Italy Volume I: The Sangro to Cassino
Index
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– 379 –
Index
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Abbott, Capt R. J., 144
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Aislabie, Capt W. R., 191
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Aked, Lt-Col E. W., 114
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Alexander, Fd Mshl Earl: Commands
armies in Tunisia, 11; commands 15
Army Gp, 15; Italian armistice, 16;
requests services of 2 NZ Div in
Sicily, 29; requests delay in publication of despatch by Freyberg, 36–7;
sets winter objectives, 42; possibility
of German counter-attack, 43; plans
seaborne landing, 44; plans to transfer
strength to western side of peninsula,
149–50; withdraws 2 NZ Div from
8 Army to Naples area, 178; reinforcing of NZ Div, 181–2; plans for
NZ Corps, 182; Cassino: warns NZ
Corps to take over Americans' sector,
193; orders advance up Liri valley
when weather suitable, 194; views on
bombing of abbey, 207; decision on,
207–8; launching of May offensive,
218; visits Corps front, 241; directive
of 11 Feb 1944, 237; plan for spring
offensive, 241–2; Freyberg visits, 244;
opinion on bombing a way through
Cassino, 245; writes to Freyberg, 253;
watches bombing of Cassino, 267;
opinion of German troops, 269;
message from Churchill, 319; summons Freyberg to conference, 319;
signal from Churchill, 324, 327; plans
major regrouping at Cassino, 326–7;
use of 78 Div, 330, 350; final conferences at 5 Army, 330; decision
telephoned to Freyberg, 330; strategic
regrouping, 331, 343; masses forces
for broad-fronted offensive, 337; third
battle of Cassino, 338; considers three-
to-one superiority indispensable, 339;
employment of NZ Div, 342; calls off
operation, 352 -
Alexandria: Departure of NZ Div from
for Italy, 37, 39 -
Allfrey, Lt-Gen C. W., 62
-
Anzio: 6 US Corps lands at, 181; strength
of German resistance, 181; first
German counter-attack towards, 183;
Senger proposes withdrawal from
Cassino front, 193; German counter-
attacks at, 194; enemy effort to destroy
bridgehead, 199, 209; counter-
offensive at, 220; German counter-
attack on, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229,
237; enemy defeat at, 241 -
Arielli, 109, 110, 123, 124, 127, 128, 129,
134–6, 138, 139–40, 142, 150, 158, 162,
165 -
Arnold, Gen H. H., 246
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Asher, 2 Lt G. A., 190
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Barnett, Lt-Col A. W., 294
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Berger, Lt-Col, 128
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Beswick, Lt C. C, 293
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Borrie, Maj A. W. H., 294
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Brecciarola Ridge, 90–1, 92, 96, 102, 106,
108, 114, 116–17, 121, 140, 150, 152,
161 -
Bridges:
– 380 –
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British Forces—
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8 Army: Invasion of Sicily, 14; plans
for invading Italy, 15; lands in
Italy, 16; 2 NZ Div to rejoin, 35;
orders move to Altamura, 39;
changes plan, 40; Sangro campaign,
41–2, 44–5, 48, 62, 67, 78; operation torso, 106; regrouping of,
119; original Allied plan to converge on Rome, 139; need to draw
enemy forces from Russia and
Second Front, 140; Montgomery
recommends temporary halt in
offensive, 149; 2 NZ Div leaves,
152; planning, 176; Lt-Gen Leese
is new commander, 182; Alexander's plans for, 241; 78 Div transferred
from, 251, 261; NZ and
Indian divisions transferred from,
261; assumes command of most of
British troops in Italy, 327; Alexander's regrouping, 331 -
2 Army Group, Royal Artillery, 182, 258,
260 -
6 Army Group, Royal Artillery, 98, 133,
140, 162 -
13 Infantry Brigade, 150
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Buffs, the, 319
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5 Corps: Wins foothold north of
Trigno R., 44: reaches south bank
of Sangro, 44; Sangro campaign,
56–7, 62, 63, 67–8, 74, 80; battle
of Orsogna, 101; operation Torso,
110; embarks on full-scale offensive,
118, 121, 122; draws near Ortona,
