O

• The fourth letter in the Samoan alphabet. It is both long and short. Its sound is the same as in English. Placed at the end of a word, it is the vowel of exclamation: as uio, pisao, vavao, fa‘alaio, aituo, manuo, &c.

• O, a sign of the present participle, in some instances used instead of ‘o lo‘o. ‘Ona va‘ai atu lea, o fa‘ala Taligumaivalu. Without a verb expressed, O ia Una le pa.

• O, prep. of, belonging to. ‘O le pou o le fale. On the choice of o or a, see Grammar.

• O, adv. yonder. lo i o i‘u mai.

• O, the possessive prefix to the dual and plural pronouns when the noun is plural. Tatou te o i o tatou fale.

• O, a verbal particle marking the perfect tense instead of ‘ua.

• O, Malay, Omai, v. pl. of alu and sau.

• O, v. to penetrate, as a spear into the body; to go deep down, as a stick stuck into the ground and meeting with no obstacle.

• ‘O, the sign of the nominative absolute. ‘O si ‘ou tuagane, ‘o Pinono. It is also often used with a nominative after the form ona … ai lea. Ona o‘o mai lea ‘o le nu‘u. Otherwise it is very seldom used with a nominative after a verb, except when required for the sake of euphony. On the use of this particle, see Grammar.

• O, adv. yes, in answer to a call. See Oe.

• Oa, s. a couple, commencing with the second; as e lua oa, e tolugaoa, &c.

• ‘Oa, s. lather, soapsuds.

• ‘Oa, v. to lather; pl. ‘o‘oa.

• ‘Oa, s. property, goods, riches, comprising all foreign articles, as distinguished from toga, native-made goods, such as fine mats,

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  siapo, &c.; also houses and canoes. Syn. ‘Oloa. ‘O ana ‘oa.

• O‘a, v. to husk cocoa-nuts. Syn. Mele‘i.

• O‘a, s. the stick for husking cocoa-nuts. Syn. Mele‘i.

• ‘O‘a, s. a tree from which the colouring matter for marking siapo is obtained (Bischoffia Javanica).

• ‘O‘ai, v. to mark or paint siapo.

• ‘O‘aiga, s. a making of native cloth. Syn. Elei. ‘O lana ‘o‘aiga.

• Oaoa, s. a scarecrow, made by rattling together empty water-bottles made of cocoa-nut shells.

• ‘O‘a‘o‘a, s. a stake stuck into the sand to secure a canoe to.

• ‘Oa‘oa, s. delight. ‘O lona ‘oa‘oa. Syn. Fiafia.

• ‘Oa‘oa, v. to be delighted. Syn. Fiafia.

• ‘Oa‘oaifalesau, of great joy.

• Oauli, s. noon. See Aoauli.

• ‘Oalu‘ulu‘u, s. a mixed payment of ‘oloa and toga, foreign and native property.

• Oatea, s. noon. See Aoatea. Syn. Oauli.

• ‘Oavale, s. property of small value. See ‘Oloavale.

• ‘Oe, pron. sing. thou, you; contracted into ‘e before verbs.

• Oe, adv. yes. See O.

• ‘O‘e, s. a knife.

• Oi, interj. 1. alas! oh! 2. Joyful surprise. Ona taufaioso lea ‘o fafine ma fa‘apea. Oi! ‘ua fa‘afetai. The difference between these two significations is indicated by the tone of the voice.

• Oi, v. to disturb, to meddle with what would have been better left alone; as to cut into a swelling which was getting well; to cut down a tree, causing it to fall on a plantation, &c.; pass. oia; recip. feoia‘i; pass. feoisa‘ia.

• Oi, v. to groan; pl. Feoi.

• ‘Oi, interj. oh ! expressing surprise, also pain and grief; intens. ‘oi‘oi‘oi.

• ‘O‘i, v. 1. to creak, as the rafters of a house during a storm. 2. To grind the teeth; intens. ‘o‘i‘o‘i.

• Oi aue, interj. alas, alas!

• Oi aue, v. to wail as in trouble. ‘Ua oi aue le fafine.

• Oialevaoifagalele, v. to be pained.

• ‘Oifea, adv. where? See ‘Ofea.

