Mace Clubs p. 589
    • Coconut Stalk Clubs
    • The Eight-Spiked Club p. 592
    • The Bilateral-Toothed Club p. 594
    • Paddle Clubs p. 596
    • The Ear-Shaped, Or Mushroom Club p. 601
    • The Unilateral-Toothed and Hook Clubs p. 603
    • Doubtful Clubs p. 606
    • Short Clubs
    • Spears
    • Slings
    • War Accessories p. 609
    • Carving
    • Summary
  • Religious Objects p. 613
  • Personal Adornment and Decoration
    • Headdresses p. 615
    • Hair Ornamentation p. 619
    • Combs p. 622
    • Ear Ornaments
    • Necklaces p. 628
    • Breast Ornaments p. 630
    • Armlets and Anklets
    • Body Decoration
    • Staffs p. 631
    • Fly Whisks
    • Fans p. 633
    • Summary p. 634
  • Tattooing
    • [introduction] p. 635
    • Implements p. 636
    • Tattooing Motifs p. 641
    • The Operation
    • The Navel p. 653
    • Variation in Design Elements p. 654
    • Remarks p. 655
    • Women's Tattooing p. 656
    • Tattooing Motifs
    • The Operation p. 658
    • Traditional Origin
    • Customs p. 660
  • Conclusion
    • [introduction] p. 661
    • Culture and Race p. 664
    • Houses p. 665
    • Food p. 667
    • Plaiting
    • Clothing p. 668
    • Stonework p. 670
    • Canoes p. 671
    • Fishing p. 676
    • Hunting
    • Horticulture p. 677
    • Games
    • Musical Instruments
    • Weapons p. 678
    • Summary
  • Literature Cited p. 681
  • Explanation of Plates p. 683
• Index p. 699

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