New Zealand Medical Services in Middle East and Italy

Contents

• • [covers]
  • Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45
  • [frontispiece]
  • [title page]
  • Foreword p. v
  • Preface p. vii
  • Contents p. ix
  • List of Illustrations p. xi
  • List of Maps and Diagrams p. xiv
• • CHAPTER 1 — The Inter-War Years, 1919–39
    • [section] p. 1
    • Compulsory Territorial Training p. 2
    • Changes in Administration p. 3
    • Compulsory Training Suspended
    • New Zealand Army Nursing Service p. 4
    • Change of DMS p. 5
    • Awakening to Defence Needs
    • Medical Equipment p. 7
    • Strength of Units, 1939 p. 8
    • National Medical Committee p. 9
    • Medical Standards and Classification p. 10
    • Hospital Provision p. 13
    • Administrative Policy for Sick and Wounded p. 15
    • Nursing Council p. 16
    • Outbreak of War—Changes in Army Medical Administration p. 17
    • Extension of Responsibility of National Medical Committee p. 18
    • Meeting of Nursing Council p. 19
    • Duties and Responsibilities of Medical Administrators
  • CHAPTER 2 — Medical Organisation and Training, 1939-40 p. 22
    • [section] p. 22
    • Hospital Treatment-Convalescent Depots and Camp Hospitals p. 24
    • Motor Ambulances p. 25
    • Health of Troops
    • Camp Medical Arrangements p. 27
    • Venereal Disease Policy p. 29
    • Chest X-ray Examinations p. 30
    • Diet p. 31
    • Appreciation of Hospital Requirements Overseas p. 32
    • RAISING AND TRAINING OF MEDICAL UNITS p. 33
      • 4 Field Ambulance and 4 Field Hygiene Section p. 33
      • Embarkation of First Echelon p. 34
      • Medical Units with Second Echelon p. 35
      • Medical Units with Third Echelon p. 36
      • 3 General Hospital (4th Reinforcements) p. 37
      • First Echelon—Voyage to Middle East
      • Second Echelon—Voyage to United Kingdom p. 39
      • Third Echelon—Voyage to Middle East p. 40
  • CHAPTER 3 — Medical Arrangements in Egypt and England, 1940
    • [section] p. 41
    • Maadi Camp p. 42
    • Water p. 43
    • Maadi Swimming Bath
    • Showers p. 44
    • Washing
    • Laundry
    • General Precautions p. 45
    • Food
    • Cooks p. 46
    • Mess Utensils p. 47
    • Drinks
    • Ice-cream p. 48
    • Flies
    • Mosquitoes and Bedbugs p. 49
    • Latrines
    • Urinals p. 50
    • Rubbish
    • Kitchen Refuse
    • Swill p. 51
    • Sumps
    • Native Labour
    • Barbers' Shops p. 52
    • Hospital Arrangements
    • Establishment of a New Zealand General Hospital in Egypt p. 54
    • 4 NZ General Hospital Opens at Helwan p. 56
    • 2 NZ General Hospital Arrives p. 59
    • Defence of Egypt p. 60
    • Field Ambulance Equipment and Training p. 62
    • Water Supplies p. 64
    • Food p. 65
    • Hygiene
    • British Offensive
    • Lessons from the Campaign p. 67
    • Developments at Base—Changes in Administration
    • 1 NZ Camp Hospital p. 69
    • NZ Base Hygiene Section
    • 1 NZ General Hospital, Helmieh p. 70
    • 2 NZ General Hospital, Helwan p. 71
    • 1 NZ Convalescent Depot p. 73
    • Medical Stores on Transports p. 74
    • New Zealand Medical Stores Depot
    • Division at Helwan Camp p. 76
    • Fourth Reinforcements p. 77
    • Climate p. 78
    • Health of the Troops p. 79
    • Dysentery p. 80
    • Venereal Diseases p. 81
    • Medical Inspections p. 83
    • Inoculations
    • Medical Arrangements in United Kingdom
    • Pinewood Hospital—1 NZ General Hospital p. 84
    • Warbrook Convalescent Home p. 87
