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Ngā Tohuwhenua Mai Te Rangi: A New Zealand Archeology in Aerial Photographs

Index

page 290

Index

Entries which include pages with photographs are indicated in bold type.

Some entries for specific archaeological sites have the New Zealand Archaeological Association site record number in brackets. This is in the form of the metric map number (e.g., T10), followed by a unique number allocated in the site recording file for that site. The site records can be retrieved using the number. The record may include details of site location, a description of the site, a map of the site, and other details. The address of local filekeepers can be obtained from local museums, the Department of Conservation or the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. The records may also be obtained from the Central Filekeeper, New Zealand Archaeological Association, C/- Science and Research Division, Department of Conservation, P O Box 10-420, Wellington.

Adkin, G.L., 77

Adzes, adze quarries, 77-79, 219,221; see also Tahanga, Mount; Samson Bay

Afforestation, 268

Ahipara, 214, 240

American Civil War, see United States, Civil War

Anderson, Atholl, 200

Anglican Missions, Waerenga ā Hika, 145,151; Rangitukia, 145; see also Te Waimate, Kerikeri, Te Oihi, Church Missionary Society

Aotea (canoe), 11, 111, 168

Aotea north head, 53, 54, 73,117-119

Aotea south head, 12,14, 73

Archaeological sites (definition), 11

Archaic, 33; see also Classic; Oruarangi, Pāterangi

Archives, 17

Armed Constabulary, 91, 94, 132-135; and redoubts/stockades, 270

Auckland Institute and Museum, 113-115

Aupouri Peninsula, 73, 240

Awamate (swamp pā, S23/61), 77

Awanui, 67-69

Banks, Joseph, 41-42, 141-143, 207

Banks Peninsula, 200, 219-224

Barnicoat, J.W., 234

Bay of Islands, 55, 56; see also Te Oihi, Rangihoua, Kerikeri, Pouerua, Church Missionary Society, Taiamai Plains

Belich, J., 83

Bendigo, 257-261

Best, E., 17, 23, 44, 46, 167; on pā, 59

Binnie, J., 147 note

Blake-Palmer, G., 17, 128, 200

Blockhouses, 85, 191

Border-dikes, 255-256, 262-263

Borrow-pits, Hinuera vicinity (T15/8), 62; Whenuakura, 172-173; see also horticulture, borrow-pits

Brailsford, B., 17

Brunner, 229

Buchanan, J.D.H., 17

Buck, Sir Peter, see Te Rangihiroa

Buist, A., 17, 167-168, 180

Burning, 37-40, 243

Cameron, Sir Duncan, 88, 180

Cape Kidnappers (pā at), 154-155, 161; see also Tiromoana (pā)

Cape Reinga, 97

Cape Runaway (Tihirau mai Tawhiti), 127, 129, 202

Central Polynesia, see names of individual islands

Church Missionary Society, 243-250; at Nukutaurua, 251; see also Bay of Islands

Clarence River (stone rows, pits, P30/5, 6), 194, 217

Clarke, George (senior), 250

Classic, 33; see also Archaic

Clough, Rod, 241

Coastal terraces (landform), Taranaki, 168; see also Maketū Peninsula, Māhia Peninsula, Ngawlhi, high terrace (landform)

Colville Harbour, 73

Colville, Fort (Maketū), 130-131

Coming of the Māori, The (book), see Te Rangihiroa

Conservation, Department of, 135 note, 179, 239 note, 270

Cook, James, 41-44, 72, 111, 113, 139, 141

Cooks Cove (pā, Z17/310), 142-143, 207

Coromandel Peninsula, 112-113; see also Kuaotunu Peninsula, Wharetaewa

Coster, J., 73, 103

Cowan, James, 124, 179

Crawford, O.G.S., 16

Crimean War, 84

Croatians, see gum-digging

Croisilles Harbour, 78

Cromwell, 215; see also Northburn, Bendigo

Cromwell Reef (Bendigo), 258-259

Crop marks, 19, 21, 110

Cultural resource management, see Protection, historic sites

Data analysis, 268

de Surville, J.F.M., 102-103

de l'Horme, 57, 102

Deforestation, see Burning

Denniston, 229-231

Ditch and bank fences, 53, 117-119, 193, 250-253

Doubtless Bay, 102-103

Drains, 66; see also trenches (horticulture)