• Oi Talofa, interj. alas! used in expressing sympathy; also commiseration approaching to the denunciation of woe upon those who wilfully do wrong.

• Oo, s. a saddle of pork.

• O‘o, s. 1. the spongy substance inside of a cocoa-nut just beginning to sprout. 2. Property taken to relatives. Ua lasi ‘ou o‘o o tauosi i itu i vuo.

• O‘o, v. to arrive at; to reach to; pass. o‘otia.

• O‘o, a. full-grown. ‘O le pua‘a o‘o.

• Oo, s. the shout at the end of the song soa.

• ‘O‘o, v. 1. to be slack, to be loosely tied. 2. To be hollow.

• ‘O‘oa, v. pl. of ‘oa, to lather.

• ‘O‘oa, v. 1. to praise one's own deeds, to boast. 2. To make others laugh.

• O‘oo‘o, v. 1. to visit a sick person. 2. To be full tide.

• O‘ofe, v. to have a voice like a flute (‘ofe); to have a good voice. ‘Ua o‘ofe le leo.

• ‘O‘ola, a. 1. half crooked. 2. See ‘Ola.

• ‘O‘ole, v. to shrink, to shrivel up.

• ‘O‘ole, a. pl. of ‘ole, deceitful.

• ‘O‘olo, v. to have a voice like a hen, to speak indistinctly.

• ‘O‘olo, a. indistinct utterance, hoarse.

• ‘O‘omi, v. to squeeze, to press in; pass. ‘omia; redup. ‘omi‘omi, to continue to squeeze.

• ‘O‘omo, a. pl. of ‘omo.

• ‘O‘ona, a. bitter, sour.

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• ‘O‘ona, v. to be bitter, to be sour.

• ‘O‘ono, v. 1. to bear down, as a woman in labour. 2. To be patient, to endure, as pain or provocation. See ‘Onosa‘i.

• Oopa, v. to close the wings as a flying pigeon so as to descend quickly.

• ‘O‘opa, a. pl. of ‘opa.

• ‘O‘osa, v. to be old and yet seeking a wife.

• ‘O‘osi, v. to scratch; pass. ‘osia; redup. ‘osi‘osi.

• O‘otaga, s. property presented to his family on the occasion of a chief's death. ‘O lana o‘otaga.

• ‘O‘oti, v. pl. of ‘oti.

• O‘otia, v. to be beaten and abused.

• Ou, v. to bark, of a dog.

• Ou, interj. fie! for shame! Ou a ma!

• Ou, pron. pl. of lou, your.

• ‘Ou, pron. I. before verbs. ‘A ‘ou alualu, lafo ane.

• O‘u, pron. pl. of lo‘u, my.

• ‘O‘u, v. to be uneven, to bulge out, as siapo and mats when not well made; intens. ‘o‘u‘o‘u.

• ‘Oulua, pron. you two; contracted to lua before verbs.

• Ousosoga, adv. whilst, during the time of, in the midst. From uso, the pith of a tree.

• ‘Outou, pron. pl. you; contracted to tou before verbs.

• Ofa, v. to be startled. See Maofa. E, ata moemoe, ta te ofa.

• Ofa, s. 1. the top gravestones of a chief's grave. 2. A rising ground built up with stones, as a tia.

• Ofaofa, s. a species of the sea-urchin (Echinidea).

• Ofaofalauago, s. two kinds of ofaofa.

• Ofaofasina, s. two kinds of ofaofa.

• Ofaofata‘i, v. to cover with the wings, to brood over, to cherish, as a hen does her chickens.

• Ofaga, s. a nest. ‘O lona ofaga. Syn. Fataniga.

• Ofaga, v. 1. to make a nest. 2. To blow a fair wind. ‘Ua ofaga lelei mai le matagi i le la o le va‘a. As if the wind were making its nest in the sail.

• ‘Ofe, s. 1. a bamboo. 2. A fishing-rod. ‘O lona ‘ofe alo atu.

• ‘Ofea, adv. where? See ‘Oifea?

• Ofi, v. 1. to enter, as a canoe into the lagoon. 2. To fit in, to find room. ‘Ua tumu le fale, ‘ua le ofi nisi. 3. To cover, of the male animal; pass. ofia, of the female.

• Ofo, s. astonishment, wonder. ‘Ua tele lona ofo.