138; Alexander's regrouping, 331 -
10 Corps: crossing of Volturno R., 42;
Garigliano R., 181; at Cassino, 186;
breaching of German Winter Line,
217; assistance to NZ Corps, 227;
operation dickens, 266, 275-
Mentioned: 15, 251
-
-
13 Corps: Enters Foggia, 41; first battle
of Orsogna, 105; at Sfasciata, 119;
policy to clear Arielli with 5 Div,
140; to relieve NZ Corps at
Cassino, 327; Freyberg confers with
commander, 328; Alexander's regrouping, 331; captures commander
of 4 Parachute Division, 334; forces
crossing of Liri R., 337; advance up
Liri valley, 340 -
51 (Highland) Division, 27
-
78 Division, 41, 44, 47, 54, 101, 119,
150, 160, 251, 257–8, 261, 265, 299,
314–15, 316, 319, 320, 323, 324,
327–9, 330–1, 350 -
42 Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, 106
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80 Medium Regt, RA, 65
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56 Reconnaissance Regt, 319
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6/13 Royal Frontier Force Rifles, 49
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101 Royal Tank Regt, 179
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Brooke, Gen Sir A. (Fd Mshl Lord Alanbrooke), 177
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Brown, 2 Lt J., 234
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Brown, Maj K. L., 124
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Brown, Capt P. G., 292
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Brownlie, Capt J. N., 164
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Budge, Lt I. G., 276
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Burton, Maj A. E., 190
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Campbell, Col T. C, 49
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Cannon, Maj-Gen J. K., 245
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Carey, Maj D., 273
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Casablanca, conference, 12, 18
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Casalanguida, 46, 48, 49
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Cassino: 5 Army thrust towards, 178;
fighting in hills, 181; Freyberg's plans
for clearing Cassino headland, 183; NZ
Div moves into battle area, 185; NZ
Corps takes over command of Rapido
line, 187; German defences, 189; final
attempt by Americans ordered, 192;
Freyberg's plans for capture, 193; attack by
Americans repelled, 193; Senger proposes– 381 –
withdrawal behind Anzio bridgehead, 193;
preparation for attack on, 194; attack
postponed, 195; relief of 2 US Corps
by NZ Corps, 197; history of monastery,
201–2; plans for attack on, 243, 245;
opinions on, 246; operation Dickens,
246–64; German defences strengthened,
262; final NZ Corps plan of attack, 263;
bombing of, 267–9; casualties, 268;
effect on German defences, 268–9;
artillery bombardment, 269–70, 275–6;
tank battle, 272–4; infantry fighting,
277, 280–93, 297, 299, 302, 347, 349;
German outlook, 278–9; break-down of
communications, 281–2, 293; armoured
assistance for infantry, 282–3, 285; air
support, 285–6; NZ casualties, 299;
clearing of by NZ Corps, 301, 302; loss
of smoke cover, 317; communications
(March attack), 317, 323–4, 348; final
decisions, 328–9; regrouping of Alexander's forces, 331; NZers' regrouping in,
334, 336; sufficiency of infantry in, 299,
305; operation Revenge, 309; second
battle of, 316, 343; discussion of the
battle, 341–53, Freyberg plans second
battle, 342; demerits of bombing plan,
344–6; casualties, 286, 299, 341, 345;
third battle of, 337, 338; lessons of,
338–41; street fighting in, 351; NZers'
mistakes in second battle, 352; tunnels,
357 -
— Castle Hill, 249, 255, 263, 269, 270,
272–7, 281, 286–8, 292–3, 297, 299,
301, 302–3, 306, 307, 309–10, 315, 322,
325, 330, 333, 336, 351 -
— Hangman's Hill, 264, 277, 286–8, 291,
299, 301, 302–3, 306, 310, 312, 314,
321, 330, 332, 349–50 -
— Railway station, 226, 229, 232–6, 236–7,
239, 240, 250–1, 262, 264–5, 271, 284,
289, 291, 293–6, 296, 297–8, 300–1,
304, 307, 309, 313, 314, 318–19, 331,
336, 340, 347 -
— Roads: Caruso road, 248, 267, 269,
272–3, 274, 276, 321, 333, 334, 347;