Dredges, dredge tailings, 256, 261

du Fresne, Marion, 17, 102-103

Duff, Roger, 195-198

D'Urville Island, 219

Earle, Augustus, 250

Eastern Polynesia, see individual islandspage 291

Edson, Steve, 18

Eel channels, 73, 76

Eyles, Jim, 196-198

Farming, 117-119; see also Te Waimate, pastoralism, burning

Fences, 250-253; see also ditch and bank fences

Fiji, 59

Firth of Thames, 113-115

Fish traps, 73, 75

Fishing, 73

Flanking angles, 85, 86-88; see also guns, saps, redoubts

Flour mills, 246-247, 250

Forest Rangers, 122-123

Fowler, Peter, 267-268

Fowling, 80, 82

Fox, Aileen, Lady, 44, 161-164, 166

Gate pā, 132; and protection, 270

Geographical Information Systems (G.I.S.), 268 ,

Gisborne, see Tūranganui

Goldmining, 19, 22, 257-265

Golson, Jack, 17, 33, 113-115

Green, Roger, 59

Groube, L.M., 18

Gum-digging, 214, 238-239, 240

Gunfighter pā, see pā, gunfighter; see also specific names of pā

Guns, 83-88, 110; enfilading fire, 91; see also flanking angles

Haast River, Haast (locality), 34-35, 233-234

Hamlin's Hill (Auckland), 18

Hapū, in settlement pattern, 29

Hau Hau, see Pai Mārire

Hawaii, 57, 59, 77

Hawke's Bay, 17, 18

Heaphy River, 200

Heipipi (pā), 156-157

Herekaki (pā), 130-131

High terrace (landform), 194, 217; Te Awanga, Hawke's Bay, 161-164; Taranaki, 167; and pā form, 156, 268-269; and goldmining, 255-256, 262-263; see also coastal terraces

Hikurangi (Mount), 139, 141

Hikurangi (Northland), 229

Hikurangi (pā, V21/41), 60, 157,158-159

Hill-forts (United Kingdom), 17

Hinuera Gap, 113

Historic Places Act 1993, 271

Hobbs, Reverend John, 234

HongiHika, 88, 113

Hokianga Harbour, 98, 103

Hooker, Ray, 200

Horouta (canoe), 11, 141

Horowhenua, 73

Horticulture, Bay of Plenty, 129; borrow pits, 61, 62, 172-173; on dunelands, 103,117-120, 186-188; northern South Island, 200, 218-219; plot sizes, 66; volcanic soils, 64, 104, 105, 108; see also trenches (horticulture), stone rows (horticulture), pits (storage), Palliser Bay.

Houhora Harbour, 98

House floors, 132-133, 148

Huriawa Peninsula, 219

Hydraulic sluicing, 256, 261-266

Infrared, 19

Inman's Redoubt (Q21/152), 86

Irrigation, 254-256

Irwin, Geoff, 47

Kaeo, 250

Kahungūnu, 11, 13, 252-254, 268; at Maungakahia, 156

Kai Kōura Peninsula (South Bay pā, 031/34), 200,220-221, 234

Kaiapoi (pā, M35/7), 213, 221-222

Kaipara Harbour, 47

Kākāramea Redoubt (Q21/154), 180

Kakatarahae (pā, W16/13), 12, 16

Kapowairua, 98-99

Kapiti Island, 193

Karaka (tree), 168, 192, 211

Karikari Peninsula, 102-103, 240

Katikatiaka (pā, Q18/53), 47; and site protection, 274

Kauri forest, 97

Kawau Island (smelter, R9/642), 240-242; see also Miners Bay

Kawiti, 108-110

Kekeparaoa (pā), 20

Kelly, Leslie, 17

Kerikeri, 250

Knight, Hardwicke, 18, 79

Kohukete (pā, V21/3-7), 157,160-161

Kuaotunu Peninsula, 20, 22, 192, 261

Kūmara, 61, 116 note; see also Horticulture

Kūmara (goldfield, J32/22), 262, 264-265

Kūpapa, 91, 132-135

Kupe, 187

Kupe's Sails (Ngā Ra 6 Kupe), 182, 187

Kurahaupō (canoe), 98-99, 156

Landforms and settlement pattern, 33-35; see also high terraces (landform), river terraces (landform), serpentine (landform), coastal terraces

