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Page
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| Preface
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iii.
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| Contents
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v.
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| Illustrations
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xi.
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| Part I.
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| Historical Notes on the Progress of the Geological Survey.
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| Chapter I.—
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From the Beginning of the Geological Survey to the Discovery of the West Coast Goldfields.
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1
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| Geological Survey of Mount Pleasant, Banks' Peninsula, 1860
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2
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| Exploration of the Rivers Rangitata and Ashburton, 1861
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3
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| Exploration of the Malvern Hills and Mount Torlesse, 1861
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16
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| Exploration of the Head-waters of the Waitaki, 1862
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18
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| Visit to the Opawa Stream, 1862
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43
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| Journey to the Waitaki, Lake Wanaka, and the West Coast, 1862-63
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44
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| Artesian Wells in Christchurch, 1863
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58
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| Malvern Hills Coalfields, 1863. Building Stones, 1864
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59
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| Search for Coal in the Ashburton and Rangitata Districts, 1864
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60
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| Geological Survey of the Christchurch-Lyttelton Railway Tunnel
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62
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| Canterbury Plains
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63
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| New Zealand Industrial Exhibition, Dunedin, 1865
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64
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| Chapter
II.—
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From the Discovery of the West Coast Goldfields to the Termination of the Geological Survey, end of June, 1868
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65
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| Journey to the West Coast, 1865
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65
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| Journey to Westland by Arthur's Pass, returning by Browning's Pass, October, 1865
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107
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| First Visit to Middle Waipara, 1866
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122
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| Journey to the Head-waters of the Rakaia, 1866
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123
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| Christchurch and Lyttelton Railway Tunnel
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143
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| First Excavations for Moa-bones in Glenmark, 1866
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143
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| Journey to the Waipara and Hurunui, 1867
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144
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| Exploration of the Head-waters of the Waimakariri, 1867
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145
page vi |
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Journey to the Sources of the Waipara, 1867
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152
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| Collecting Saurian Remains in the Middle Waipara, 1867
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155
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| A Visit to Glenmark, and Heavy Floods, end of July and beginning of August, 1867
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155
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| Journey along the Eastern Base of the Ranges, from the Gorge of the Rakaia to the Waitaki and to the Sources of the Hakateramea
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156
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| Geological Examination of Banks' Peninsula, 1868
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157
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| Journey to the Southern Portion of Westland, 1868
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157
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| Chapter
III.—
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The Canterbury Museum and Geological Explorations from 1868 to 1876
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167
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| Part II.
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| Physical Geography.
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| Chapter I.—
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General Considerations
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172
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| Chapter
II.—
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Orographical Features
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177
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| Chapter
III.—
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Glaciers, Rivers, and Lakes
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193
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| The Waitaki
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199
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| The Rakaia
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206
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| The Rangitata
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210
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| The Waimakariri
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212
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| The Ashburton
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214
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| The Head-waters of the Molyneux
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215
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| The Hurunui
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216
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| The Opihi, the Ashley
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218
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| The Waipara, the Selwyn
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219
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| The Hinds, the Orari, the Waihao, the Pareora
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220
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| The Grey, the Taramakau
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221
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| The Hokitika
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222
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| The Mikonui, the Waitaha and Wanganui, the Poerua, the Whataroa
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224
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| The Okarito, the Waiau
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225
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| The Waikukupa, the Weheka
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226
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| The Karangarua
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227
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| The Mahitahi, the Paringa, the Haast
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228
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| The Okuru and Waiatoto, the Arawata
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229
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| Chapter
IV.—
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Plains
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231
page vii |
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Part III.
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| Geology.
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| Chapter I.—
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| Introduction
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236
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| Chapter
II.—
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General Geological Structure
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240
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| Chapter
III.—
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Stratigraphical Geology—General Synopsis and Description of Geological Formations
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249
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| Chapter
IV.—
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The Gneiss Granite Formation
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252
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| Extent. Igneous Eruptive Rocks. Crystalline Metamorphic Formation East of the Central Chain
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253
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| Chapter
V.—
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Westland Formation, Extent
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256
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| Texture of Rocks, and Position of Strata
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257
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| Igneous Rocks
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258
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| Mineral Veins
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259
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| Chapter
VI.—
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Waihao Formation, Extent
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260
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| Position of Strata and Texture of Rocks
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261
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| Age and Thickness. Igneous Rocks. Mineral Veins
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264
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| Chapter
VII.—
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The Mount Torlesse Formation
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266
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| Texture of Rocks and Position of Strata
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274
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| Extent
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278
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| Thickness and Age. Igneous Rocks
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279
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| Relations to Older Formations
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280
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| Chapter
VIII.—
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The Melaphyre and Quartziferous Porphyry Eruptions
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281
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| Extent
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282
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| Character and Sequence of Eruptive Rocks. Melaphyre Series
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283
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| Quartziferous Porphyry and Pitchstone Series
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285
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| Chapter IX.—
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The Waipara Formation
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291
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| Extent
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292
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| Sequence and Character of Rocks. Position of Strata. Fossil Contents
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293
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| The Cretaceo-tertiary Period in Westland
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298
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| Igneous Rocks
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300
page viii |
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Chapter
X.—
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The Oamaru Formation. Extent
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304
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| Sequence and Character of the Rocks. Position of Strata
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305
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| Principal Fossil Contents
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310
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| Igneous Rocks
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313
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| Age and Thickness
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314
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| Chapter
XI.—
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The Pareora Formation. Extent
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316
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| Sequence and Character of Rocks, and Position of Strata
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317
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| Fossil Contents
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319
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| Igneous Rocks. Age and Thickness
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323
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| Chapter
XII.—
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Banks' Peninsula
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324
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| Chemical Analysis of Rocks
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350
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| The Christchurch and Lyttelton Railway Tunnel
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355
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| Chapter
XIII.—
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The Alluvial Goldfields of Westland
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361
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| Chapter
XIV.—
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(A) Raised Beaches
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366
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| (B) The Loess Formation
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367
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| Extent
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369
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| Chapter
XV.—
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The Great Glacier Formation—General Considerations
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371
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| Extent and Characteristics of the Glaciers (A) Eastern Slopes of the Southern Alps. The Waitaki Glacier
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384
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| The Rakaia Glacier
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386
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| The Rangitata Glacier
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390
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| The Waimakariri Glacier
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391
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| The Clutha Glacier (B) Western Slopes of Southern Alps
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392
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| (C) The Formation of the Canterbury Plains
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396
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| Tables of Altitudes of Canterbury Plains
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403
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| Chapter
XVI.—
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|
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The Quaternary and Recent Periods—(A) First Appearance of Man in this Island
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407
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| (B) The Dinornithidæ or Moa
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431
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| (C) Occurrence of Moa-bones and Time of Extinction of the Dinornithidæ
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437
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| (D) Glenmark
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442
page ix |
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Chapter
XVIII.—
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Economic Geology—Coal
|
450
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| Building Stones
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462
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| Limestones
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463
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| Clays
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464
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| Sands, Ores
|
465
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| Gold
|
466
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| Copper, Iron, and Manganese
|
467
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| Other Ores. Water Supply
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468
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| Chapter
XIX.—
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Altitudes
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474
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