– 310 –

Index

• Akaroa, 186
• Anglo-Maori wars, 21
• Aorangi Block, 224
• Arawa District Trust Board see Te Arawa Maori Trust Board
• Arawa Lakes settlement see Rotorua lakes
• Arawa tribes see Te Arawa
• Article One see Treaty of Waitangi
• Article Two see Treaty of Waitangi
• Article Three see Treaty of Waitangi

• Ball, Douglas George, 181
• Ballance, John, 190
• Baucke, William, 145
• Bay of Plenty, 134
• Beeby, Clarence Edward, 181
• Belshaw, Professor Horace, 172
• Board of Maori Affairs, 239, 262
• Board of Maori Ethnological Research, 148, 149
• Board of Native Affairs, 125, 126, 170, 212
• Buck, Peter (Te Rangihiroa), 47, 58, 63, 106, 111, 143, 149, 150, 151
• Bulls, 156

• Carroll, James, 40, 48, 49, 53, 61, 67, 69, 71, 72, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 98-9, 102, 104, 113, 147
  • see also Rees-Carroll Commission
• centennial celebrations, 185-7
• Chatham Islands, 59-60, 94, 151
• Coates, Gordon, 90, 91, 112, 115, 131, 135, 136, 148, 149, 154
• consolidation (land), 83, 84, 90, 91, 92, 100, 101, 111-14, 116, 117, 118, 144, 147, 247
• Constitution Act 1852, 39
• Corbett, Ernest, 220
• Council of Chiefs, 35, 36
• Crown pre-emption (monopoly) on purchasing of Maori land, 80, 83, 98

• Declaration of Independence flag, 159
• Depression see Great Depression dog tax, 51-2

• East Coast, 97, 110-11, 115-16, 256
  • see also Tairawhiti
• Education Department, 181, 183, 237
• Ellison, Dr Edward Pohau, 152
• Executive Council, 94, 101, 189, 201, 238, 262

• Far North, 32, 126
• Federation of the Maori People of the North and South Islands of New Zealand, 95
• First World War, 63, 92, 103-8, 130
  • Maori Contingent, New Zealand Expeditionary Force, 104, 105
  • Maori ex-servicemen, 108-9, 132

    – 311 –

  • Maori Recruitment Committee, 104, 106, 107-8
  • New Zealand (Maori) Pioneer Battalion, 108
  • New Zealand Pioneer Battalion, 106
  • post-war reconstruction, 108-10
• Fisher, Judge T W, 98
• Forbes, George, 118, 125
  • see also Forbes-Coates coalition
• Forbes-Coates coalition, 118, 176
• Fraser, Peter, 156, 185, 186, 199, 200, 202, 203, 206, 217, 223, 228, 232-4, 239, 240
  • and rangatiratanga/autonomy 171, 205, 230, 235-8, 241, 261
• Freemans Bay, 240

• George V, King, 145
• Godley, Major-General Alexander, 105
• Great Depression, 117, 118, 121
• Grey, Governor George, 18

• Haddon, Oriwa, 240
• Hauhau see Pai Marire
• Hawke's Bay, 15
• Health, Department of, 57, 63, 150-1 see also Maori Health Councils; Maori Hygiene Division; Native Health Nursing Service
• Heke, Hone, 41, 48, 49, 72
• Hemphill, Colonel Harry Campbell, 192, 193, 196
• Herangi, Te Kirihaehae Te Puea, 107, 153-4, 189, 196-7, 256, 270-1
• Herries, William H, 90, 101-3, 108
• Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor William, 41
• Hokianga Dog Tax Rebellion, 52
• Holland, Harry, 156
• Holland, Sidney, 262
• Hooper, Takiwairoa, 151
• Horohoro, 119
• Horouta Maori Council, 97

• Ikaroa District Maori Land Board, 79
• incorporation (land), 83, 84, 100, 111-4, 116, 117, 120, 125
• influenza pandemic, 63, 128

• Jones, Michael Rotohiko, 199, 200, 223, 231, 232-3, 234
• Jones, Chief Judge Robert, 130 see also Native Land Claims Commission (Jones Commission)
• Justice Department, 57