Lands, see ploughing

Leach, Foss, 18, 63

Leach, H.M., 18, 63

Little Sister, Chatham Islands, 82

Logantown, 261; see also Bendigo

McFadgen, Bruce, 47

Māhaki, Te Aitanga a Māhaki, 13, 50; see also Pawerawera (pā)

Māhia Peninsula (Nukutaurua mai Tawhiti), 31, 156, 216, 234, 251, 268-270

Maketū, Maketū Peninsula, 127, 129,130-131

Mana Island, 193

Manaia Redoubt, 85

Mangapiko River, 90, 92-93

Mangakahia River, 97

Mangatoatoa marae (pā at, S15/107), 13

Mangere (pā), 108

Maniapoto, Rewi, 124

Manuaitu (pā, R15/82), 53, 117-119; see also Aotea north head

Manutuke, 145-146

Māori Oral History Atlas, 273

page 292

Maraetaha River pā, 143-145

Maraetōtara River, 161-164

Marama Tāwhana (pā, Z17/211), 25, 26

Marsden, Reverend Māori, 98-99

Marsden, Reverend Samuel, 243; see also Church Missionary

Society Marsden Cross, see Te Oihi Mātaatua, 98

Mātaatua (canoe), 11, 12, 125

Mātakitaki (pā, S15/2), 88, 90, 113

Matata (ditch and bank fence, Y19/148), 251

Matawhero, 145

Maungakahia (pā, Y19/49), 216, 252-254, 268; see also Kahungūnu

Maungakiekie (pā, R11/14), see One Tree Hill

Maungapiko, 98-99

Mayor Island (Tuhua, obsidian quarry, U13/124), 126

Mercury Bay, 41-44; see also Wharetaewa

Meremere Redoubt, 124

Methodist Missions, 111, 117-119, 234, 250

Middens, 54, 74; see also shellfish gathering

Military settlement, 85, 180; see also New Zealand Wars, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Taranaki

Miners Bay (pumphouse chimney, R9/629), 241-242

Moa, Moa-hunting, 79, 195, 200, 212

Mōhaka River, 153, 161 Mōkau River, 88, 111, 171, 174

Motiti Island, 129 Motu Tawa (Mōkau River), 171

Motuhorā (Whale Island), 129

Moturua Island, 103

Musket warfare, 83, 132; Waikato, 83, 84, 88, 90; East Coast, 88; Taranaki, 171, 174; South Island, 219-224; see also pā (gunfighter), New Zealand Wars

Nevin, D., 156

New Zealand Aerial Mapping, Ltd, 18

New Zealand Archaeological Association, 18, 25 note

New Zealand Wars, Bay of Plenty, 132-135; Northland phase, 108-110, 246-248, 250; Waikato, 89-94, 117-124; Taranaki, 174-182; East Coast, 145-152; Hawke's Bay, 161-166

Ngā Ra o Kupe, see Kupe's Sails

Ngā Puhi, 88, 105, 132

Ngāi Tahu, 140, 199, 213; see also Kaiapoi, Kai Kōura, Onāwe

Ngaruroro River, 153, 165

Ngatapa (pā, X17/1), 87, 124, 147,150-152, 204

Ngāti (tribal prefix); see also individual ancestor's name

Ngāti Apa, see Awamate

Ngāti Awa, 125, 132

Ngāti Kahungūnu, 88, 136-137, 156; see also Kahungūnu, Māhia Peninsula, Ōtātara (pā)

Ngāti Koata, 222; see also Manuaitu (pā), Aotea north head

Ngāti Manawa, 132

Ngāti Maniapoto, 88, 111, 171

Ngāti Mutunga, 274

Ngāti Porou, 88, 140

Ngāti Rangitihi, 132

Ngāti Ruahikihiki, 224-225

Ngāti Ruanui, 168, 179-182

Ngāti Tama, 88, 168

Ngāti Toa, 88, 171, 199; see also Te Rauparaha

Ngawlhi (stone rows, S28/103), 189-191

Nichol, Reg, 18

Ninety Mile Beach, 63; midden (N3/255), 73-74

Northburn, 215, 255-256, 262-263, 270

Nukutaurua (locality, ditch and bank fences, Y19/48), 23, 98, 156, 216, 251-254, 268-270; see also Māhia Peninsula,

