Forest Vines to Snow Tussocks: The Story of New Zealand Plants
Contents
-
-
Chapter 1 — General Characteristics of the — New Zealand Flora p. 13
- [introduction] p. 13
-
The Isolated Island Syndrome p. 14
- [section] p. 14
- Getting There
- Adaptive Radiation p. 15
- Sexual Patterns p. 16
- Hybrids p. 17
- Lack of Brightly Coloured Flowers
- The New Zealand Pattern p. 18
- Alternative Views p. 24
- Other Special Features of the Flora p. 25
-
Chapter 2 — Conifer Broadleaf Forest: General Features — and Tropical Comparisons p. 27
- [introduction] p. 27
- Numbers of Species
- Stratification p. 30
- Specialised Roots p. 31
- Cauliflory
-
Leaf Features p. 36
- [section] p. 36
- Leaf size
- Teeth, Pulvini and Drip Tips
- Juvenile Forms p. 37
- The Deciduous Habit p. 43
- Bud Protection
- Chapter 3 — Conifer Broadleaf Forest: — Vines, Epiphytes and Parasites
- [introduction] p. 45
- Vines — Subcanopy Climbers p. 46
-
Canopy Climbers p. 51
- [section] p. 51
- Root Climbers p. 52
- Twining Stem Climbers p. 55
- Twining Leaf Petiole Climbers p. 61
- Tendril Climbers p. 62
- Hook Climbers
- Low Climbers of Forest Margins and Shrublands
- Vines Growing as Shrubs in Open Situations p. 66
- Epiphytes
- Shade Epiphytes p. 68
-
Sun Epiphytes p. 69
- [section] p. 69
- Mat Epiphytes
- Nest Epiphytes p. 72
- Pendent Epiphytes p. 74
- Small Shrub Epiphytes p. 76
- Large Shrub Epiphytes p. 79
- Tree or Strangling Epiphytes p. 83
-
Epiphytes on Tree Ferns p. 86
- [section] p. 86
- Herbaceous Species p. 88
- 'Stranglers'
- Epiphytes Growing on Rocks p. 90
- Epiphytes Growing on Leaves
- Parasites p. 93
- Root Parasites
- Branch Parasites p. 94
- Saprophytes p. 96
- Conclusion p. 97
-
Chapter 4 — Conifer Broadleaf Forest: — Patterns, Processes and Hypotheses p. 99
- [section] p. 99
- Distribution
-
The Commoner Species of the Forest Strata p. 100
- Emergents p. 100
- Canopy
- Subcanopy Trees p. 102
- Shrubs p. 103
- Ground Plants p. 104
-
Life History of the New Zealand Conifer Broadleaf Forest p. 106
- [section] p. 106
- Linear Succession (Climax)
- Cycles p. 107
- Climate Change p. 108
- Angiosperm Forest Dominance
-
More Restricted Forest Types p. 110
- Coastal Forest p. 110
- Kauri Forest p. 111
- Mangrove Forest p. 115
- Fresh Water Swamp Forest
- Bog Forest p. 118
- Chapter 5 — Beech Forests p. 121
-
Chapter 6 — The Small Leaved Shrub Problem p. 133
- [introduction] p. 133
- Climatic Theories
- Moa Theory p. 144
-
Chapter 7 — Open Habitats in the Lowlands p. 147
- [introduction] p. 147
- River Beds
- Cliffs and Rock Outcrops p. 155
- Sand Dunes p. 156
- Shingle Beaches and Fans p. 158
- Salt Marshes and Meadows p. 159
- Serpentine Vegetation
- The Effects of European Settlement p. 160
-
Chapter 8 — Alpine Plants p. 163
- [introduction] p. 163
- Mountain Shrublands
- Subalpine Shrubs or Small Trees p. 165
- Alpine shrubs
-
Tussock Herbfield p. 171
- [section] p. 171
- Snowgrasses p. 172
- Spaniards p. 174
- Mountain Buttercups p. 176
- Ourisia p. 178
- Gentians
- Mountain Daisies p. 179
- Bulbinella p. 181
- Mountain Flax
- Astelia
- Cushion Bogs p. 183
- Fellfield p. 184
- Scree Plants
- Snow Banks p. 191
- Cushion Moorland
- Chapter 9 — Where Did Our Alpine Plants Come From? p. 194
-
Chapter 10 — Plants of the Outlying Islands p. 203
- [introduction] p. 203
- The Subantarctic Islands
- Macquarie Island p. 205
-
Auckland Islands p. 206
- [section] p. 206
- Rata Forest
- Shrubland p. 208
- Tussock Grassland
- Bogs p. 210
- Fellfield
- Campbell Island
- Antipodes Island p. 211
- General Comment on the New Zealand Subantarctic Flora
-
Chatham Islands p. 212
- [section] p. 212
- Broadleaf Forests p. 213
- Bog Forest p. 215
- Shrub-Rushland
- Coastal Communities
- Subtropical Islands p. 216
- Kermadec Islands
- Norfolk Island p. 218
- Lord Howe Island p. 219
- General Comments on the Floras of the Subtropical Islands p. 221
-
Chapter 11 — The Plants of other Southern Lands p. 223
- [introduction] p. 223
- Australia
-
New Guinea p. 226
- [section] p. 226
- Lowland Zone
- Montane Zone p. 227
- Subalpine Zone p. 228
- Alpine Zone
-
New Caledonia and Other Pacific Islands p. 229
- New Caledonia p. 229
- Fiji p. 230
- Tahiti
- Hawaiʻi p. 231
-
Temperate South America and Antarctica p. 232
- South America p. 232
- Antarctica p. 235
-
Chapter 12 — Plant Fossils and the Story They Tell p. 236
- [introduction] p. 236
-
How Do Plants Become Fossils?
- Macrofossils
- Microfossils p. 238
- Lady Lake p. 239
-
The Fossil Record of New Zealand and Other Southern Lands p. 240
- [section] p. 240
- Crustal Movements
-
Botanical History p. 242
- Cretaceous p. 242
- Tertiary Australia p. 243
- Tertiary Antarctica p. 244
- Tertiary South America p. 245
- Tertiary New Zealand
- Disjunct Distribution Patterns
- In Conclusion p. 248
-
Chapter 1 — General Characteristics of the — New Zealand Flora p. 13
-
- General References p. 251
-
Notes and References
- Chapter 1
- Chapter 2 p. 252
- Chapter 3
- Chapter 4 p. 253
- Chapter 5
- Chapter 6 p. 254
- Chapter 7
- Chapter 8 p. 255
- Chapter 9
- Chapter 10
- Chapter 11 p. 256
- Chapter 12
- Index p. 258
- [blurb]