    • Activities of 5 Field Ambulance
    • Recruitment of New Zealand Doctors in United Kingdom p. 90
    • Appendix A — Food Ration Scale, Middle East, 1940 (1941 variations in brackets) p. 92
    • Appendix B — Health Precautions Issued by HQ 2 NZEF in Egypt, 1940
      • messing
      • cookhouses
      • dysentery p. 94
      • flies
      • latrines p. 95
      • sandfly fever p. 96
      • conservancy
      • heat exhaustion and cramps
      • earthenware jars used for drinking water (zeers)
  • CHAPTER 4 — Greece
    • [section] p. 98
    • General Medical Administrative Arrangements p. 99
    • New Zealand Medical Administration p. 100
    • Topography p. 101
    • Climate p. 102
    • Endemic Diseases
    • General Military Plan of the Campaign p. 104
    • Move to the Line p. 105
    • Medical Units
    • The Medical Plan p. 107
    • German Invasion Begins p. 111
    • 5 Field Ambulance at Servia Pass p. 113
    • Evacuation of 1 General Hospital p. 117
    • Back to Thermopylae p. 119
    • The Withdrawal of the New Zealand Division
    • 4 Field Ambulance p. 120
    • 5 Field Ambulance
    • Action at Platamon Tunnel and Pinios Gorge p. 122
    • The Thermopylae Line p. 125
    • Evacuation of Greece p. 127
    • MEDICAL REVIEW OF CAMPAIGN p. 134
      • [section] p. 134
      • Work of the RAPs
      • Work of the Field Ambulances
      • Treatment of the Wounded p. 135
      • Evacuation by Road p. 136
      • Train Evacuation p. 137
      • Evacuation During the Retreat p. 138
      • Food p. 139
      • Health of Troops
      • Supplies
      • Equipment
      • Personnel p. 140
      • The Evacuation from Greece p. 141
      • Evacuation from Greece of Sick and Wounded p. 142
      • Visit of DDMS 2 NZEF to Greece
    • LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE GREEK CAMPAIGN
      • [section]
      • 1.Need for Advanced Medical Planning p. 143
      • 2. Undesirability of 600-Bed General Hospitals as L of C Units
      • 3. Mobility of Forward Medical Units p. 145
      • 4. Rapid Establishment of Field Ambulances
      • 5. Grouping of Medical Convoys
      • 6. Wireless Communication between Medical Units p. 146
      • 7. Unreliability of Civil Employees in Foreign Countries
      • 8. The Geneva Convention
      • 9. The Stabilisation of Medical Units p. 147
      • 10. Base Organisation of 2 NZEF
      • Evacuation from Greece—Action taken in Egypt p. 148
  • CHAPTER 5 — Crete
    • [section] p. 151
    • British General Hospital p. 152
    • Initial New Zealand Arrangements
    • NZANS at 7 General Hospital p. 153
    • Departure of NZANS p. 154
    • Belated Arrivals
    • Health of Troops p. 155
    • General Military Situation p. 156
    • The Medical Plan p. 158
    • Medical Command p. 159
    • Difficulties of Medical Organisation
    • Medical Stores and Equipment p. 160
    • Transport
    • Communications p. 161
    • Air Attack
    • 5 Field Ambulance re-located at Modhion
    • 4 Field Hygiene Section Attached to 5 Field Ambulance p. 164
    • ASC Drivers Join 10 Infantry Brigade p. 165
    • Hospital Ship Aba
    • 7 General Hospital Bombed p. 166
    • Invasion Begins
    • 6 Field Ambulance Captured p. 167
    • 6 Field Ambulance Released and Re-established p. 169
    • 7 General Hospital Released and Re-established p. 170
    • The RMOs of 5 Brigade—Treatment and Evacuation of Wounded
    • 5 Field Ambulance after Invasion p. 174
    • Casualties from 4 and 10 Brigades p. 175