Maungakahia, Ōraka, Pari o Kena

Oblique aerial photographs, 19

Ocean Beach (Hawke's Bay) (pā at), 154-155

Ohaeawai (pā, P5/205), 83-84,106

Ohiti (pā, V21/65), 165-166

Oika (pā, Q22/28), 180-181, 207

Okoropunga (Wairarapa Coast) (stone rows, T28/47), 65

Onāwe (pā, N36/86), 73, 75, 222-223

One Tree Hill (Maungakiekie) (pā, Rll/14), 105, 108, 271

Open Bay Islands, 233-234

Ōraka, 156, 269

Ōrākau (pā, S15/103), 122-124; and site protection, 270

Orariki (pā, M37/4), 77, 224-225

Oruaka (pā, M37/24), 77, 226

Oruarangi (pā, T12/17), 113-115

Otago Museum, 79, 113-115

Otago Peninsula, 81

Ōtātara Historic Reserve (pā, V21/41), 60,156-159

Otautu (locality, pā at, Q21/115), 168,170, 206

Otorohanga (pā near, S16/101), 272

Otumoana (pā), 46

Ovens, see umu

Owhara (pā), 130-131

Pā, 33, 102-103; chronology (age), 58-60; described in late eighteenth century, 41-44; geographical distribution, 48, 187; "pā line", 187; gunfighter pā, 88-91, 133-138; visibility in landscape, 48, 187; nineteenth century, 58; Kai Kōura, 220-221; refuge pā, 57; ring-ditch form, 46, 48; size, 58; swamp pā, 37, 44-45; see also Cook, James; weapons; warfare; musket warfare; river terrace (landform)

Pā Māori, The (book), see E. Best

Paekakariki (pits, R26/180), 192, 211

Paeroa (pā), 103

Pai Mārire, 132, 134-135, 147, 151, 161, 165, 203

Paikea, Te Ana o Paikea, 139-141

Pakipaki (Hawke's Bay pā, V22/13), 17, 30-32, 49

Palliser Bay, 63, 189-191, 200

Pāoa, 141

Papamoa (pā, U14/238), 17,128-129

Paremata Barracks (R26/254), 191,193

Pari o Kena (pā, Y19/41), 252-254

Pari Whakatau, 200

Pariwhakaoho (pā), 200

Pastoralism, 38, 193, 254-255; see also ditch and bank fences, burning

Pātea, Pātea River, 168, 206

Pāterangi (pā, Firth of Thames, T12/17), 113-115

Pāterangi (pā, Waikato, S15/53, 74, 75), 91-94; and site protection, 270 page 293Pauatahanui, 191-193

Pawerawera (pā, XI7/4), 50; see also Māhaki

Perano's Whaling Station, 234, 236, 239

Phillip, F.L., 17

Photogrammetry, 17

Pirongia (vicinity), 88, 92-94, 117

Pitcairn Island, 77

Pits, defensive; see rifle trenches

Pits, storage, 51, 70-71, 143-145, 148, 154-155, 192, 211, 218-219, 269; antiquity, 71; as dwellings, 71; infilling and recutting, 71; in pā, 116; raised-rim form, 72, 148, 163-164; rua or cave form, 71, 132; Waiapu district, 145, 148; Whangaehu River, 186; see also potato clamps; horticulture

Ploughing, lands, 18, 161,165, 172-173

Pohaturoa (pā, XI8/26), 157

Popoia (pā, Y17/37), 11, 13

Population size, 33; South Island, 199; see also pā, size

Potato clamp, 87, 251, 254

Pōtikirua, see Cape Runaway

Pouawa (pā at, P5/195), 143-144

Pouerua (pā, P5/195), cover, 18, 64, 104

Pourewa Island, 207

Pouto Peninsula, 47

Prehistoric Fortifications of the North Island, see Fox, Aileen

Prickett, N., 17, 47, 167

Protection, historic sites, 25-26, 267-270; and New Zealand Wars, 270; and farming, 272-273

Pūhā, 22-23, 72

Pukeatua (South Aotea), 14

Pukemaire (pā, Waiapu, Z15/39), 36, 203

Pukemaire (pā, Maketū), 130-131

Pukerangiora (pā, Q19/69, 70), 83, 87, 94,174-179, 205

Puketapu (pā), 132

Puketutu (pā), 84

Putake (pā, Q21/7), 169, 208

Quartz bedrock gold-mining, 257-261

Queen's Redoubt (Pokeno), 122

Radiocarbon ages, pā, 59; see also pits, storage, antiquity; Northland/Auckland, 103, 108

