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Manual of the New Zealand Flora.
2. Lagenophora, Cass
2. Lagenophora, Cass.
Small perennial herbs. Leaves often all radical. Scapes slender, unbranched. Heads solitary, small, heterogamous. Involucre short, almost hemispherical; bracts in about two rows, with page 272dry or scarious margins. Receptacle convex, naked. Ray-florets in 1–3 series, female, fertile, ligulate or rarely short and tubular; ligule usually white. Disc-florets numerous, hermaphrodite, tubular, with a broad 5-toothed limb. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches of the disc-florets long, flattened, with lanceolate or triangular tips. Achenes compressed, abruptly contracted at the top into a more or less distinct beak; those of the disc-florets often narrower and sterile. Pappus wanting.
A small genus of about 16 species, mainly found in Australia and New Zealand, but with outlying species in eastern Asia, the Sandwich Islands, and extra-tropical South America.
Glabrate or pilose. Leaves mostly radical; petioles slender; blade orbicular or broadly oblong. Heads ¼–½ in. diam. Achenes small, nearly straight 1. L. Forsteri. Glabrate or pilose, slender. Leaves mostly radical; petioles slender; blade orbicular or obovate. Heads ⅕–⅓ in. diam. Achenes larger, curved or falcate 2. L. petiolata. Scaberulous. Leaves mostly cauline; petioles slender; blade oblong-spathulate. Heads ¼–½ in. diam. 3. L. Barkeri. Glabrate or pilose, Leaves mostly cauline; petioles slender; blade ovate. Achene oblanceolate 4. L. purpurea. Softly hirsute. Leaves all radical; petiole broad, flat; blade obovate, pinnatifid. Heads ¼–½ in. diam. 5. L. pinnatifida. Leaves hirsute, all radical; petioles short, broad; blade oblong-spathulate. Heads ¼–⅓ in. diam. Achene glabrous 6. L. lanata. L. linearis, Petrie in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxv. (1893) 471, is Brachycome lineata, Kirk. L. emphysopus, Hook, f., an Australian species, has become naturalised on Banks Peninsula and near Wellington. It has the habit, fleshy roots, and hirsute leaves of L. lanata, but can at once be distinguished by the short stout scapes and almost tubular ray-florets.
| 1. | L. Forsteri, D.C. Prodr. v. 307.—A small daisy-like herb, either tufted or with creeping and rooting stolons furnished with tufts of radical leaves at the nodes. Leaves all radical or cauline,1½–2 in. long; petiole long, slender; blade ½–1 in., orbicular or orbicular-oblong to obovate, obtuse, narrowed into the petiole, coarsely crenate-dentate or almost lobed, almost glabrous or more or less hirsute. Scape 1–6 in. long, slender, naked or with 1–3 minute linear bracts. Heads ¼–½ in, diam.; involucral bracts linear, acute; margins thin, scarious, entire or finely jagged. Ray-florets numerous; ligules white, revolute. Achenes small, linear-obovate, straight or very slightly curved, abruptly narrowed into a short hardly viscid beak; margins thickened.—A. Cunn. Precur. n. 436; Raoul, Choix, 45; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 125; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 137; Kirk, Students' Fl. 256. Calendula pumila, Forst. Prodr. n. 305. Microcalia australis, A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 231, t. 30.
Kermadec Islands, NoRth and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands: Abundant throughout, ascending to 3000 ft. Papataniwhaniwha; Native Daisy. October–February. A variable plant, very closely connected with the three following species. page 273 |
| 2. | L. petiolata, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 125.—Habit of L. Forsteri, but smaller and much more slender. Leaves usually radical, spreading, ½–1½ in. long; petiole slender, half the length or more; blade variable in shape, obovate to orbicular, sometimes broader than long, obtuse, rather thin, acutely coarsely toothed with the teeth apiculate, more or less hairy on both surfaces, often purplish beneath. Scape very slender, strict, 2–6 in. long, usually hirsute. Heads small, ⅕–⅓ in. diam.; involucral bracts linear, acute, often purplish at the tips; margins scarious. Ray-florets numerous; ligule very narrow, revolute. Achenes rather longer and more turgid than in L. Forsteri, linear-obovate, curved or falcate, slightly glandular above, narrowed into a rather long beak; margins thickened. — Handb. N.Z. FL 137; Kirk, Students' Fl. 257. L. strangulata, Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxii. (1890) 471.