    • Developments in the Battle p. 176
    • 5 Field Ambulance Withdraws towards Canea p. 177
    • Bombing of 6 MDS p. 181
    • Battle for Galatas p. 182
    • The Line Breaks p. 183
    • Medical Units during the Withdrawal
    • Medical Staffs Remain with Wounded p. 184
    • Move to Kalivia p. 187
    • General Withdrawal towards Sfakia
    • Dressing Station at Imvros p. 190
    • First Evacuation from Beach p. 192
    • Main Embarkation, 29–30 May p. 194
    • Final Embarkation
    • Courage of the Wounded
    • Medical Staffs Volunteer to Remain p. 196
    • Reception in Egypt of Battle Casualties
    • Food and Water in Crete p. 198
    • Disembarkation of Troops in Egypt
    • Casualties Suffered and Work Done
    • REVIEW OF CRETE CAMPAIGN p. 199
      • Geneva Convention p. 199
      • Medical Transport p. 200
      • The Work of the RMOs p. 201
      • Siting of Medical Units p. 202
      • Health of Troops
      • Treatment of the Wounded p. 203
      • The Leaving Behind of Medical Personnel p. 206
      • Evacuation p. 208
      • LESSONS FROM CRETE p. 209
  • CHAPTER 6 — Reorganisation in Egypt and Base Administration
    • [section] p. 213
    • 1 General Hospital
    • Field Medical Units p. 214
    • General Health
    • Influenza Epidemic – 5th Reinforcements p. 215
    • 3 NZ General Hospital, Helmieh p. 216
    • Visit of Prime Minister
    • Reinforcements p. 217
    • Posting of Medical Officers p. 218
    • Re-equipment
    • Ceremonial Parade of Divisional Medical Units p. 220
    • Hygiene and Sanitation in Divisional Camps p. 221
    • Health of Troops
    • Dress p. 222
    • Food
    • Inoculation States
    • Training
    • Hospital Ship Maunganui p. 223
    • Netherlands Hospital Ship Oranje p. 225
    • Divisional Units in Canal Zone
    • MEDICAL WORK AT BASE HOSPITALS p. 227
      • 2 NZ General Hospital p. 227
      • 3 NZ General Hospital p. 228
      • 1 NZ Convalescent Depot p. 229
      • Maadi Camp Hospital
      • Infectious Disease in Reinforcements p. 230
    • SURGICAL WORK AT BASE HOSPITALS p. 231
      • 2 NZ General Hospital p. 231
      • Auxiliary Departments of Hospitals p. 233
      • Patients in British Hospitals p. 235
      • Activities of the Consultants
      • Joint Council of Order of St. John and Red Cross Society
      • Dental Services p. 236
      • Re-formation of 1 General Hospital
      • Shortage of Specialists p. 237
      • 1 NZ General Hospital Takes Over Helwan Hospital p. 238
      • Review of Work at Helwan p. 239
      • Provision of Mobile Surgical Unit p. 240
      • Formation of CCS p. 242
      • Anzac War Relief Ambulances p. 243
      • Abolition of Rank of Staff Nurse
      • Promotion of NCOs
      • Problem of Down-Graded Men p. 244
      • Graded Men
      • Medical Boarding p. 246
      • Enemy Air Raids on Canal Zone p. 247
  • CHAPTER 7 — Libya, 1941
    • [section] p. 250
    • Medical Arrangements at Baggush
    • 2 NZ General Hospital at Garawla p. 251
    • Detachment 3 NZ General Hospital, Alexandria
    • The Plan of Battle
    • New Zealand Division's Part p. 254
    • General Medical Plan p. 256
    • New Zealand Medical Units in the Campaign p. 258
    • Sinking of SS Chakdina p. 263
    • The ADS with 4 Brigade p. 264
    • The ADS with 5 Brigade p. 266
    • The ADS with 6 Brigade p. 269
    • Detachment of 4 Field Ambulance p. 272
    • Captured Medical Centre at ‘Whistling Wadi’ p. 275
    • Mobile Surgical Unit p. 281