• Ofo, v. to be astonished, to wonder; intens. ofoofo.

• Ofo, s. a part of a tia. ‘Ua iloga le ofo a Aleipata, ‘ua le tanua.

• Ofo, v. 1. to salute on meeting. 2. To make an offer of food, services, &c. Ofo mai se tautai pagota. 3. To shout before a fight; redup. ofoofo.

• Ofo, s. the first speech made on presenting food to visitors.

• Ofoofogia, pass. of ofo.

• Ofoaue, v. to salute with wailing. ‘A sau, ia ‘e ofoaue i ai.

• Ofoaalise, s. the beginning of the cry of alise.

• Ofotu, s. to offer to lend or give something without consulting the family.

• ‘Ofu, s. 1. native food, tied up in a leaf, ready for being cooked, as ‘ofu palolo, ‘ofu samilolo, &c. ‘O lana ‘ofu. 2. A garment derived from the first meaning. ‘O lona ofu.

• ‘Ofu, v. to put on a garment; pl. ‘o‘ofu; pass. ‘ofuina.

• ‘Ofu‘ofu, v. to tie up in leaves, ready for cooking.

• ‘Ofufafine, s. a woman's dress, a gown.

• ‘Ofulua, a. twenty ‘ofu or parcels of food tied up in leaves, as palusami, &c.

• ‘Ofutino, s. a shirt.

• ‘Ofutoto, s. a packet of baked blood.

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• ‘Ofuvae, s. trousers.

• Oga, v. to have the snuffles; intens. ogaoga.

• ‘Oga, v. 1. the trunk of anything, as ‘O lona ‘ogafa‘i. 2. A divison, a part out off. 3. A principal part. In each of these cases it must be compounded with another noun, and the uniting a be lengthened, or properly be doubled. ‘O le ogala‘au. 4. The penis, when the word is used alone.

• ‘Ogaumu, s. the hole in which the native oven is made. ‘O lana ogaumu.

• ‘Ogala‘au, s. the trunk of a tree, a large log.

• ‘Ogaloto, s. the middle.

• ‘Ogamanava, s. the side of the belly above the hips. ‘O le tagata e motulua i le ‘ogamanava. Tupua.

• ‘Ogamatagi, s. a circumscribed gust of wind.

• ‘Oganu‘u, s. 1. a part of a district, a town, a village. 2. The inhabitants of a village. Ona potopoto ane ai lea ‘o le ‘oganu‘u.

• ‘Ogatotonu, s. the middle. Syn. ‘Ogaloto.

• Oge, s. a famine, a dearth.

• Oge, v. to have a famine, to have a dearth.

• Ogeluavai, s. a famine of two bottles, when much water is drunk to appease hunger; a great famine.

• Ogo, s. a disease of children's eyes.

• Ogo, v. to be of good conduct. Ua ogo lona agabelei.

• Ogo, v. 1. to scorch, as the sun. 2. To give pain, as a disease, or harsh words; pass. ogotia; intens. ogogo. ‘Ua ogotia i le la.

• Ogo, a. 1. scorching, of the sun. 2. Painful, of a disease. 3. Cutting, of words; intens. ogogo. 4. Severe, as a fine. O le sala ogo.

• Ogogo, s. the stinging nettle (Urtica enderalis, Forst., and Fleurya interrupta. Gaud.).

• Ogogo, s. a weed (Fleurya cordata, Forst.).

• Ogogosina, s. a weed (Leucas decemdentata).

• Ogotea, s. species of the disease ogo.

• Ogototo, s. species of the disease ogo.

• Ola, s. 1. life, the ordinary word not used to chiefs. ‘O lona ola. 2. A fish basket. ‘O lana ola. 3. A piece-offering. 4. The first bonito caught in a new canoe. 5. Prosperity, E! le sau o le ola. Said when rain falls after a drought.

• Ola, v. 1. to live. 2. To recover from sickness. ‘Ua ola le ma‘i. 3. To be delivered of a child. ‘Ua ola le fafine. 4. To be delivered from punishment. ‘Ua ola le sala. 5. To end a war and conclude a peace. ‘Ua ola le taua.

• Ola, a. prosperous. ‘O le tagata ola.

• Ola, interj. wonderful! surprising!

