§ 16. Complex Prepositions.

—These are irregular modes of using some of the local nouns enumerated in § 8.

Series 1.

• Ki runga ki,

• I runga i,

• Kei runga kei,

• Hei runga hei, upon, on the top of.

• No runga no, from upon, i.e., belonging to the top of.

• I runga i, from upon, with special idea of motion from.

• Mo runga mo, for the top of.

• Ma runga ma, over, by the top of (direction).

• Ko runga ko, to the top of.

Series 2.

• Ki runga i,

• I runga i,

• Kei runga i,

• Hei runga i, above, over.

• No runga i, from above, i.e., belonging to that situation.

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• I runga i, from above, implying motion from.

• Mo runga i, for above, i.e., to be above.

• Ma runga i, by above, over (of direction).

• Ko runga i, to above, over.

In the second of these series o may be substituted for i after the local noun, in which case the construction will be regular.

Similar combinations may be made with raro, to signify under, beneath, below, etc.; with roto, to signify in, into, inside, etc.; with waho, to signify without, outside, from without, etc.

Mua and muri are only used in Series 2.