Raised-rim pits, see pits, storage, raised-rim form

Rangiaowhia, 93, 124

Rangihoua (pā, Q5/3), 55, 58, 243-245, 250

Rangiriri, 120-122; and site protection, 270-271, 272

Rangitāne, 98

Rapa Island, 59

Raukūmara (Aotea), 12

Raukūmara Range, 129

Redoubts, 84-85; Te Pōrere, 135-138; see also specific names, New Zealand Wars

Reserves and historic site protection, 270

Rewa River, Fiji, 59-60

'Rewi's Last Stand', see Ōrākau

Rifle trenches, 84, 108-110, 177

Rifles, see guns

Ring-ditch pā, see pā, ring-ditch

Rivers, 35; see also river terraces (landform)

River terraces (landform), 129, 143-145, 186; and pits, 192-193; Mōhaka River, 153

Rongowhakaata, 13; see also Manutuke, Tapui

Royal New Zealand Air Force, 18, 82

Rua, see pits, rua form

Rua a Rehua (pā, Y17/315), 2

Ruapani, Ngāti Ruapani, 11, 13

Ruapekapeka (pā, Q6/139), 88, 94, 108-110; see also New Zealand Wars, Northland phase

Ruātoki, 38-40, 129

Samoa, 57, 77

Samson Bay (argillite quarry, N26/2), 77-79

Saps, 85, 87, 124,176-178

Sarah's Gully (midden, T10/167; pā, T10/168), 23, 71, 112

Scale, 25

Schnackenberg, Reverend Cort, 117-119; see also Methodist Missions

Scows, 229

Seals, sealing, 199

Selwyn, George Augustus, Bishop, 246-247, 250

Serpentine (landform), 77

Seventeen Valley Stream (pits, P28/22), 200, 218-219

Shellfish gathering, 73-74; see also middens

Shore whaling, 234-239

Skipper's Ridge, 22, 71

Sluicing, see hydraulic sluicing

Skinner, W.H., 17, 44

Smart, Colin, 17

Smith, S. Percy, 17, 44, 179

Soil marks, 19, 22-23, 24

Soils, gravel-added, see Horticulture, soils

South Bay (Kai Kōura, pā), 220-221

Spirits Bay, see Kapowairua

Sprenger, Kees, 18

Stereoscopic photographs, stereoscope, 18

Stone rows (horticulture), 63-66, 129, 202; Cape Runaway, 150; Clarence River, 200, 217; Okoropunga, 65; Palliser Bay, Wairarapa, 63, 189-191; see also horticulture

Storage pits, see pits, storage

Sutton, Doug, 18

Swamp pā, see pā, swamp pā

Swamps, 63, 113, 129

Table Cape (Kahutara), 268

Tahanga, Mount, 22, 112

Tai Rawhiti, Kingites at Maketū, 130-131

Taiamai plains, 104

Tailings, 215, 256, 261-266

Tainui (canoe), 11, 12, 17, 111, 129

Takaihuahua (pā), 130-131

Tākitimu (canoe), 11, 98, 156, 252-254, 268

Tāneātua, 129

Tāngāhoe River, 169, 208

Tangimate (eel channels, S24/25), 76

Tapui (pā, Y18/75), 17,145-146

Taranaki War, First, see New Zealand Wars, Taranaki

Taro, 61; see also horticulture

Taumaka Island, 233-234

page 294

Taumatawhana (pā, N3/1, 2), 237, 240

Taumutu, see Orariki

Te Ana o Paikea, see Paikea

Te Arai (pā, 83, 174-179); see also Pukerangiora

Te Arawa (canoe), 127, 129

Te Arawa, 130-132

Te Atiawa, 88, 168

Te Awaiti, whaling, 234-235

Te Awamate (Rangitīkei, pā, S23/61), 45

Te Hārema (pā, V17/12), 132-133

Te Hauke (Hawke's Bay, pā at, V22/56), 24

Te Ika a Maru Bay (pā, Q27/28), 185

Te Kaha, 35

Te Kaka (pā, X14/45), 35

Te Koko a Kuku (pā, X14/4), 132

Te Kooti Arikirangi, 87, 132-137, 147, 150-152, 161, 204

Te Oihi (Marsden Cross), trenches, horticultural, 56, 66, 70; Church Missionary Society (Q5/5), 243-245, 250

