Contents

• Foreword 9
• Acknowledgements 10
• Introduction 11
• 1: Transitions 17

• From Māori oral traditions to print (Jane McRae) 17

• Conventions and authorities for writing and print 18
• Printed works in Māori to the 1850s 22
• Māori oral traditions in print 25
• Māori use of writing and print to 1900 28
• Publishing in the 20th century 34

• New Zealand English (Tony Deverson) 40

• 2: Printing and Production (K.A. Coleridge & John Ross) 44

• General studies 45

• Historical collections, exhibitions, museums and awards 52

• Technology 53

• Type and materials 56

• Typography 56
• Presses and other machinery 61
• Graphic reproduction techniques 64
• Paper 66
• Binding 67

• Stationery manufacture and supply 69

• The trade 69

• Men and women of the trade 69
• Owners and firms 73
• Trade unions and trade conditions 75

• Economics 78

• Government regulation 81

• Private printing (Noel Waite) 82

• 3: Publishing 86

• The process of publishing (Ross Somerville) 86

• Author and publisher 88
• Encouragement to publish 92
• Restrictions to publishing 94
• The publisher's tasks 95

• Editorial tasks 96
• Design and typography 97

• Education and training 99
• Publishers' organisations 99
• Trade publications 101
• Economics of publishing 101

• The publishers (Ross Somerville) 104

• The businesses 104
• The people 109

• General and regional studies 112

• Colonial editions (Luke Trainor) 113
• Regional publishing: Wellington (K.A. Coleridge) 117
• Regional publishing: Otago (George J. Griffiths) 118

• Some categories of publication 122

• Government publishing (Bruce Ringer) 122
• Science journal publishing (Jaap Jasperse) 124
• Newspapers (Ross Harvey) 128
• Māori newspapers (Nicola Frean) 136
• Periodicals (Clark Stiles) 138
• Children's books (Lynne Jackett) 141
• Educational publishing (Hugh Price) 144
• Religious publishing (Peter Lineham) 146
• Music publishing (Elizabeth Nichol) 151
• Directories (Michael Hamblyn) 152

• 4: Distribution 156

• Bookselling (Alan Preston) 157

• History 157
• General studies 160
• People 161
• Administrative structure and government controls 164
• Studies and sources 166

• Libraries (Brian McKeon) 168

• General description and history 168
• Origins and development 170
• Government and governance 172
• Standards and measures of performance 174
• Associations 175
• Librarianship 177
• People 181
• The Carnegie Corporation 183
• Surveys and planning 183
• Free library service 184
• Library service for children 186
• Māori and library service 187
• Types of library 188
• Libraries and print culture issues 189
• The National Library of New Zealand 193
• Information technology 196

• Book buying and collectors (John Ross) 197

• Book buying 197
• Book collectors 201

• Categories of collectors 202
• Aids to collecting 202
• Collectors as a community of interest 203
• Studies of collectors 204
• Individual collectors 206

• 5: Readers and Reading 212

• Reading and literacy (Lydia Wevers) 212

• Before 1877 212
• Education Act 1877 214
• Reading series and methods 215
• Teaching reading 217
• Literacy 218
• Te reo and literacy programmes for Māori 219

• Creating an interest in print culture (Jane Stafford) 221
• Recognition and rewards of success (Stephen Hamilton) 227

• Book reviewing and literary criticism 227
• Literary prizes and book awards 231

• Changing trends and special needs (Sydney Shep) 233
• Access tools (Sheila Williams) 239

• Bibliographies and indexes 239
• General reference sources 243

• 6: Print Culture of Other Languages 245

• Pacific Island languages 245

• Language and religious publishing 247

• Cook Islands Māori (Jean Mitaera) 247
• Niuean (Lagi Sipeli) 249
• Tokelauan (Penny Griffith) 250
• Western Samoan (Alfred Hunkin) 252

• Educational publishing (Don Long) 253
• Colonial consolidation, 1900-1960 (Diane Woods) 256
• Current: official and trade (Patrick King) 257
• Current: community and creative (Robert Holding) 259
• Sources and resources (Diane Woods) 259

• Languages other than English, Māori and Pacific Island (Ann Beaglehole) 263

• Chinese 267

• The 19th century (James Ng) 267
• The 20th century (Nigel Murphy) 271

• Croatian (Stephen Jelicich & Andrew Trlin) 276
• Dutch (Robert Leek) 281
• French (R.D.J. Collins) 284
• Gaelic (Scots) (Jennie Coleman) 287
• German (James N. Bade) 291
• Greek (Ancient) and Latin (Douglas Little) 293
• Polish (Theresa Sawicka) 298
• Scandinavian (Rick McGregor & Edwin Nye) 301

• Notes on Contributors 304
• Bibliography 308
• Index 344