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Government in New Zealand

Index

page 175

Index

  • Accounts, public, in Great Britain, 1056; in New Zealand, 1167, 1512; commercial, 117
  • Acts
    • Abolition of Provinces Act, 1876, 16, 37
    • Agriculture (Emergency Powers) Act, 1934, 100
    • Appropriation Act, 109, 110
    • British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act, 1923, 35
    • Civil List Act, 1920, 59
    • Civil List Amendment Act, 1936, 59
    • Civil Service Act, 1866, 789, 81
    • Colonial Laws Validity Act (Great Britain), 1865, 346
    • Constitution Act, 1852, 6, 7, 33, 346, 39, 150
    • Counties Act, 1876, 9, 1278, 131
    • Counties Act, 1920, 131
    • Counties Act (Great Britain), 1888, 122
    • Electoral Act, 28
    • Finance Act, 1932, 118
    • Foreign Jurisdiction Act (Great Britain), 1890, 36
    • Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1894, 143
    • Legislature Act, 1908, 33
    • Loans to Local Bodies Act, 1886, 130
    • Municipal Corporations Act, 1867, 126
    • Municipal Corporations Act, 1876, 9, 133
    • Municipal Corporations Act (Great Britain), 1835, 3, 9, 122, 126
    • New Zealand Loans Act, 1932, 118
    • Political Disabilities Removal Act, 25
    • Poor Law Act (Great Britain), 1834, 134
    • Power Boards Act, 1918, 132
    • Primary Products Marketing Act, 1936, 147
    • Public Service Act, 1912, 83, 84, 98
    • Reform Act (Great Britain), 1832, 3
    • Regulations Act, 1936, 67
    • Statute of Westminster (Great Britain), 35
  • Ad hoc authorities, 1302, 134
  • Appropriations, annual, 1056; permanent, 106; specific, 105, 1189; essentials of, 118
  • Arbitration Court, 1434
  • Audit, of public expenditure, 113; office, 118
  • Ballance, John, elected Liberal leader, 17; dealings with Legislative Council, 39
  • Borough Councils, under 1876 Act, 1334
  • British National Expenditure Committee, quoted, 1134 page 176
  • Broadcasting, of parliamentary debates, 51; use by ministers, 56; control of, 69, 95
  • Bryce, Lord, quoted, 73, 152; estimate of New Zealand democracy, 137
  • Budget, 109
  • Burke, Edmund, 52
  • Cabinet, in period of Continuous Ministry, 15; and Executive Council, 60; collective responsibility of, 60; personnel of, 616; as source of legislation, 67; centralisation of power in, 70; as co-ordinating authority, 989; and estimates, 108
  • Candidates, selection by Labour party, 245; by National party, 27; expenses of, 28
  • Canterbury, local government in, 1235
  • Catholic Church, 129
  • Caucus, and selection of ministers, 60
  • Centralisation, difficulties in way of, 5; opposition to, 8, 123; and local government, 1323
  • Chamber of Deputies (France), average of ages in, 48
  • Chambers of commerce, demand for economy by, 114
  • Chartism, 3
  • Church settlements, in Canterbury and Otago, 5
  • Civil service, see Public service
  • Coalition, during Great War, 20; of 1931–5, 217
  • Coates, Joseph Gordon, Reform party leader, 20
  • Colonial Office, conservatism of, 4; and self government, 5
  • Committee of Supply, and estimates, 108; debates in, 114
  • Conservatism, of British peoples, 1; of Colonial Office, 2; as political creed, 1821; of small-holders, 19
  • Consolidated Fund, in Great Britain, 107; in New Zealand, 1102, 118
  • Constituencies, relationship of members of Parliament with, 534; number of inhabitants in, 53
  • Continuous Ministry, defined by Reeves, 156; economic conditions under, 23; period of power of, 43
  • Controller and Auditor General, creation of office of, 1078; functions in New Zealand, 112, 1167; report quoted, 1189
  • Country quota, 32
  • County Councils, establishment of, 1267; and road boards, 127; multiplication of, 12930; borrowing by, 130; superannuation schemes, 133; franchise, 1334
  • Crown, cession of New Zealand to, 4; in public administration, 946; retention of prerogatives of, 150
  • Dairy Produce Board, powers of, 100
  • Declaration of Independence, 1445
  • Democracy, gains and losses from, 13761; nature of, 138; a system of checks and balances, 149
  • Department of Agriculture, 99100
  • Department of Internal Affairs, and local government, 135
  • Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, and dairy industry, 100