Cavendish road, 254–5, 265, 288, 309,
310; Parallel road, 248, 249, 250, 272,
334; Pasquale road, 248, 249, 250,
272–3, 276, 298, 315, 334 -
— Route 6, 180, 183, 185–7, 188–9, 191,
193–4, 197, 222, 227, 244, 247–8, 250,
257, 259–61, 262, 263, 270–1, 273, 275,
277, 279–80, 281–3, 284–6, 288, 293,
295, 297–8, 303–4, 307, 309, 313–16,
318, 322–6, 334, 336, 344, 347, 350 -
Castelfrentano, 62–3, 66, 67, 77–8, 79–80,
82, 83, 85, 87, 92–3, 97–8, 103, 109,
125, 134, 138, 149, 150, 151, 165–6,
179 -
Christy, Maj B. G., 237
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Churchill, Sir W.: Plans for war in
Mediterranean, 4, 177–8; Mediterranean as ‘Third front’, 9; renews
plea for North African venture, 10;
urges attack on Italian mainland, 13;
concern for security of Middle East,
25; plea to leave 2 NZ Div in Middle
East, 25–8, 30; approves NZ Parliament's decision, 31; inquiry about
attack on Cassino, 316; signal to
Alexander, 324, 327; interest in
Mediterranean campaign, 342 -
Clark, Gen Mark W.: Prepares plans for
landing in Gulf of Salerno, 14; orders
pause on Garigliano R., 44; 5 Army
ordered to thrust towards Cassino,
178; plans turning movement in Liri
valley, 181; orders attack on Gustav
line to continue, 181; orders NZ
Corps to relieve 36 US Div, 183;
views on bombing of abbey, 207–8;
breaching of German Winter Line,
217; Freyberg's plan to use heavy
bombers, 244; considers chances of
NZ success, 253; watches bombing of
Cassino, 267; urges use of more infantry
(March attack), 293; on timing of
assault on monastery, 299; visits
Corps HQ, 328; concurs with Freyberg's final decision, 330; Freyberg's
views on casualties, 352 -
Clarke, Maj E. S., 114
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Coe, Lt F. R., 250
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Cunningham, Admiral of the Fleet
Viscount, 37 -
Davin, Maj D. M., 326
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Deans, Maj H. H., 124
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Dunottar Castle, 37
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Edgar, Capt S. J., 122
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– 382 –
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Eisenhower, Gen Dwight D.: Recommends
attack on Italian mainland, 14; broadcasts Italian surrender, 17; planning of
operation Shingle, 177; directive to
all commanders at Cassino, 204, 208 -
Emery, Maj T. G., 99
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Esson, Capt W. K., 251
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Everist, Lt-Col A. M., 49
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Farnell, Capt E., 57
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Fitzgibbon, Lt R. G., 190
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Fontegrande Ridge, 136, 140, 143, 146–7,
148, 150, 152–8, 159, 161–2
Forbes, Sgt W. N., 295 -
Fountaine, Col D. J., 53
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Fraser, Maj A. J., 294
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French Expeditionary Corps, 181, 217, 247,
255, 265, 275, 310, 331 -
Freyberg, Lt-Gen Lord: Discusses future
of 2 NZ Div and furlough scheme,
29; on reputation of Division, 29–30;
approves Parliament's decision, 31;
command of Division, 32; returns to
NZ, 32; reports on deficiencies in
equipment, 35; publication of despatch, 36; forbids day patrols across
Sangro, 57; orders capture of hilly
ground, 58; orders for crossing of
Sangro, 63; cancels night assault on
Castelfrentano, 79; urges drive into
enemy's final line, 83; critical
importance of Orsogna, 94; concern
for Montgomery's safety, 98; at first
battle of Orsogna, 99, 103; initiates
planning for attack on Orsogna, 101;
sends fighting patrol to Casoli, 105;
decision to launch divisional attack,
105–6; attack on Orsogna, operation
Torso, 115; sanctions withdrawal of
24 Bn, 115; bombing of Orsogna,
115; favours thrust along Sfasciata
Ridge, 117; abandons attack on
Sfasciata, 118; orders active patrolling,
118; contemplates attack by 5 Bde,
118–19; operation Florence: considers Orsogna about to fall, 128;
hopeful of enemy withdrawal, 134;
concern at loss of tanks, 137; still