• ‘Ola, s. semen; also ‘ola‘ola and ‘o‘ola.

• Ola‘aga, s. lifetime. ‘O lona ola‘aga. See Olaga.

• Olaaso, v. lit. to live for a day; to threaten to kill when opportunity offers.

• Olaola, v. to flourish, to thrive.

• Olaola, adv. flourishingly. Ia tupu olaola lana afioga.

• Olaolaati, s. the wedge to fix on the handle of a hatchet.

• Olaolaati, v. to wedge a hatchet handle.

• Olaga, s. lifetime. ‘O lona olaga.

• Olamea, s. the name of a tree (Randia densiflora, Benth.).

• Olamoamoa, v. lit. the life of the moamoa, to live a scared life. Le Tui ‘ua olamoamoa.

• Olapito, s. 1. the name of a tree. Syn. Matalafi (Psychotria sp.). 2. A brittle cocoa-nut, leaf.

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• Olasina, s. the name of a tree.

• Olataga, s. 1. a means of deliverance. ‘O lana olataga. 2. Salvation, deliverance. 3. A saviour. ‘O lona olataga.

• Olavai, s. the name of a shrub (Psychotria sp.).

• Ole, v. to ask, to beg.

• Ole, s. begging. ‘O lana ole.

• ‘Ole, v. to deceive; intens. ‘ole‘ole; pass. ‘olegia, ‘ole‘olegia.

• ‘Ole, a. deceitful.

• ‘Olega, s. a begging.

• Oli, v. to challenge to a club match by brandishing the club.

• ‘Oli, s. the name of a tree, called also fena (Eugenia neurocalyx).

• Olioli, s. the name of a tree fern, called ‘also Paoga, and on Manu‘a, Pagoa (Alsphila lunulata).

• ‘Oli‘oli, s. joy. ‘O lona ‘oli‘oli.

• ‘Oli‘oli, v. to be joyful. ‘Ua ‘oli‘oli fua le livaliva, ‘a ‘ua gau le matavana. The family rejoice in vain, for the child dies.

• ‘Oli‘olisaga, s. a chief's grave. Talofa i lena tagata, ‘a eva i le ‘oli‘olisaga.

• ‘Oliui, s. variety of ‘oli.

• ‘Olimaona, a. fruit of the ‘oli, well filled, plump; fig. good-looking, well-proportioned. ‘Ua se ‘olima‘ona.

• ‘Olitoto, s. the red variety of ‘oli.

• Olo, v. 1. to rub down, to grate, as taro. 2. To rub, to make smooth. ‘Ua uma ona olo ‘o le pa. 3. To plane. 4. To destroy, to raze, to reduce all to a level with the ground. 5. To ooo, as a dove.

• Olo, s. a plane. ‘O lana olo.

• ‘Olo (Tongan), s. a mace in the form of a knob with a short handle, carried about by young men.

• ‘Olo, s. a fortress. ‘O lo latou ‘olo.

• ‘Olo, v. to prepare to make an attempt, as to take a voyage; intens. ‘olo‘olo. ‘Ua tau‘olo‘olo atui le aiga mamao.

• ‘Oloa, s. 1. property, goods, riches, wealth; as houses, canoes, foreign articles of every kind, to distinguish them from native property, toga. ‘O lana ‘oloa, also lona. 2. A chief's tooth. ‘O lona ‘oloa.

• Oloamanu, s. the name of a Samoan month; May—June.

• ‘OloAtaua, s. property (or a wife) given to a chief to secure his assistance in war.

• ‘Oloavale, s. property of small value, as fish-hooks, needles, &c. See ‘Oavale.

• Oloolo, s. 1. an uninhabited haunted place. 2. A method of fishing by rubbing down futu, the fruit of Barringtonia speciosa, to poison the fish.

• Oloolotu, v. 1. to be incapacitated by age, as for war. 2. Not to be in a hurry to start on a journey.

• ‘Ologa, s. from ‘olo, a place to wait at for fair weather, in order to set out on a journey.

• Olomatua, s. an old woman. See Lo‘omatua.

• Olopala, v. to rub to pieces, to destroy.

• Olotalo, s. a native dish of scraped taro. ‘O lana olotalo.

• Olotu, s. an old pigeon. Syn. Matuaisu.