• Kaihau, Henare, 41, 48, 94
• Kauhanganui/Great Council see Kingitanga
• Kauhouroa Block, 224
• Keepa/Kemp, Major Rangihiwinui see Te Rangihiwinui, Te Keepa
• Kereru, Numia, 39
• King Country (Rohe Potae), 15, 34, 41, 75, 96, 97, 116, 256, 257
• King Movement see Kingitanga
• Kingism see Kingitanga
• Kingitanga, 33-5, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 47, 51, 52-3, 60, 94, 95, 96, 98, 139, 140, 142, 144, 153, 154, 179, 270-1
  • and First World War, 107-9
  • Kauhanganui/Great Council, 35, 95, 224 and Maori Councils, 52-3, 54
  • Runanganui, 224 and settlement after Second World War, 222-4
  • Te Kaumarua, 224 see also Tawhiao, King; Koroki, King; Mahuta, King; Herangi, Te Kirihaehae Te Puea
• komiti/committees, 32-4, 35, 48, 60, 189, 190, 266
  • see also Kotahitanga; Labour Party; Maori Councils; Maori War Effort Organisation; Maori Welfare Organisation
• komiti marae, 50, 52, 55, 58, 61, 62

  – 312 –

• Komiti Nui o Tuhoe, 40
• komiti wahine/women's committees, 249
  • see also Kotahitanga
• Kotahitanga/kotahitanga, 35-9, 41, 44, 45, 47, 49, 52-3, 54, 68, 94, 95, 96, 142, 147, 153, 198, 207
  • Komiti Wahine, 39, 50
  • Maori Parliament/Paremata Maori, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 47, 48, 49, 53, 61, 68, 95, 132
  • Te Kotahitanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi, 36, 53
  • and Young Maori Party, 47-50
• Koroki, King, Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero, 179, 256
• Kurahaupo Council, 151

• Labour government (1935-1949), 1935-1939, 127, 161-183 1939-1949, 184-265
  • and equality, 160-174, 178, 187, 209, 210, 219 228, 229, 239, 256, 258, 259
  • and Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945, 210-15
  • and post-war social policy, 227-31, 259
  • and Ratanaism, 156-60, 161-7, 174-5, 178, 217, 258
• Labour Party, 156, 158, 168, 175, 178, 179, 184, 192, 201, 204, 214, 228, 230-1, 256, 258, 259, 263, 264, 265
  • and Ratanaism, 146, 156-60, 164-5, 174-6, 269
  • land development (state assisted), 114-27, 162-3, 170-2, 229
• Langstone, Frank, 164, 168, 170, 174, 176, 177, 199, 222, 232
• Legislative Council, 94, 165
• Liberal government, 38, 48, 54, 67, 79, 99, 101
• Licensing Amendment Act 1910, 96
• liquor control, 41, 54, 96-7, 253, 254-8
• Liquor Licensing Act 1948, 257
• Love, Makere, 222

• Mahuta, King, Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero, 94, 95
• Mahuta, Tumate, 179
• Mair, Gilbert, 57, 62
• Maketu, 134
• Mangai see Ratana, Tahupotiki Wiremu
• Maniapoto see Ngati Maniapoto
• Maori Affairs, Department of, 64, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 242, 244, 245-6, 247, 249, 250, 251, 260, 262
  • see also Board of Maori Affairs; Maori Wardens; Maori Welfare Organisation; Native Department
• Maori Arts and Crafts Act 1926, 149
• Maori Association, 93, 94
• Maori Battalion (28th Battalion), 184-5, 188-9, 234
• Maori Contingent, New Zealand Expeditionary Force see First World War
• Maori Councils, 50-3, 53-61, 62-4, 69, 70, 96, 128, 150, 151, 152, 189, 195, 211, 251
  • new proposals for, 169, 200-4, 205, 208, 211-12, 231
  • see also komiti marae; Maori Health Councils
• Maori Councils Act 1900, 49, 50, 214
• Maori Health Councils, 63-4, 128, 150-3, 169, 195
  • see also Maori Councils
• Maori Hygiene Division, 63, 128, 143, 151, 152
• Maori Land Boards, 78-81, 82, 84-5, 97-8, 99, 100, 101, 102, 115, 148
• Maori Land Councils, 70-8, 85, 94, 102
• Maori Land Court, 235
  • see also Native Land Court
• Maori Land Districts, 71, 78, 84
• Maori Land Settlement Act 1905, 78, 80