    • Bardia Prisoners p. 282
    • REVIEW OF CAMPAIGN
      • [section]
      • NZMC Casualties
      • Wounded Treated p. 283
      • Losses of Medical Equipment
      • Transport Losses
      • General Health of Troops p. 284
      • Hygiene and Sanitation
      • Medical Plan Reviewed
    • REVIEW OF MEDICAL WORK OF THE DIVISION p. 285
      • [section] p. 285
      • Surgery in Mobile Surgical Unit, 23 November–5 December 1941 p. 289
      • Staffing of Ambulance Trains and Naval Carriers p. 292
      • Base Hospitals p. 293
      • Work of NZ units at Alexandria and Garawla p. 295
    • LESSONS FROM THE CAMPAIGN p. 296
      • Medical Supplies p. 296
      • Transport
      • Evacuation of Wounded
      • Location of ADMS
      • Communications p. 297
      • Utilisation of Field Ambulances in Desert Warfare
  • CHAPTER 8 — Egypt and Syria, January - June 1942
    • [section] p. 298
    • New Zealand Women's War Service Auxiliary (Hospital Division) p. 299
    • Invalids Returned to New Zealand p. 300
    • Control of New Zealand Dental Corps
    • Convalescent Homes p. 302
    • Marriages of NZANS Sisters p. 303
    • Medical Records Section p. 304
    • Red Cross Administration p. 306
    • Venereal Disease Treatment Centres p. 307
    • Formation of New Zealand Section, Motor Ambulance Convoy
    • Plastic Surgery p. 308
    • First Repatriation of NZMC Prisoners of War p. 309
    • Classification of Invalids on Hospital Ship p. 310
    • Base Medical Activities p. 311
    • Re-equipment of Divisional Units p. 312
    • Moves to Maadi and Suez Canal Zone
    • Combined Operations p. 313
    • 5 Field Ambulance Returns to Western Desert p. 314
    • Formation of Casualty Clearing Station
    • Move to Syria
    • Medical Arrangements
    • Training p. 318
    • Convalescent Depot p. 320
    • The Hospitals
    • Greek Brigade p. 321
    • Hygiene and Sanitation
    • Divisional Laundry p. 322
    • Water
    • Food
    • Typhus-Disinfestation p. 323
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Medical Work in the Division in Syria p. 325
    • Clinical Meetings p. 326
    • Change of DMS 2 NZEF1
    • Enemy Attacks in Western Desert p. 327
    • The Division Returns to the Desert
    • Arrangements for Medical Units p. 328
  • CHAPTER 9 — Battle for Egypt
    • [section] p. 330
    • Medical Arrangements
    • Battle Situation p. 331
    • Minqar Qaim
    • Evacuation of Wounded
    • Preparations for Breakthrough p. 334
    • The Breakthrough p. 335
    • Medical Units in the Breakthrough p. 336
    • The Alamein Line p. 339
    • Enemy Attacks
    • Withdrawal from Kaponga Box p. 342
    • Medical Units
    • Attack on Ruweisat Ridge p. 344
    • The Attack on El Mreir Depression p. 345
    • Medical Units in Battle p. 346
    • General Situation p. 347
    • Review of Medical Aspects of July Campaigns p. 348
    • Air Evacuation p. 349
    • Review of Operations
    • American Field Service p. 350
    • 1 NZ Casualty Clearing Station
    • Axis Threat to Egypt
    • Work at Base Hospitals p. 351
    • Summer at Alamein p. 352
    • Changes in Command p. 353
    • The Medical Units
    • The Enemy Attacks
    • Operations of Medical Units p. 356
    • REVIEW OF MEDICAL ARRANGEMENTS p. 358
      • [section] p. 358
      • Evacuation of Wounded
      • Red Cross Protection p. 359
      • The Work of the Regimental Medical Officers
      • Surgery During the Campaign p. 360
      • Resuscitation p. 361