• Olu, v. to be bulky, bloated; redup. oluolu. ‘Ua olu vals le tino.

• Olula, s. masi made from bread-fruit, first left to soften, and then buried.

• Oma, s. a kind of dog's collar.

• ‘Oma‘i. v. to run in, as a bay or inlet; also ‘omoa‘i.

• Omea, s. clay.

• Omea, v. to put clay on the head in order to stiffen the hair.

• ‘Omi‘omi, v. 1. to press between the hands; pass. ‘omia. 2. To detract; pl. ‘o‘omi.

• ‘Omo, s. a hollow, indentation.

• ‘Omo, a. indented, bent in; pl. ‘o‘omo; intens. ‘omo‘omo. ‘O mata ‘o‘omo, sunken eyes.

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• ‘Omo, v. to be indented, to be sunk in; pl. ‘o‘omo; intens. ‘omo‘omo.

• ‘Omoa‘i. See ‘Oma‘i.

• Omomi, s. 1. a sponge. 2. A glutton.

• ‘Omota‘i. See ‘Oma‘i.

• Ona, pron. pl. his, hers.

• Ona, conj. because of, on account of. ‘Ua matou le o, ona ‘o le ma‘i. Before verbs, because that. ‘Ua le o, ona ‘ua matagi. Nearly as ina ‘ua.

• Ona, adv. then. It is always followed by lea or ai lea after the verb. Ona alu ai lea ‘o le tagata.

• Ona, v. to own, to be the owner of. E ona le fanua.

• Ona, a kind of participle. Ua loa ona sau, the coming was long ago.

• ‘Ona, s. the lower part of the abdomen.

• ‘Ona, a. bitter, poisonous. ‘O le ‘ava ‘ona. See ‘O‘ona; dim. ‘ona‘ona.

• ‘Ona, v. 1. to be poisoned. 2. To be intoxicated; pass. ‘onasia.

• ‘Ona, a. drunken. ‘O le tagata ‘ona.

• One, s. gunpowder. ‘O lana one.

• Onea, s. a species of sea-snake.

• Oneone, s. 1. sand. 2. A great multitude. Se mea a oe e fita, ona a ‘e tali le oneone e sau nei.

• Oneonea, a. sandy.

• Oneuli, s. black sand.

• Onega, s. a sandy place in which a river is lost before reaching the sea.

• Onepata, s. coarse sand.

• Ono, Malay, Onomo, a. six.

• Ono, v. to be becoming, to be appropriate. E le ono i ali‘i ia ona.

• Ono, v. to look at preparatory to springing upon, as a dog does.

• Onoa, s. an open space. Syn. Avanoa.

• Onoono, v. to appear, as the head of a child when about to be born.

• ‘Ono‘ono, v. to suffer under an insult or injury.

• Onogaoa, a. six couples, of young pigs or of cocoa-nuts.

• Onogafulu, a. sixty.

• Onogalau, a. six hundred.

• Onomea, v. to be becoming, to be appropriate. See Ono.

• ‘Onosa‘i, s. patience, endurance. ‘O lona ‘onosa‘i.

• ‘Onosa‘i, v. to be patient, to endure.

• ‘Onosa‘i, a. patient, enduring. ‘O le tagata ‘onosa‘i.

• ‘Onosi, v. 1. to strain, as in labour, &c. 2. To suffer under an insult or injury; as ‘Ono‘ono.

• ‘Opa, a. 1. weak, of body, 2. Ignorant in making a speech; pl. ‘o‘opa; intens. ‘opa‘opa. 3. Stiff, of hair which stands up.

• Opeope, v. to float; pass. opea, opeapea. Na opea mai, ‘ua sau, ‘ua talana‘i vale i lenei mea.

• Opo, v. to take hold of, as in wrestling.

• Opo, v. to measure round with the arms, as a tree.

• Opoopo, v. to carry in the arms.

• Ofoga, s. 1. the pairing of laumei (Chelonia). 2. A number of fai fish (Rays).

• Oponi, v. to strengthen, as a house, by adding another beam to one that is weak.

• Osaosa, a. partly filled, as a bottle, basket, the belly, &c. ‘O le osaosa fagu.

• Osaosa, v. to be partly filled.