hopeful of fall of Orsogna, 139;
preference for circling move, 139;
interest in Duncan's Road, 139;
ponders alternative uses for 19 Regt,
145; designates policy of Division
as ‘offensive defence’, 149, 155;
reverses Kippenberger's orders at
Fontegrande Ridge, 145; refuses to
relinquish Fontegrande spur, 145,
154; examines reports after Orsogna,
172; inspects ceremonial parades,
Volturno area, 180; commands NZ
Corps, 182; plans for clearing of
Cassino headland, 183; orders 5 Bde
to reconnoitre Rapido R., 190; plans
for NZ Corps, 193; considers chances
of success, 193; warns 4 Ind Div to
be ready to attack, 197, 224; impatient
at delays, 199; refuses to see Kippenberger and Dimoline together, 200;
recommends bombing of monastery,
205; communication from Tuker on
bombing of monastery, 206–7; request
to 5 Army for bombing of monastery,
207; argument for bombing, 208;
difficulties, 209, 217–18; telephone
conversations with Dimoline, 209–10;
opinion on effect of bombing on Germans, 222; urges change of tactics, 223;
concern at delays, 225; under pressure
to renew attack on monastery, 229;
Dimoline opposes attack, 229; Freyberg agrees Indians should reorganise,
229; optimistic about crossing of
Rapido, 235–6; attack on station, 240;
fresh ideas for reducing fortress, 241,
242, 243; plan to demolish town by
heavy bombers, 244–6; lays plan
before Clark, 244; general approval
by Wilson and Alexander, 244; operation Dickens, 251, 252–4, 265, 278,
286, 289, 292, 293, 297; contemplates
alternative plans, 299; doubts on
armoured right hook, 300; shortage
of infantry in Cassino, 305; regrouping
of infantry, 314–15; March attack,
316; considers whether Corps should
persist in plan, 316; deplores partial
relief of 25 Bn, 317; instructions on
withdrawal of 19 Regt, 317; Alexander summons to conference, 319; sets
high store on drive by 21 Bn, 323–4;
determined to pursue his advantage,
324; approves fire on southern entrance
to Cassino, 326; employment of 78
Div, 328; confers with commander of
13 Corps, 328; final decision, 328–30;
advises operation should be suspended, 330; evacuation of troops on
Monastery Hill, 332; employment of
Dominion troops, 342; plans second
battle of Cassino, 342–3; responds to
pleas of Clark and Galloway and
releases infantry, 349; not prepared to
hazard more casualties, 351–2 -
Galloway, Maj-Gen A., 289, 299–300, 305,
311–12, 314, 330, 334, 349, 351– 383 –
-
Gari R., 180–1, 224, 229, 231, 233, 236,
244, 264, 296, 299, 315, 324, 329, 350 -
German Forces—
-
IV Alpine Battalion, 105
-
10 Army, 67, 71, 73, 80, 104, 157, 179
181, 203–4, 213, 226, 235, 290, 300,
337, 353 -
14 Army, 224
-
Army Group C, 179
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414 Artillery Regt, 260
-
65 Division, 47, 67, 70, 73–4, 75, 77,
80–2, 86, 101, 110, 116, 128, 140, 152 -
71 Division, 262
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Hermann Goering Division, 202
-
94 Infantry Division, 188
-
132 Infantry Regt, 214
-
755 Infantry Regt, 153
-
14 Panzer Corps, 188–9, 198, 204, 211,
213, 220, 235, 261, 262, 278, 300,
314, 320, 333–4, 336, 341, 353 -
26 Panzer Division, 67, 77, 80–2, 86,
87, 88–9, 92, 97, 101–2, 105, 110,
115, 123, 128, 133, 140, 151, 152,
155, 157, 162 -
90 Panzer Grenadier Division, 81–2,
100, 101, 110, 116, 152, 188, 198,
213, 220, 225, 226, 228, 236, 240,
260, 261–2, 278 -
9 Panzer Grenadier Regt, 67, 82, 88,
110, 112, 123, 126, 128, 130, 134
67 Panzer Grenadier Regt, 159 -
104 Panzer Grenadier Regt, 262
-
129 Panzer Grenadier Regt, 251
-
200 Panzer Grenadier Regt, 198
-
5 Panzer Reconnaissance Unit, 312
-
4 Panzer Regt, 321
-
1 Parachute Division, 58, 110, 152, 153,
225, 262, 289, 300, 333, 339, 348,
352 -
6 Parachute Regt, 128–9, 134, 145, 152
146 Regt, 70, 82, 87, 90, 110, 112–13,
126, 146, 151, 152, 155–6, 159 -
754 Regt, 160
-
756 Regt, 160
-
71 Werfer Regt, 278
-
-
Germany: Joins Tripartite Pact of 27 Sep
1940, 3; declares war on USA, 4-
Mentioned: 15
-
-
Grant, Lt-Col D. G., 126
-
Graziosi, Father O., 212
-
Griggs, Capt R. N., 295
-
Guardiagrele, 63, 66, 77, 80, 81, 83, 85,
87, 88, 95, 96, 98, 100, 119, 126, 136,
141, 151, 155, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164