  – 313 –

• Maori Lands Administration Act 1900, 70-2, 76, 77
• Maori Parliament see Kotahitanga
• Maori Parliamentary Committee, 184, 188, 189, 191, 192, 195
• Maori parliamentary seats, 145, 146, 158, 174, 217
• Maori police/policing see police/policing
• Maori population, 19, 36, 43-4, 91, 111, 121, 128, 174, 182, 183, 227-8, 247, 259, 260, 270, 272
• Maori Purposes Fund, 148
• Maori Recruitment Committee see First World War
• Maori Rights Conservation Association, 95
• Maori Secondary Schools Aid Fund, 148
• Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945, 210-15, 223, 230, 231, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238-9, 242, 244, 245, 250, 252
• Maori Social and Economic Reconstruction Bill, 204, 210-11, 231, 236
  • see also Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945; Tirikatene, Eruera
• Maori Social and Economic Welfare Organisation see Maori Welfare Organisation
• Maori summit conference (1944), 204, 207, 218, 226
• Maori Trust Boards Act 1955, 225
• Maori Union, 94
• Maori War Effort Organisation (MWEO), 189-209, 210, 211-15, 217, 230, 231-7, 238, 241, 248, 249, 252, 255, 259, 266
  • and preparations for peace, 203-9
  • tribal committees and tribal executive committees, 192, 193-8, 201, 203, 215, 242
  • see also komiti wahine; Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945; Native Department
• Maori Wardens, 251-4, 254-5, 257, 258
• Maori Welfare/Administration, Ministry of, proposed, 201, 204, 205
• Maori Welfare Organisation (originally Maori Social and Economic Welfare Organisation), 215, 230, 231-45, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 259, 260, 261, 264, 269
  • tribal committees and tribal executives, 212, 213, 215, 230, 234, 235, 236, 240, 242-5, 249, 250, 251, 252, 260-1
  • see also komiti wahine; Maori Affairs, Department of; Maori Wardens; Native Department; women's welfare committees
• Maori Women's Health League/Te Ropu o te Ora, 152, 248, 249, 251
• Maori Women's Institutes, 152
• Maori Women's Welfare League, 251
  • see also women's welfare committees
• Mason, Henry Greathead Rex, 181, 199, 200, 201, 202, 205, 208, 211, 212-13, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 223, 232
• Maungapohatu, 90, 109
• Mawhete, Rangiputangatahi (Rangi), 156, 157, 165, 180, 184, 201, 217
• McLean, Donald, 32
• morehu see Ratanaism
• Moriori, 60

• Nash, Walter, 232, 256
• National Council of Women, 37
• National Employment Service, 228, 229
• National Expenditure Commission, 121, 122
• National government, 259, 262, 263-4
• National Party, 231, 258, 261-2
• National Service Department, 193-4, 197
• Native Affairs Committee (parliamentary), 69, 116, 131
• Native Committees Act 1883, 32

  – 314 –

• Native Department, 37, 62, 67, 79, 95, 98, 100, 103, 110, 118, 119, 124, 125, 127, 149, 150, 162, 164, 170, 174, 189, 190, 196, 198-209, 210-15, 228, 229, 230, 231-2
  • see also Native Trustee; Royal Commission of Inquiry into Native Affairs
• Native District High Schools, 182
• Native Health Nursing Service, 150
• Native Health Officer, 57-8
• Native Land Act 1909, 97-103, 111
• Native Land Amendment Act 1913, 102, 103
• Native Land Amendment Act 1936, 170
• Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1923, 112
• Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1928, 138
• Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act 1929, 117
• Native Land Claims Commission 1919-20 (Jones Commission), 130, 135, 136, 137, 138, 215, 219, 221
• Native Land Court, 22, 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 82-3, 88, 89, 100, 102, 111, 112, 114, 118, 125, 129
  • see also Maori Land Court
• Native Land Purchase Board, 99
• Native Land Settlement Act 1907, 84, 98
• Native Land Settlement Board, 122
• Native Lands Consolidation Commission, 116
• Native Purposes Act 1931, 138
• Native Sanitary Inspectors, 58
• Native Schools, 181-2
  • see also Native District High Schools
• Native Trustee, 115, 117, 119, 132, 221
• New Zealand Expeditionary Force see First World War
• New Zealand Police Force see police/policing
• Ngai Tahu, 85, 129, 130-1, 135, 137, 138, 179, 186, 217, 221-2, 225
• Ngaitahu Claim Settlement Act 1944, 222
• Ngaruawahia, 95, 154, 224
• Ngata, Apirana, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53, 56, 55, 57, 62, 68, 70, 77, 81-4, 90, 97, 98-102, 110-12, 114, 115, 116, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 145, 146, 149-50, 159, 162, 163, 165, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 186-7, 196, 216, 217, 229, 233, 245, 265, 268, 270
  • as Native Minister, 117, 118, 120, 121, 137, 149, 154-5
  • and the 193. Commission of Inquiry, 122-5
  • see also Ngataism; Stout-Ngata Commission; Young Maori Party
• Ngataism, 103, 104, 105, 108, 116, 122, 126, 136-7, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146-50, 153-5, 162, 163, 171, 178, 182, 185, 187, 233, 214, 258, 268, 269, 270
  • see also Ngata, Apirana; Young Maori Party
• Ngati Haua, 223
• Ngati Maniapoto, 108, 223
• Ngati Poneke Young Maori Club, 172
• Ngati Porou, 45, 48, 49, 83, 97, 110-11, 112, 113, 119, 241
• Ngati Raukawa, 152
• Ngati Whatua, 35, 174
• Northland, 113
  • see also Taitokerau