  • Departments, organisation and co-ordination of, 92103; number of, 1013
  • Dicey, A. V., quoted, 94
  • Dominion status, 34
  • Durham Report, 2
  • Early Settlers, not political improvisers, 2
  • Education, and the State, 1412; Church and, 141
  • Elections, finance of, 289; issues in, 2931; triennial, 31
  • Elliot, Major Walter, quoted, 114
  • Esmein, A., quoted, 139
  • Estimates, preparation of, 108; consideration of by Parliament, 109
  • Evatt, H. V., quoted, 38 page 177
  • Executive, elective, 22; legislative powers of, 52; powers and functions of, 5871; in Great Britain, 59; increasing power of, 52,66; control of expenditure by, 114, 118; problem of, 1525
  • Executive Commission of Agriculture, history of, 99100
  • Executive Council, first provision for, 4; and Governor-General, 58; membership of, 589
  • Expenditure, public, control of, 52, 10421
  • Farmers, and the State, 1478
  • Federalism, in constitution of 1852, 6; duration of, 7; defects of, 8
  • Finer, Herman, quoted, 104
  • Franchise, in constitution of 1852, 7; county, 32, 43, 1334; between 1854 and 1876, 41; between 1891 and 1911, 44
  • General Assembly, under constitution of 1852, 6; term explained, 15 n.; absence of party division in under Continuous Ministry, 16
  • Germany, conception of State in, 139
  • Glasgow, Lord, and Legislative Council crisis, 39, 58
  • Gneist, Rudolph von, 124
  • Governor, first provision for, 4; power of reservation of, 345; reserve powers of, 58
  • Grey, Sir George, and constitution of 1852, 6; leader of provincialists, 15; Liberalism of, 17
  • Guaranteed prices, in dairy industry, 1478
  • Higgs, Sir Henry, quoted, 115
  • Holmes, Mycroft, as civil servant, 923
  • Holmes, Sherlock, quoted, 93
  • Hospital Boards, 1312
  • House of Commons (Great Britain), 1, 2, 33; average of ages in, 48
  • House of Lords, 1
  • House of Representatives, conventions of, 1; local feeling in, 15; under Continuous Ministry, 16; number of seats in, 32; payment of members of, 45, 49; debates in, 50; and estimates, 108
  • Import Control, administrative problems of, 101
  • Imprest Supply Bill, 110
  • Industry, and the State, 147
  • Ireland, conception of State in, 139
  • Italy, conception of State in, 139
  • Keith, A. Berriedale, quoted, 37, 38
  • Labour Party, emergence of, 1921; principles of, 212; and trade unions, 2336; organisation of, 246; discipline in, 25; finances of, 256; and socialism, 30; strength of, 46; in 1935 election, 154
  • Legislation, by order in council, 67
  • Legislative Council, first provision for, 4; history of, 3840; payment of members of, 49
  • Liberalism, old and new, 17; Gladstonian, 21
  • Liberal party, and land question, 18; becomes United party, 20; attains power, 44
  • Liberty, modern conception of, 146
  • Local government, in England and New Zealand, 2; belief in value of, 8; in provincial period, 8; in England in 1876, 9; history of, 12335; civil service, 133; central control over, 1345; finances of, 135; need for reform of, 1356
  • Macaulay, Lord, and civil service reform, 74
  • Mackenzie Government, 19, 82, 83
  • Main Highways Board, 132
  • Maoris, and constitution, 5; number of, 10
  • Marketing, control of, 69
  • Massey, William Ferguson, early political career of, 189; succeeded by J. G. Coates, 20; and selection of ministers, 60 page 178
  • Meat Board, and dairy industry, 100
  • Ministers, appointment of (1854), 7; in Legislative Council, 40; payment of, 59; and caucus, 60; work of, 66; Committee on Powers of, 67; exercise of judicial powers by, 67; relationship with electorate, 67; tours by, 67; delegation of power by, 689; as heads of departments, 96; financial powers of, 115; usually over sixty, 155
  • Minister of Finance, special importance of, 6970; and estimates, 108; presentation of Budget by, 109; and Public Account, 118
  • Ministries, average life of, 18
  • Ministry of Health (Great Britain), 136
  • Muir, Ramsay, on party funds, 26
  • National Party, emergence of, 21; objectives of, 27; organisation of, 278
  • Native affairs, right of British Government to deal with, 7
  • New South Wales, New Zealand a dependency of, 4
  • New Zealand Company, settlements of, 5
  • Northcote, Sir Stafford, and civil service reform, 74
  • Oliver, F. S., quoted, 4950
  • Onslow, Lord, and Legislative Council crisis, 39