Var. minima, Cheesem.—Very small,½–2 in. high. Leaves with the petiole ½–1 in. long, membranous, dentate, sometimes lobed or pinnate at the base. Scapes filiform. Heads small.—L. Forsteri var. minima, Kirk, l.c. North and South Islands, Stewart Island: Not uncommon from the Upper Thames and Waikato southwards, ascending to 4000 ft. November–January. Var. minima: Moist rocks by the side of streams; Bay of Islands to Te Aroha. Very closely allied to L. Forsteri, but separated by the more slender habit, smaller and thinner leaves, smaller heads with shorter and narrower rays, and longer and narrower curved achenes. Mr. Kirk places the var. minima under L. Forsteri, but to me it appears much nearer to L. petiolata. |
| 3. | L. Barkeri, Kirk, Students' Fl. 257.—Stems leafy, slender, erect, 3–9 in. high. Leaves cauline, usually gradually diminishing in size upwards, 1–2 in. long; petiole about half the length; blade obovate-spathulate to narrow oblong-spathuiate, obtuse or sub-acute, gradually narrowed into the petiole, coarsely crenate-dentate, scaberulous on both surfaces. Scape shorter or longer than the leafy part of the stem, scaberulous and pilose. Head ⅓–½ in. diam.; involucral bracts linear, acute, thin, often purplish. Ray-florets numerous; ligules white, revolute. Ripe achenes not seen.
South Island: Nelson—Sphagnum swamps in the Clarence Valley and near Lake Tennyson, T. F. C. Canterbury—By the Porter River, Kirk! Craigie-burn Mountains, Cockayne! Cass River, near Lake Tekapo, T. F. C. 1500–3500 ft. December–January. Far too closely allied to L. Forsteri, from which it only differs in the leafy stems, narrower scaberulous leaves, and (according to Kirk) in the linear short-beaked achenes. |
| 4. | L. purpurea, Kirk, Students' Fl. 257.—" Stems leafy below, naked above, erect, slender, grooved, 4–6 in. high, pubescent or puberulous. Leaves (including the petiole) 1½ in. long, membranous, ovate, radical and cauline, rather distant, truncate at the base, rounded at the apex, serrate or crenate-serrate, teeth apiculate, pubescent on both surfaces, ciliate, purple beneath. Heads ⅓–½ in. page 274diam.; involucral bracts in about; 3 rows, linear, acute, with scarious margins, keeled, midrib distinct, often tipped with purple. Achenes oblanceolate, compressed, with a rather long beak and thin margins."
South Island: Otago—Catlin's River, Kirk! This appears to be founded on three immature specimens in Mr. Kirk's herbarium, and in the absence of additional information I have reproduced his description. It is probably nothing more than a large state of L. petiolata. |
| 5. | L. pinnatifida, Hook, f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 126.—Softly hairy or pilose in all its parts. Leaves all radical, spreading, 1–3 in. long, narrow obovate-oblong or obovate-spathulate, obtuse at the tip, narrowed into a long broad petiole, membranous, deeply crenate-lobed or almost pinnatifid; margins ciliate. Scapes 3–10 in. long, slender. Heads ¼–½ in. diam.; involucral bracts linear, acute, pubescent. Ray-florets numerous; ligules narrow, revolute. Achenes-compressed, obliquely linear-obovate, narrowed to the base, suddenly contracted at the tip into a short straight neck, more or less glandular-pubescent; margins thickened.—Handb N.Z. Fl. 137; Kirk, Students' Fl. 258.
North Island: Auckland, Sinclair; sandhills near Helensville, T. F. C.; East Cape, Colenso! South Island: Nelson-Wairau Valley, Kirk! T. F. C.; Marlborough, Rough! Canterbury, Sinclair and Haast; Upper Waimakariri,. T. F. C.; Otago, Lindsay, Buchanan! Petrie! Sea-level to over 2000 ft. December–January. |
| 6. | L. lanata, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 437.—Root-fibres stout, fleshy, almost tuberous. Leaves numerous, all radical, densely tufted, 1–1½ in. long, oblong- or obovate-spathulate, obtuse or subacute, narrowed into a rather short broad petiole, coriaceous, coarsely and irregularly crenate-dentate, both surfaces hirsute or villous with copious soft hairs. Scapes 2–7 in. long, slender,. wiry, erect, glabrous or nearly so, naked or with a few minute linear bracts. Heads ¼–⅓ in. diam.; involucral bracts linear, obtuse or subacute, glabrous, purple - tipped; margins scarious. Ray-florets numerous; ligules short, revolute. Achenes quite smooth, slightly falcate, compressed, narrowed at the base, suddenly contracted at the top into a short curved neck; margins thickened. —Raoul, Choix, 45; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 126; Handb. N Z. Fl. 137; Kirk, Students' Fl. 258.
North Island: Dry clay hills from Mongonui southwards to the Auckland Isthmus; not common. Easily distinguished by the hirsute leaves and glabrous scapes and achenes. |