Te Pōrere (pā, T19/55), 135-138

Te Puia (pā, R18/1), 171

Te Ranga, 132 Te Rangihiroa, 59

Te Rauparaha, 171, 221-224

Te Tapiri (pā, V17/33), 132,134-135

Te Reinga, 156

Te Waimate (Waimate North), 246-250

Te Wehengaiti (pā, T19/41), 89, 91

Terraces (landform), 33, 35, 37

Thacker's Redoubt (Q21/153), 87

Tikitiki, 36-37, 203

Tiniroto, 156

Tirau (pā, T15/23, 27), 57, 116; see also Hinuera Gap, borrow pits

Tiromoana (pā, W21/1), 161-165

Titokowaru, 168, 180 Tohe, 97-98

Tokitoki (pā, X19/57, 58), 161,165

Tokomaru (canoe), 168

Tolaga Bay, 25, 26, 71, 141, 207

Toroa (Northern Royal Albatross), 82

Tory Channel, 234-236

Traditional sites (definition), 11, 273

Trenches (defensive), see redoubts, rifle trenches Trenches (horticulture), 55-56, 66-70, 100-101, 245; see also horticulture

Trotter, Michael, 199

Tūhoe, 88, 124, 132

Tūhoe-pōtiki, 12

Tukituki River, 63, 153

Tūpāroa (pā at, Z15/82), 52, 148

Tupou Bay (trenches, pā, P4/8), 66, 98-101

Tūranganui, 140-150 Turi, 12, 14, 168-169

Turi Matai Rehua (pā), 12,14

Tūtaekurī River, 153, 157

Uawa River, 26, 139

Umu (earth oven), 74, 78-79, 80; umu tī, 80-81

United Kingdom, archaeology, 15, 17, 44, 267-268

United States, Civil War, 84, 94

Urewera Range, 129

Vertical aerial photographs, 18

Waerenga ā Hika (pā, Y18/34), 147,151

Wai Mihia (pā, Y18/342), 141

Waiapu River, 139; see also Tūpāroa, Pukemaire

Waiari (pā, S15/53), 91-93

Waihi estuary (Maketū Peninsula), 130-131

Waihou River, 113-115

Waihuka River, see Pawerawera

Waipā River, 91-93, 113

Waipāoa River, 11, 139; see also Tūranganui

Waipuna (pā, Y19/45), 216, 252-254

Wairau Bar (middens, P28/21), 195-200, 212

'Wairau canals', 200

Wairewa (Lake Forsythe), 77, 226

Wairoa River (Hawke's Bay), 156

Wairoa River (Northland), 97

Waita River, 34-35

Waitaki River mouth (ovens, J41/56), 23, 79-80, 200

Waitara, Waitara River, 175-179; see also Pukerangiora

Waiu (gunfighter pā), 88

Walton, Tony, 18

Wanganui kūpapa, 137

Wanganui River, 183

Warfare, 41-48; see also pā, New Zealand Wars, rifle trenches, guns Weapons, pre-European Māori, 44

Welshtown, 260-261

Whakakī Lagoon, 161, 165

Whānau, in settlement pattern, 29

Whānau a Apanui, 88

Whangaehu River (borrow pits, S23/21; pā, S22/15, 70) 51,185- 190, 209-210

Whanganui Inlet, coal, 229

Whangaparāoa River (eastern Bay of Plenty), 127, 129

Whāngārā, 139-141

Whangawehi (Māhia Peninsula), 268

Wharekaho (pā), 42-43

Wharetaewa (pā, Tll/79), 41-44, 111, 113

Whenuakura (borrow pits, Q22, 25), 168, 172-173

Whenuakura River (Oika pā), 180-181, 207

Whenuanui (pā, Y17/316), 72

Whirinaki River Valley, 129, 132

White potato, 251; see also Potato clamps

Whitmore, Sir G.S., 132-133

Wild-flooding, 254-256

Wilkes, Owen, 199

Williams, Reverend W., 156

Wilson, O., 18, 135-138