|
Page |
| Preface |
iii. |
| Contents |
v. |
| Illustrations |
xi. |
| Part I. |
| Historical Notes on the Progress of the Geological Survey. |
| Chapter I.— |
|
| From the Beginning of the Geological Survey to the Discovery of the West Coast Goldfields. |
1 |
| Geological Survey of Mount Pleasant, Banks' Peninsula, 1860 |
2 |
| Exploration of the Rivers Rangitata and Ashburton, 1861 |
3 |
| Exploration of the Malvern Hills and Mount Torlesse, 1861 |
16 |
| Exploration of the Head-waters of the Waitaki, 1862 |
18 |
| Visit to the Opawa Stream, 1862 |
43 |
| Journey to the Waitaki, Lake Wanaka, and the West Coast, 1862-63 |
44 |
| Artesian Wells in Christchurch, 1863 |
58 |
| Malvern Hills Coalfields, 1863. Building Stones, 1864 |
59 |
| Search for Coal in the Ashburton and Rangitata Districts, 1864 |
60 |
| Geological Survey of the Christchurch-Lyttelton Railway Tunnel |
62 |
| Canterbury Plains |
63 |
| New Zealand Industrial Exhibition, Dunedin, 1865 |
64 |
| Chapter II.— |
|
| From the Discovery of the West Coast Goldfields to the Termination of the Geological Survey, end of June, 1868 |
65 |
| Journey to the West Coast, 1865 |
65 |
| Journey to Westland by Arthur's Pass, returning by Browning's Pass, October, 1865 |
107 |
| First Visit to Middle Waipara, 1866 |
122 |
| Journey to the Head-waters of the Rakaia, 1866 |
123 |
| Christchurch and Lyttelton Railway Tunnel |
143 |
| First Excavations for Moa-bones in Glenmark, 1866 |
143 |
| Journey to the Waipara and Hurunui, 1867 |
144 |
| Exploration of the Head-waters of the Waimakariri, 1867 |
145page vi |
| Journey to the Sources of the Waipara, 1867 |
152 |
| Collecting Saurian Remains in the Middle Waipara, 1867 |
155 |
| A Visit to Glenmark, and Heavy Floods, end of July and beginning of August, 1867 |
155 |
| Journey along the Eastern Base of the Ranges, from the Gorge of the Rakaia to the Waitaki and to the Sources of the Hakateramea |
156 |
| Geological Examination of Banks' Peninsula, 1868 |
157 |
| Journey to the Southern Portion of Westland, 1868 |
157 |
| Chapter III.— |
|
| The Canterbury Museum and Geological Explorations from 1868 to 1876 |
167 |
| Part II. |
| Physical Geography. |
| Chapter I.— |
|
| General Considerations |
172 |
| Chapter II.— |
|
| Orographical Features |
177 |
| Chapter III.— |
|
| Glaciers, Rivers, and Lakes |
193 |
| The Waitaki |
199 |
| The Rakaia |
206 |
| The Rangitata |
210 |
| The Waimakariri |
212 |
| The Ashburton |
214 |
| The Head-waters of the Molyneux |
215 |
| The Hurunui |
216 |
| The Opihi, the Ashley |
218 |
| The Waipara, the Selwyn |
219 |
| The Hinds, the Orari, the Waihao, the Pareora |
220 |
| The Grey, the Taramakau |
221 |
| The Hokitika |
222 |
| The Mikonui, the Waitaha and Wanganui, the Poerua, the Whataroa |
224 |
| The Okarito, the Waiau |
225 |
| The Waikukupa, the Weheka |
226 |
| The Karangarua |
227 |
| The Mahitahi, the Paringa, the Haast |
228 |
| The Okuru and Waiatoto, the Arawata |
229 |
| Chapter IV.— |
|
| Plains |
231page vii |
| Part III. |
| Geology. |
| Chapter I.— |
| Introduction |
236 |
| Chapter II.— |
|
| General Geological Structure |
240 |
| Chapter III.— |
|
| Stratigraphical Geology—General Synopsis and Description of Geological Formations |
249 |
| Chapter IV.— |
|
| The Gneiss Granite Formation |
252 |
| Extent. Igneous Eruptive Rocks. Crystalline Metamorphic Formation East of the Central Chain |
253 |
| Chapter V.— |
|
| Westland Formation, Extent |
256 |
| Texture of Rocks, and Position of Strata |
257 |
| Igneous Rocks |
258 |
| Mineral Veins |
259 |
| Chapter VI.— |
|
| Waihao Formation, Extent |
260 |
| Position of Strata and Texture of Rocks |
261 |
| Age and Thickness. Igneous Rocks. Mineral Veins |
264 |
| Chapter VII.— |
|
| The Mount Torlesse Formation |
266 |
| Texture of Rocks and Position of Strata |
274 |
| Extent |
278 |
| Thickness and Age. Igneous Rocks |
279 |
| Relations to Older Formations |
280 |
| Chapter VIII.— |
|
| The Melaphyre and Quartziferous Porphyry Eruptions |
281 |
| Extent |
282 |
| Character and Sequence of Eruptive Rocks. Melaphyre Series |
283 |
| Quartziferous Porphyry and Pitchstone Series |
285 |
| Chapter IX.— |
|
| The Waipara Formation |
291 |
| Extent |
292 |
| Sequence and Character of Rocks. Position of Strata. Fossil Contents |
293 |
| The Cretaceo-tertiary Period in Westland |
298 |
| Igneous Rocks |
300page viii |
| Chapter X.— |
|
| The Oamaru Formation. Extent |
304 |
| Sequence and Character of the Rocks. Position of Strata |
305 |
| Principal Fossil Contents |
310 |
| Igneous Rocks |
313 |
| Age and Thickness |
314 |
| Chapter XI.— |
|
| The Pareora Formation. Extent |
316 |
| Sequence and Character of Rocks, and Position of Strata |
317 |
| Fossil Contents |
319 |
| Igneous Rocks. Age and Thickness |
323 |
| Chapter XII.— |
|
| Banks' Peninsula |
324 |
| Chemical Analysis of Rocks |
350 |
| The Christchurch and Lyttelton Railway Tunnel |
355 |
| Chapter XIII.— |
|
| The Alluvial Goldfields of Westland |
361 |
| Chapter XIV.— |
|
| (A) Raised Beaches |
366 |
| (B) The Loess Formation |
367 |
| Extent |
369 |
| Chapter XV.— |
|
| The Great Glacier Formation—General Considerations |
371 |
| Extent and Characteristics of the Glaciers (A) Eastern Slopes of the Southern Alps. The Waitaki Glacier |
384 |
| The Rakaia Glacier |
386 |
| The Rangitata Glacier |
390 |
| The Waimakariri Glacier |
391 |
| The Clutha Glacier (B) Western Slopes of Southern Alps |
392 |
| (C) The Formation of the Canterbury Plains |
396 |
| Tables of Altitudes of Canterbury Plains |
403 |
| Chapter XVI.— |
|
| The Quaternary and Recent Periods—(A) First Appearance of Man in this Island |
407 |
| (B) The Dinornithidæ or Moa |
431 |
| (C) Occurrence of Moa-bones and Time of Extinction of the Dinornithidæ |
437 |
| (D) Glenmark |
442page ix |
| Chapter XVIII.— |
|
| Economic Geology—Coal |
450 |
| Building Stones |
462 |
| Limestones |
463 |
| Clays |
464 |
| Sands, Ores |
465 |
| Gold |
466 |
| Copper, Iron, and Manganese |
467 |
| Other Ores. Water Supply |
468 |
| Chapter XIX.— |
|
| Altitudes |
474 |
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