  • Orders in council, legislation by, 67
  • Parliament, life of, 31, 38; powers and functions of, 3357; personnel of, 418; sovereignty of, 34; extraterritorial power of, 356; constituent power of, 367; freedom of speech in, 56; legislation by, 1501; debates in, 1545
  • Parliamentary system, effect of time on, 1; in New Zealand, 7
  • Party government, denounced by parliamentary committee, 223; system of, 54
  • Political parties, functions of, 14; history of, 1421; and class conflict, 21, 301; attitude of public to, 22; and trade cycle, 23; funds of, 256; election expenditure of, 29; differences between, 1534
  • Poor law guardians, 122
  • Population, composition of, 103; age grouping of, 11; employment of, 12; wealth of, 123; in 1936, 31; and electoral divisions, 312; in 1854 and 1876, 41
  • Post Office, staff classification in, 81; and Public Service Commissioner, 97
  • Prime Minister, constitutional position of, 60
  • Provinces, under Constitution Act, 6; abolition of, 9; local government under, 1236; as administrative areas, 129
  • Public Administration, Institute of, 89; chair of, 90
  • Public finance, British system of, 1048; New Zealand system of, 10813, 1512
  • Public service, history of, 7384; Royal Commission on, 1866, 758; Royal Commission on, 1880, 801; Commission on, 1912,70, 82; competitive examinations for, 81, 856; commissioner control of, 834; virtues of, 84; effect of depression on, 845; recruitment of, 8691; graduates in, 868; and ministers, 889; self-criticism in, 8990; efficiency tests in, 91
  • Public Service Commissioner, responsibility to Parliament, 71; 1938 report quoted, 878; 1939 report quoted, 91; as co-ordinating authority, 979
  • Public Works Fund, 111
  • Puritans, in North America, 3
  • Radicalism, growth of in the eighties, 17
  • Railways, control of, 6996; staffing of, 81; and Public Service Commissioner, 97 page 179
  • Reeves, W. P., description of Continuous Ministry, 156
  • Reform party, history of, 1920; enters coalition, 27; in 1911 election, 154
  • Reserve Bank, control of, 69; public account at, 112; establishment of, 154
  • Responsible government, establishment of, 7
  • Rights, and the State, 144; present conception of, 145
  • Road Boards, in provincial period, 125; and county councils, 127; elimination of, 131
  • Rolleston, William, on county government, 128
  • Russell, Captain William, opposition leader, 18
  • Russia, conception of State in, 139
  • School Boards, 122
  • Seddon, Richard John, becomes Prime Minister, 178; death of, 19
  • Senate (United States), average of ages in, 48
  • Siegfried, Andre, quoted, 19, 50, 156; on public service, 73
  • Smith, Adam, quoted, 115
  • Smith, Toulmin, 124
  • Socialism, Labour party and, 30; a remote objective, 147
  • Social Security Fund, 111
  • State Advances Corporation, control of, 69, 95; and dairy industry, 100
  • State, conception of in New Zealand, 13848; and society, 1401; and education, 1412; and economic life, 1424
  • State Socialism, Liberalism and, 18
  • State trading, 111, 115
  • Statutory authorities, government by, 956; and problem of co-ordination, 96
  • Stewart, W. Downie, and collective responsibility of Cabinet, 60
  • Stores Control Board, as co-ordinating authority, 97
  • Strickland, Sir Gerald, and life of Parliament, 38
  • Tariff Protection, as a party issue, 17
  • Towns, drift to, 10
  • Trade unions, and Liberal-Labour Government, 19; use of funds for political purposes, 256; secretaries of in Parliament, 47; and compulsory arbitration, 1434
  • Transport, licensing of, 689
  • Treasury, as co-ordinating authority, 967; regulations of, 98; and estimates, 108; control of expenditure by, 114, 116; replies to Auditor General, 117
  • Trevelyan, Sir Charles, and civil service reform, 74
  • Under-secretaries, provision for, 59
  • Unemployment, finance of relief of, in; policy, 1578
  • United party, 20; enters coalition, 27
  • Vogel, Sir Julius, public works policy of, 4; introduces Counties Bill, 1267
  • Wallas, Graham, on civil service reform, 74
  • Ward, Sir Joseph, becomes Prime Minister, 20
  • Waywardens, 124
  • Webb, Sidney, quoted, 50
  • Western Samoa, mandate over, 36; New Zealand's record in, 15960
  • Wynyard, Lieutenant-Colonel, acting governor, 7