      • Sterilised Dressings p. 362
      • Wound Treatment
      • Splinting
      • Treatment of Special Cases
      • Infection p. 363
      • Anaesthesia
      • General
      • Standard of Surgery
      • Hygiene and Sanitation p. 364
      • Campaign Against Flies p. 365
      • Rations p. 367
      • Health of Troops
      • Infective Hepatitis p. 368
      • Physical Exhaustion
      • Base Medical Units p. 369
      • 23 NZ Field Ambulance p. 370
      • 2 NZ Field Transfusion Unit
      • Return of Brigadier MacCormick
    • LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE CAMPAIGN p. 371
      • [section] p. 371
      • Importance of Hygiene p. 373
      • Recuperation p. 374
      • Messages of Appreciation
  • CHAPTER 10 — Alamein to Tripoli
    • [section] p. 376
    • Plan for the Offensive p. 377
    • Terrain of the Battle Area
    • Medical Plan for the Battle p. 378
    • Divisional Medical Arrangements for the Battle
    • Siting of New Zealand Medical Units p. 381
    • Battle of Alamein Begins p. 382
    • The Work of the Regimental Medical Officers
    • Functioning of Medical Units p. 385
    • General Situation p. 391
    • Medical Arrangements
    • Battle of the ‘Break-Out’ p. 392
    • Medical Units in the Battle p. 393
    • REVIEW OF CAMPAIGN FROM MEDICAL POINT OF VIEW
      • [section]
      • The Work of the Advanced Dressing Stations p. 394
      • The Work of the Main Dressing Stations
      • Work at 1 NZ CCS p. 395
      • Dispersal and Red Cross Protection p. 397
      • Work of the Ambulance Cars
      • Surgery at Alamein
      • Surgical Treatment During the Battle of Alamein p. 398
      • Base Hospitals p. 400
      • Medical Lessons from Alamein Battle p. 401
      • Medical Plan of 10 Corps for Advance
      • Signal Communication p. 402
      • Medical Arrangements of 2 NZ Division for the Advance
      • The Advance Begins p. 403
      • General Situation – The Pursuit to the Frontier
      • The Medical Units p. 404
      • General Situation, December 1942 p. 406
      • Medical Preparations for ‘Left Hook‘
      • ‘Left Hook’ at Agheila p. 408
      • Part of Medical Units p. 409
      • The Advance to Tripoli p. 410
      • Medical Arrangements for Advance to Tripoli
      • Working of Medical Units p. 413
      • At Tripoli p. 415
      • Medical Lessons from the Advance to Tripoli
      • Hygiene and Sanitation in Tripoli p. 416
      • ADMS 2 NZ Division Promoted to DDMS 30 Corps p. 417
  • CHAPTER 11 — Tunisia
    • [section] p. 419
    • The Mareth Line p. 421
    • Siting of Medical Units
    • The Battle of Medenine p. 423
    • Functioning of Medical Arrangements p. 424
    • Casualties
    • Turning the Mareth Line p. 425
    • Medical Arrangements for ‘Left Hook’ at Mareth p. 427
    • The Main Assault p. 430
    • Functioning of Medical Units p. 431
    • Review of Medical Operations p. 433
    • The Pursuit into Tunisia p. 434
    • Medical Units in Pursuit p. 435
    • The Situation in Tunisia p. 436
    • Medical Arrangements p. 437
    • The Attack on Takrouna
    • Treatment of Casualties p. 438
    • The End in Tunisia p. 440
    • Division Returns to Maadi Camp p. 442
    • Functioning of 1 NZ Mobile CCS during Campaign
    • Operation at the MDS p. 444
    • Grouping of CCSs
    • Field Surgical Units
    • First Army Arrangements p. 445
    • Consultant Surgeon
    • The Evacuation from the Operating Centres p. 446
    • REVIEW OF THE MEDICAL ARRANGEMENTS