• Ohinemutu, 49, 167
• Omana, Tiaki, 239
• Orakei, 35, 164, 166, 168, 173

– 315 –

• Pai Marire, 140
• Paikea, Paraire, 164, 175, 184, 186, 189, 191, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 201, 204
• papatupu blocks, 71, 74, 75, 79, 100
• Papawai, 96
• Paremata Maori see Kotahitanga
• Parewanui Pa, 156, 157
• Parihaka, 94, 221
• Patutahi Block, 224
• Pink and White Terraces, 32
• Plunket Society, 151
• police/policing, 32, 40, 41, 51, 57, 61, 62, 90, 96, 103, 251, 253, 255-7, 271
  • see also Maori Wardens
• Pomare, Maui, 46, 47, 57, 58, 68, 76, 93, 94, 101, 104, 149, 155, 157-8
• Poverty Bay, 73
• Prince of Wales Rugby Cup, 148
• Public Accounts Select Committee, 122
• Public Health, Department of see Health Department
• Public Trustee, 100, 115
• Putiki, 57

• Ratana, Matiu, 240
• Ratana Pa, 143
• Ratana, Tahupotiki Wiremu, 140, 141, 142-3, 144, 145, 146, 154, 156, 158, 159, 161, 184, 270
• Ratana, Tokouru, 160
• Ratanaism, 139-46, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 156-60, 161-2, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 174, 175, 178, 185, 189, 192, 217, 231, 238, 239, 241, 251, 258, 259, 261, 269, 270
  • and morehu, 144, 145, 146, 156, 258
  • see also Labour government (1935-49); Labour Party
• Rawson, Judge Walter Edward, 115
• Rees, William Lee, 67
  • see also Rees-Carroll Commission
• Rees-Carroll Commission, 67, 68, 77
• Reform Party, 94, 101, 103
• Rekohu see Chatham Islands
• Repudiation Movement, 15
• Rikiriki, Mere, 142
• Ringatu Church, 41, 51, 140
• Roberts, James (Jim), 204
• Rohe Potae see King Country
• Ropiha, Tipi, 233, 245
• Rotorua, 32, 49, 57, 58, 60, 134, 149, 152, 250, 252, 253, 255
• Rotorua lakes, 130, 131-3, 135, 220
• Royal Commission of Inquiry on Confiscated Native Lands and Other Grievances (1926-7) see Sim Commission
• Royal Commission of Inquiry into Native Affairs (1934), 122-5
• Royal Commission on Licensing (1946), 256-7
• Royal, Major Te Rangiataahua (Rangi), 208, 233-4, 249
• Rua Kenana, 59, 90, 91, 92, 105, 109
• Ruatoki, 90
• runanga, 20-1, 28, 32, 41, 49, 60, 266
• Runanganui see Kingitanga

• Salmond, John, 98
• Savage, Michael Joseph, 127, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173, 174, 176, 178, 232
• School of Maori Arts and Crafts (Rotorua), 134, 149
• Second World War, 94, 137, 138, 153, 172, 180, 182, 184-209, 215, 252, 269
  • see also Maori Battalion; Maori War Effort Organisation
• Seddon, Richard John, 39, 49, 54, 57, 68, 70, 72, 76
• Shepherd, Judge George, 199-200
• Sim Commission, 136, 137, 138, 154-5, 215, 219, 220, 223, 224
• Sim, Sir William, 136
  • see also Sim Commission
• Smith, Judge David, 122, 124
• South Island, 129, 130, 137, 151

  – 316 –

• South Island Landless Natives Act 1906, 85, 129
• Stout, Sir Robert, 81, 82
  • see also Stout-Ngata Commission
• Stout-Ngata Commission, 81-3, 84, 89, 98, 99
• Surplus Lands Commission (1946), 226