• Osi, v. 1. to make, as a speech, a covenant, a sacrifice. ‘Ua osia le feagaiga. 2. To act according to, as the conquered party towards the conquerors. ‘A e osi pea lo matou nei to‘ilalo. 3. To build. ‘Ua lelei osi o le maota nei; pass. osia.

• ‘Osia, v. pass. of ‘o‘osi.

• ‘Osi‘o[gap — reason: unclear]i, v. redup. of ‘o‘osi.

• Ositaulaga, s. (osi, to make, and taulaga, an offering, a sacrifice). a priest; adopted to represent

  – 96 –

  the word priest in the sacred Scriptures.

• ‘Oso, s. 1. food to be used while on a journey. ‘O lo latou oso. 2. a planting stick, or dibble.

• Oso, v. 1. to jump. 2. To jump up, to rise, as the sun and stars. ‘Ua oso mai le fetuao. 3. To throw oneself down. E oso loa i lalo i le liu o lou va‘a. 4. To rush upon, in a hostile manner. Ona oso loa lea ia Tafitofau. 5. To plunge into, as the water; pass. osofia; intens. osooso.

• Osofa‘i, v. to jump about, as troops or a disease in the body.

• Osofia, v. pass. to be taken possession of by an aitu, to be entranced.

• Osofua, v. to go uncalled; to interfere without cause.

• Osopuna, v. to jump over.

• Ososua‘i, v. to use bad language, trusting to a chief's protection to avert the consequences. Syn. Sivaalana‘i.

• Osotu, to thrust oneself into a crew or travelling party.

• Osovale. See Osofua.

• Ota, pron. pl. of lota, my, Ta moemoe, sa‘i ota lima. It is also used in the sing. Si ota manao e.

• Ota, a. uncooked, raw.

• Ota, v. to eat raw food, especially fish.

• Ota, a. ripe; pl. otata.

• Ota, v. to be ripe; pl. otata; caus. fa‘aota, to make ripe.

• Otaeia, interj. of admiration, applied to a boat or a house. E mo‘i momo‘o otaifo se fanua ua poto.

• Otaifo, interj. of admiration, applied to a boat or a house. E mo‘i momo‘o otaifo se fanua ua poto.

• Otai, s. a native dish of food.

• Otaota, s. 1. rubbish. Ne‘i‘e taea le otaota. Fagono. 2. euphem. Filth, ordure.

• Otaota, a. littered with rubbish.

• Otaotagase, s. small rubbish.

• Otalala‘oa, v. to eat raw fish long after it has been caught.

• Otamatutu, v. to eat raw fish long after it has been caught.

• ‘Ote, v. to scold; pass. ‘otegia. Ona ‘ote ai lea ‘o le tamaita‘i ‘ina ‘ua ta‘e le vai.

• ‘Ote, a. scolding.

• Oti, v. 1. to die, the common word, used only of mankind. 2. To faint. Ona matapogia lea ‘o le fafine ‘o Sinasegi, ona oti lea, ona toe ola lea.

• ‘Oti, s. a black pig.

• ‘Oti, v. to cut, to clip, as the hair, bushes, &c.; pl. ‘o‘oti;intens. ‘oti‘oti.

• Oti‘iotia, v. (oti ‘i oti a) to have one and another die. E luia le tua ma le alo i ona aso ‘ua ‘e oti‘iotia, ‘ua maua sou malo.

• Otiola, v. to be dead-alive, of a lazy person.

• Otifao, v. to die in anger with the family.

• Otilaina, v. to be starved; used in anger for matelaina.

• ‘Oto, v. 1. to pluck one here and another there. 2. To speak appropriately. As if he gathered a leaf here and a leaf there, when quoting others; dimin. ‘oto‘oto.

• ‘Oto, s. food taken to carpenters when at work.

• Otofia, pass. of oto.

• ‘Otopuapua, s. the name of a game.

• ‘Otu‘otu, a. stiff, hard; applied to native cloth, cocoa-nut leaves, &c.

• ‘Ovi, v. to be lumpy, to be uneven; as citron skin, palsied fingers, &c. pl. ‘o‘ovi; intens. ‘ovi‘ovi; pass. ‘ovi‘ovla.

• Ovitia, v. to be overawed by a multitude, so as not to be able to speak.