      • [section]
      • The General Hospitals p. 447
      • General Health of Troops during the Campaign p. 450
      • Diseases in Tunisia
      • Showers and Disinfestation p. 451
      • Sanitation
      • Water p. 452
      • Rations
      • Supplies
      • Equipment
      • Clothing
    • REVIEW OF FORWARD SURGERY AT THE END OF THE NORTH AFRICAN CAMPAIGNS p. 453
      • [section] p. 453
      • The Work of a Forward Operating Centre
      • Splinting of Fractures: p. 455
      • Operative Technique
      • Treatment of Different Injuries p. 456
      • Post-Operative Care p. 458
      • Evacuation of Cases from the Forward Operating Centres
      • The Type of Wounds p. 459
      • Infection in Wounds
      • Sulphonamides p. 460
      • Amputation
      • Summary
  • CHAPTER 12 — Administration and Base Units, October 1942 - December 1943
    • [chapter] p. 462
    • Furlough Drafts
    • Death of Colonel F. M. Spencer p. 463
    • Change of DMS 2 NZEF
    • CCS Surgical Team in Sicily p. 464
    • 3 General Hospital Receives Casualties from Sicily p. 465
    • Moves of 1 NZ Convalescent Depot p. 466
    • CCS Returns to Egypt p. 467
    • Conferences
    • Education of Medical Officers
    • Standing Medical Board p. 468
    • Revision of Medical Boarding
    • Medical Reinforcements from New Zealand p. 469
    • Ninth and Tenth Reinforcements
    • Rank of Eighth Reinforcements p. 470
    • Staffing of New Zealand Medical Corps p. 471
    • Appointment of Senior Clerks as Registrars of Hospitals p. 473
    • Dispensers Appointed to Commissions p. 474
    • Increase in Number of Charge Sisters in General Hospitals
    • Voluntary Aids—NZWAAC (Medical Division)
    • Strength of Units—Other Ranks p. 475
    • Health of Troops p. 479
    • Unfit and War-worn Men p. 482
    • Out-patients p. 485
    • Ophthalmic Work p. 486
    • Health of NZANS and NZWAAC
    • Repatriation of Prisoners of War p. 487
    • Preparations for Move to Italy p. 488
    • Liaison Officer HS Oranje
  • CHAPTER 13 — The Move to Italy—Sangro and Orsogna Battles
    • [section] p. 491
    • Proposed New Establishments for Field Medical Units p. 492
    • 102 VD Treatment Centre becomes Mobile Unit p. 493
    • 1 CCS Becomes Fully Mobile
    • Move to Burg el Arab p. 494
    • Arrangements in Italy
    • Preparation for Move to Italy p. 495
    • Division Moves to Italy
    • Medical Arrangements p. 496
    • 3 General Hospital at Bari p. 497
    • Start of Italian Winter p. 499
    • Move to the Front and Establishment of Chain of Evacuation
    • General Situation
    • Into the Attack p. 502
    • Struggles for Orsogna p. 503
    • The Medical Side
    • Medical Arrangements for Sangro Crossing p. 506
    • Work at the Battle MDS p. 512
    • Work of 4 MDS at Atessa p. 513
    • Wound Lesions
    • Deaths
    • Operations
    • Work of a Forward Surgical Team
    • Transfusion Team p. 514
    • Civilian Casualties
    • Evacuation from MDS and CCS p. 515
    • The Work of the CCS
    • Surgical Policy p. 516
    • Surgery p. 518
    • Penicillin
    • Results of Penicillin Treatment p. 519
    • Penicillin in Gas Gangrene
    • At 3 General Hospital p. 520
    • Health of the Troops p. 521
    • Malaria p. 522
    • Venereal Disease
    • Typhus p. 523
    • Immersion or Trench Foot
    • Clothing p. 524
    • Red Cross Stores
    • Water
    • Rations
    • Sanitation p. 525
    • LESSONS FROM INITIAL OPERATIONS IN ITALY
  • CHAPTER 14 — Cassino