• Taingakawa, Tupu see Tupu Taingakawa
• Tainui tribes, 34, 96, 108, 136, 137, 138, 153-4, 155, 161, 176, 178, 179, 223-4, 225, 244
  • see also Waikato
• Tairawhiti, 78
  • see also East Coast
• Taitokerau, 74, 78, 116
  • see also Northland
• tangata whenua/'people of the land', 12, 16, 25, 27, 43, 45, 67, 70, 72, 76, 84, 109, 121, 129, 145, 147, 157, 161, 168, 174, 175, 185, 188, 189, 192, 197, 228, 229, 231, 232, 237, 243, 255, 258, 259, 268, 270
• Tangoio South Block, 79
• Taranaki Maori Land Claims Settlement Act 1944, 220
• Taranaki Maori Trust Board, 138, 155
• Taranaki tribes, 15, 59-60, 85, 93, 136, 138, 143, 154-5, 161, 176, 180, 220-2, 223
• Tariao faith, 140
• Taupo, Lake, 135
• Tawhiao, King, Tukaroto Matutaera Potatau Te Wherowhero, 34-5, 36, 141
• Te Arawa, 35, 45, 119, 130, 131-5, 167
• Te Arawa Maori Trust Board, 133-5, 149, 252
• Te Atiawa, 45
• Te Aute College Students' Association (TACSA), 44, 50, 70
  • see also Young Maori Party
• Te Heuheu Tukino, Hoani, 135
• Te Heuheu Tukino, Tureiti, 48
• Te Kaumarua see Kingitanga
• Te Komiti o Te Tiriti o Waitangi, 35
• Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki, 40, 41, 140
• Te Kotahitanga Maori Motuhake, 95
• Te Kotahitanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi see Kotahitanga
• Te Puea, Princess see Herangi, Te Kirihaehae Te Puea
• Te Rangihiroa see Buck, Peter
• Te Rangihiwinui, Te Keepa, 15
• Te Rata, King, Mahuta Potatau Te Wherowhero, 95
• Te Tiriti o Waitangi see Treaty of Waitangi
• Te Whiti o Rongomai, Erueti, 60, 94, 142
• Tirikatene, Eruera, 159, 191, 201, 203, 204, 208, 210, 211-12, 214, 217, 221, 222, 223, 231, 232, 236, 238-9, 248, 264
  • see also Maori Social and Economic Reconstruction Bill; Maori War Effort Organisation
• Titokowaru, Riwha, 15
• Tohu Kakahi, 94
• tohunga/tohungaism, 59, 61, 64, 142, 143, 152, 158
• Tohunga Suppression Act 1907, 59, 61
• Treasury, The, 119, 132, 136, 155, 178, 179, 202, 218, 219, 221, 224
• Treaty House, Waitangi, 159
• Treaty of Waitangi, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35, 36, 84, 85, 95, 103, 128-9, 132, 138, 141, 144, 145, 146, 155, 156-7, 158, 159, 164, 166, 167, 180, 181, 186, 191, 198, 216, 219, 258, 272
  • Article One, 14, 23, 166, 206
  • Article Two, 13, 14, 23, 39, 160, 166, 181, 186, 187, 188, 206, 216, 219
  • Article Three, 139, 160, 165, 166, 168, 169, 187, 219
• tribal committees, after Second World War see Maori Welfare Organisation

  – 317 –

• tribal committees, Second World War see Maori War Effort Organisation
• tribal executive committees, Second World War see Maori War Effort Organisation
• tribal executives, after Second World War see Maori Welfare Organisation
• tribal negotiations/settlements, after Jones Commission, 130-9, 154-5, 158, 161-2, 176-180, 184, 185, 186, 215-22, 222-7, 244
• trust boards, 132-5, 137-9, 154-5, 162, 180, 184, 218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226
  • see also Ngai Tahu Maori Trust Board; Te Arawa Maori Trust Board; Taranaki Maori Trust Board; Tuwharetoa Maori Trust Board; Wairoa Maori Trust Board; tribal negotiations/settlements
• Tuhoe, 39-40, 88, 90-1
  • see also Urewera
• Tupu Taingakawa, 95, 144, 153
• Turangawaewae House, 224
• Turangawaewae marae, 223
• turangawaewae/'place to stand', 71, 79, 82, 89, 98, 163, 168, 183, 219, 225, 243
• Tuwharetoa, 135
• Tuwharetoa Maori Trust Board, 135

• United Party/government, 116-17, 118, 154
• United Tribes of New Zealand, 159
• urban migration, 172, 183, 206-7, 216, 227-9, 240, 248, 254, 255, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 270, 272
• Urewera, 39-40, 41, 43, 48-9, 88-93, 96, 112, 113, 116, 140
• Urewera Commission, 88
• Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896, 40, 49, 68, 88
• Urewera National Park, 92

• Waikato, 34, 60, 95, 107-8, 116, 119, 151, 154, 161, 176, 178, 179, 189, 197, 223-4, 244
  • see also Tainui tribes
• Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Claims Settlement Act, 223-4
• Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land Board, 101
• Waiomatatini, 53
• Waipatu, 38
• Wairarapa, 96