    • [section] p. 528
    • Division Joins Fifth Army
    • Battle Situation at Cassino p. 529
    • Siting of 2 NZ General Hospital p. 530
    • NZ Corps Medical Arrangements p. 532
    • Siting of Divisional Units
    • Assault on Cassino p. 533
    • Treatment of Casualties p. 534
    • An Incident between Attacks
    • The Second Attack p. 536
    • Casualties p. 538
    • Stretcher-Bearers of Combatant Units
    • ASC Drivers p. 539
    • RAP in Cassino
    • Functioning of Medical Units p. 541
    • Surgical Policy p. 544
    • Surgery at the CCS p. 545
    • Work of 1 General Hospital Surgical Team p. 547
    • Work at 2 General Hospital p. 548
    • Work at 3 General Hospital p. 549
    • Results of Treatment: p. 550
    • Dental Work in the Division
    • Battle Situation and Regrouping p. 551
    • Evacuation Problems p. 552
    • Breakthrough towards Rome p. 553
    • 2 NZ Division Breaks off Pursuit p. 554
    • Moves of Medical Units p. 555
    • Reception of Escaped Allied Prisoners of War
    • 2 NZEF Casualties p. 556
    • Climatic Conditions
    • Health of the Troops
    • Rations p. 557
    • Clothing
    • Hygiene
    • Venereal Disease
    • Atypical Pneumonia p. 560
    • Exhaustion Cases
    • Infective Hepatitis p. 561
    • Malaria
    • Medical Cases at 2 NZ General Hospital p. 564
    • Medical Cases at 3 General Hospital p. 565
    • Work at the Convalescent Depot
    • Furlough Scheme p. 566
    • New Zealand Forces Clubs
  • CHAPTER 15 — Administration in Italy, November 1943–December 1944 p. 567
    • [section] p. 567
    • Hospital Ship Policy p. 569
    • Medical Layout p. 570
    • Tour by Director-General of Medical Services p. 571
    • Closing of 1 NZ Rest Home p. 574
    • Visit of Prime Minister of New Zealand
    • More Prisoners of War Repatriated
    • Arrival of Second Section, 11th Reinforcements
    • 14 Optician Unit p. 575
    • New Medical Units Formed
    • Plans for Move Forward of Base Units p. 576
    • Shortage of Medical Officers
    • Promotion of Specialists in the NZMC p. 577
    • Recruitment of New Zealand Doctors in the United Kingdom p. 578
    • Non-professional Officers
    • Average Strength of 2 NZEF p. 579
    • Furlough for Medical Officers
    • NZANS
    • NZWAAC (Medical Division) p. 580
    • Red Cross Organisation
    • Hospital Staff for Repatriation Units in United Kingdom
  • CHAPTER 16 — Florence
    • [section] p. 582
    • Medical Arrangements for the Attack on Arezzo
    • Thrust Towards Florence p. 583
    • Medical Layout
    • CCS at Siena
    • The Paula Line p. 585
    • The Decisive Battle for Florence p. 587
    • Work of Medical Units p. 588
    • 6 MDS
    • 4 MDS p. 590
    • Moves Following Regrouping
    • Relief of Division p. 591
    • REVIEW OF CAMPAIGN
      • Evacuation in the Forward Areas
      • ADSs p. 592
      • MDS
      • Shortage of Medical Officers p. 595
      • Work at the CCS
      • Admissions to Other Than New Zealand Hospitals p. 598
      • Special Surgical Work at this Period
      • Scarcity of Experienced Surgeons p. 599
      • Work of the Convalescent Depot p. 600
      • Work of the Optician Unit
      • Reorganisation of Hygiene Company
      • Malaria Control p. 601
      • Health of the Troops p. 602
      • Physical Exhaustion p. 603
      • Evacuations to New Zealand by Hospital Ship p. 604
  • CHAPTER 17 — Rimini and Faenza
    • [section] p. 605
    • Battle Situation p. 607
    • General Freyberg in Hospital p. 608
    • Moves to Senigallia of HQ 2 NZEF and Medical Units
    • 2 General Hospital p. 609
    • Attack on Rimini
    • MEDICAL ARRANGEMENTS p. 611
      • MDS at Riccione p. 611
      • MDS at Viserba p. 612
      • Forward Evacuation
      • Surgical Policy
      • General Situation p. 615
      • MDS at Igiea Marina p. 616
      • Crossing the Rivers p. 617
      • Withdrawal of 2 NZ Division to Fabriano p. 618
      • Reorganisation of the Field Ambulances p. 619
      • The Move to the Front Line p. 620
      • Change of ADMS 2 NZ Division
      • Medical Units in Forli
      • Medical Operations
      • MDS Opens in Faenza p. 623
      • Attack Towards the Senio River p. 624
    • GENERAL MEDICAL ARRANGEMENTS DURING THE PERIOD p. 625
      • [section] p. 625
      • Work at the ADS p. 627
      • The Work at the MDS
      • Work at the CCS
      • The Work of the Field Surgical Unit p. 628
      • Work of the Field Transfusion Unit p. 629
      • Shortage of Medical Officers
      • Surgery at 1 General Hospital
      • Surgery at 3 General Hospital p. 630
      • Surgery at 2 General Hospital
      • Neurosurgical Cases
      • Review of Surgery p. 631
      • Climate p. 632
      • Health and Hygiene
      • Sickness p. 634
      • Prevalent Diseases
      • Admissions to other than New Zealand Hospitals p. 640
      • Deaths in New Zealand Medical Units, September–December 1944
  • CHAPTER 18 — Senio to Trieste
    • [section] p. 644
    • Activities of Medical Units
    • MDS p. 645
    • CCS p. 646
    • Work at the Base Hospitals
    • Work at the Convalescent Depot p. 647
    • Returned Prisoners of War
    • 2 NZ Division Withdrawn from Senio Front p. 648
    • General Situation, April 1945 p. 649
    • Medical Arrangements for Attack p. 650
    • Attack on the Senio p. 651
    • From the Senio to the Santerno p. 652
    • Across the Sillaro p. 653
    • Across the Idice
    • Across the Po p. 654
    • Across the Adige
    • To Venice p. 655
    • To Trieste p. 656
    • The Surrender p. 657
    • MEDICAL REVIEW
    • Medical Work During the Advance
    • The RAPs
    • The ADSs p. 658
    • MDSs
    • FSU p. 659
    • FTU
    • The Work of the CCS
    • Evacuation in Forward Areas p. 660
    • Evacuation from the CCS
    • Work of the Base Hospitals p. 661
    • Surgery in the Final Battles p. 662
    • Tenseness in Trieste p. 663
    • Post-Armistice Medical Arrangements p. 664
    • Health of Troops p. 666
    • Accidental Injuries
    • Malaria p. 667
    • Venereal Disease p. 668
    • Dysentery p. 669
    • Hygiene p. 670
  • CHAPTER 19 — Final Period in Italy
    • [section] p. 671
    • Staff for Repatriation Unit, United Kingdom
    • Medical Services with Prisoner-of-war Repatriation Group p. 672
    • Italy—Uncertainty before VJ Day p. 678
    • Medical Administration 2 NZ Division
    • Disbandment of Units p. 679
    • Concentration in Florence p. 680
    • HYGIENE DURING THE FINAL PERIOD IN ITALY
      • Trieste Area
      • Lake Trasimene p. 681
      • Florence
      • Diseases p. 682
      • Graded Men in 2 NZEF p. 685
      • Optician Unit
      • Evacuation of Invalids from Italy and Egypt p. 686
      • United Kingdom Leave Scheme
      • Reorganisation
      • Wind-up in Southern Italy p. 688
      • Closing Days in Egypt p. 689
  • Appendix I p. 692
  • Glossary p. 696
  • Index of Names p. 699
  • Index p. 703
• [backmatter] p. 722

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